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RUSSIAN INDEPENDENT HISTORICAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDING JOURNAL 



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36 Bnpenn 2004 sodo KpyrieOuiait s uupe npaooiauiurrjHBii opaanuia- 
HUti ' MBMdyHapodnag ^Aw^ucmuf" iAmresty Intemelional) npusnana 
poccuucnoeo yteioeo Utopp CytnHeuMB nonumu-iocnuti laKiHOsoMHoiu 
rpynne •npagosEiMUTwafi cvntt. oGiuecmao •Meuopuant, BixpoccuO- 
CKiH iroa/iuuufl i3a den/OKpamu-ieCKyro anamBpHafuvnyfo apamdahcuyro 
c/j/wCyji cepde^HO Snasodepum «cei /T«deO. npuntitiuut y^acmue a an- 
^u/tx J0 npvsnOMUO Utopfi CympauHB notiumu^iocifuiri lanmoHVriHbJiii. 

CymrHH tlropa BnHScraBSBHM. IMS rcwa poiuteMHfl xaHaiUia' 

^cropMuecKHx «ay». aaowyiouwa cen-opou BoeHHO-TeiHuvecKOH 
» BoeMHO-3iu><owirieciioA nariiiT)i«ii OiAena BoeHHO-noriKTHieciiHi 
HCcmAoaaHHA h^<4crMr¥Ta CLUA x KaHaAu Pocckhcioh AnaAeuMii 
llayi Ao''yc>a ■ CBeaexxiiM, (scTasnflKMuMM rocyaapcTsenHyio 
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Qri^/iHKDeaHiyro MMctxjpHauttfo OGBkiHSH (IjCB s LunKonawe h pdjrnaueHHri 
CBCAeHiM o BoeHHOH rioTeHL4Hane B anpene 2004 loaa nporoaopeH t 15 nuiau 




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Lil4C~H>4& 3a CSO&OAV " 



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>KypHa/i "Kapra" BbixoAMT npH noAAep)KKe 0OHAa 
National Endowment for Democracy (NED) 



Hac noAAep>KMBafiH: 

nporpauMa uaiibix rpaHToe 

PocctiAcKO-AMepMKaHCKoiii 

ripoeKTHoii rpynnw no npaeaM 

4enoBeKa (MocKBa) 

AO «POKC» 

(PHsaHb) 



npaBMTenbCTBO KopOiieBcrea 
HMAepnaHAbi 



cpHpMa «(6pMr-(t») 
(PnaaHb) 





cCoHA 'I>opfla 

(BaLUHHITOH) 

™pEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE 

V HHCTMTyr 'OTKpbiToe 
OOinecTBo" (MocKBa), 
OoHA Uxopixa Copoca 



a>MpMa oprrexHMKti 

AKTOHnyca ryrrepMaHa 

(repMaHHR 



HeMeqKHbi HapoanbiM 

Coios no yxoAy aa Morvinau^ 

xepTB BOHHb« VI penpeccMii 





MewflyHapoflHoe mctopmko- 
npoceeTMTenbCKoe vi 
npaaosaiubiTHoe o6iJ4ecTBo 
aUeuopMauM 



"S^ AreHTCTBO CliJA 
ij^J^ no MemflyHapOAHOHy PasBKTHio 



MHCTMTyT fleMOKpaTMH B 

BocToiHOH Eepone 
{ B a m M H rroH -Ba p Lua aa) 



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06mecTBeHMbiiii UenTp l^^r+a 
(Bapmaoa) '^"' *■** 




nonvirpa(t»iHeoi:an fi^pwa 
nerepa /loMMSHa (repMaHHn) 



■tOHfl no/lbCKO-HeUJCKO- 

CiiosaMKOit ConHflapHocTM 
(BapmaBa) 



OOKA «EBpa3Hfl» 
(BaiLMMrrOH) 

Mn «fleKOp)i (PnsaHb) 




npasosaLUHTMbiii <t)OHA «3a 

rpa^AaHCKoe o6mecTBo» 

(MoCKsa) 




naMftTH riapHCU Boropa3 
CTp. 189 



Koina uepi TopuouKanH kutmtui 
K 6beiu I flaapeii cynb5a, 
He Hdjio Honiirbui h KinikU, 
Soaibu cynu h cyflo. 

OtiuAMBOii nptKiQjibHeN npoume, 
Bei netTN oiteHHBOM onh, 
QKrpKH NfUMiMti -- nonouisiKi! 
A CHinoMir - ipyok pocikuhh! 

He gtoHU Aetctuibn n iopew, 
He flQMtB Heeepbu n nxM - 
He Bce nHiD6nonu n (sontnii, 
He ue [TyKOHK ic iohxh. 

UlniaH flapwouH ^irxjibiiui 

B KOKM-TD HeB«i|OHblN KpOH, 
JlpyMH HHeHQ, KW XBHHyxHHbi, 

KoK seiKii nepe6HpM. 

BjAb lopKHu, letenwH n apociHUii 
M BbKTOHlUk, IfaKIDWUb lU 

Don rpfjoH WBiroa iiHoroiipy(Hbiii, 
Don HWffiN TBoeii npoeoTu. 

IOjinh Sifmm 



- Kyno coipQWi, laiiMTOH, Kyjia lu, 6f»i, (06panui7 
noFDAu Heiy, KonNTOH, HHrjie noroflin hct. 

- Tan >p«K D nououiM, uimopa, x uiuiyan, KpHK paifloncN, 
MwiopiL II uiuuKUi }Tai KpMK, leiwpb )0 am OTiei. 

- Tu HTO, M (KflMlUb, KQUHIOH, TU paiBB CaU He BMflHUIb: 

B TDKyn 6ypio, KonMiaH, M sbituiuib hhudiii'. 

Qc TU xe BHMr noHAeuib ko uvf, kok TonbKO • uope Buiijieiub! 

~ SI Jiuuian KpHK, HuwpjL mm flow - oiiuuKHyTbui eiiy. 

- A HTO KOHOMfla, KanmaN, t aopory, hqh, He pBCTUi? 
)KsM N AeiH, KonHioH, - a MM HTO npeanoMi? 

- Co HHDN OIOIHMKH, UUIOpA, CO HHOit flHUib flO^pOBOflbUW, 
A nOH pOflHOM npOdHT, MMDOpa, MOH flOM MaHO npO(TNT. 

- Ho ]To xepiBO, KonMioH, inyno h betnoneiML 
Hoc uiHtuKou ucuto, KonNTOH, uu Bie HonepeneT, 
A ABi lOK HHNO, KoniiiaH, ipyflOB laKan 6eiawi! 
Tbob repowTBO. kqtimiqh, D(jia6iir qenuii jinoT. 

Hy, HID TU nonaeuib ho nnouioub, nojjHHuem iOM cbom noi|fM, 

naflyHWUb (BOH TpH roflo, B lOHB euie fluyi. 

Ho 3{inQAe - Bur-a BRKHfT. liiecb - B(eH nepeKpoDT Boinyi, 

H K0H4HTUI HOUM flCnO, ><erO OHM H xAyi. 

A 6yfleT xtuiKO, KonnioH, Konb hhtohkq nopseTU, 

M rpyETHO fiyAST COWpUOTb IMpOfldBO iihx HOpA... 

- Bo BteM Id iipoe, a r HenpoB, kok a necenKS noeiu. 
Ho M Muy R He kain, npocTH aeiifl, wuiopii 

lOnNii Khh 




naudTH Mapexa Hobmukoto 
crp. 17 



PoCCMHCKHJi HesaBMCHUbiA 

HCTOpHSeCKMH M 

npaBoaautMTHUM )KypHan 

Ajpec: 

390000, Poccmi, r. PnsaHb, 
nil. KocTiouiKO, 3. 
Ann HMceM! 39O0O0, Poccun, 
PiisaHb-ueHTp, a/M 20. 
TeJi./<J>atcc: (0912) 7T 51 17 
E-mail: karta@hro.orQ 
http ://www. karta.org 

PeflatcLiHfl HeaaBHCMMof) 
raaeTbi oPfiaaHCKMA aecTHMK'. 
JKypHa/i saperHCTpHpoaaH 
MHHWCTepcTBOM nsHaTH h 
MHit)OpMauMii 29.12.1992. 

CBMASTe/lbCTBO O 

perMCTpauHM 
Na 01949, 

rnaBHbifl peflaKTop 
AHApeft BjiMHyuJOB 

PeAaKi^Mii: 

lOiiHfi CepeAB 

CepreA PoMaHOB 
HpHHa Xo/iMoropcKan 
B/iaAMMMp Xo/iMoropcKHA 
neTp MMTLtHep (doiibuja) 

MHeHHO aBTopoB He 
oOnaaTe/ibHo coanaAatoT c 
TtMKOVI apeHHH peoaKUHH. 
CoxpaHHocTb pyxoriHceti, 
4>OTOMaTepMa/ioB m 
AOKyMeHTOB rapaHTHpyeTCH. 
Do BonpocaM howimckm Ha 
"KapTy- o6pau4aTbcn b 
peaaKUHio. 

KoMnbtoTepHBti BepcTica: 
lO. Cepeaa 

OmeHaTaMo OOO "CEPSMC" 
PnaaHb, yji. 
MHTepHauMOHaiibHan, A- 1 T"- 

3aKa3 N 246 
rieMaTb o(t>ceTHa)i. 
TMpa^K 2000 »K3. 



noAnucaHo b ne>iaTi> 
14.05.2004 

To/ibKO A/in 6ecn/iaTHOi 
pacnpocrpaHeHMfi 



P 




CoAepiKaHMe HOMepos 38-40 



nPABA HEJIOBEKA nPHBATHOCTh 



AHApefi EJIMHYIUOB 

BugeocAe^kka 3a apaikgaHaMU 

sHanano 2004 soda oxasanocb 'ypoxauHbiW na coo6uieHUfi o 
Bonbujou Bpame. 3mom caMuu 5parn e nuue MBff u ^unoeMUKoe 
crrmnwiHbix u pBsuOHaribHbix adMUHucmpaunu aKmueno eaanca sa 
ehiedpenue cucmeubi eudeocnexKu 3a apa>KdanaMu...>i 

8 

ra/iMHaCTO/lflPOBA 

BoAbuiou Epam xoMcm Bugemb Bee 

nHa ynuitax CsHKm-nemepdypsa nnaHupyemcn ycmaHoeumb SO 
mb(Cfl4 eudeoKauep. v/no, no unenuio sopodCKOzo P/BS. nouOMem 
peiKO noebicurvb pacKptieaeuocmb npecmynnenuu...ii 

10 

EoAbUiou Epam cmpoum Mampui^y 

uripedcmaebme cede cemb, a Homopou eeedena uen3ypa. 
AHOHuuHOcmb sanpeuieHa, a nepenieutenue KO/Kdou KOneumj - nod 
KOHmponeu...» 

nPABA HEJIOBEKA BOHHA 
13 

AjieKcaHflp SEPKACOB 

Mokgy Bftacmbio u meppopOM 

«C ve^ewCKUM cenapamu3uou ipopua/ibHO noitOH^unu nymeui 
uapmoecKoao pecpependyua u oKmaSpbCKux ebi6opoe Kadbipoea. 
nocne abidopoe poenbiM cemow huisso we u3Menunocb...» 

PRO MEMORIA 



17 

riaMnmu Mapeka HoBui^kozo 

18 

MmoGbi jkumb 

l/1nmepebio Mapena HoeuuKOao. pyKOsodumenn 
XenbcUHKCKoso <Donda npae uenoaeKa, zaaeme 
aTygodnik Powszechnyn 



«Ee3pa6omuua npaBo3au;umHukaM He y2po;kaem» 

KoHcnexm neKuuu. npwumaMHoO MapeKou Hosuukum e 2002 aody 
e lllKone no npaeau ^enoeBKa 



BwnycK cOBMeiueHHux HOMepoe MypHana "KapTa- o6yCiiOsneH lexHvmec- 
KHMM npM'jviHaMii M iKenaHMBM peoaKUHM npeacrasMTb HMTaTBfiflM pna oG- 
liiMpHbtx MaTspHanOB 6e3 pasflejieHMD mx Ha (fparMeHTu. 



PoccMHCKan «KapTa» ocHOBSHa b nonSpe 1992 rofla no viHHUHaTHBe 
nojibCKoroHesaBHCMMoroHCTopiiHecKorojKypHana uKartaM, Bbixonn- 
utero c RHBapn 1982 roAa. m pnaaHCKoro o6iuecTsa iiMeMopHann, yn- 
peiKACHHoro B OKTSt&pc 1969 roa^. 




anpejib 2004 



www. karta . org 



30 

MapeK HOBMUKMi:^ 

MuHUMaAbHbiu cmaHgapm 

PasMbiwnBHusi co6bimuftx, npoucxoduBUJux a 
rionbuie, eajKHbix dntt cQoOodbi u npss 
nuHHOcmu 

32 

He cuAou, a yMOM 

«6e3 Hacunun k deuoKpamuuv - ducKyccuf c 
y^acmueM MapeKa HoeuuKOeo. 3y3aHHbi 
OuanoeoQ, pyxoeodumenn npospaMU OoHda 
no npaeau ^enoeeKa a cmpanax 
UeHmpanbHou u BocmwHoO Eeponbi, Adame 
Kosena i06mecmeo dpyaeO TuSema) u 
y'4acmHUKoe (pecmueamt Hflpaea ^enoeeKa e 
KUHQu J5-16 dBKa6pfi 2001 3. 

KPACHOE KO/IECO 
OBtiTAEMblii OCTPOB 

39 

Kpamkan noAumuHeckan ucmopun 

Ky6bi 

Off? KonyuSa do Kacmpo 

KAPMECKliM KPM3MC 

47 

A. A/IEKCEEB 

Kak npuHUMaAU peiueHue 

s.dbino cKasano, ^mo npaeumepbcmao CCCP 
3omo€0 eceMu cpedcmeauu noucni, Ky6e. 
ennomb do pasuemeHUfi na ee meppumopuu 
coeemcKux panem cpedneQ danbHocmu... 
Oudenb na Munymy aadyuanca, a sameu 
cKaaan. ^mo smo. Kpoue sauiumbi nySuHCKoO 
peeoniouuu. nocnyixum uumepecaM uupoeozo 
couuaruSMa u yswemeMHwx napodoa...u 

48 

CeprePi HOBOXM/lOB 

Kak gcx:maBA5iAU pakembi 

«nepBoe cydHO "Omck" npuSbino e TpuHudad 9 
cenm»6p» 1962 aoda u docmaauno 6 adepHbix 
paxem HepeSpocKa mexHmu npoucxoduna 
ucKnimumenbHo e meuHoa epeufi cymoK - c 
12 ^ecoe Hixudo B^aQosympa. .a 

49 

CeprePiCTEnAHOB 

Onepauun «AHagbipb» 

n. .3a epeup Kapu5cKoao Kpusuca cepbesHbie 
ncuxu^ecKue paccmpoucmea Sbinu 
3a<t>uKCupoeaHbi y 60 condam CoaemcKOu 
Apuuu. Ha Ky6e ocmanocb pyccKoe xnadduiMe, 
sde noxopoHenbi 64 ienoeeKa...i> 



50 

B/iaflHMMp POKOTOB 
Pakembi Bee paBHO He BsAemeAu 6bi.., 

"Do KaxuM-mo npuwHau otpuuepbi nodanu 
moK pasaona e oduomKu aupocKonoe 5e3 
npedeapumenbHoao pasospeaa i*(udKOcmu 
nodeecKu EcmecmeeHHo. cny^unocb mo, 
'vmo u doniKHo 6bino cny^umbcn c 
3amopuO)KeHHbiuu dauaamenauu: ohu 
caopenu...» 

50 

A. A/IEKCEEB 

Kak Bee sakoHMUAOcb 

"nepesoeopbi a Taaawe u Hbio-i^opKe 
saeepujunucb 20 H0»6pH 1962 soda — nocne 
moao KSK npeaudeum ClilA /]x. Kennedu 
oSbfieur o cufimuu 6noKadbi. Coeemcuue 
paKembi k mouy epauBHu yme bbinu abieeseHbi 
c Ky5bi...ii 

51 

E0i^M LUYMAH, rpuropuCi K03/10B 

To, Mino Bbi He xomeAU 3Hamb o OugeAe 

'Kozda H»4UHaeujb SMaKOMumbCfi c Hoeeumeii 
ocmopueu Ky6bi. mo nepeoe. ^mo npuxodum e 
sonoey, - Heeepofrninan ©e cxOKecmi. c 
coeemcKUMu 'smanauu Sonboioao nyn}u'...u 

56 

Berrn KOPTMHA, PocmAI^EC 
KomaHgaHmckue goMku 

1 y AmiKbi 0epnaMdec a Aneudbi reeapbi 
o6iuae npoujnoe. o6e pocnu a 
npueuneeupoeaHHOM pauone raeaHbi. o6e 
Bocnumbieanucb o dyxe KOuhtyHucmuHecKux 
udeO.n 

57 

3mv\ WAPTMH 

Ky6uHckue jkeHinuHw u 
kpu3uc 

•Hapod KySbi eepup a Oudenit. Bbnnb 
o6MaHymbiu uu ~ SMa^um dumb oSuaHymbiM 
omuoM. B03mo6nennbiu. 6obom...» 



62 



Ham HCAoBek B FaBaHe 

Hnmepebio c OnbzoQ EpeMUHOu. mOHoQ 
eoBHHoaa nepeeod^uKa. ntuaiueQ wa KySe c 
1 9 79 no 1982 aod. 



68 



BAekmpoHHbtu lunuoHaik Ha Ky6e 

itPaduo3neKmpQHHbiu nennnp wa Ky6e. e 
Hypdece. 6bin coideH s 1964 eody. ^epe3 6aa 
soda nocne Kapu6cKoao Kpusuca...* 



CoAepMcaHiie HOMepOB 38-40 



69 




Ky6uHckuu rVAAT: 
Aaeepn u u,eHmpbi 
UHmepHupoBaHUH 



70 

Ky6uHckuu rVAAT 

■3a MCKno'^eHMeM laKoro HOBLuecTsa, ksk 
"nonnTMnecKoe nepeeocnHTaHne", 3Ta CMcreMa 
npejicraannna coSoM eoaapaT k npaxTMKe 
np^HyAMTenbHbix pa60T, ppMueHnsmMxCR Ha 
Ky5e b KanecTBe Mepw HsxasaHMH e anoxy 
KOnoHManbHoro BnaAbi<^ecTBa...» 

74 

Xecyc 3PHAHAEC Kenap 
Ky6a: qcHa UHakoMbicAun 

itllpaeda cocmouin e mou. 4mo mmnoe 
KOnutecmeo niodeu. xasneHHbix no 
nonumw^ecKuM MomuBaM aa nocnedmje 40 
nem. Ky6iJHCKOu ucmopuu HBUseecmnbi, u ace 
ceedenup omnociimenbno Haweu nB/fmomcfi 
cmpoao ceKpemHbiMu. KasHu npodonxaiomcF 
unoceadeHb...» 

79 

ApMaHflo BAJIHA^^APEC 
HageHCb Bonpeku BceMy 

<c3ma KHuaa - ceudemenbcmso a deaduamu 
deyx aodax, npoeedenHbix mhoO e 
nonumu^ecxux rmopbuax Ky6bi monbuo sa mo, 
umo uou ubicnu u udeu omnu^anucb om udeC 
pexuua Oudentf Kacmpo. 
B MoeO cmpaHe ecmt mo. "leio hq uosym 
onpoeep3nymb danfe caubie nbimue 
samumHUKU KySuHCKoQ peflonwquu - 
cyiuecmeoeauue duKmamypbi, dnmueOcti 
6onee •/erneepmu eeKa...* 

83 

TycTabo APKOC Beprnec 
riucbMO c Ky6bi 

"Saiojio^eHHOniy Kacmpo, adeoxamy no 
npo<tieccuu. 6bino npedocmaeneno mpu 
uecma do cyda, •^modbi nodzomoeumb 
co6cmeeHNyio 3aiuumy. TiopeMujuK Kacmpo 
nosBonnem ceeodHHWHum duccudeHmau 
ecmpe^y c adeoMamou nuiub 3a necKonbHO 
MUHym do cyda. ocnu eoo6uj,9 we omKajbieaam 
a3rnOM...» 



84 



Ms gokAaga MeAgyHapogHou AMHUcmuu 
o noAo^kcHuu c npaBaMu MCAoBeka na 
Ky6e. 2002 eog. 

vHa Ky6e ospaHuveHue ceo6odbi 
ebiCKasbieaHuu u accouuauuij aaxpenneHO 
3BK0H0M. Oco6eHHO jmo omHocumca k 



'neaaeucuMbiu' >t(ypHanucmaM u depmenau 
npo0coK>3Hoso daun(0HU» - m.a. meu. xmo 
paSomaem ewe 30cydapcmeenHbix CMH u 
otiiUUuanbHbix npo0coK)3oa...» 

86 

XyaH Kap/ioc rOHCA/lEC /lei^ea 
Ag ky&uHckou miopbMbi 

«f) yrveepiKdao, 'vmo ed cymecmeyem u 
CamaHa noKasbieaam ece eao nuua sdecb. 
3decb a cnbimy nna^ uonodbix xeHutun u 
cmapyx, ux My^umenbHbie u >Kymnue pbi&anuH 
Maecesda epesanu a Moe co3HaHue... Ohu 
Monam o noufade. nomoMy nmo smu ^ambipe 
cmenu cmaHym ux MOdunoO..." 



87 



TpaeeguH 6ykcupa <(13 mapman 

«Ha cmaphiu 6yKCup o6pyujunuch nomoKu 
eodbi U3 OpandcnoOmoe. Odno u3 cydoa- 
npecnedoeameneu 6noKupoeano Gyxcup c 
Moca. a emopoe c cunau ydapuno e xopMy, 
pacKonoe ee. DpocbObi demeO u mchiuhh hb 
ocmaHoeunu nanadaHue...u 



89 



Ky6uHckue cneucAy;k6i>i 

«rnaeHoe ynpaanenue 

pasaedKu 6bino odpasoeano e 

KOHue 1961 zoda. 

Tosda ynpaensHue cocmosno 

U3 mpex oceo6odumenbnbix 

Kouumemoe... 

Bee augcme ohu axodvnu « 

cocmas ynpaenenufi oceo6o)K6enu!i...it 




90 



PoMaH c CilakaAOM 

«06 Mnbuve (iUaKane) coodufsnu. xan o 
nodaiouteM Hadeixdbi pseoniou^joHepe. 
KomopbiM pynoBOdtiftu hu donbiue hu MBHbiuB. 
KBK cau Oudanb Kacmpo u KrE...» 



91 



no3m u «cneuujiAucm» 

57-nemHuO nosm u nyQnuuucm Paynb Puaepo 
6bin npuaoBopen k 20 (deaduamu*.) aodarn 
nvopbUbi 3a mo. ^mo ocuenuncH dyuamb no 
maK, KaK npadnucbiaan eenuKuu eoxdb 
KySuHCKOso napoda. 



92 

Paynb PUBEPO 

Ocmambcn B cepgue 

sBoceub nonmaOcKux 

flucmaiom mempaOxu c pucymaMu 

uoux do^epeu 

B noucKax cnppmaHHbix adpacoe... 

I/IM Oan HB jmo npaeo 

'aaKOHHbiO' opdep Ha oSt/w...* 



1 



anpe/ib 2004 



www.karta.org 



83 

BMKTop3AXAPHEHKO 

UHmepHem no-ky&UHcku 

«LJena nodxpiweMUn dnst nuHHozo 
nonbsoeaHUfi cesodnn cocmaejinem 
OKBuaaneMm 250 donnapoe. a dna 
opeaHusauiJO - e dea pasa 6onbuie. Hpu 
cpedHeu sapnname Kydunuee 6 5-10 
donnapoe...» 

95 

ra6pii3;ib Tapcua MAPKEC 

Ky6uHckuu UHmepHai^uoHaAUSM 

«t^nmepHauuOHanu3M - mpaduifuOHHQe 
Ha^ecmeo Kydunuee. Peeoniouua cdenana eao 
cunbHee u onpedeneHHee a coomaemcmauu c 
npuHuunaMu KiapKCUSua.. 3mo 6oeeo0 
ycmpeunenuB npofeuno ce6n e flamuHCKoO 
AUBpUKB. A(ppuKe u A3UU...» 



96 



B kyBuHckoO miopbMe 
oepauieHMe AefiTeneH 
KyribTypiii k mmpoboA 
o6utecTBeH hocth 

«B 1978 aody 

uaeecmHeOiuuiJ xy6uncHUu 
auHBHonoz. doxmop 
MOdutiUHbi Mapma Opaude. 
nftmudecsimu eocbMu nem. 
6bina npuzoeopBHB KyduMCKuu 
npaeumenbcmaoM k deaduaivu deefimu eodau 
miopeuHoao jaiojiQ^eHua sa uinuoHa)K...i> 




97 

3akoH N? 88 

«0 sauiume nau,uoHanbnoQ ne3aeucuMocmu u 

3K0HOUUKUi> 

98 

Knayflna MAPKEC /IwHapec 
Ci^eHbi nogaBAeHun 
UHakoMbicAUfl Ha Ky5e 

"Vdapbi Kynaxa compacnu deepb 
e Haujy neapmupy. 3mo 6bmu 
compydnuKu eQc6e3onacHocmu c 
opdepoM na odbicx dna noucKa, kbk ohu 
CKasanu, 'MamepuanbHbix doKasamenbcme 
npaeoHapyujeHuu'...» 




99 



Te, komopbie He mort»iaAU 

vCeubdecfim namb duccudeumoe. 
apecmoeaHHbix KySuncKoQ 
2oc6e3onachocmbK} eecHou 2003 soda, 
npedcmaenfiiom npaKinuuecKu ace 
HanpaeneHua duccudeHmcKoso deuxenua wa 
Ky6e...a 




112 

X03e CAPAMArO 

51 ocmancb 

tPacxoxdenue bo Mne»u«x - amo npaea. 
Komopoe ecmb u 6ydem enucano Heeuduubiuu 
^epMunauu so ece dexnapauuu npae w/ioaera 
npotunoao, nacmoniMeso u 6ydyaieso. PasoQ- 
mucb eo MMeHuax - amo nonnoe u neocnopu- 
uoe npaeo naujeQ coeecmu..* 

112 

SAyapAO TA/IEAHO 
BoAbHO 3a Ky5y 

'Bgk XX u mo. •iino yxe cmano 

</acmb*o eexa XXI. cmanu 

ceudamenfiMu deouHoao 

npedamanbcmea couua/jusMB: 

Kanumynmuu couuan-deMOKpamuij. 

Komopan e naiuu duu docmuana cbosbo aroeen, u 

KamacmpO(t>bi KOMuyHuCfTiuiecKu* zocydapcftia, 

npeepatneHHbix e eocydapcmea nonuueQcKue...» 

113 

AxeCiMC flETPAC 
Haiuu MopaAucmbi 

"Ha uHmenneKinyanax nexum o6i*3anHocmb 
pasnij'jamb o6opoNumenbHbie uepbi, 
npuMfimbie cmpaHauu u Mapodauu. 
amaKoeaHHbiMu uunepuanucmauu. u 
aapeccuanbie uamodbi uunepcxux cun. 
HanpaarBHHbie na 3aeoeaantje...» 

116 

M3 UHmepBbio (pugeAJi Kacmpo 

(Pegepuky Mauopy Capazoce 

<i . . .uo/KHo nu aoeopumb o ceo6ode cnoea u 
Ubicnu e peeuoHB uupa. zde ospouHoe 
SonbtnuHcmao apaxdan nonnocnibio unu 
0ynKiiuonanbMo MeapaMornHbi'^it 

116 

Kap/ioc A/lbBEPTO MOHTanep 
•<KoMa-aHgaHmeK u eeo 
HacAegHuku 

itPoano 45 nem nasad 3mom ^enoeex 
npuiuen k enacmu wa Ky6e. •^mo6bi 
cmarrib no)inj3nenHhiM duxmamopoM. 
Om moO Hosopmbi donbiuux 
nonumuKOB - 303eHxay3p. de fonnb. 
Xpymee ~ yme hukoso ne ocmanoch e 

lKUBblX...i' 

117 

CMnHnronflBEPr 

rioAumkoppekmHOcmb cAoBapeu 

xCauoe nocnednee u3danue Webster's New World 
College Hasbieaem Kacmpo npocmo: 'Ky6uncKuu 
peaoniomjOHHbiu nudep. npeMbep-mumcmp u 
npesudeHm". Ho pasae Kacmpo us duKmamop? 
OieaudHO, cnoeapb hb cuen BoauoiKHbiM max eao 
oxapaKmepiJ3oeamb ...a 




CoAepucaHtie HOMepos 38-40 



119 

«CaBASI, CASTRO N0» 

Akuuu npomecma u noddBp>«Ku 

121 

MpnHa XO;iMOrOPCKAq 

Koaga Menma cmaHoBumcH sakoHOM 

nHaeepHoe. Hosda Me^mame/ib cmaHoeumcf 
aaKOnodameneu, omo eme cmpawnee. wsm 
caMan uuHu^Haa mupanup. - mau xomb 
anaeiub. c xeu uMeewb deno u umo oxudamb. 
Xomfi 6bi unntoauQ we ucnbimbieaeiub. u ne 
wado nocmosiHHO 'nnaMenemb" u 
eepoucmeosBmh- . » 

nPABA MEJIOBEKA HOPTPET 
123 

JleAau, mno goAAHO 

l^Hmepebio flbea fleeuHcOHa. npaaosaiMumHUKa. 
SKcnepma HHcmumyma npae ^enoeexa. iKypnany 
xKapmas 

M3 MCTOPMM MHAKOMblCnkiyi 
137 

/leoHapflTEPHOBCKMi^ 
Caea o «XpOHuke» 

«.. 'XpoHUKa mBKymux codbimuu'. ToHBHbKue 
msKue, omcmyKaMHbie na uatuume nucmo^Ku. 
citenneHMbie KaHuennpcKoO CKpemoO. k1 sa 
3mu uaujuHonuchbie nucmcuKu - caxanu...» 

PRO MEMORIA 

189 

DaMnmu Aapucbi Soaopaa 

190 

JlapwcaBOrOPAS- 

BPyXMAH 

06 ogHou noesgke 

<i3a BpeMSi UM03UX noesdoK ubi 
KO MHosOMy npusbinnu. k 
Mo/iva/iueb'u MemuuHau. c 
ueujKaMu u ueuodanauu. 
etiixodnmuM U3 noe3da Ha 
cmanuuu nombua, « 'cmonbinuHCKuM" easonau. k 
3a6opaM c KOntweu npoaonoKoQ noeepxy u sbiiUKau. 
ebiLUxaM om nomiiMhi-2 do caMOso Peaca. .» 

195 

riocAegHee caoBo Aapucbi Bozopaa 

«fl/jj) MOHB npouon^amt. - 3Ha^uno 
npucoeduMunibCft k odoCpenuio deOcmeuu. 
Komopbix H we odoCpnio. npouomamb - 3nem3no 
dnR MBHfi comamb. . . » 




197 

/lapMca BOrOPA3 

«A kak mpembH BouHa — Auuab won 
BijHa...» 

«6oennaf> mepuuHonosua npcm»o eouina e nauiy 
xu3Hb: 'cuubi npomuBHUKa'. 'nauiu nomepu'... /]np 
UHOSux poccuOcKux BpajKdaH ympo Ha^uHa&mca. nan 
noneexa na3ad. c eoeHHoO ceodKu - c xopoujo 
noMHiQ eoeHHbie ceodnu 40-x sodoe...» 

199 

/lapncaB0r0PA3 

Mbi npomecmoBa/iu, nac He ycAbiujaAu 

«. . a eedb ubi cauu U36panu ^my enacmb. Mbi ne 
yuenu pewumenbHO nompeGoeamb om anacmu 
usueyieHuif ee npecmynnoQ nonumuKU ..» 

200 

/lapuca BOrOPAS 

ABmoHckpoAoa 

«Cydb6a nodapuna una eac ecex, eawy dpymdy 
u nio6oeb u uoio nio6oeb h saM...ji 

3HAK EEAbI 

201 

TeHHaflMft KOCTblPHEHKO 
«ileAo BpaMeu»: numku u 

4>aAbcu4>ukaL^uu 

vKoada cnadoeamenb npedbfieun Boecu o6auHenije 
8 lunuOHa/ne e noribsy eumnepoecKoC repMatiuu. 
mom c aope^bio sauemun. "Sw cdenanu Menu 
asenmoM deyx paseedox. He npunucbieaOme xoma 
6bi aepMancKyio - uoO omeii u ceMbR 6pama 6binu 
aawywHw 0auJiicmaMu e tQeuHCKe'...' 

nOHTA «KAPTbl» 

207 

Enena CAHHMKOBA 

rinmbgecflni Aem cnycmji 

xllpoweduiuM nemoM uuHyno numbdecfim nem 
3naMeHumouy Boccmanuio y3HUKOa nazepeu 
HopunbCKa.-.u 

209 

MHHa OEAVIUAK 

McnoAHeHue CMepmHbix npuaoBopoB 
6o AbBoBe 

«So flce epeuoHa modu, Komopbie ucnonHnnu 
MaKasBHufi. 6binu iBKpbimbi om o6mecmea...» 



ItPABA HEilOBEKA 



AHApeii B/IHHVLUOB 



BMAEOCAEXKA 3A rPA>KAAHAMM 




Ha^ano 2004 roaa OKasanocb 
nypowaiiHbiw)) Ha cooSujeHKn o Bont- 
lijOM bpaie. 3tot caubiM BpaT b nkiMe 
MBA M ^MHOBHMXOB CTonMMHbix lA perw- 
oHanbHbix aAMMHMCTpau^^ aniMBHO 
B3nncn 3a BHeapeHtie c^cTeubi si^aeo- 
cne>K«M 33 rp3MvtaHaMM 

TaK. Hanp^Mep. b 12 np^ropoA- 
Hbix 3neKTponoe3flax MocKOeCKOii we- 
nesHOM Aoporu y>Ke ycraHOBneHbi «cu- 
creMbi BrtyrpHcanoHHoro BHfleoHa6nio;ieHHfl». 

h3tm 12 cocTaeoB - TonbKo nepsao nacro^Ka, noswe TaKne 
CMcreMU 6yAyT ycTiHaBJuieaTbcn hs see noesAS npuropoAHoro 
coo6iueKHfl B CTonM4HOM )Kene3HOflopO)KHOM y3ne», - coo6innn 
{iHTepttiaKCy saMecTwrenb MMHHcrpa BHyrpeHHMx aen PO rene- 
paJ^-nontcoBHMK mi^/iiilimm AneKcaH^p MeKsriUH. 

Om nofiCHnn. mto TpaHcnopTHan mm/ihuhh Bosnaraer Ha 
HOBMHKy 5onbujne Hafle>w]bi. "BnaroaapB noAo6Hoii cwctsmb 
ropa3/i<3 ner^ie noAnepxcHeaTb oQiuecTeeHKbiM nopnAOx, saaep- 
xHBaTb npeciynHMKOB. aaHflanoB m xynMraHOB». - noflnepKHyn 

3aMMMHMCTpa. 

MHTepHST-areHTCTBo MwHucTepcTBa nyreS cooBmsHMn 
(MnC) nofl^epKHyno, 'jto MamwHHcr 3neKTponoe3fla CMOweT hs- 
6nK>flaTb 3a npoMcxoAflujMM sHyrpti canoHOB (saroHOB]. oKoun- 
jieKT annaparypbi nepeaa^n h pernCTpauMw cwcreMbi BHyTpwca- 
jioHKoro TerieHa6nK>fleHiw> flnn noflBHJKHoro cocTa8a» - laKOBO 
nonHoe Hasea^Me 3neKTpoHHoro narpynn. 

B canoHe KaxtAoro aaroHa ycraHoeneHO yCTpOMCTso. nepe- 
R3K>\uee eviA60H3o6pa)KeHMe Ha sKpanbi b KaQ^ne MaiuMHi^cra 
Ha MOHMTOp no CNepean BbtaoA^Tcn L(BeTHoe h43o6pa>KeHiie. 
CMCTeMa cHaQMcena nyribTou /iMCTaHLiMOHHoro ynpaeneHMn. m3- 
lUhiHMCT Moxer peryriMpOBaTb nocrynneHvie MHct>opMaL(MM. Ha- 
npHuep. 3aA3Tb y;io6Hoe eMy BpeMo cMCHbi bi3o6pa)KeKMn 113 
paatibix BaroHOB wih ycranoBMtb HenpepbiBHyio TpaHc/iBumo na 
nK)6oro canoHa - HOMep earona m nopnAOK cneAoaankin nynbr 
flucTaHUMOHHOro ynpaBneHMH onpeAe/iBer aBTowaTHMecKw. Kpo- 
Me Toro, c noMOiubio nyntya flMcraHUMOHHoro ynpaaneHi^B bbo- 
AMTcn cTpoxa c flononHMTenbHoii nH0opMaunefl: flara. HOMep 
coCTaaa. (iiaMv\!iv\f> uaujbiHiicTa 

CMCTSMa BhiyrpitcanoHHoro Ha6nio/)eHi4n ue ToribKO rpsHC- 
jiMpyeT H3o6pa)*(eHiie b peanbHOM epeMeHH, ho m bcagt apxite. 

Cneucny)K5bi nonarator, hto BnaeosanMCb npoTHBonpaBHbix 
AeHCTBMM naccawbipOB craHer AOcrarOMMbiM AOKasaTenbCTBOM 
AJin cjieACTBHB H cyiia. 

ra3eTa «CionMHHan» coo6mnna. ^410 BHfleoHaBnKiaeHMe sa 
rpaxuaHaMiisBOAMTCnHeTOJibKDHaMceneaHoi^AOpore 22A9>(a6- 
pfi M3p MocKsw Jly^KKOB noAHiican pacnopowenbie o BBeACHi^H 
CHCTeubi BMAeoHa6ntoAeHiifl. Kauepw 6yAyT ycT3H0BneHb< bo 
Bcex uecrax HapoAHbix ryriRHMH h Maccosoro cxonneHHn nto/ieM 
H 6yAyT pa6oTaTb b TeHeHne acex npa3AHiiMHbix A^eii 

KaH uviHMMyu. ci^creua BtiaeoHaSnioABH^Fi m onoaeuieHvin 
((CHrHanu ycTaHasnuBaBTCfl na KpacHoft, /1y6nHCK0M, TeaTpajib- 



AndpeO Bnuhyiuoe - inaeHbiO pedanmop mypHoua iKapmau, 
npedcedameitb ps>3a»CK0SO oCmecmea «Meuopuant. 



Ceprefi CMMPHOB 
Hto TaKoe npHsaTHoCTb? 

-fiiiri) *rc .iiiAtwriii jiruiiiii » ii');iiii)''i'n"K'i« 
/iM'i/iJii/H'Jiriic!' llitrriiii/iLii-Hiir rriin} niipvmyn- 
Afilli'-. il'i :imii fini- :!•• .aiil'iunl. •itllti :iiiki>ii 
liiujirfH iHjjiJMiUHiiii .(wifWi riiKiiih c imiiit htp 
iu»i(i|iN. rfnfiM od-tp^'itiittit imiSiiinjf ii<i.iiii(iiii* . 
Jriiii'ii ,'lmwiiii. .wriieiinl. 
f.iiieti lidifiiliirr ll(ili/iiif[s 

(),UI<) M.1 rSMMX II.IBtmiUX III1|r.l(VlfHHfl 

r.ianiT: i[|niBarHi>rn> - :yTH ii|tniiii fiuTh irpi'ior- 
tuii.K'iiiii.iM ruMiiM> rrfiiv linwjtMii •iiMinH'K lltit'- 
iT ii|init<) iin rtuti\ -vro^iciK- n li[>iH^mMrTiH\ 
^inimiiiiriirihiH fir ii|Hiiiiinck.ihMHt iifH^>iriiTi\iM-Tn 

ro c"ro|ii>iiM. 

lipHRr 5UT1I iipraorrBn.lciiiii.iM roMnMy 

ri'Vu' in 111 IH If 111. I II u IXfKI nii\, koi.ia n\irpiii;iiii' 
I'Kiw HipiiiTf-r .Imic hfi;)ii,triir 11 f .~>MNLi.iK\rij>|H'H 
"rijfi.iiiK™in.Tiin)Kvpiian'«Hananl l*» Urt if w» 
iTiiTi.Hi -Thi' HiphI lo I'ritacy- (li>T;nn.rhiHii — 
ii|)iLii» Mil ii|iiiiiaTiinrTi.) . 

ll|>iiiinTiiiMTi. — '|i\TMJiMi-iira.ihiii>r iipiim^^io- 
.iiiiii'Kii It 1IIIMI iiiTrn iin.iiinii |»i.iy r ii|i»)u>M lia 

>;imill< II nilH'xi.lllii \^>K.II'Mllll. t.lll'llltlL,lll<Tbl 

.iii\\ uliuio-ciu'iiiiMV ii|iruiiii.iai|i>>i. Klcrlninir 
l'ri\ar^ Inrcirnialiiiil tciilrr 11 I'rivni-y 
lultTMntiniinL n i'imh^m ritii^MHTiH>^i iMT.HMcmn- 
iiiiii ii|H'.uir>iKii.iii (y.Kimiii. Kiiiii->iiiii) iiuLiiMirrii 
ii|iiiiiiiTii(H-n. iin iiTij|>i' Bii.in. -Irii; 

- ijiii.iiiHcrKaii ii|>iii(Uiii<irrh. 

- Tr|i|>iiT(i|iiianiiiaH ii(iiinaTiirH-n.. 

- IIIM[HI|lviniLlinilMJIJ1 lipilHDrillK-I'li I li|fllllBTIHH^t< 

ii>'|iriiiin.ii.iiij\ 1HIIIIM\ I . 

- ii|iiiimriiiHii. K<>MviyiiiiK«iiiiii 

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liiMU II i.'iiu|mi|iiri, it<i II |iarMi>iiir Mi'rrii. iiirTti- 

II Ji' iiiiW|Mi. Kviir ii'HM.iH 11 T„i. :>nir bha 

iilniiinriiiHTti iM) Miiiini\ itiwiirm iiBXiijiirTTH mi.i 
iiiii.-|ii>Him'.ii.rnioM .^SKniia. 

RTfiiHlii mi. I - i|)ii,iii>i(TKiin MpiiniiTiiorTi.. 
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n,iiin. y iirm Biio.im ,'tlllv .uh iiii.iHi'iriiiiH b 
iiHiiiiiiiiiL'iiiiiyiii fifl.iy .laiiMikiv. 

It (iT.iii'iiii' iir iii'|iiihi\ .tny-x niuoH, ii|iiiiiaT- 

lUH'th lll'|H^IIIILIhlll<l\ .IIIMIIU\ II ll|llimi TIIIN'n. 
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lliKiiiiiiu iMPKrni Kiiii/ii 'Hiutr@miu>rinH» 

'iiannSinti- im imiimn-ir 

illpniut v.unrKn « I'lirrmi*: 

hl!ii:/,1tn).nqir'pdiliiin.i iirirnrji 



WIHW kirlB 0"S 



4 



nPNBATHQCTb 



HOW. CyxapeBCKOH n/iomaflflK n n/ioiuaflM Tpex aoioa- 
noe. a raioKe bo acex rnasHbix napxax ^ o6w,ec^RenHblx 
uecrax CTOnt^ubi. B KaKvix mmghho, b rVBA cooQiukiTb 
OTKaaanwcb noA npe,anoroM KCOoSpaweHMM 6e3onacHo- 

CTUn 

Sna^HTenbHaH lacTh BMfleoKawep Syfler paeoTart 
He ToniiKO B ueHTpe MocKSbi m na ee OKpanHax, ho ia na 
BLesAax B ropoA. BK/iKman ocnoBKbie rpaccw TaKwe 
CMcreubi BMaeoHa6nK);ieHiifl ofiopyaynTcn a iKHnuxao- 
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3M c MiinwuneM». BKntc^aioiniix cMcrewy BHAsoHaSnicae- 
H^FI . B MOCKBe JIMLilb 35. v\ o6cnyN<iiBaiOT 0H»1 OKono 200 

AOMOB 

Bo cKonbKo oSoMAe^cfl Ka)«/ibiM nynicr BiuieOHa6nK)- 
AeHMH. B npasMTenbCTBe Mockbn coo6iubiTb OTKasa- 

/IHCb. MCTOHHHKM B rVBfl CTOnMHt.1 CO06mMnM, MTO HSno- 

ronnaTenbuiHKaM npHflCTCH sbinojKHTb aa KajKflbiM arnaa 
Bofibujoro Bparas OKono 1-1,5 Munnnapfia pySnew. 

AreHTCTBO CNews cooSmaeT, mto k 2006 rofly bo 
Bcex paiioHax Uockbu nnaHkipyercR ycTanoBkiTb cwcre- 
ubi Bv\p,eot*a6nK>aenMt* «CoTa». 

Ha asunbiii MoueHT b CeBepo-3ana/iH0M oKpyre 
CTontiUb' ycTanoB/ieHO 23 craHijviM npiieMa ti o6p350TKbi 
tiH4}opMaubiM, KaMc^an c^nTbiBaer i4h(}x)pm3umio c 1200 
TOiiex (1) 3T0W cMCTeMbi B^o,eona6nioaeMva npeflnona- 



raeTCfl ocHacrwTb cvicTeMaMu BMAfiOHsSnio/ieHun Ce- 
BepHbiii, Cesepo-BocTOHHWH, SanaAHWii m IO>KnbiM OKpy- 
ra, B 20O4-2O05 ff. - Boctcnhwm, B 2006 r, - UenTpa/ib- 
hblM 

Haptgiy c MocKBOii, cwcTBMy nnaHnpyeTcn ycra- 
HaanHsaTb vi a ApyrMx ropoAax UeHTpanbhoii Poccvivi. 

AreHTCTBO Regions coo6iuMro, mto ua aoioane b 
ropo^ie KwpoB na ^ihhx ycTaHOB/ienw Kawepw BHfleoHa5- 
nwAeHMn OA^a m sinx xaMep nacTOnbKo MoutHan. ^to 
CMOwST 3a HecKoribKo cotbm METpoa oTl^eTnHBO paar/in- 
ACTb uenKvie AeianM Ha ^enosenecKOM nvne. 

Bcero Ha ki^pobcwom aoKsane ycraHOsneHo 32 Ka- 
Mepbi. KOTOpbie cneiinT 3a icaccaMu, 6araM(HbiM oTflene- 
HHBM, sanoM OJKMAaHMn, a TaKwe 3a tgm, 4to npoMCxoflur 
Ha neppoHe v\ y i4eHTpanbHoro axoAa h3 BOKsan 

OeecneuMT fin Taxao cMCTeMa BnfleoHa6niOflSHHB 
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CTynhHKOB? B npHHqnne. sto Bnonne moxcho 6yaeT no- 
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cvi 6yAyT ^wryptipoBaTb b Ka'^ecTBe AOKaaarenbCTB s 
cyAe. 

A BOT lOK 6biTb c npasOM rpaMvtaH Ha uacTHyio 
)«n3Hb. c MX npwBaTHocTbK? f^e npoxoflHT rpaMb MesKiiy 
o6ecne>4eHMeu 6e3oracHocTv< vi yiueuneH^eM npas ;i 
cBo6oa Menoaexa'' 



EOJIblUDI EPAT 

XDHET BHAETh BCE 



ra/iHHa CTO;i?1POBA 

BCaHKT-neTep6yprepemti/iHno3aHMCTBOBaTbnoH- 
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4T0, no MH6HHK} ropoflCKoro rVBA. noMOiKST pesno noBbi- 
cuTb pacKpbiBseMOCTb npecrrynneHnw 

npeAnoKeHHafl nporpaMMa ywe nony^wna ofloOpe- 
Hue rySepnaTopa ropojia BanenTUHbi MaTaneHKO. Ha- 
CKOJibKO SbiCTpo rieTepSypr 5yAeT noxpbiT cetbio BHfleo- 
Ha6/nofleHnn. Tenepb HanpnMyw sasnCMT ot loro, maf. 
CKOpa BnacTM ropoAa cuoryT pa3Ao6biTb 250 muh p,on- 
jiapos Ha pearwaauMK) npoexTa. 

MecTHbie npaBosaujMTHMKM onacaioTcn 6ecK0HT- 
ponbHoii cnewKM h ujaHTawta. oflnaKO npeACTaaMTenw 
ntfrepcKoro P/BA CMOipnT b 5yAyujee c oniMMioMOM. 

HjioHAOHCKan nommno Bceraa tohho anaeT, 4to 
npoiACxOAMT B ropoAS na kbmcaom ynwue, oco6eHHO b 
ueHTpe, yCT3K0Bn6Hbi Kauepbi cf^e>KeKH». - rOBOpHT 
coTpyAHHK npecc-cry)K5bi ryBA nerepGypra Haeen Pa- 
eBCKvi^. - 3Ta cvicieua yixe ^ottaaana caoio ^(^(tleKTMB- 

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MapMHbi Kyx orpa^Mnn a oHaape HbiHeiunero roAa Ma- 



'KAPtA' M3a-4D 2004 



4 



upaba hejiqbeka 




p^Ha >KMBeT HanpoTbiB o^ae^'envm uHnMUMM. a Ha cocea- 
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parri|io<T|wiiirnHp n-pr:! llhurpFicT imcjuipiianiiii <i(i am mis 111 iK 

llllrHMOIIHII. 



BonbLUOM Bpar crpoHT Marpiiuy 

HsBecTHbiiii nySnHUMCT m SKcnepr a ofinacru 
MHTepHeTa CTHseH JIcbh (Steven Levy)' ony6/iHKO- 
Ban e Newsweek TpeeoMHbiM MarepMan o m»ipoKO- 
N3CLUTa6H0M HacrynneHMhi npasMrenbCTB Ha um4>- 
poBOe npocTpaHCTBO C8o6oflbi. 

aflpedcmaebme ce6e cemb. a Homopou aee- 
dewa uBHSypa. AnonuuHOcmb sanpemena. a nepe- 
ueiueHue Ka>KdoQ Koneuxu - nod KOHmponeu. Tom, 
Kmo npaeum. MOntem b sapodbiwe dyujumb 'nod- 
pbieHbie" udeu. a Sea paapeuieHua Bonbinoao Bpa- 
ma Me uoiKem fitrmb onySnuKOeano Hwieao. da>Ke 
cnucoK noKynoKi>, - pwcyeT wpaMHyio napTHHy Ctm- 
BeH JleBti. 

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asRb MAeonorMfl M apxuTeKTypa l^HTepHeTa oni^pa- 
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TaKOii cocTOHncn - Kn5epcBo6ofla . 

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ea 

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Ha/lBAMTb 

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CMucne sepHyji nau nacTb m HaujHX yTpaneHMbix 
riH'^Hb'x cbo6oa 

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ponn. TO ecTb cne>KKii, noflcnyiuHBaHiw, noflrnnaw- 
BaHMfl, cocTaBJieHMH flocbe Ha rpaMflaM. Hmshho 
cneucny)K6bi noBcewecTHO iiHMUHUpyioT noSiye- 
CTBfiHHbie flMCKyccHMs Bpe;joHocHocTM HHTepwe- 
Ta: M nopHorpa^kin rau. m HeqeMsypHan Spaiib. h 

KpaiKM C 3neKTpOHHblX KpeflMTHblX KapTOl^eK. M BO- 



'Ctmboh JlcBH (Steven Lovy) - ny6nin4MCT. coTpy/iHim 
awepMK3HCKoi^ peA3KuHM Newsweek 



■KAPTA- l«38J0 2004 



^ mU lEHOBEKA 



11 



o6Lue. ASTnM epeflHO y mohmtopob CMASTb. nyMtue 6t>i 
Ha^anbHo^ Boe^Hoii noAroTOBKOM sdH^ManiiCb. 

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6noKnocTbi Ha jtgpofax, ^3biMaTE> e asponoprax aeaoAO- 
paHTu. o6bHBnnTb ropoaa 'oaKpbiTbiUH o6pa30BaHwn- 
MM» V> B03B0flMTb HOBbie CTeHbl H3 6eiOHa H KonioHew 
npOBOnOKM* 

A fM cBo6ona B MMTepHeTe, an0HWMH0CTb nonb3o- 
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cnywSMcraMM nyrb hm He ochobmoh yrpoioi^ MMponopivi' 
»ty. 

€KBK>Ke uoxHO aaanamb dxuHa ceododbi odpamHO 
e 6ymbinKy? - paaMbnurner b Newsweek CTMseH JleeM. 
- 3mo ydacmcs. ecnu 6ydem peanusoean nnan nepe- 
cjDOpuupoeaHua HHinepHema oj apenbi (hb KomopoO 
rio6oQ Mo>Kem Bucmynamb anOHuMHo) e cmpyxmypy 
docmyn k KomopoO 803MOMen monbKo nocne peeucm- 



pauuu. u KamdbiQ y<iacmnuK 6ydem uuemb uu<ppoeoO 
cepmu0UKamu. 

JlesM noxasbiBaeT, hto nnaww cneucny»(6bi no co- 
SAaHMio MarpMiibi HaxoA(<T ropn^yio noAa^pXKy y Kpyn- 
Hbix KOMnbUTepHbix KopnopauHM. DoHauy? <tB maKoQ 
cucmeue we monbuo fiiodu. no u KOMnbiomepHbie npo- 
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c pii'4nbiMu cepmucpUKantaMu nontsoeamepeO. iino6bt 
onpBdenumb, neaanbHaft fju smo KOnun npoapauubi u 
uueem nu lenogex npaeo ucnonbsoeanib ee a csoeu 
KOMnb/omepeu. 

KaK o6biMHO, nporpaMMHbiM mohctp - xOMnaHMH 
Microsoft - paHbuje flpymx jaceeTMnacb Ha hmbb coaaa- 
HHfl Maiptiubi . Microsoft nojiHUM xoaou pa3pa6aTbiBaeT 
HOB/K) CHcreMy - sBesonacHan KOwnbioTepHan nnar- 
cfJOpMa HOBoro noKOreHUflu (npewHee nasBaHMe - 
Palladium)^. Oh3 6yAeT BCTpoena e oyepeflnyw Bepcuio 
Windows. 

OKaaajiocb, mto Me oTCTacT h flpyrwe HMaiprnje- 
crpoMTe/iMH - Kopnop3L(HH Intel u AMD pa 3pa 6a tub a kit 
ysfibi. KOTopbie sacTaanr Bce Hoeue {Hrki MOAepHMJMpo- 



' ITnaHbi Microsoft no cosdanuio «oeou yHueepcanbnoO 
npogpBMUHOQ nnamtpopMbi emsbieaiom cgpueaMoe 6ecnoKoQ- 
cmeo MHOBuK Ha6niodamene0. e iiom iuc/tb u sdujumnuKiM 
QHnauHoebix npae. npoepauiAa Hajwesemcn 'Palladiwrm u 
npednsaHawewa dnn ucnonb3oea»uP He odopydoeaiuu. coida- 
eaeMOM Hnenauiu npoMbiuinenHO-mooioeou epynnf Trusfetf 
Computing PlaSfoim Alliance (esmyspymyexodtim.HanpuMBp. 
KOMnoHun Inlelj HpoipaMua cosdaem ne Kount-ioirwpa max 
HflSbieaeMyJO njawuiUBHwyw 30Hy» BKomopou. noymeepmde- 
Huio aemopoe. nepcoHantHbie Qannbi9 iHanpuuep Houapa 
Kpedumnbii Kapmo'^eH) 6ydym a dofibwaO 6e30n3cnocmu Mw- 
(popitiamifi. xpanatnamcf<a«3aiuuuj!BHnou3QHe'i Sydemheda- 
cmymta dama dnn dpyiux npaspamui hb xounbiamepe flpuno- 
meniM. paGomaioiuue enympu «30Hbii>. cuaiym ce»3bieambCfi 
■/epes HMmepiiem c pajpaSo/nwuKaMu. •/mofitJ y6edumbcri. 
<4mo npoepauMa pa6omaem «KaK Mado». Ckbhuiuku soeopftm, 
Hmo Palladium mowho Qydem ucnonbsoeamb Ona cnexitu 3B 
dBiicmauaMu nopbioeameneO Hanpuuep, cucmeua Moxem 
nouBiuarib nonbsoeamenvM npotuman^b unu CKaiart'b 0ailnbi 
1)3 Cemii npocnyuiamt, enonna i>eeanbno npooGpamenHbie 
ducKU 6onee onpedenBHuoao KOnu^ecmaa pai. coacaaamb 
peaepoHoie xonuu u daiKO sanycKamb npoapainifbi nOHKypaH- 



moa Kopnopauuu Microsoft MetiBd^KBp apynnbi psipaSomwu- 
Hoe Palladium Mapuo Xyapec (Mano Juamz) npusnan mpiq 
npospauMS eo mhosom ocHoetieaemcn na mexHO/joaunx. yno- 
MSM/mwi a narpet*me. nony^ianMO¥ Micmsoft ms Digital Rights 
Managemani aperaiing System. Ecmb u euta odun acriBKin: 
oco6eHnocmu cucmeubi ne daiow nonbioeamanio dapixamb 
nod KOHmponeM napconanbubie daHHbie. u om cmaHoestmcn 
sopasdo 6onae yaieiiiuibiuu dPfi asnouiuunoa 

GILC Alert iBioppemeHb rpodarbHoO icaunahuu sa 
cooGodbi 8 HHmepHeme). ow/io 20O2 a. 

PfcnsHCifoo omCeneHue opaaiuaauuu Computar Prutes- 
siortals for Soc/al Responiib'i'ly (CPSR. y^acmwn GILC) npo- 
eeno emopyo uepeMOHuio » Hasped BonbUioao Bpama' e nau- 
nnoHB Haspedy la -Cauyio GecnapdoMnyio maxHonosuioii 
non/^upa KOpnopauuP Microsoft c ee npooKmou Palladium 
(Hbina OHHOCum uMfi Vexl-Goficafion Secure Computing Basa 
~ NGSCBI MHoaue axcpepmbi ciumaiom. imoamom npoeitm 
MOMom cmamb ocHoeou 6pst npBKnuKu mamanbHOao iconmpo- 
pft Mad deucmeuPMu nopbsoeamepeij ho csoi/x noKBiibHbix 
Kount-iomepax. 

GILC Alert . waepb 2003 e. 



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MajioToro, pa3pa6aTbJBalOTcncMCTeMblo6fl^aTenb- 
Hb)x u^0poebix iuieHTi4Ct>iiKaTOpOB asms anft ROKyusH- 
TOB, KOTopMe Mbi cosAasM a cbovix Kounbiorepsx' 

Ctmbeh JIbbh npeaynpewflaer. «Bnaaodapit smouy 
npaeumenbcmea cuosym o6no>Kumb Manosauu niodyio 
mopsoenio a HnmepHeme, a duKmamopbi - Sea no»Gx 
omcnexueairib, xmo npo mux timo Hanucan». 

Tpesory Ha^an 6nrb JlopeMC HeccHHr (Lawrence 
Lessrng). "rypy" KM6epnpaB3 via CrsHctiopacKoro yHH- 
BepcMTexa. KOiopwiS ony5JiMKOBa/i xHwry «Kofl v apyrwe 
npasa Kti6epnpocTpaHCTBan. B 3tom KH^re bbtop npe- 
flynpew;naeT, uto warncK aaKOHOflaTeneii m KOHqepMOa 

MO>KeT CMRTb OTKpblTyiO npirfpO^y BCBMllpHOM KOMnbK)- 

TepHOii cem iHoeaH cucmeMa OyOem eeodumbcn nod 
nosynaoM 6opb6bi c eopauu. msppopucmauu. nupama- 
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npaeoHa KOMMyHMKaunoHHyio np^eaTHOCTb. 

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HUMantb, nmo ux codcmeenHbie UHmepecbi saeucam om 
omKpbiinocmu t^HmupKemn (nanpuMsp, cydbSa noucKo- 
aou cucmeMbi Google saeucumommoao.ydacmcfinueO 
npocMampueamb ee6. a e xonmponupyeMOM UnmepHe- 
me 3ma sada^a 6bina tbi HeebinonHUMoO). 3e6unu n\pe- 
BQsy u MHOsue zpynnbi o6ujecmaeHHbix aKmueucmoa. 
Hanpuuep. Electronic Frointer Foundationu (www. efforg) 

B Poccti^ Tamce ecTb o6ii4CCTBeHHbie opraHHsauim, 
6bK)mne B Ma5aT no noBOay HacTynneHwn Bcnbuioro 
Bpara Ha HHTepweT. 3to. npeiKAe acero. - MexperHO- 
na/ibMan rpynna sflpaBOsamwrHaq cerbw (www hro.org). 

Heo6xoAMMO CKaaaTb, ^to ywe HecKOJibKO auepn- 
tOHCKHx saKOHOflaTe/iew v\ flenyraTOB EBponeMCKoro 
napnaueHTa a nonHoi^ uepe HauiiHaioTocoaHaBaTb onac- 
HocTb L(kictipoeoA ueHsypbi v\ cre)KM a Cem. 



Bopubt 3a rpajK/iaHCKHe npaaa eoanaraioT raioKe 
QonbiuMe naae>KAbi hb aueptiKaHCKoe npaeocyavie. cto- 
Hmee Ha cTpa>Ke Depeoii nonpasKn k KoHCTurymiH CLUA, 
rapSKTHpyioiueM cbo6oav cnoBa, ia Ha EaponeMCKkiii CyA 
no npaaaM ^^enoseKa b CTpacQypre. 

CTvieeH JleB^ b Newsweek nHLuer rawKe o rpynnax 
KOMnbhorepHbix cneuHanwcTOB, xOTopwe ywe Hwyr b03- 
MowHoCTti o6dmto fla)Ke caubie NtecTKkie CHCTSMbi xoht- 
ponae MHiepHeTe. «Bodnou uapaSom. u3danHOu Heno- 
mopbiMu npoeKmupoeiMuxauu MaOKpoco(pmo€CKoii cu- 
cmeubi Palladium (da-da. uuenHo maul), onucbiaaemca 
cnoco6. nan o6oOmu Konmponb epa)Kde6nou cpedbi u 
xan c8o6odHo nepedaeamb danHbie tepes uanbie npu- 
eairiHbie cemu. npedcmaebme ce6e uu0poebix 6opuo9 
3a ceo6ody, yHpbieujuxco e ^nexmpoHMbix neaiepax, 
maOm o6Menueaiomuxcft (paOnaMu u nuujyoiux 6i\ozu' 
max, 'imodbi He nonacmb e c0epy padapa ueH3ypbi u 
cmpa}i(eu aemopcxux npae'ii 

SaAB'^a coxpaHeH^n paeHOBecMH cHn b MHTepHere 
ecru M BbinonHHMaB. to oienb Tpyflwan. Tew Bonee 
TpynHao. MTo 6onbUiHHCTB0 nojibSoaaTeneH Cbtm cew- 
4ac aeMOMCTpupyroT cBoe paBHoaymMe k arovi npo6ne- 
Me. nonaraH, hto hx ace 3to ne Kacaeicn. 

«Mto HueeM. He xpan\itM. noTepoBiuM. n/ianeMu... 

A aeAb name oSwecTBo, ace 6onee 3aBncnMoe or 
MHTepHeTa,6yfleTiiMeTbaCeTHgTonbKOCBo5oflbi.ci:onb- 
Ko ee oTBOKieT. 



' HoeooSpasoaaHue e KounbtomaphOM cnenzo: blog- 
weB-i-log (6nos=aeS*-noa). ede log - mypnan pBaucmpatfuu. 
Ecmb daa muna finosoe nMueov MypHanty u uH<t>o6nos Mt*- 
cpo6me sedem dnoeeep On ^umaem sasembi online u paime- 
iMoorrt Ha csoet* G/ioee ocbi/ixu Ha mo. vmo noKasaiioca bm/ 
uHmepecHbiu KOuueHivupyem cau u npuznamaem xoumbh- 
mupoaamb nopb3oeamene0 (ntxemumeneO) tnosa B hbko- 
mopoiA cubicne 6nossep 3xohomuid epsMH nonhsosaweneu - 
CH npoHen 3a mux sasemu u omuemun mo. ■jmo cnedyom 
npouecmb Xopouiue utKpoBnoiu wac/no Co/iee onepamuenbi, 
HBM HOflocmHbie nenmbi. 




KAFTA' M3a-dO 20M 



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BONHA H nPABA lEADBEKA 



n 



AneKcaHap HEPKACOB 



MEXAV BJIACTblfl N TEPPDPOM 




Aretcaiidp '^epKacoe 



riocne yrpeHnero 
espbiea 6 tpeapann moc- 
KOBCKoe Merpo HaeoAHH- 
nii con^aaTbi eHyrpeHHMX 
BOACK M MHni^uMn Bbino 
6bi onpoMeiMMBO pyrarb 
«cMnoBkiKOB» 3a aanoaaa- 
/lyio noKaayxy - ohh, cko- 
pee Bcero, fle^cTBurenb- 
Ho nwraioTCH npefloiBpa- 

TMTb HOGbie TepaKTbl. A 

o>KMAaTb lAX. 6bmo 6bi no- 
riiHHO, ana Toro MTo6bi 
.QeMCTBMTenbHO «noCTa- 
BHTb Ha yLUMi) B36yaopa- 
weHHyK)MocKByiino»ta3aTbniOAnMk'x6e33awMTHocTb. A 
emenoTOwy, htob MocKsy, CKopee BCero, 6btnnepe5po- 
lueH oTHioflb He oflMH TeppopMCT - raK 6wno vi b OKTdSpe 
2002-ro, M B MKine 2003-ro 

CeroA^n HOBbie Bspbisbi HHKouy eo snaciv xe Hyw- 
Hbi - B oTfiHHMe OT npomnbix BwQopOB, napnaweHTCKMx 
1999-ro ki npesMABHTCKbix 2000-ro. Tar^a ocHOBHbiMM 
HHCTpyMSHTawM nponaraHaMCTCKOM xaunaHbiH, o6ecne- 
MHBUJMMM ycnex onapTi^H anacTHw. cranki mmchho pefiA b 
AarecTan ia aspbiBbi aouoe c HaMaroit BcneA sa 3thm 
«BTOpoii He'^BKCKOili bowhomw 

f\ cTHWAb He xOHy npMniicaTb am aspbiBbi cneu- 
cnyxcGau, xoTn Hacioniuee paccne^oBaHkie npoeeaeHO 
He 6bino. a npoujeznuwii cyn Menee scero cnocoScTBO- 
Bar ycTaHOBnenwio i^cTHHbi. fl npocTo noBTOpK). mMw He 
3HaeM. KTO 3TV1 espbiBbi opraHHaoean. ho uu coaepmeH- 
Ho To^Ho awaeM, kto mx Mcnonb30BaJi». 3to cnoea H3 
cTBTbH fneCa flaBnoBCKoro «3a HeHMSHweM PeiixcTa- 
ra», HsnticaHHOM □ eapbisax e mockobckom werpo 8 
fiHBapfl 1977 roj\a. Tor^a, no ropflM^u cneABM, awypHa- 
nMCT» BuKTop Jlyw. AOaepeHHoe nwuo KfE, cooeuinn 
3ana/^HbiM >KypHanHCTaM o npuMacTHOcm ko B3pbmy 

KAUCCHfleHTOBS. 

B TB roAbi naenoBCKHii onnoHvipoBan 3Towy niiap- 
npMMeHeHMiOTpareAMM AABaflqaTbC/iMLUHiiMneTcny- 
crn Teppop cran aecbMa 3c}}4)eKTMBHbiM MHCTpyueHTOM 
nponaraHAbi npeABbi6opHoii. tbm 6onee, hto b tom kbm- 
naHKM axTMBHo y^acTBosan n cau rne6 OnerosMM.. 

HoHeB03MO)KHOBbiiirpaTbABenpeAebi5opHbieKaM- 
naHHM c pa3HimeM B HBTbipe roAa noAOAHi^u ^ TeuMce 
no3yHroM uuaneHbKoii noSeaOHocHoA BOk<Hbi c reppo- 
pticTaMiin. KaKBfl CHa TorAa uanenbKan? 14 noneuy - 
no6eaoMOCMan? 

BoiiMy HeoSxoAnMO Cwjio cnpxxaTb. 3to h aenartn 
B re^BHirte Bcero noc/ieanero roaa, 

Teppop, paBHOKaKM Ms^hh, noHTHHeo6cyn«flanncb 
B rocyAapCTBBHHbJx h nonribHbix B/iacTRM CMM. To<4Hee. 



AfKKCBHdp '-tapxacoe - compydHux npaeoiSLuumHoao L/eHm- 



CMeHMn^cb axiiBHTbi: c co6cTBeHHo KOHctinMKTa h npo- 
5neMbi - na mx peiueHMe h yperynHpoBawHe. 

C ueueHCKMM cenapaTusMOM ({lopManitHo fiokohmm- 
nki nyTBM MapTOBCKoro pe4>epeKAyMa ia 0KTn6pbCKi^x 
BbiSopOB KaAbipoaa Hocne Bbi6opoB poBHbiM chbtom 
HbmeroHeiiSMeMMnocb kJMs'-leuMe. HMaaeenpe/ienaMH. 
^ocTaTo^Ho BcnoMHHTb A^KaSpbCKMe B3pbiBbi B EcceH- 
ryKax m e MocKBe MnH HeAaBHMit peitA QoesHKoe a ropbi 
^arecTaHa HenoHATHo, kto 3to 6bin m cKonbKo ms hmx 
ymfio, OAHaKo k HoBowy roAV <^6 yHktMToxeHMH orpnAa 
OT^manMCb. HarpaxAan cneuHasoBues caM nymH - 
Bcenpo6neMbi p,onif.Hb\ 6bjjiM ocraibcn b npomnoM roAy! 

He nony^kinocb. 

Tenepb b uenrp o6cy)KfleHMn anoBb acnnbina ne- 
npiiaTHan Ann BnaAi^M^pa DyTUHa Teua 

Kpoue Toro, BwweAwuM M3-noA KOHTponn Ceprefl 
rjia3bes HcnonbSOBan TpareAnio b Merpo ann npeABu- 
SopHOM arwramiM anonne norpoMHoro Tonxa B 3toh 
cwTyauHH AeiiCTByioiAHA nonMTMK cBHsan b BwcxasbiBa- 
HHflx CBOMM nonoiKeHiieu vi ecerAa npoMfpuBaer Mapm- 
Hany TaK 6b(jno B rpy3kivi B 1989-1990 rr . Kor^a SBkiaA 
faucaxypAi^a noQeA^nceKpeTapn xounapTMH Tmbi^ TyM- 
6apMA3e. pa3en3aB HauMOHanvicTHMecKyio KcrepMio. Tax 
6bjfio H B Menne b kohub 1990-x. b nep^oA «mapMaTa» m 
nocrpoeHbin nticnaMCKoro rocyAapCTBan , KorAa AcnaH 
MacxaAOB He wor onnoHHpoBaTb aBaxxaGMTaMii. mc- 
nofrb3y3 pauHOHa/ibHwe AoeoAbi Tenepb bot onnoMeHT 
Dyri^Ha. BbimeAUJ^^ ii3-noA KOHiponn KpeMJieacKOM aA- 
MMMUCTpauHM. roBopwT TO. HTo He MOKBT cKaaaTb aeii- 
CTByoiuMH npesMAeHT. 

TaK '4T0 B MHTepecax HyrMHa 6bino 6bi cnpnTaib ao 
BbjCopOB '^e^eHCKyio aoHny m ee orra/ioCKH. 

He nojiyMH/iocb. 

3a ^eTbipe roAa b He^ne 6bin HaxonneH raxoi* 
5ara»( omneoK n npecTynnennM, hto ot nero neribss 
OTKaaaTbcn sanpocro, c noMombio cnMBontiMecKnx wec- 
TDB apOAe «M36paxiin Kaflbipoaa» virwt pasAa'^H narpaA- 

B nocneAHMC HBAen" b tjenTpe npeABbi6opHo»i 
AMCxyccMM HaxoA>^^ocb rocyAapcTBo: idcnonHHTenbHan 
BnacTb CHnoBbie CTpyxrypbi, KOTspbie HacTynatoT hb 
npasa rpa>KABH noA npeArioroM QfiecneneHMB o6LL(e- 
CTBBHHOH 6e3onacHOCTH ti 6opb6bi c reppopMSMOM Ho 6 
cteapann naM HanoMHiuiti, mto wbi iKtiseM b yc/iOBMnx 
peanbHoro reppopa. 

DoAno/ibHaR TeppopncTii4ecKan ceTb, AeiicrByK)- 
Li4an a Poccmm, - ne BWMwcen, a AeiiCTBMTenbHOCTb. Ho 
«Baxxa6nTbi» - peniirM03Hbie SKCTpeMncTbi h Teppopuc- 
Tbi-SbrnMBMeHHetiaaeenpeAenaMMMTpvi, ^nnibneT 
HaaaA. OAHaKO «iuaxMACKMH» reppop a era naneciMHc- 
KOM BapHSHTe passepHy/icn y nac ntiaib a nocncAHHe 
roA-nomopa. 

bwcTpo ocraHOBHTb Teppop B Poccnn Tenepb. no- 
xo>Ke, He yAacTcn Aawie npH 6onbujOM xenanHH m pasyM- 
Hoti TaKTMxe, H Aeno TyT eosce ne b MewencKOM peanbHo- 
CTH, a B Haiueii oSmeii poccwi^CKOM fletiCTBHTenbHocTw. 



wvwkartaoffl 



14 



^ BOlillA M nPfleA 1E/DBEKA 



Bo-nepBbix, Koppynuvitt. HtiHeuiHtie hslum cH/ioebie 
CTpyKTypw TeppopMCToa ociaHOBHTt. He Horyr, kbk hx hh 
yctinMBaii, HTo5bi h3 HeHHH ^epea Kfin (iKaBKa3-1» 5e3 
AOCMOTpa 14 npoeepKi.1 aOKyuem-oB Bbiexana MaujMHa c 
niOAbMVI, flOCTaTOHHO npeflfaRBMTb «0opMy Nb 50» - 
nnTbaecflTpy6ne^. Cnnomrian npoBepKa AOKyMeHTOB y 
Bcex «noA03pMrenbHbi*i> HMu wieT B M0CKO8CKOM Merpo 
nocTORHHO, no reM »te {m/im HeMHoro 6onbiuiiM) pacuen- 

KSM 

Bo-BTopbix, rpoM3Bon.JlocTaT0MHOCKa3aTb, wroaa 
nocTieAHMe roAbi b Me'^ne Mc^esriM - e ockobhom. 6bln^f 
yeeseHbi «HeM3BecTHbiMii nnuaMM b KaMy{}}nn)K»ioti 0op- 
Me. nptiexaBuiuMii xa 6poHeTexHiiKe» - 6onee Tpex tw- 
cn4 ^enoBeK. Ceubfl. kbk npaawno, aajne ne MOrna cnpa- 
BMTb Tpayp no MCMe3HyBiiieMy. To ecn. oh octaBancn 
BeMHWMHanoM^HaHMeMAnflpoACTBeHHMKOB TaHC03Aa< 
BanM MCTMTenew - «Mo6nnn3ai4MOHHbn.i pesepaw !\nft 
TeppopHCTHMecKoro noflno/ibn PocckiiicKne cneucn/JK- 
6bJ 3T0, Ka)KeTCn. noHMMauT. do cnoaau Ha^a/ibH^Ka 
yoCB no "-le^He, nocne TepanroB npomnoro nera na^a- 
/iH 6paTb Ha saMeTKy poACTeeMHUKOB Mc^eaHyBiuHx w 
y6MTbix. Ho uDiKHo nn ycneAHTb 33 TbictmauM? 

HaKOHeu, 6e33aK0HMe. M3HacHnoBaHkiF4 b HeMhe 
Kocvinti. naAO AyMBTb, oThioAb He aannaHiipoeaHHoiM. 
HO, TfiM He wenee, Maccoewii xapairrep, CKOnbKo «eH- 
mHH cTanH B MeMHe NcepTBaMH HacHnbHUKOB 3a roAbi 
«3a4ncTOK» - HenaaecTHo. nponaeuinx noAaiOT aana- 
neHHn a npOKypaiypy, o nacMniiH - npaKTMMecKM Hwnor- 
fla. HBanTbwepTBHayHeT^CBHMxaKHecMo^eT Mexay 
TCM 3TO TO)Ke KaHAHASTbi B MCTMTenH, H Aaxte 6onee 
peLUMTenbHbie. 

Ho TO - rocyAapcTBo. A mu. rpa>KflaHe' 

rioxoNce, Mbi 3a6b.inii npo pearibKOCTh m noBepH/iM 
CKasKaw. B Poccmh cnownnocb oiuyiucHne (craparenb- 
HonoAnep»(MBaeMoeBracTbK>),6yflTonpo6neMaTeppo- 
pii3Ma pemena — 330ai<o c nHKBHAauweii He^eHCKoro 
cenapaTvi3Ma. 

rioxOTKe, BspbiB e earone uerpo 6 ct}eBpanfl cran 
flnfl MOCKsuweii nonHofl HeowMAaHHOcrbio. 

rio'^eMy'' Benb. Ksaanocb. ippaabiii cmucji noACKa- 
3biBan nocne saxeaia sanowH^KOB na J!ly6poBKe. B3[>bi- 
BOS B TyiiiHHO. Ha iBepcKOM-^MCKOM H Ha ManeMthioM 
noBTopeHMe '^ero-To noAo^Horo a MocKse 6onee "^bm 

BepORTHO, 

Bee paBHO He jwiann. MojKei 6biTb, noTOMy. 4to b 
Merpo rM5/in caMwe hto hm na ecTb npoctbie /iwah, a Ha 
Mm3iiKJibi M KOHuepTbi xoflBT «6oraTeHbKiie» . noanBt* 
Mbicnb, Ho...eeAbTOHHOTaK>KeAyMaioTo«3a>KpaBuiMxcn 
MOCKBHiax" MHorwe natuii cooTeHecTBeHwuKM, 

B MCTpo exanti Tantie >xe oSwxMOBeHHbie /iioam, KaK 
^ B ajiBKTpMHKe, s3opBaHHoA 5 AeKa6pn e EcceHryvax 
Taw T0)«e norM6no 5onee nBTHflecn™ MenoseK. Ho lyr e 
BOcnptiHTnn ywe csaaancH «MocKOBCKMii cenapaTH3M»; 
3T0 Bce AaneKO. y hhx. na KaBKaae... 

npaBAa, B ceHTq6pe 1999-ro, KorAa HMenwo «npo- 
CTbie /iiOflMM rn6nii b jKn/ibix Aowax BywHaKCKa, MocKBb( 
v\ BonroAOHCKa. mojkho 6bmo noHHTb: «9MecTe mm pyc- 
cxHen. 6eflHwe m 6oraTbie, ane aasMcuMocTM ot aTHWHec- 
KOfi npHHaAnewHOCTH h wecra wnTenbCTBa. - m xaxvibiM 
H3 nac MOJKer craTb MniueHbw Teppopucra. 

BoT TOJibKo JKanb, hto roraa, oceHbio 1999-ro, poc- 
CM^cKoe oSiAecTBD oTKasanocb BKfiioMHTb b 3to uBMec- 
Te» jKHByinMx B MeMHe. OmyriiTb mx nioAbMH. Ho cyrw, 
TaxHMM )Ke xcepTBauK leppopa. 



Bee 3T14 roAbi BoiiHa uina npti Haujeu Mon'^anfBOM 
cornackiii. bo bchkom c/iyHae -6e3 saMeiHbix B03paiKe' 
HHiiMama^eroBeMecKororopflnepencnHnnacb Ma nee 
■^epns/i^ M3Tcpbian opraHtisaTopbi reppopa. Tenepb naff 
eepHynocb nauie Mon^aHwe. 

PocciiiicKoe o5inecTBo ceroann HaxoflMTCB noA 
ABOiiHbiM npeccoM. C oahoh cropoHbi - reppopucTbi. C 
ApyroS - rocyflapCTBO. nbn M6opb6a c TeppopoM» 6o- 
nesHb oTHOAb He neniir, HOycyrySnner. rio oraenbHoc™ 
3TM ebi30Bbi BCTaBBrm repefl o6ii(ecTBaMii pasHuxCTpaH. 
P,Baau3Tbivi seK ocTaexiJi nau a pa3H0^ creneHH ycnem- 
HbiH onbiT npoTMBOCTOflHMn TOTariHTapHOMy rocyAap- 
CTBy. EcTb A coBpeMeHHbie npHMepbi n(m3hm - ue Bbi>KH- 
BaHHfl! - B ycnoBiARx reppopa MapriiHanbHoro. Hau npeA- 
ciOHT pemaTb abc 3th aaaaMH cpaay - h ao. m nocne 

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HoHHoft TCAetJjoHHhift 3BOHOK: yMep MapeK Hobhi;- 

KHft.., Mu He MOPAH. He XOTCAH noBepHTb, KHHyAHCb K 

HHTepHery. 3to npaBA^. Ksk yAap. K.aK [ipHruBop... 

Aah Hac MapeK 6biA He npocTO Ko,\.\eroH, pyxoBOAH- 
xeAeM eBponeHCKOH npaBoaaiUHTHofl opraHHsauHH. Oh 
OMA APVrOM M VMHTEAEM. 

Ero AeKiiHH, HeBepoHTHo apTHCTHiHbie, 3aBopa»HBa- 
ah; o6pa3H0, toiho, noHSTHO. MapeK pa3Mbiui.\HA, 5ece- 
AOBaAcaMccoSoHiic Ka«AUM. Em KjpHxeAbHhie rpySKH 

C 5eCi!HCAeHHblM KOAHileCTBOM KaKHX-TO KHCeTOB, UIHO- 

<iHKOB H luoMnoAOB... Ero Ta.AaHT noHHTb .Moeoro B3i.epo- 
iiieHHoro aKTHBHCxa H3 caMOH A^AbHeii pecnj-SAHKH... 
Oh, oaiih H3 caMtJX hsbpctiimx PBponeflcKHX 3KcnepToB 
no npasaM leAOseKa, BcerAa HaxoAHA BpeMfl aas BCTpe"! 
c BXOADKaMM" M3 PoccHM, BeAapycH, KasaxcxaHa, Ky5ti... 
Hepea BapuiaBCKyKi AerHioio h shmhiok) iiiko.\u no 
npaBaM leAOBeKa, coBAflHHbie MapexoM Hobhukhm h ero 

KOA\eraMH, npOIUAH COTHH aKTHBHCTOB H3 MHOPHXCTpaH. 
MHOPHe H3 HMX AO BCTpeiH c MapeKOM MMeAH BecbMa 
CBoeo6pa3Hfaie npeACTasAeHMH o npaaax leAOBeKa... 

...YxoA "3 »:m3HH Aioooro qeAOBCKa — TH5Ke.\aa yrpa- 
Ta. HoecTfaAKJAH.y'XOAKOTopbixnpocTo MeHsexoKpy^a- 
ioiiihA MHp. OGpaayexcfl 6pemb, Koxopyw He 3anoAHnxfa. 
Ho ocxaioxca KHHrw, cxaxbH, BHAeo(t)HAbMbi, OcxaiOTCH 
yieHHKH. H AoSpaH naMHXb o tom BpeMenii, KoTOpoe 
noAapHAOcqacxbeApyKHTbcTdKHM norpHcaiomMMieAo- 

BeKOM. 

ripomaH, MapeK, Mbi HHKorAa He 3a6yAeM xeoa. 

Peganniui JnypHOAa xKapma" 




MapeK HOBHUKHH 



MapeK HoBnuKWH - ctmaMK-aTouiitHK no oGpaaoBa- 
HMio, s 1972-1981 rr. paSoxa/i HactanynbTeie MaTewaTH- 
KM H tJiMsnicM BapujaacKoro yHMBepCHTera. 

B uieCTHflecflXbix roflax 6bin oflnnM m3 ocHOBaTe/ieii 
CTVAeH'HeCKoroa/ibnMHbi3MaBnonbLue,a no3)Ke-npea- 
ceaaTeneM cPe/iepau^M aKaAewi^HecKkix anbnMHHCTCKHx 
Kny5oB H HneHOM npaaneHHB rio/ibcitoro coioaa arbnu- 

HMCTOB. 

B 1980-1981 rr. - aKTuBHCT HeaaaiicuMOro caMoyn- 
paanneMoro npottjcoosa (iCorMAapHocTb» b pernoHe 
MaaoBuie - pyKOBOflmenb komhccmm no neperOBOpaM, a 
nosAKee - pynoeofiHTenb rpynnw no xexHH^ecKovi opra- 
HMaaukiM 3KI4MM nporecxa. OprauMSOSbiean h pyKOBOA^n 
ynH<HHbiMvi aeM0HCTpau^nui4, saHt^Mancft noArorcBKoti 
nnaHOB saGacroeoK. 

Bo epeun BoeHHoro nonoiKeHhin Sun MMxepH^po- 
saH. CpoK OTObiaan b jiarepnx b BenojieHKe. 3aneH)Ky v 
B Kiienuax-nncKax. 

B 80-x roflax, nocne ocB060)KfleMnn. Mapetc Hobhu- 
KHM ocHoaan noflnonbHyK) Tnnorpa(pv\Ki aHeiiTpdHOu 
Bbm rnaBHbiM pe/iaicropOM nojjnonbHoro e>Hei(B3pT3nb' 
HMKa «npaBonopn/iOK. FtMCbMa o npase h 6ecnpaBki»i». 
rfle ny6nnK0Bajic« nofl nceaflOHUMOM sMaHB. 

B flSRaSpe 19S2 roAa 6wn oahi«m "3 coaAayenew 
noflnofibHoro XenbctiHKCKOro KoMHTBxa b rioribiije. Bw/i 
coaBTopoM nepBBix oxHexOB XenijCHMKCKoro KoMHTexa o 
HapyiueHHox npaa ki cbo6oa >4enoBeKa a DHP. KOTopue 
aanee nepeaaaanMCb b OBCE riocne ^E^aeHH»t KOUMy- 
HMSMa 8 rionbiue^neHbi XenbCHHKCKOro KoMHxeia ocho- 



BanM XenbCviHKCKHii Ooh^ no npaeaM nenoBeKa b 
(loJibme. Mapew HosiiLtKMM Boar/iaannn Oqhh c 1990 
roAa B HacTonmee Bpewti XenbCMHKCKviM I^oha no npa- 
BBM '^enoBcxa nannercn oa^om ii3 caMbix onbiTHbix H 
npocJieccnoHanbHO fleMCTByiom«x HenpaBHTenbCTBen- 
Hbix opraHtoautiM a Espone 

MapeK HoBMUKMii MMoroKpaxHo npnanenanca b kb- 
■HecTBe SKcnepia b oSnacTM npae HenoaeKa wexAyMa- 
poAHbiMvi opraHtiaaubiRu^. janAuvi xaK OBCE, OOH. a 
TaKJtte KOwnccuFiMn o6enK nanar nonbcxoro napraweH- 
Ta. Bbin coaeiopoM wXapTnw npaa m CboBqaw, Koropan 
OKasana HeManoeax<Hoe sniinHiie Ha noribCKyio Kohcth- 

TyuMKl. 

MapeK HoBkiuKnM Sun asTopoM MHOrOH^cneHHbix 
ny6nMKauHiS m CLieHapnea $nnbMOB no ncxopnM vi (Jjhjio- 
co0niinpaa4ejioBe»;a,oflMiiMii3co3AaTeneMo6pa3OBa- 
TenbHwx nporpah^M rt, npewfle Bcero, npeKpacHUM nsK- 
xopow MapeK 6bin kiKMuiiaTopoM LijMp0K0MacuJTa6HDH 
o6pa30BaTe/ibHoii aenTenbHOCTM b oOnacTH npae 4eno- 
Bexa, co3AaTeneM LUko/iw npae yenoBSKa Xe/ibCHHKCW- 
roOoHfla. OHBfloxHOBnnnMnoAAepMMBanABMweHweno 
saiuHTe npaa MenoaeKa BaBTOpMTapHbix rocyAapcxBax vi 
B HOBbix AeMOKpaTMflx, a oco6eHHOcri4 e Ronbuje v\ 
CTpaHax BbiBiuero CoBSTCnoro Coioaa. 

flovxH AO caMoro kohub cBoew>KM3HM MapeK Hoarni- 
KMki 6e3 ycrajiH e3flMri c ncKUMqwn no Poccmm, CpeA"ei* 
A3WM ^ KaBKaay. M Gnaroaapfl CBoewy TanaHxy n xapwa- 
Me cyan ctiMBonoM MupHOM 6opb6bi 3a aocxommctbo h 
npaaa Me/ioaeKa 



VfWVKAfUorg 



II 



^ nPABA lEMBEKA 




- rocnoduH HoeuuKuu. BaM cny/a/iocb 8 lUKone 
dpambcf!. ecmynaacb 33 «030-mo' 

- ripHMepHbiM peSeHKOM n He 5bm. Hao6ocoT, co 
MHOft 5iiino HeMa/io npo6neM. fl 6bin CTponxMBbiM. Hwen 
co6cTBeHHoe MucHwe. R roBopio o KonLje HaMantHOki 
ujKonbi M n»mekicKi4x roaax. BbinycKHbie SKsaueHbi n cflan 
B 1 966 roAy 

- A Bbi 6binu OecnoKOUMbiM peCeuKOM monbKO a 
uiKOne unu doua mo>Ke? 

- rraBHWM o5pa30M, e ujKone. R HenaBnaen npMKa- 
3b>, sanpcTbi me cnoain ropasflo nerMe, xots vi c 3thm 
TO)«e 6binM npoS/iBMbi R 6biji oi-ieHb HaHMTaHMwM pe- 
6eHK0M. Mman Bce noapBfl: or Kapna Maw b rpeTbew 
wiacce flo >KepoMCKoro h Bmcropa Fioro b hbtom. Mw 
»(Mnii Torfla c poanTenflMM noa BapiuaBOM. Otcu Sw/i 
npD(|)eccopOM 3/ieKTpoTBXHH4ec«oro HHCTMryTa. R 
nonbSOBancfl AByMB 6K6nMOTeKa«n: OflHoii nacTHoS, 
(tOTopOM pyKOBOflMna npeaeoeHHaa aaMa, raw 6bino 
MHOJKecTBO KHur, HAPyrOM, KOTOpyra npnaoBun k mbm paa 
BHeflenK)5n6niiOTe4HbiMaBTo6yc ^WTanMHOrocrnxoB. 
Ha KOTopbie y mbhb 6bina oMenb xopoman nauRTb Mro 
MMeno HeKOTopbie nocneflCTBMa. 

nepBbmpaaMeHR.BnopnAKeHaKasaHHn. nepeBenM 
W3 oflHoro itnacca s Apyow Ha ustonbttoii nwHeiSKs, e 
OTBer AnpenTopy. KOTopwi^ saniiTan cnwcoK mohx rpexoe 
M cnpocM/i, MMew nM a wTo-KM6yflb cKaaarb, h npoflenna- 
Mwpoaa/i: «nycKaw roAawn oTflromeHHwii /CKnomincn 
crapeu. ycTaancb b seMnto. /noTyxmiiM asopoM eflaa 
oStewnfi/ Mhp oMpaneMMbiiiM (AdaM MuuKeeu^ "Ode k 
Monodocmun, 1820 s flepeeod Haena AnniOKOiJbCK03o 
- PpuMnep ) B H3ManbHoii uiKone Menn HecKontKO pas 
nepeBoflnnn v\3 Koacca b itnacc. b cpeAwew ujKone - 
TOMB. B flecHTOM ocTaeMTiH wa BTOpoiS roa c ABOiiKOki no 
MareMaTHKe. b nepaoM ceMscrpe n CHOBa cxaaTii;! abom- 
K^ no MaieMaxiiKe m no (pu3v\Ke, m mom y^itTBJib CKasan 
MHe, 4T0 ft - HAHOT. R o6iviencn m b tom M<e rofly cran 
naypearoM onMMnnaAw no {})M3HKe. nony^mi npaso no- 
crynarb 6e3 sKaaMenoB a yHMsepCMTeT Ha 0aKynbTeT 
MareMaTHKM k {^mshkm 3to. b kbkom-to uepe. noBnnnjio 
Ha BbiQop Moeii npo^ieccMH 



~ A omxyda e BaiueO mushu esftncst 3nbnuHU3u'> 
-AnbnMHH3M yaneKan wenn cpaHHew ohocth. Kor- 
AaMHe5bino 14, n. npn6aenBce5enapyneT.3ariicancfl 
B ujKO/iyanhnMHMCToa b BbiconoropnoM Kny6e. rioTOM n 
Biye MHoro paa 6bin BbiHy)KAeH cKpbiaarb ceoii eospacT. 
BoT a wae p cAaio BhinycKHbie axaaMeHbi, 4to ne Swno 
cnowHOAnf^enoBeKa, KOTopwi* ywe rnnen itnponycKn b 
By3 M K TOMy xe 5fain BbinycKHWKOM annTapnoro jmuen, ii 
nepeAo unoii acTaer ak^smmb: ocraTOK uan, MiOHb i^ 
Monb roTOBHTbcn b MucrMTyr (a Mwe KOTenoct h na 
ncMxonorHK). m na ropMAHMecKMCi, xOTn poAnienH cnnTa- 
/iH, 4T0 3TM npoc|)eccvin HenpecrnjKHbie) ... 

~Mbi zoeopuMO noflbiue epeuen roMynxu... 

- . . unu noexaTb a ropbi ti naawTb aw ao ceHTnepsi. 

- nepBbiu ypOK zpaMdancKOzo HenoeuHoeeHua 8w 
uodPu nony^umb a uapme SS-so? . 

- B Moew WMSHH 6bino TpM npHcrpacrno, ocTantHoe 
yxoAHno Ha aaAHHfi nnaH Depabiu 6bm aribn^HtisM, h n 
noflMMHfln 3T0My ece y mbhh Sbino necKonbKO peKopa- 
Hwx BOcxojfyteHniii, h aywaKi, c Bnec HemTopbiti BunaA b 
pasBMTue nonbCKoroanbHMHkOMa. 

<. > BTOpbfM npMCTpacTHBM 6t.ina tfcmHKa, Tperb- 
ii\u - npasa /ihmhoctm, 3atu*^Ta npasa ■^e/ioBBsa SwTb 
co6oM.3aiuMTaHenoBTopMMocrMKa)«floron3nioAeiS. 3th 
MOH yare'^eHun cneAOBann oflHO 3a apyrviM, o503Ha4a« 
Tpn nepHOAa Moe/ )f(H3HM. 

Bo3Bpaiuaracb k aonpocy o wapTe 68-ro. R TorAa 
6bi;i AB^rex ot nonnrMKn h 061146 CTBewMbix flfin; >Knn 
ropBMW, Hai^HHan wwTb <J)M3HxoiS. R BOcnKTweancn e 
AOMe, KOTopwM crapancn Aep)«aTbcn noAanbiue ot wwpa 
nonnTHKM 0Tei4 roBopnn. hto nopora Hamero aomb He 
nepeciynan hh oa^» 4Jien DOPn B MapTe 68-ro n, 
KOHe^Ho, npuHHMan y^^acTHe 8 ynHBepcuTeTCKoi* saSac- 
TOBKe, HO He AO KOHija noHMMan. hto npoMcxoAHT hb 
cawoM flene. DoHMMan, ito mu npaabi. 11 TOJibKO Bpewn 
CTMpasT 3M0UHM, HO o sanoMHUJi Ty 3a6acT0BKy kbk mto- 
To o^enb paflocTHoe. yeneKarenbHoe. C Haww bmbcts 
6acTOBann accMCTeHTbi cHamerodJaxy/ibTeTa. Mbi wrpa- 
/i« Ha THTapax. n BCTpe'4ancfl co cBoeti noApyroiS - ona 
y^H/iacb Ha nononHCTHKe .. 



■KAPT*- 1*38-40 20W 



4 



PRD MEMOniA 



19 



- Ho nomoM wawa/JuCb apecmw. nocbinenucb npu- 
aoaopbi. Umo Bbi masda dyManu7 4mo nonumuKB - 
eeuib omepamumenbHaa u ny^iue 00 KOH^a )KU3nu sanu- 
uambot aopauu u 0U3ukoO? 

- Her, Ha rpexbeM Kypce b noanncbiBan npoTecTu, 
pacKTieiiBaji fiHcroBKH c oiuyuieHneM, ^ito 3to - mob 
o6n3anH0CTb, hto Tan Haao. Mower, cbirpana ponb bto- 
pan ceueMHan tpsai^Umi' OTeM5i>mo(^iiL(epoM pasacA- 

KM ApMMM KpaiiOBOH, /MaCTBOBBn B SapmaSCKOM BOC- 

craHMH, o5d z^e/^a mosm ruaMbi &bin HananeoHOBCKMMki 
rsHepanauM. yMacTHHKaMM HoB6pbCKoro eoccTaMWH 
Oamh m3 hmk &bin npki3haH nyvujMM. ^pyroii - xyALUHM 
reHepanoM BoccraHHfl ?l nponcxojity oTioro, xyfliuero 
Korfla a tbk roaopKi. moh MaMa o^eHb cepHHTCc. 

- A 4mo Sbino dns Sac nepenoMMtJtA MOMewmoM' 
Boccmanue «ConudapnocmuB'^ 

- HeMHoro panbiue. Mon cy/ibSa cnowMnacb raK. 
HTO B ocTancfl pa6oTaTb b BapmaacKOM yHMBepcmere. 
cneunamsMpoBsrcn b axcnep^iMeHTanbHoi^ naepHOA 
cl)H3M)ce Bo BTopoM nonoBUHS 70-x « Haflonra yexan b 
MHCTMiyrnflepHbixMccjieflOBaHHMBflybHy. MccneflOBa- 



MappK HoBHUKH*},- "...Mhp noTOH/ToOpa, jib™- 
lou/eracff ememteoHtJM ontiroM .iioaed. 3fio. aeune a 
xecTOKoe apeMft, ecTb vro-TO HCK/noiMreibnoe. Ma- 
lepH nio6!n- CBOMX nereSi. cynpym apyrapyra. moan 
cnomatnio iiesXBOnfrr cnenoro lepes aopory, noMO 
r^aoT npi/rnpyry n. CBoSoanne OTarpeccmi. repiiH- 
MO OTHOCiTTca K cyuiecTByiomnH Meauiy hhuu pasmitu- 
KM. 

^To 70K oveBHdHO, TTO Mbi H€ fiepcijacw cneuH- 
a/TbHo ce6e TaKHX CBeaeHHii. t^k xe nan m He nncpap- 
MHpysM apyrnpyra. vto noaie ho^h Hacrynii/i neta. 
Mbi roBopnM o6 nciviio^iTTe/ibHbix (^ktax - y6»ii- 
CTBax. itaMenax. BOiiHax. cnvtMUHbix 6eaCTBiinx. no- 
TOMy vro c hiimh acrpe^sioTCtt rontxo HeKOTopue us 
Hac H eauHcmeHHo s reveHM« amoro MOMefrra s 
Macun^ade MajioiTMeMMOMiiofiptrfi otfwaeHMocTi>*o «M3- 
mi. Hac aaxBamaaioT peniaie, BbobiBdiouiiie crpax 
coCwTMB. He3HaKOMue h^m m3 coficTBeHHoro onura. 

M ran, ;«MBff s ao6poM caere. e ochobhom mjj 
no/iywaew nnoxne hobocth, •ipedMepHOCTb Koropbix 
aerpopMHpi.VT era o6pa3. FlosTOMy ctoitt xoth 6ti s 
Te^ehne ooHoro ana b rony cocpejoTVHmbot na 
xopouiMX HuBocrnx. Bepnyn, nowciTHyBuaiecM npo- 
nopaiiH n paaocn, orroro, vro kto-to nodemin pax. 
KTo-To nofiy^nn noBbimenne. kto-to co BsanMHocnjo 
aTC>6n/icH, a 6e3aoMHba'i kotbhok Hatue/i onenvnoB. . . • 

Xfiv7bCHHRcRHH 'Powt iio npffSMi •le/ioBeiu. 
h tlp/za'tuuT. hjhrpol. ivaw.pl 



HMH B oOnacTM n;]epHQfl ct)M3MKn o^eHb flopoms, oflHOMy 
rocynapcTBy ohk hc noa cuny. CrpaMbi SanaaHoiii Eapo- 
nw coBMecTHo coflep>KaT mhcthtyt CERN, a ann KOMMy- 
HMCTH4ecKoro 6iiOKa raKMM mhcthtytom 6wna J3y5Ha. 
OrnpaBnHflCb ryaa. n ywe nennoxo snan pyccKwiS, koto- 
pbMyMi4n.KaKBceuoenot!oneHL4e. HsnecHax OKyAJKasbi. 
rann^a. BbicouKoro. B flySHB b coBepujBHCTBOaa/iCB b 
nsbiKe, n B KOHLie kohliob bo mhb crano TpyflMO pacn03- 
Haib MHOCTpaHua. K 3roMy n eme BepHycb. 



Mbi MHoro pa3roBapnaa/i/ c coaercKHMM KOnnera- 
Mn-ctJti3viKaMw, » BbixoflMjio, "^To y Hac noxowwe BsrnBflw 
HaaeiicTBHTenbHocTb.MbinoHHManMapyfflpyra.Ho3TO 
Bne^aTjieHkie saKaHHMBanocb xoraa Bzipyr mom poccmm- 
CKHe KonnerM na^]AHanv\ roeopMTb LUTaunaMi4 v^3 nepe^o- 
BMu coaeTCKMX raaer - 3tot xopoiuo SHaxoMbiw aaroMa- 
T113M oreeroB n oyenoK. fl 3Toro hb Mor noHSiTb •^to. 
enepa ohh hb 6ofinM0b, a ceroanji - 6oaTcn? Mower, aio 
oiun5Ka, HO B Toraa peiuM/i, hto y hhx hto-to apoae 
LJM304)peHMM. HTO B ronoeax y hhx cMflHT flotaop Umb- 
Kkinn rt MucTep Xaiu (Fepou xHuau Podepma Pbiouca 
CmueewoHa «CmpanHoe npouctuecmeue c doxmopou 
HnteminnoM u uucmepou XaudoMu. Oh npoeodum 3kc- 
repuueHm. e pB3ynbmame xoinoposo npeapautaemcp a 
MemuiiHy XeneH Xaud. B o6nuKe XeneH on He noMHom 
mozo. <4mo denan donmopoM XixeKunnoM. uHao5opom. 
- npuM nep.) n 4TO o6e 3th ponn -niofleii ^yecTBHTenb- 
Hbtx M flywaiouiiix h niofleii. ncnon(>3yiomnx K/imue xom- 
MyHncTMMecKoro BocnnTaHM9 - OflMHanoBo eciecTBeH- 
Hbi fljin Hi^x Ohh Mornn nnasHo nepexoflMTb m3 oflHOvi 
poTiH B flpyryio. 3to Menu nopa«ano 

- Bbi odiuanucb c ptodbuu He monbxo e Bydne? 

- KoHs^Ho. Haw pa3peujajiocb nepe/iBMraTbcn b 
pa/(Myc6 10 xnnOMerpoB ot flySHw, Bea cneuManbHoro 
paspemeHun momho Shho cecTb b noeia flo Moaow, 
npasfla. aanpemanocb BbixoflMTb Ha npoMeJxyTOHMbix 
cranuHflx. CBo6oaHoro epeMeHw y ueHn 6bino aoso/ibHo 
MHoro: 4To5bi nonyHMTb flocryfi k paOore Ha ycKopHTe/ie, 
HywHo 5bino xmarb HHoraa ne oahh wecflu, o6pa5oTKa 
pesynbTaroB sKcnepHweHTOB flnwnacb Heaento-flBe. no- 
TOM cHOBa aonrao o^epeab hb ycxopHtenb. . . A mhb Swno 
HHTepecHO, HTO npOMCxoflHT BOKpyr, w n aoBonbHO mhoto 
esflMn — M c paspeujemia enacTSM, m 6e3 

?1 KyrMn ceSe pyccKnii Benocnnea, ofleaancn b 
pyccKwe ujMOTKH, caflM/icfl b noesA. floe3»an ao xaKoiS- 
HMSyab CTaHLjun h exaxi na Benociineae tyaa rnasa 
rnnan^. Pa3roBapKBa/i c o6bi'^HbiMn nioabuti. ^ yBM/ieD, 
BO ^To cnocoSeH npeBpaiMTb kommyhhsw - mhom. hcm 
Mbi shann B rionbiue. - HenoBexa. He MocKBH4a ww 
jieHMhrpaaua b nceBaoMOflnoM xocnoMe, a jKMTenn mb- 
TieHbKoro 3anne8aHHoro ropoa^a Khmpw, hto b 150 
KHnoMBTpax dtMockbw. 

Koraa n yesxan m3 flySHw. n nOMHMa;i. mto ponvMH 
HTO-TO cflenaTb c tbm 3HaHneM, KOTopoe npiio6peji. A 
Bce. i^To 6bino noroM, - 3to, a npHMqune. c^acinwaoe 
CTe4enne oScTosTenbCTB. 

- Koaoa Bbi eepnynucb e Ponbiuy? 

- B naMane 80-ro roaa noriHbiM xoaow yme aeiS- 
CTBOsana KOR-oaciian onnoaiiuMB, b KOTOpoii 0Ka3a- 
/locb MHoiKecTBo uoMx apyseii v\ no afibnMHiisMy, vt no 
cfcusHKe. n Bouien b STy cpeay Kan 6yATo c pa36era, m 
<^ifl3v\Ka cTaHOB^nacb ann wenn Bce uenee saxtHOM H 
saHflncfl perMOHOM Maaoaiue. pasbuCHnn na aaaoABx. 
HTOiaKoe «CornflapHOCTb», pa6oTa;i b nocpeaHUMec- 
KO^KOMnccuM. KOTopan noMoranapeiijaTbcnopwBHyTpii 

npO0COIO3OB, ti OaHOBpeueHHO - QpeMH 6blJ10 TBKOe- 

pyKOBOaMfi TexHn^^ecKo^i noflfOTOBKoii axuHii nporecra: 
opraHHsauiiefi yniiHHbix uanwiiecjaum. 3a5acT0BOK vt 

T-a 

- A ade Bbi eceuy amoMy nay^unucb? 

- Mu ace roraa y^Mji^cb MonnHeHOCHO. y mbhr 6bin 
3HaKOMbiM aribnuHHCT - no/iKOBHMK cneuHaaa, HcnoaeK, 



KOR -• Kctiiumefn aaujumb/ pa6ovux IKomitet Obrony 
Rabotniktif/) 



»«>■ *•«» ofo 



H 



4 ni>ABA HEilOSEKA 



6w He HaseaTb ero hmr.,, 36biiiieK Cko^h/irc. Tsk sot, 
35biiuKa yaneKa/ia, b ^ncne nponero, mctophh yriM'^Hbix 
cpawBHiiH . M He TonbKO B BoeHHOM n/iaHB. Kan 3T0 flenan 
PyflM flyMKe fRudr Dutschka [1940 - 1979], HeMemuO 
couuonos, nudep sanadHOsepMancKOso cmydeHWcmea 
e 60-70-0 33. - rjpuM nep J b 68-m. a Ka* 3T0 flenann a 
flnOHMM, B Kopee? Oh MSHflMHOroMy nay^nji. ocranbHoe 
aanno^arocb e tom, MioGbi aflanTupoeaTb stu anaHUfl k 
TorflaiUHeM nonbCuow/ieMCTBHTenbHoc™, 

- Hscman 4ac pacnnambi - 13 dexaBpR 1931-bo- 
(aaedenue e rionbine KOMMynucmuwCKUM pyKoeod- 
cmeoM eoeHHoso nonoxeHun. - Hpuu. nep). 

-flaxfepaHbuie, 12aeKa5p5i. 3a6paniiM9HBHOHbio. 
B ujTaSe «ConnflapHDCTn» pemoHa Masoeiue. OrcMfleB 
rofl B narepe juin nHTepHnpOBaHHbix, h BepnyncH b Bap- 
maacKviii yHMBepcuTeT, ho n ywe Swr rnySoKO BoeneneH 
B fleHTeribHOCTb noflnonbn. Mbi coaflaBanw XenbCHHKc- 
KuA KOMMTeT. BbicTpsMBanM ceTb c6opa MHCfiopuaukivi o 
HapymeHWdx npas nenoBena - naSi^eHMHx. ySniiCTBax m 
T.a, 3to nornoina/io Bce woe Boo5pa>KeHne m Bce Bpewn. 
B KaKoii-To mombht si nownn. ^td coBMemari. paSory b 
yHwaepcuTeTe n b noflnonbe ne yaaercfl. M b ymen us 
yHMBepCMTera. HewMOro noflpaSaTbiBari na BbicoTWbix 
paSoTax, M 3T0 Bce 

- A msfTspb Sb/, e uaeecmuoO cmeneHu. - xhuhoB' 
HUKv B HenpaaumenbcmeeHHoii opaamjaauuu. Y Sac 
ecmb ocpuc. accucmeHntbi. cexpemapiuu. BaM menepb 
cny^aemca cecmb us eenocuned u noexamb Kyda-nu- 
6ydb, KuuOMempoe 3a 50 om Bapiuaebi. -imoebi y3namb. 
itaie lyecmeyiom ce6» o6bNHbie niodu - epaMdaHB Tpe- 
mbBu Pefu (locnonumoQ? 

- Ha 3T0 HeT BpeMCHn. KaJKflbiH fleHb pa60Ta sanw- 
Maer 6onbLue ^et* nonoBHny cyroK, npairrnMecKii, 6e3 

BblXOaHblX. 

Ho KaK 6bi Haw He nponycTMTb b pasroBopB caMoro 
aajKHoro. fluaMannsyMaTbnpaBa^enoBexa.nxncTopHio, 
(J)iiinoco(l)Mio cpasHMTenhHoe npaso. Fl OTHOCHncn « 
3T0My Ka« K npot})ecDiM. noTopyra n flonsKSH nory^nTb. 
flyMaio, »<To cei^nac h 6ojibLiie lopucT vtnu 4)Mroco4), mcm 
(t>ii3HK. Bbi CKasariH «miHOBHHK». Hafleiocb, h Bce-raKH 
eiue He mmhobhuk. Menyiy npoHMM, eiue h no3TOMy o hb 
xony cnnLUKOM paciuHpsTb naujy opraHiisaunio. fl raiCKe 
Haaewcb. 4T0 MHS yaaeTCB pyKoaoflMTb 6e3 HsnmuHero 
{JjopMannsMa, 6e3 HBTKoro paifleneMnq o6q3aHnocTeii 
coTpyflHrtKoa,5e3ToroHTo6t.i3acTaBnnTbnK)flei:iBBnaTb 
TO, nero OHM HB xoTBT. Mbi onupaewcfl, cKopee, na anry- 
3Ma3M. KOrfla Ka)Kflbiii Aenaei to. 4To naflo, oflnoBpe- 
MBHHo noMoran apyr^M. aonoriHBB mx paSoiy. V\ KaxteT- 
CH. 3TO Haw vnasTcn Hama opraHMsauMa nananacbeme 
B noflnonbe. Tenepb mw CTanM npo(t>eccMOHanaMn 

- Bbi npeodpasoeanu XenbcunKcmu KOMumem e 
XenbcuHKCKuu (pond npae ^enoaeKa... 

- KoMMTeTflBViCTByeT ii ceS^ac. Hubhw aro ynpeflM- 
jiH OOHfl e KOHue 1 989 ro/ia. Mw xoTenvi cosflaib neaaBn- 
CMMyro OT rocyaapCTBa CTpynrypy. Koropan saHMMaeTcn 
oBpaaoBaHMBM u MccnefloaaHUBMH a o6nacTn npas nM4- 

HOCTH. B TO BpSMB OpHflM^eCKH 3T0 6wJ10 HBBOSMOKKO, 

ki Mbi BbiBpa/iH (JjopMy o6iiiecTBe«HOw opraHMaauHti , m6o 
BB nefiTenbHOCTb MBHee acero 6wna nomOHTponbHa 
rocyaapCTBy. XenbCMHKcxnM komhtbt cewMac aenaeT 
sasBneHMfl no cBMbiw Ba>KHbiM BonpocaM 

Korfla 6b<no ccfcpMMpoBaHo npasnTB/ibCTBO Maao- 
eeuKoro, OKaaanoct, mto nonoawHa ero ita6i"HeTa — ^ne- 

Hbl XfiflbCHHKOCOrO KOMHTBTa Mw npHHB/Irt pCLUBMHe. 



MTO HneHbi KoMHTBTa - aenyTaxbi napnawBHTa mum mm- 
HOBHMKM npaBt^TsnbCTBa - npnocTaHaaniieaiciT cboio ns- 
HTenbHOCTb B KoMMTBie Ha Bpewfl HCnorneHun rocyaap- 
CTBBHHbix cfyHKUMii. 4eujcKMe n poccHMCKMB KDn/icrw 
TaKOro peujeHHB hb npWHnfiM. Amw cHMTaeM.HTo nenbaa 
MCMorpeTb Ha pyKWM anac™ (ne HapymasT rm ona npasa 
MenoBBKa, a OHa aceraa hx, b Toii nfin whom cTeneHw. 
HapyoiaeT. vi5o TaKoaa ee npnpofla. ^awe ecnn snacTb 
CTBBHT nepea co6om 5/iarne qenn, Bceraa cyiuecTByer 
ncKyLUBHue Bbi6paTb «6onee coporKwii nyTb») m oaho- 
BpaMBMHO 6biTb MacTbKJ 3Toi* H/iacTM. To >Ke caMoe 
KacaeTCR m napnaMewTCKHx wrp, KOTopwe, no onpeaene- 
hhk), Tpe6yioT KOMnpOHMCCOB, BewepOM mw mowbm nwTb 

BOflHy BMeCTB CO CeOVIMbI ;tpy3bflMM-MHH0BHMKaMM. HO 

roBopnTb o npaasx ^enoBBKa c oflHOi* tomkh speHMn — He 

A Koraa npaBHTenbCTBo MasoaeuKoro aaKOHHMJio 
CBOO aeflTenbHocTb. noTpeSoBancn «aflanTamiOHHbiii 
nepnofl» B HBCKonbKo MBcnuea, npe)Kfl6 hbm 3H34MTenb- 
Han MacTb toh rpynnw cnoaa o6pena cnocoSnocTb cmot- 

pBTb Ha H(M3Hb BSrnnaOM riHMHOCTM. 3 we C TOMKIil 3peHMn 

nonMTMwecKOH nepcneKTUBbi. fl Aywac, mto 3to nop- 
ManbHO eCTb noftM, KOTopbieaywaiOT o tom, mto xopoLuo 
A/iB rocyflapCTBa b uenoM, m 3to flnn hmx - rnaBHoe, a 
Apyrne ayMaiOT o tom. mto xopomo and nnHHOCXM H 3ti« 
moan flonwHbi «6oKCMpoBaTbB apyr c apyrOM - ne B 
TKJpbwy caJKBTb, a ySe^KaaTb, apryMeHTiipoaaTb. M ronb- 
Ko Tax MOJKCT nonyMHTbCfl peanbHocTb b Koropoili bo3- 

MOXHO^MTb... 

- Ounoco(pcKuQ oonpoc: *4mo ecmb ocHoea npae 
4enofleK3? 

- nOMBTHC SenOBBMBCKOrO aOCTOMHCTBa, flOCTOMH- 

cTBOMoSnaflaeTM HOBopowiBMHbiii peGenOK, MOTnsTbifi 
npecTynHnK, Mojkho BbiBecrw noHHTue aocronHCTBa n3 
nOfiiennHn coTBOpeMMs HenoaeKa 5oroM no o6pa3y h 
noao6MHD CBOBMy TaKOi^ MenoaeK xpbhut aocTOHMCTao 

KBK HaCTllMKy AOCTOHMCTBa CBOSrO TBOpua. MOXHO BblBO- 

AHTb 3T0 nOHfiTMe H3 MHOfi pefiHruM HJiM 0nnoco<t)vin. Ha 
saHflTHHx Hatueii ujKonbi npas MenoBSKa sto flenanw 
/iKiflw, KOTopbie paaSMpatOTcn aaanbHeBocTOuHbix aepo- 

BaHHBX. A MOWHO BblBBCTH nOHBTMB aOCTOHHCTBa - B 3T0 

ocoOeHHO nio6nio - m3 HenoBTopnwocjM KaJKAoro Meno- 
Bet;a c ero earawoM SHannii, ero wbiiuneHMeM, ero 3mo- 
UHSMH, Ka*flbiii H3 nac - HenoBTopwMwii mukpokocm, 
OopMynMpOBKH npaa w CBoBoa, BbmoanMbie h3 3Toro 
rOMHManuB ^enoBeMecKOro aocTOWHCTaa, OMSHb noxo- 

)K*1, He3aBMCMMOOTpenHrHHMJlH<J>linOCOCtH1M, CTOnBlUSM 

y ncTOKa. Pa3nii4MB saecb BTopocreneHHw w KacaioTcs. 
B OCHOBHOM, rpaHMU npaa n cwTyaumi, b noTopbix ne- 
CKoribKO paajiMMHbix hopm acTynaroT a koh^ovikt, Tmhhm- 
Han oujHfiKa wypnaniiCToa - sonpoc v'tem 3to Bbi sbhh- 
MaeTsCb, Konb citopo y nac aeMDKpaTMB?>i. fleMOxpaTMB 

- B/iaCTb eonblUMHCTBa, TOPbXO 6onblUl1KCTB0 MOWeT 
6biTbWeCT0«MMnOOTH0UjeHHKJKMeHbUIHHCTBy.Ha3aNB- 

Tuflx B LUKone npae nenoBexa wbi npocMM cnyiuaTeneM, 
ijToebi OHM BwnHcaJiH aecBTb MepT. Han5onee bpko hx 
xapaKTepM3yioiuKx. Bceraa ocasbieaeTCB. mto cosnaaa- 
lOT y 6onbiijnHCTBa 3-4 MeTwpe nywKia, ocTanbHwa oKa- 
abiaatOTCfl a MenbiiiHHCTBe. npaaBmee BonbLUWHCTBO 
MOWBT 5biTfc BeapaaJiMHHWM v\ aayne arpeccHBHO HaCTpo- 
BHHbiM no oiHOUjeHMio k MeHbtunMCTBy. a b cyinHOCTM - 
no OTHOiiieHMio K KBJKAOMy M3 Hac. 

- TaK ace Me. •imo maKoe npaea 'lenoeeio? 

- 3to to. 4T0 orpaHHMnaaBT aojiKi BojibuiwHCTBa, 
TO, MTO np^iMO npoTHBononojKHO aeMOKpaTMi* a ae Bynb- 



■KAPTA' W38-tO 2004 



4 



PRO MEMimiA 



21 



rapHOM noMMMaHMH kbk e/iacTw SonbujMHCTBa. He MO)KeT 
6biTb laK, HTOfleMOKpamnecKM HaSpaHHuii napraMCHr 
aaerpa yrpoM npofonocyeT sa to, mtoSw abimarb m 
CTpanw Bcex ^b(^aH wnH OTo6paTb3eMniOMnM aBT0Mo6M- 
fiH y TBx. KTO nMM anaflecT. TaK aaneKo snacTb napra- 
MeHTa He pacnpocTpaHneicfl. Pe4b o tom. uToBbi 6onb- 
lUHHCTBO no3Bon!inoflOCTOiHno wuTt nioflflM c mx HHfl^^aii- 
flya/ibHbiMM ^epTawn npucymHWH MeKbiUHHcray 

- Bbi nonaaaeme. ^mo 3mo ece Kacaemca u manux 
spynn, Han souoceKcyanucmbi? 

- R fl/MaiO, 4T0 nonwTKa BWHyaMTb KOTO-TO CMeHMTb 

ceoto roMoceKcyanbhyio opueMiaunw «a rerepoceKcy- 
anbHyio 6bina 6bi nonnbiw HOHCeHCOM 3to npocTo He 
yflajiocb 5bi. h, hotom, h ne BH)»ty HUKSKCki npiwMHbi, 
ntweMy naflo 6bino 6bi BoeBSTb c roMOceKcyanncTOM, 
ecHM OH HMKoro He o5n«aeT. Mw ceii^ac HaHMHaew 
paspaSaTweatb nporpawwy noMoiuMfl/iB cTurMaTMSMpo- 
eaHHbix (uMeioLuux omKnoHBHun c mo^iKu apenuf 0606- 
iMSHHtiix couuanbNbDi omudaHuu. - Hpuu. nep.) rpynn, 
KOTopwe CTanKM9a>0TCfl co 8ceo6iunM npeapHtenbHWM 
OTHOiueHMeM K ce6e: anKoroni^Koa. HapKOMaHoa. n\op,ei\ 

C nCMXMHeCKMMH OTKJIOHeHHBMH. npOCTMTyrOK, 6e3flOM- 

Hwx. 3to KareropMn nrnfleti. oTBeprH/Tbix oemecraoM 
Ohm nacTo cranKHBaiOTcn c wapyiueHHeM npaa ^enoBflKa 
CO CTopOHbi ^HHOBHHKOB ^ c HecnpaaeanuBbiM oTHOiue- 
HMCM K ce6e o6ujecTaa. OKaaanne nowomM, Hanpuwep 
npaflOBOiii, TaKUM rpynnaw - aeno ipyflHoe OKono 15 
npoueMTOB Tex, kto o5paiuaeTCfi k Hau co cbohmh o5m- 
AaMki, — aTO ntoflM c ncwxHHecKHMH OTunoHeHUBMM. Ohh 
paccKaauBatOT uaccy MenpaBflonoflo6Hbix Hcropnti o 



TOW, KaK pa3seaK3 mfim KOHTppasaeAKa obfiyMaeT ia\ c 
nOMOoibtO cnyTHHKOB H T n. A MW BbicnyiiiHBaeM Bce STO 

OHOHb BHMMaTenbHO. m60 BOSMOXtHO. '^T0 3a TaKOM HCTO- 

pvieM KpoeTCR H3CToniiian HecnpaeejinMBOCTb 

Hy>KH0 Hesa/pBflHoe TepneHMe. i4To6fai pa305paTb- 
cn. MueeM riM Mbi;ieno co cnynaeM nctixbtHecKoro saOo- 
neBaHMfli>iHeHaHeceHnk4 3TOMyMenoBeKy. BcensMcero 
5one3Hbio, ymep6 co cropOHW rocyAapcTaeHHOii opra- 
HHsauMM v\nv\ APyrHx moAeti. 

- Mhb KaK pas 6nwKe a»anocaKCKoe nOHuuanue 
cBoSodbi u npae mi^Hocmu . . 

- KoTopoe 03HaHaeT, cKOpee, «civil libertJes". rpaw- 
flancKne cBoSoflw, new «huttian righls», npaaa '^e/iOBe- 
Ka?AMepMKaHCKiie«OTubi-ocnoBaTejiii»f)"vacmwKu/fw- 
cmumyuuOHHOso KOHeemna. paspaQontaamue u npu- 
HftBUJUe e 1 787 sody KoHcmumyuuK CLUA. - flpuM.nep ) 
cpeA>i DCHOBHbix HpaB JiMMHOCTvi Ha3biBan»i CBo6oay Ha 
nOMCK nw^iHOto c^acTbn. OpaHijyacKas peeoniOMHn flaaa- 
na HcnoeeKy npaBO na ciacTbe. 3to - ne oaho w to «e. 
0)p3Huy3bi roBopnnn: MBnactb AOfiJKHa cflenaTb weHB 
CHacTfiMBbtMH. a aMepHKanubi 3Toro ne xoTcrn. Mwe 
Towe 6nnwe 3tot. BTOpoii Tun MbimreHMn 

- fl X04/ cnpocumt,. name u3 npae Bbi cwmaeme 
caubiM enasHbJM? Mojneni Sbimb. npaeo na Gbicmpoe u 
wecmHoe cyde6Hoe pasSupamenbcmao HesaeucuubiM 
cydou? 

- 9] noHMMaio cn/iy aToro yTBep»AeHMn, ho ace 
aaBHCMT OT ypoBMH, c Koroporo mw CTapTyew. Ha onpe- 
fle/ieHHOM ypOBHe pa3BiiTMR rocyflapCTBa n KynbTypw 



II3 ny6jiiiKauiiii MapeKa HoBiiUKoro 
B Kfasere Bbi6opHeii» 



"Mbi fl ao/iry nepea mhotomm crpaHhMH, koto- 
pue noMora/TM nonaKan bo apena aosHHoro no/ione- 
MMH. CeiNac npntu/jo spenn nnarnrh 3th jo.im. H n 
He np&acTaB/iftK ce6e, ^no6bt Mbi ne 6bi/in a coctoh- 
HHH 370 cae/iaib. 8 apyrux crpaHax. nanpHnep a 
BsHrpHH, ropaaao 60/jhme 6ejKeHuea. neM y nac, h 
ona HM noMoraev. (1993) 

'Pe6eHOK B ujKO/ie ceroaHn Maxoanrcn a raKoH 
«e cmyaunM. b KaKoH 6bin rpa>KaannM flHP- Teope- 
TOveouf y Hero MHoro npaa. a npanTHwecKM - Hitna- 
KHX: 11995) 

'fltoan, KOTopbie coa&paiatOT nperrynngHHH no 
npuKasy no/fimiKOB. zie/rajor 3ro c omyuieHneM 6c3- 
HaKasaHHocTM. paccHifTbiaanHa to, wto no/inTMHn mx 
aaiumWT. M nanaiaHae. jaMe no npomenvnn who 
ntx ner, /iionefx. Koropwe y6iiBB/in no npKKSsy, Hue- 
er orpoMHoe SHafeHMc, /lia roro ■rroOw ^hhobhuku 
BCex rocy^apcTB 3Hann, vro 3a uperrynneHne. aante 
coaepmeHHoe no npuKaiy no/nrrnKa, paHO u/in 110- 
aoHO noai&nyeT naKa3aHne>: (1996) 

'MomHo BbicMensaTh nap/iaMenr, roci/aapcrao 
np}i 3TOM Moxer 6bm> BiiofiHe aeiicTBeHHbiM. Ho 
rocynapcTBO. raeHacMexaioTc»naacy/soM. -Heneec- 
noco6HO, 

PeujeHne cyna Henpe/iomno, Torna naK, cornac- 
HO KoHaeHUMH, HH Mcnommre/ibHaii, hm sanoHona- 



Te/ibHas B/mcTb, hm nponypavypa ae aaKpuTbi ana 

KpwniKM'. (1996) 

'•<PpaHuy3c>aie KpeCThnne. nporecryfi. vhhvto- 
«ajor BwpaujeHHhre hmk caMMMM npoayKThi. Ohm 
Hecyr^dbfTOK, noropbifi. fonnacb 3/ieMeKTOM npore- 
£Ta.3D<iKeHnoKa3aTb/ipaMaTH3MCHTT,'aiiHii OnaaKO 
Tpe6oBaHne. •rroCbi mo«wo 6bino aapywaTb a6iiie- 
CTBenHbifj nopmoK » neHecm 3a aro MaKaaaHHe. He 
HMeer nn^em oduiero c HeHacunhCTBetiHoft 6opb- 
6oii- EcTM 6bi Bracnt Ha 3T0 corAacn/JHCb, 3to 6uno 
6bi rn^fkiKo aMopanbHo: (1999) 

*Eaw3aKonBceBpeMiit4enneTca. ec/moHHenc- 
Hbid, a ero nHrepnpeTaunH nenpaacKaaycMW, Tanoii 
3aK0H Hapj/iuaer OasoBWfJ nptitaiMu ysaxeHUH aoc- 
TOUHCTBa /iHWHocTH. M6o TOf^a Mbi He uomeM deao- 
nacHO ri/jaHnpoaaTb Haiuy Hoi3Hb. Ha/toroBbid ko- 
dCKc, n3MeaMBuiniicfi ascariQi pa3. - spKMfi roMy 
nprnnep. fi/iaxoH aaKOH - 3to aaKOH nencnomiiiMbiii. 
HanpiiMep, htoCn noHpsBHTbCfi nsCnpaTennM, yme- 
cToioiOT HaKaaaHHji aa npecTynnetwfi, He npHhunaa 
BO BHMMaHMe BMBcniMOCTb TTOpeu. /1m6o b paMKBx 
fopbfibl C HapK0M3HHeii BBCUIKTOI Kflpa 3a /i(o6oe 
KO/IHWeOBO HapKOTMJta H OOHOBpCMeHHO rOBOpMT- 

ca. VTO 3T07 3aKo» Kacasrrn He acex. •4to pewb tiner 
TO/itKO o HapKOJiviepax. Tauaa ctnyauua y^nr npe- 
aeOperaTb n saKOHOM, h rocydapciBOM". (2003) 



Win liina org 



n 



4 nPABA lEKDBEKA 



3TO npaBO cT3H0BHTca <t)yHAauBHT3rbHbJM. BonbuiHH- 
CTBo saK/iho^eHMvi EBponei^CKoro cyaa no npasaM Heno- 
Beica xacaeTco mmghho ciarbM 6 K0HaeHL4wi - npaea Ha 
cnpaBeATiMBbiA h HeaaBMoiMbi^ cyA Bne Esponbi Hy)KHO 
noBbiuiaTb sHa^eHkie 6ofiee (pyHdaMeHTanbHbix npaB. 
iinn NeHH o^eHb aaxcHO npaeo Ha cHo60Ay cauoBbipaxce- 
HMH, KOTopoe ecTb HeMTo ConbLuee, mbm CBoBoaa cnoBa, 
3to noHSTHe oxBaTWBaeT CB06oAy cobbctm, CBo5oay 
BbipameHun wHeHkin, ceoQoAy nofiynaib h pacnpocrpa- 

HfiTb HHCt>0pMai4HO, PSHb HC TO/lbKO O TOM, MTO tttUlflfl BO 

pryw yHHSHTeneH ann tjeroBCKa, 3to npaao BB/ineTCB 
BaKHbiM HHCTpyweMTOM 3aujMTbi flpyrux npaa n cBo6ofl. 
EcjiH H3 KaKoii-To cTpaHbi AOxoflHT BecTM, HTo Taw ace B 
ronHOMnopnflKeiiBecbHapo/io6o«3eTao«AH,KaKOTua 
pOA"oro, MOJKSTe 6biTb yeepeHbi, -jto b 3T0ii CTpaHe 
jKecTOKO HapyuiaioTcti npaaa HenoBeKa. M Hao5opOT, 
ecnM B cTpane npecca kphmmt. HTonpaBmefibCTBo aopy- 
BT, MTo npoKypop — cBHHbn, M Boo5Lue, ace y*acHO. 
MowHo 5biTb cnoKOMHbiH: B TaKOH CTpaHs Hmefo Ae*i- 
CTBuienbHO nnoxoro npoii3o«rM he Mojuet. 

- S nauieu cmpaHB npecca KpuHum imo npaeu- 
menbcmeo padomaem deHb omo dud xy*e, vmo aoeH- 
ubiQ npOKypop HeiaxoHHonpcKparnun cnedcmeue u ni.d. 
'^mo wte. cnedyfi BaiueMy Kpumepuio. momho ymeepxi- 
tamb. nmo e Donbiue ece e nopadxe? 

- Her, 3to mb aKankiT. hto y hbc ece b nopfflKe, 
noTowy HTO Hwrfle a MHpe tbk Me mombt 6wTb. Ho ecnn 
npecca o5 3tom KpHi^itT, to MowHOHaaeflThCf. mto lepes 
rofl uriH Mepea n^Tb net mw penjuM 3tii npo6neMbi. 
Cmbhmtcb npaanrenbCTBo, noflBOTCB apyrwe cropHwe 
Bonpocbi, noHBflrcn MapymeHMn npae lenoeeKa b APyrMx 
o6nacTB>; Ho b ubjiom. ecnw rpnab cnpnTarb HeeosMOw- 

HO, 3T0 3HaHHT, MTO CO BpeMSHeM OHB SyflBT OTCTHpaHS. 

A Korfla ace noKpbiroMpaKOM TatiHbi, BOTTOffla-onacHo, 
CBo6oAHan npecca nnioccBo6oAHbieBbi6opbio6epera- 
lOT Hac OT caworo xyAiuero 

- Bac He ucKymaem nonumuKa? 

Mbi - anoriMTMHHbi HaKoMiiTeTe. nB<t'OHAe. V Mac 
eCTbnK)Ak^caMbixpa3HbixnoniiTmecitHXB3rnH/iOB, Tonb- 
KOMeTKKpaMHMXM — HMneBbix, HunpaBbix.MbicrapaeMCB 
MBxoAMTb KOHceHcyc, KOTOpbiii rapaHTHpyei, "^to HaiuH 
oqeHKH ctJjopMyjiMpOBaHbi c to-hkh speHiiB npaa Henoae- 
Ka, a HO at.ipa)KaK>T ^bero-xo cmoMUHyrHoro MHTepeca. 
Dpaaa nenoaexa KacaioTcn 83anM0OTnoLueHnii ana- 

CTM M nH4H0CTl1, HenOHUMaHHe 3TOrO rpHBOAUT K CKBH- 

flaribHOH TpaKToexe nonoweHHd Koncivnynvwi o tom, mto 
paapemeHo ace, hto hs aanpeiueHO sbkohom HexoTO- 
pweTpaKToaarm 3to kbk wopanbHyio BceA03BoneHHOCTb. 
A Ha camoM Aene. Kohcthtvuhh - 3T0 AOroBOp Me>KAy 
rpa»AaHHHOM vi enacTbto, perynMpyH3uiiiM wcKjiKwurenb- 
Ho ojjepy wx BaaviMOOTHomeMMM. KoHCTmyiiMn yraep^- 
flaei. HTO BnacTb ne mombt naKa3aTb weHa sa to, mto we 
5bino sanpeujeHo 3aK0H0M. A Kpowe 3Toro cyiAecrayiOT 
MOno6niaTenbCTBa,abiTeKax)inneM3TaKnxnoHBTHM, ksk 
nioSoBb, cewbn. ApytSa h t.h. Ho o6 3tiix noHATHBX a 
KoHCTMTyunn H HB AO/iWHO HH^ero rOBOpHTbcn. Tax 80T. 
B 3TOM KnKiHeBoiS Ann hsc ctt^epe oTHomeHnii /ihihoctm 
n aracTM mu CTapaeMca npuKnaAwBaTb oflny m Ty *e 
MepKy K nK)5oM BjiacTM, HesaanciiMO ot tofo. kto ee 
npeACTaanneT: uauiu Apysbs wnw Haiim BparH Mnorfla 
3T0 OHCHb TpyAHo: npuxoflWTcn, 3amnmas moAeii, koto- 
pbix Tbi He nio6MUJb. nopon oneHb He jiioSMLiJb. naTaxo- 
Baxbn co6cTBeHHbix apyseti. To;ibKo v\ Apysbn HHoma 
saxoABT cnmuKOM Aa^exo. 

Hepeeod c nonbCHoeo: fOnuft Cepeda 



- Bm 6bi;iH npeoceaaTC/ieM K/iy6a a;ibniiMH- 

CTOm, nOTOM-4>M3HKOM, a Teiwpb - npaB03aIt[HT- 

HHK. KaK nonyHH/iocb, iro y Bac b )kh3HM raiuie 
pasHbie saHiTTiUi? 

- 3to ceMeCiuan Tpanuunit. Mom oreu TOine Meww 
npcxixccnu. Cna^a/!a 6un tpusntoM, hotom saHMMa/rcH 
TexHMwecKHMM HaynaMU, ncnoM - crpon/i ycKopHre/w. 
KaKTOiibKOOHnpMxcuiM KBiiiBom;. froi/xevMeer^no- 
Tone/iarb. sm^' craffOBHjiocb cki^ho. 

- A BaM TOME cKVHO, ecfiH Bu ywe yMeere? 

- B npuHunne. aa. V Mewfl fibno HecKOTtKo 
nepaoaoB a «m3hm. CHaia/ia ft 6bi/i npocro xy/mraHOM. 
ti MOM Hynpbie poaifraTM, b KOHue kohuob, peuavat, 
vrv eaiH pe6cH0K HcnbtTbtBae r norpcCHocrb s ajpewa- 
/7HHe, TO Hdjo noGiarb ero b ropu. 0Ka3a<7Oct., xoamh 
no ropaM HOMiioro mrrepecuee, vew ataerb b naptie h 
3cUMpaTi npoxo«HX,.. 10 /iCT ropbj 6u,-iy\ masHoP 
ue/ibio B Moei'i 1KM3HM. 

- A ITO TBM 6bt/io TaKoro HHTepCCHOrO? '+TO 
Bbt TaM HCKa/IH? 

- Taw TOiiiiKO Tbi H ropw. Her KdwaodHeaHoP 
cyeni u raKoro BueuiHsro Honopa. JJoBonbHO MHorMC 
moan, KOTopbie 3aMHMaiOTC« npaaaMU He/ioBeKS, tbk 
win unaie CBHsaHbi c ropasift. H aynaio. arc nOTO»y, 
VTO B Hux paHhiue 6bi/ia 3ra nOTp^6HOCTb CBo6oabi... 

- CpeaH npaBoaantMTHHKOB MHoro nraaefi, 
ROTopbie B npoiu/ioM saiiHMa/iHCb to^hmmh hb- 
yKSMH. Kbk Bbi oyMaere. ncMEKV? 

- Ua. MHoro. H nyMaio. 4to /hooh. Koropbie s 
KOMMyHHcmiecKoH crpane 3dHn»a/incb oCuiecrscHHbf- 
Mif HayKumi. BbiHij>tinenb4 6bi/jn c^rrsTbCn c tcm. mo hx 
pa6ora noaaepraercH uen3ype. MarsMaTHweauM ;«e 
ypaBHewMH He nor aaarb noa nonrpcut. tin ounn cewpe- 
TBpb KOMnaprrtM. B stom CMUcne MaTCMantna »*wi 
(fjMSHMa 6w/in nayxawfr CBoOoaHbiMH. xoth 6w j/ste 
noroMy, «na aror ceKperapt b hux HHiero ne nonnMa/t. 
HnKOKOfi ueHJop we npoaepn/i momx ypaaHeHHM h 
aoKasare/ttCTB, B juvanifrapHOM rocyaapcree nayKa - 
3TO no6er k CBoCoae. fioroMy cionbKO (pusttnOB cpean 
npaBosauniTHMKoa so acew Mwpe. He/iban Bnnxnyn 
tweaiomio b fuiep»yio ^insiiKy, noTOMy hto Torna He 
no/jy^UTca 6oN6a. o Horopoii sievrsior no/JHTHKii. 

- A b hcm HUiere cso6oav Bbi? ^to o/ih Bac 
3iia>iHT 6biTb cBo6oaHbiM le/ioBBKOM? 

- Z7/TR Menu BSitiHO. WTO s caM npiiHMMaio peuie- 
Him, fTo H 6>ay asnatb aasTpa. noc/jejaaTpa, lepes 
roa. H HMKTo MHs SToro peuiewMS HaBsaarb we momct. 
KoHSMHo. KaMUbui we.TOHeK dertcTByeT b KajtOM-TO orpa- 
HMveHHOM npocTpaHcrae. B tom rrpocipaHcnse. koto- 
poc MHe aocrynHO, jto - moh co6cTBe»Mbie peu/cMHX. 

- A TTo, no-BaineMy, orpaHHMUBaeT cbo6o- 
ay? 

- Haao npocTO 6wn. npn/inHMUM ^tenoaeKOM. 

- Bbi oyMaeTc. tto npaaa qenoBeica moryr 
KaxuioHy rapaHTMpoBaTb hvbctbo cBo6o/ibi? 

- B naKOttTo crenenM. aa. OcHosffan pont, npaa 
we/ioBeKa - sausura /ihwhoctm nepea onacHCMU/MM o6- 
paaoBaHiiCM, Bon.TomeHHWM b apMWf, ncvTMUMn, nopb- 
iwe. pasHOoCpaaHtiN cpeacmax npMHywwGHwn - rocy- 
aapcTBOM. ripaaa ^e/iOBena - 3T0 mffT, xpaHHuiwH or 
y^apa Me'a, KoropbiH hmcct rocynapcTBO. 

Us unmepabio *ropbi, <pu3uiia, ceo6oda*. C 
MapAKOM HoeunHUM 6«e«^oan Olak Uiasivk 



hAPTA N13SJ0 200* 



4 



m MEMORIA 



23 



/bn Hac naH MapeK Hobhukhm 6bin ViHre- 
neM. HeB03MO)Kno 3aOb/n> - cyiy/ias (Jiwrypa. noir- 
TWKKM. xopOfflHH (HHOras ~ cnMuiKOM xopnmud) pj/c- 
CKufi asbiK. xapuKTepHbie MHroHaumi... Oh ymn 

nOHMMarb MHp. B KOTOpOM ?KMBeiUb. yWWI JTOT MHp 

MeHHTb. y4H,T nodejuaa-n,. 

Eny - (J)M3MKy, y^ennKy FeoprMP 1>.iepoBa, 
npoHHfiM 6necTnmyio napbepy. tlan MapeK H36pan 
apyroU nt,Tb (wru- STor ^opyrofl Tyn>" Bbi6pa/j ero?). 
HO coxpaHMiT ffCHoe cucreMHoe BocnpHtrTMe Mwpa - 
IMK Hau/McoarefecTBeHHMKM Artijpefl Caxapos, Kpo- 
HHZ3 .'^K>6apcK^^ii, Ceprefi Koeanea. KaK h ohm, MapeK 
HoBJiuKMM acero-Hascero pacnpocrpaHun sto boc- 
npuHTHe Ha MMp oGusecTBa n npaaa, a ao/ibwe - 
c/ienoBan CMy m nepeaasa/i cbomm i.veHHKaM. Weny 
cnocnemecTBOBa,™ HecoMHeHHtiti na^aronwecKHW 
TB/iatrr npyccKan HetpopMonbhas /leKCmm. noa^ep- 
nHvras y *J'/jepoBa. . , 

B 70-x mfi nana Mapena, naK n ana apymx 
Mo/joabix nonbCKHx HHre/uieKrya/ioB, 3T0 noHHMaHne 
03na la/Jo je ticTBue. 

ZJeitcTBMe, BnpoieM.6bi/ioMpaHbiue-CHeM3MeH- 
HWM 0TpnLiaT^/7bHb(M pcay/TbTaTOM. B 1968-M. Korao 
cryaeHTbi iu/in k paimOMy "3a choCqjoM" m 3sa/TH c 
co6oH pd6oiiix. Ts orBe^aiTM- -Uow/in na 4>iir\«; b 
cryaeHVOB crpentviM. B 1 970-m. Koras paConne ui/in k 
paiiKOMy "33 KoVCacoM- n 3Ba/iH c co6oii ciyaetfroB, 
Teo7Bewa7M; 'Iloiii/iH Ha 4>Hr!"; pa6o4HX paccrpe/JM- 
Ba/7M, 3a aecfmujenie Hure/^/ieKvya/ibi dtomo/im sry 
pasoCiueHHOCTb n aanomu/jM ocHOBbi co/JnaapHOCrn. 
CHa^a/ia - opraHH30Ba/iH "Komhtct" ^o^fomM pafio- 
•fHM", noMoran - jopjyjMHecKii h MarepHaiibHO — yso- 
/icHHUM, apecrosaHHWM h hx ccmwim. SaieM - cosaa- 
/IH '/lery^Hfi yHHBepcmeT" n/in noaroTOBnn hobofo 
noKonenun pa6oHMX iiHaepoB. Tyr npurcuH/icfl nena- 
ronMecKHii ra/iaHT Hobhukoto. HaKoneu, 6w/i aan, 
Kasa/jocb 6bi. npocraii /losytir: -He iifTypMOBart mx 
KOMttrerbi. a coaaaaart cboh!- Ocraaa/ioct 
»(jarb. . , 

6 aarycre i 980-ro. Korm 3a6acrOBann pa- 
CowHC B FasHhCKe. ohh He noiu/iii k ropnoMy, a 
3aHH/in CTCNHio lBep<pb) HBbicraBiinH 'KOMMyna- 
Kaw" CBOH ipeOoaaHMfl - ne TO/itKO 3KOHOMMwec- 
KMe, HO M no/]HTH<iecKne. Ha Bep<pn Buecre c 
paOoiHMH Haxonmincb re canbie HmennsKrya- 
/ibi. cpeMh HHx - nan MapeK. TaK c/iobo "Co/im- 
uapHOCTb- npeapamanocb o seno. . . 

"CraH BoeHHbiii- - aoeHHoe no/iomemie - 
6buio BBeuBHO B no/ibuie B jeKaOpc J9S]-ro. 
BnacTh He noffropuna npomnoronmoio ousn6Ky - 
33 HecKO/ibKO Heae/Jb h necnueB Boficua noaaen- 
/in "crpaHK" faro cnoao no/inKH npeano^trra^iH 
cnaBUHCKOMy -safiacroaKa-J, lann/iH aasaabi h 
uiaxTbi. Ha^hAOCbaezmwierne nosnonbu. 

nonnueacKoa oxora a nopbMbi n/ip naa- 
no/ibisHKOB - Bce 3TO Gw/jo Hm/T(w»CHO no cpaa- 
HCHHio CO CTpaxoM M yHNHHeM. nopasHBuiHMH 
nonbCKoe oOinecTBO. Kasa/iocb, Obi/io HeaosMOiK- 
Ho BOjpoiMTb •Co/innapHOCTbH - npocryia ^eno- 
BC'iecKyio co/iHaapHocn! - b jthx mrocTHux 
ycnoamfx. Hm roraa 3T0 yna/tocb. xax - ny^me 
caMoro HoBHUKoro hhkto He paccxaMer . 



^Mysa/icxib nocanmb 'KOMMynnKOB^, roro cano- 
TO renepa/ja fipyae/sbCKoro. ^ito bbo^h/i "craH bo€h- 
HbiH'. 3a "xpyrnbiii ctoh' neperoBOpoa -xotr kio>KHO 
6bi/io '6paTb paifKOMbi". Vna/iocb npoBecm Bbi6opbi. 
Vaa/iocb MHpHbiM nyreM B3HTb B/iacn - xorn no/itcKO- 
ro roHOpa xaaTwio 6bi ii wa eiue ojiho BorcraHHe. M 3 
3TON 6bl,^a. HaflcpHOe. masHaft no6ejsa. 

A iioTOM 6bi.ia erne no6ena naa co6oh - ue uoirrn 
B sry B/iacTb, xoth hmehho SToro or hhx. xasanocb 6bi. 
n /Hua/JH. 'Xe/}bCHHKCKan c^jyHjauju?" npojo/iixn/ia 
oCmecTBeHHwH KOHipo/ib 3a B/iacrwo. rempb - sa 
B/racTTJO, cocTOJJuieU h3 "Cbomx-, 

A nan Mapen BHoeb cra/j ywtfTb. ho yxte hs 
aKTHBHCroB pa6o^ero QBHiKeHHS. a Konner-npaBox- 
iUMTHHKOfl m rionbWH H BCSTO 6uBixiero counarepa... 
a TaioKe no/iHuencKnx, nopeMmnxoB h wkc c hmmh, 
nepe(nnoTupnBbmHOMKOHfppoHTautiHCBn3CT}tMHK 
coTpynHH^ecTBy - yro Ton^e 6bLi nocnjnox. 

BfipoweM, coTpynnmecTBO ne osnaiano nonyc- 
TiuenbCTBO. CKopee - nap-mepcTBO. B KOHue aeassHo- 
cTbix HobhukhH c ycMeuiKOH paccKasbiBan. xax co- 
6pan Ha ceMMMap Bce nonbcxoe TKipeMHoe Haiant- 
CTBo. . ■ n. nana ohh Mtvio Oeceaoaa/iH s npnropojHOM 
naHCHOHare b MenjeiuHHe. naaian na see nonbCKne 
vopbMbi HHcnexuHio Tenepb npe^craabTe ce6e laxoe 
B coBpeneHHOH Pocchh!, . 

Han MapeK »Horo pas 6w/i no6eaHTeneM, n c 
Mariana 1 990-x oh nepeaasa/i 3tot onbii y^eHUKau. 
riepe^HibiBen renepbero aeKUHH. ynHaatteiubCH. CKO/ib 
MHoroe 6bi/J0 mm Bepno noHtno h npe^iyranaHO. 

ncxTTBTOHHo nocMOTpeTb KparKMw tpparnenr 
KOHCnenm npoHnranHO^ b 2002 roay g Ulno/ie no 
npaaaM ^e/JOBSKa nexuHH 'Crparerwi neftcTBuA 
HenpaBme/ibCTBeHHbix opraHMsauMti, a raioxe nto- 
aefi, xoTopue xotht Bnmm> na xoa coCbrTHd b CBoeH 
crpane'. 

A/i«KC«iuip MepKacoB, -MeMopHa/i" 




•ntw k>ni org 



24 



4 nPABA 4EJIDBEKA 



5E3PABOTk1UA nPABOSALllllTHMKAM 

HE yrPO>KAET 



KoHCneKT npOMMTaHHOH B 2002 Toay /leKUMH B 
UJKOiie no npaeaM nenoeeKa «CTpaTerMR rgvi- 
CTBHH HenpaBHTefibCTseHHbix opraHHsauHM, a 
TaioKe moReUt, Koropbie xotat BJiunrb Ha xoa 
co5biTHM B cBoeii CTpaHen 




TaKan crpaierKti B03MOi«Ha vi 6e3 sanesaHi^n a 
nonwTHKy. Flo MHorwM npHMHwaw 3to aawHo - h. khk a 
MHOro p33 roeopMn, 3to He TOjibKO nonesHO, ho m Qonee 
nepcneKTHBHO. 



KoneHHO, MHorfla bo rnaae rocyflapcTBa ctqht hb 
flHKTaTop, a npocBemeHHbiH, CMnt>Hbiii m aBTopmapHwii 
nonMTMK, KOTOpbiii KpenKO aepMi^i ace b cbohx pyKax. Oh 
3MaeT, 4TQ SyAST aa 'jertipe roaa ero npaeJieMMH. Oh 
noHMMaei, hto nM6o oh nonHocTtio nofl^viHHTcn oGuje- 
CTBeHHOMy MHeHHK), nn6o no^AeT anepefl. npeoflone- 
aan TpyAHOCTH Ha^anbHoro nepttOAa pectiopMMpoBaHMn, 
Kor^a uerbie rpynnbi mo^eii KtiByr xywe. "^gm paHbiue. 
Beflb HMHero aapOM He flaercfl. Vny^ujeHHe nacrynaeT 
noawe, TaKOii ho/imthk na mgtko onpeaensHHoe Bpewq 
pactXHTbiBaeT cbok) pa5oTy. npiiMep 3Aecb - ae To/ifib 
BO *paHunn Oh npoBOflHn pe43opHbi. no nocne Kaxgao- 
ro saMCHoro 3Tana npoBO^Mn B^iBopbi m pe^^epeH- 
/lyu, craan ycnoaHe, hto ec/iM HapOA 3to He nojuep- 
wHsaeT, TO OH yxoflMT. KaK-To pas eMy flewcTBHTenbHo 
npniujiocb yiflTw 3TO-npHMeppa3HMUbLMewiyflHKTa- 

TOpOM M CMHbHblM IIOJIMTMKOM 

5 HaujeM permoKe ecTb vi AtiKraTypw, v cna&bte 
rocyaapcTBa. n/in cwecb n Toro. m apyroro, CmibHoe 
rocyAapcTBo - aro rocyAapcTao. b KOTOpOM sanonu pa- 
6oTaioT. Her MviKanvix ribfOT m HCunwHeHHM. B cn/ibHow 
rocyASpCTBe HewHoro sbkokob. ho ohvi see ao KOnua 
paSoTaiOT. A ne laK, noraa ecTb Bceo6man BOHHCKac 
o6fl3aHH0CTb. a hq npanTMKe e apMHio MfleT aecflTb npo- 

UeHTOB. 

Cna6bie rocyaapcTsa laKwe onacHbi onn npas 
HenoBCKa. KoppyfiLfiAn Taw Bce noxcHpaer. l\nfi xaKHX 
cTpaH ecTb npo6reMa: kbk npBiSTM x cwnbuowy rocyaap- 
cTBy. XapaxTepHbiii npkiMep cMeMHeiS, PyccKHe nonnTvt- 
KM fiocTOdHHO npeAcasnntoT KaprviHy. xax ohm xoTe/m 
6bi BecTii KOHTpreppopitCTMHecKyio onepaijMio. ho na 
caMOM aene ne woryi KOHTponHpoBaib h we KOHxponM- 
pyiOT cuTyauHio. CpeA" BOo6iAe Bcero Toro, htq tsm 
npOHCXOAMT, 3T0 - CBMoe nnoxoe. 

B cjiaQoM rocyaapcTBe uHorue peiueHVifl npMHHMa- 
lOTCfl 6e3 MBxaHHSwa nx KOHTporn C oahom cropOHhi. 
3T0 jnecToxaR BnacTb - ona cawaei, ySMaaeT h t. a A c 



ApyroA CTopoHbi. OHa He yueeT KOHTponvipoBaTb rocy- 
AapcTBo. 3to oneHb onacHo. BweiuHe ecTb AntTaTopbi c 
MX no/iHunHHn M cneucnyjKeaMH, a b uenow 3tot uexa- 
HM3M He pa6oTaeT. 

Tax HTQ, npexcAS '^^m auSHparb CTpaierHio, hsao 
nacMOTpeTb na ivin rocyAapcTBS, 

rioroBopHM o rocyaapCTBax AecnTb-nflTwaAUaTb 
ner Haaaa Paanbie KycKK 6biBUjero CCCP Mbi wojKeu 
HaiiTM Tenepb m b (lonbiue. h b MexnH, m b KasaxcTane. 

M etue 6onee iin»i ueHee sawHO, mto b ronoaax 
niofleii ocranocb MbiLunewHe ot rocyAapcTBa. xoToporo 
ywe HBT. Mhopo pas n acTpeHancn c /itoflbMti. y Koropbix 
TAe-To B saibijiOHHOfl 4acTn ronosbi ocrrajincb penpec- 
CHW 1930-x roAOB - npeAcraaneHiie o tom. uto BJiacTb 
Mo»(eT Bce. tax Toraa: ccbinaTb uenbie napoAbi. cajxarb 
n paccTpennaaTb MunnnOHbi Ho 3to HeeoswowHo ceti- 
Mac 3to 6bmo 6bi HMCTeiiiiiee caMoyCiiiicTBO Ann nKiBo- 
ro rocyaapcTBa. Ho mu bcs eiue Sohmca He Hac sany- 
ranH-HauiHXpOAMTenel^HAanoB, H ubiayuaeu, hto 
rocynapcTBO moikbt ace. 

BTopan nonoBHHa 1970-x roflOB - 3T0 KOneu Toro 
nepnoaa. "orAa focyAapCTBO Morno 6biTb nacTonbKo 
mecTOKHM 3to xopomo bhaho na rocyAapCTBax waiuero 
pemoHa B cepeanwe 70-x 3to eme 6bino bo3mo)kho. B 
lOro-BocTOHMOM A3HH 3T0 eiuc B03MOWHO M Tenepb. Ho 
Ma TeppHTopviH CHF. no-MoeMy, y»e aaneKo ne ace. 
nonwTxa BepnyTbCfl a 30-e roaw oanaMaeT MexAynapoA- 
Hyio Maonnqmo, kohgli ycypeMneHHiiM k Towy, mto rocy- 
AapcTBo SyflBT 5oraToe h coBpeMenHoe. hto 6yaeT pas- 
B^aaTbcn 3K0H0MHKa. Mano >KenaioiAiix math nyTeM l^pa- 
xa V CesepHOM Kopevt 

KoHBHHo, 1 1 ceHTnBpn ycnoxHfleToScTaHOBKy, oco- 
6eHH0 y naiDMx Konner vn CpeAHei^ A3wv\. AAMi^HncTpa- 
Uiiq Byma 6/AeT tbm npOBOAHTb Ty xe nonnTMxy, hto b 
IO>KHoA AuepHxe b 1960-e roAbi: aewoxpaTiin vi npaBa 
HenoBBKa tbm naw no5oxy, laK vaK mu noAflep'K^BaeM 
riHHOHeTa M Apyrvie pe^wMbi, rapaHmpyioiAMe cnoKOH- 
CTBMe M OTcyrcTBMe TeppopiisMa. MTo6bi ne Bwno npo- 
SneM, cnoBa 6yAyT o npaaax nenoBexa. ho ne GyasT 
)KecTOKoro Ha)Ki4Ma. Ecnn KaKoii-TO amktbtop 6yAeT ra- 
paHTMpoaaTb, hto 3Aecb 6yAeT 6onee hhm uenee Hop- 



'KAPTA' m 38-40 1004 



4 



PSD MEMDRIA 



» 



KyjKe, usM 6wna ro^ waaaA OcTaewM tsk, ccjim To/ibuo 
riyTHH flacT rapaHTMH, wto hb 6yfleT cnniuKOM 6onbiiJoiS 
KpoBH . Ho B Aywaio. '^To 3T0 noMCHneTCH Hepes Tpw rofla, 
KOr/ia 6yayT HOBbie npeiHfleHTbi t^ HOBue pesontouHn. 

M^poBasi cMTyauMfl nocne 1 1 ceHToGpn ycfioMHneT 
naujy pa5oTy. GyooaHa^aeT. "-iToSyAeTMeMbiueno/inTn- 
MecKoro aaBneHMn b Te'^euHe SnujKaMiuMx flsyx-rpex 
/ler XOTH cnjyaunn moxbt noMBHOTbcn h paHbiue. new 
hacTynni Bt>i6opb>i. 3to tows, e KaKOM-ro creneHH, 3a- 

BMCMT OT HSC M HBUiMX fleHCTBUM. EcnM Mbl CyMeCM 

nepeaasaTb MMCfiopMauHK} b npeccy, sapaHee AyMan 
o noriMTHKe. Beat> ohm tobopht hto xotht, noma Mbi 
paGoraeM. 

EcTB xopoiuvie OTveTw o6 oOcraKOBHe b HenMe, 
moAH c MecT 3BepCKti psBoraiOT, mtoSw co5paTb hhOiop- 
Maunio. A noTOM 3Ta iiH^opMauMH rae-To oceflasT. Plo- 
nanneTcn KHH>«Ka, ona ctomt rae-To na no/iKe - h sflecb 
KDHHaercn pa6ora. 3to saKOHOMepHocTb - uu saepCKH 
nopa5oTann. nsjianii khmjkk/, co6pann Maiepwan, ho e 
AantiHeMLiieM He □6birpanM 3to noniiTMijecK^. 

HanpMMep, v\a,yT Kaicne-To penpeccHM b VaBeKucTa- 
He. y Haiijvi Konnem npeacTaanniOT cHTyaukiio, m ^awe 
noflroTaB/inBaoT ttaKoii-TO ot^bt - noroM stot OT^eT 
CTour Ha nonKe 3to nojinpo6neMbi. aropafl ^acTb npo- 
Cnewbi - «an no/imMHecKn McnonbaoeaTb hotqm sry 
MHtt)opMativiio. KOTopyK) Mbl cD5panii. 

3to nio5nMoe Aeno MocKoacKoro «MeMOpiiana» - 
co6iipaTb HettMM op-ieT, ksk kskom-to pHxyan. S coBpaji, 
HnpeAcrasHn, HyjueBceHarncan 3aecb paSora KOH^a- 
fiTcn. 

fla. 3T0 cnoJKHo - kbk Cbirparb aa/ibiue'' Kan ubi 
MO«eM iicnonb30BaTb stot MarepMan, sTo5bi on «a ca- 
MOM Ae/ie '<To-io 3Hawnn? 

Xopouio, n oriHTb OTSJieKcn... 

O THnax rocyoapcTB. ToTafinTapHoe rocyflap- 

CTBO. 

3TOrocyaapcTBo Mower 5biTb waeojiornnecKHM hoh 
HBT, KBK Ha ocTpoaax Ti^xoro OKeana m ita KapM6ax, tab 
uer mutaxoii nfleonorMw. ho ecTb flmtraTopbi. 

EcTb MAOonorHHecKMB rocyAapcTBa. KOTopbie 
nbiraioTCH KOHTponMpoBarbWHSHb senoaeKa bo bcbx 
ee npoHB/ieHMRx. Mfleonorn4ecKMe TOTanHTapHbie ro- 
cyAapcTBa -KOMMyHMCTHHecKoe, tJiaiiincTCKoe, hbkoto- 
pbie penHfMoaHbie. TaKoe rocyaapCTBO nwTaeTca nepe- 
AenaTb/iwfleM.BceAywaiOTOflnHaKOBo, OASTbioanHaKo- 
BO, KaK B KHTae nepMOAa "KynbTypnoti peaonnuHMs. 
'S>iA/xenh ICacTpo HeziasHo Bsen KOHKpeTHy»o craTbio b VK, 
rae 3a oonacHocTb" mowmo no/iy^MTb 15 /lei, h cyA 
petuaer, 4to stot Menoeen BOnacHb.M», 

rocyaapcTBO xo^ieT anarb ace. B Poccmm npHXO- 
flHJiocb npocnTb pa3peiiieHne, ^jroGbi nptirjiactiTb mhoc- 
TpaHija K ce5e aomom- npusHaKawn 3Toro HenHtoTCH 
0aMinnviiA Ha MHortix TpancnopTKbix Stmerax. nauMo- 
HaiibHocTb B nacnopre, nepBue OTAenbi MnH aHajiorim- 
Hbie HM oTAenw KaApoQ- Ha pa6oTe y nenoseKa He 6bijio 
flocTyna k ero nw^HOii viHtt)opMai4nn. Bo MHomx kohctm- 
Tyunax nocTKOMwynMCTMHecKHx crpaH noHBunacb cra- 
TbH. orpaHii4iiBaiOLuaonn(})opMaLinio, xoTopyto rocyflap- 
CTBO BOoSiAe MO)t(BT co6npaTb. KpoMe Toro, MenoBCK 
Mojuer MMBTb flocTyn na onpeaeneHHbix ycnoBHSX k cbo- 
SMy Aocbe H TpeSoBaTb norpaaoK. ecn» hto-to. no ero 

MHSHMIO. He COOTaeTCTByeT aeiSCTBHTenbHOCTH, Oahkm 

M3 npoueccoB CTpac6yprcKoro cyAa Swn: nKaac npOTHo 
repMaHMM». Oh oTcraMBa/i npaso nonynarb nHC^opMa- 
uwio npoc/iyojHaahHM v\ nepniocTpauMii h aenarb no- 
npaenn KpOMe roro, 4to na npocnyujnB8Hiie cneucny*- 
6bi o6n3aHbi nonyMaib paapeiueHHe cyaa, Ha Hero cyme- 



CTeyeT onpeAeneHHtiii cpon - ero mo»ko npoftneaarb, 
HO e TeneHite roAa cpoK mowbt HCTent.. TorAa opranbt 
o6fl3aHbi npoviH(t)opuhipoBaTb i^enoBeKa o npocnyujviBa- 
HUH, a TOT nony^aeT npaso KOMMeHTMpoeaTb wnw nokiTu 
B rpawflaHCKHi* cyA n nonyMtm. (OMnencaumo, ecnn hto- 
nii6o HeoSocMosaHMO Echm «e y ^enoaeKa net MHtt)op- 
MaMMM. HTo ero npocnyiuMBanw, to oh m hb MOJKeT 3aii4M- 
THTb CBoe npaao 

3Ta cMcreMa ToraribHOro cSopa MHCtiopMaiAH w 6bina 
Meitee onacna, xorfla ece sro pa5oTano pa3p03»eHMo, 
HO csmac. Kor^a paSoiaiOT ConbiuMe KOMnbiorepbi. to 
OMeHh npDCTo Mox(K0 co6paTb ary HH^opwauHW, B ah- 
MOKpaTM^ecKOM [we] CTpane e rocTMHMue mo>kho MasaaTb 
nioSyio (pawHnnKi. KaK cbow. tbk h cbowx cnyTHiiKOB, 

C flpyrow CTopoHbi. 6 tattoM [TorannTapHOM] rocy- 
flapCTBe caMa enacTb sceraa sacSKpeseHa. HnHero ne 
rtSDecTHo o noApoCnocTnx «m3hm ks TonbKo upewjieBc- 
KHx aenienew m noJiMTHKoa, ho m HHiiero He n3BecTHo o 

nOAp06HOCTflX pa60Tbl U H^HOBHtlKCB, M nOflMTHKOB HMW- 
Hero ypOBHR. n0AP06HOCTH /ltmHOM WM3HM MMBKIT SHasS- 

HHe TonbKO Ann BbiSopoB, ho mn MUHero He snacM (hb 
TonbKOi npMHHMaewux pemeHMHx, [ho m o BaxHbix 

OSCTOWTenhCTBax] B0TH0UjeMMHflMMMOWX(M3HHi:a)KAOrO 

B rpaBPmeii aapxynjne wier nonHTHMecKan 6opb- 
6a, HTO-TO BKnionaergnBysKyiorpynnynpaBsiiitix. kto-to 
A3 nee BwneTaeT. Kto c Kew, kto npOTWB koto. - Mbi tbk 
flo KOHua M He 3HaeM, no-jeMy EcTb paanwe cn/ieTHM 
TonbKo. EwTyeT npeflCTaareHHe, •jto mmp nonMtwKM - 
3T0 MKTO - KOro». Bce 6opiOTcn Apyr npOTWB flpyra 3Ta 
nonvtTMKa BbirnflflHT KaK rpbiSHn co6aK noA xoBpou. 

Mbl BMA>^M TOnbkO. MTO 4TO-TO riOA 3TMM KOBpOM npOHC- 

xoAMT, KTO-TO KOfo-To naeT-KycacT. Ho nenoHBTHo, hto 
we Ha caMOM Aene. EcTb TaKxe npk^Kasbi ot qtub HapoAa 
- npesHAeHTa. nepsoro rrnua. 

y noHMueMCKOro rocyAapcraa TuCfmM cskcotob 
M CTyKaneH, Kctbth. b COBercnoM Coioae 5bi/io CTarn- 
CTMMecKn weHbiue cbkcotob hb Ayiuy Hacenennfl. mcm b 
CTpanax 6bisiijeM oHapoAHOH A6MOKpaTt4H». ^ cHa^a/ia 
yAMB/inncn STOwy. a noTow nonon. 4to b CCCP 6wno 
MHoro HesaperMCTpMpOBaHHbix ceKcoroe cpeAH aKiHBM- 
CTOB napTHki M KOMCOMOna, -0HI4 nepeABsankt kiHctiopMa- 
UkiK}6ecn/iaTH0. B CCCP Gbino MHoro Heo4>tnLiuajibHoro. 
KpoMe ott)HMManbHoro «niiT0BaHMB» b CCCP h b fflP 
HeofiMmianbHbiMM ueH3opdMM 6binM maBHbie pe^aKTO- 
pa rasCT M paAHO B to *e BpeMfl b nonbiue h a Mexoc- 
noaaKUM KOWTponb ocymecTB/idncR octmuMarbMo, cTa- 
aMiicn lijTaMn iteHsopa, m rnasHtiM peASKTop Fvior ne 
sbino/iHfiTb pa6oTy neHaopa. 

CneAytomei^ aamHOii ^epTow flanseTCfl pa3o6meH- 
HoCTb moABM B ToranHTapHOM rocy^apcTBe. He ao- 
nyCKaexcn HHKa«OM OTAentHow ot rocyAapCTsa o6ine- 
cTeeHHot* ABSTenbHOCTH. HeBosMOJKHo BbiJio 3aperH0T- 
pvipoeaTb HHKaxoH xnyg ntoGMTeneii Bep6jiKiaoa yinv\ 
/iK)6oro Apytoro, Bce 3to rocyAapCTBy weoSxoAUMo opra- 
HuaoBweaTb m KOHTponnposaTb CaM no ce6e tw HH^ero 
HeMo»(eiiJbCAe;iaTb-HMTeaTpopraHti30BaTb, hm oKpe- 

CTHbIM nee no^IHCTMTb. To/lbKO OT KOMCOMOfia, TOObSO HO 

npnita3y anacieii 

He 6bi/io M uecTa Ann He^opMaiibHoro o6meHMn v\ 
o6cy)KAeHtiR MecTHbix npo6neu . KafiaKM b 3anaAH0eBpo- 
neiiCKOM cwbicne cymBCTBoaanH TOfibxo a rpysiiM. B 
CCCP He cyujecTBoaaro neflopofHx mbct, rae moxiho 
Bwrio ABa-Tpn Maca noroBOpnTb m noecTb-ngnnTb, Ka5a- 
KM B UeHTpanbHOH m IOjkhoh EBpone - 3to to. mto 
opraHMsyeT rpa>KaaHCKyK) jKusHb. M b AnrnHM nocne pa- 
6oTbi HAyr B CBOM n36 M Becb Be>4ep aip^T s stom na6e, 
HopManbHbie nioAH xoaat b aeujeBbie pecTopaHHMKH, 



owmiflBCTJ 



21 



4 



OPABA lEJtOBEKA 



...Oh nopa3H/i Mew) erne npv nepaofi BCipeie b 
MocKoe B n>one 90-ro. 6necTnmnM yuan, ocrpbw, 
Tpeasbf M BJT/DUIOM Ha Bean n naueiWHHocnjo Ha npan- 
TUiecKMif pcsy/UiTaT. 4ro 6bi rw hh aenan, - rOBOpwi 
OH, - noiiyvH xon Ma^enbKnii, ho 6e3yc/ioBHbi^ ycnex, 

riOTOM erne 6bi/io MMoro ocrpeii. coBMecmas pa- 
6ara. o6cyiKJseHHn, cnopti... 

SaMenaTe/ibHoe 6tj/io seno - micKyrnpoBan c 
MapSKOM. BoT TO/TbKO BfWMeHM HiMioraa we xaara/to. . . 
Bee /\ioan HeseMemiMbi. K MapsKy 3ro omocmcn b 
aecsrrnKpaTHOM noptiaKe: cro/ibito MUSHeii on npomun, 
CTO/ibKO aen cnenan, cto/iw<mx nioaefi Ha\^nvi OMeHb 
BiwwbJM BemaM - hto Taxoc ^octomhctbo le/ioaeKa » 

KBK npOTMB»fTf>OJ rOflMapCTBeMHOMU HaCHrtMIO. 

CoTMM, a MOJKei 6bnh. aaiae n TucfifM nKtaefi b 
^oc7T0Tel/I^fTapH0M MMpg CimsKU ceCn ero j^cHHica- 
MM. 5/TecTwmKM neKTOp. oh i/Ne.i npocro naoxoc^nBo 
o6iiHCH«Tb caMtJE cnaniHbie aeusn. 

H ay»aK>. oh 6bin evacT/iHawM le/ioBeKOM. On 
ino6n/i H 6bjn nio6mi, on ao6wicn o'leHb MHororo, oh 
no/7b30Ba/icn ofTJOMHKM ^sameHneM rurainvKoro luc- 
iia /waaeft bo acex iwcrw* coera Mw 6yaeM noMHurit 
ero. noKa ifcuBbi caw«. 

EsreHHif 3axapoB, 

XapMtOBcmui iTjNiBasa ufHTHOH rpynna, 

ofufecTBO WVeMopHa/t" 



rae y HMX ecTb CBOft cTon. 33 KOTopbiM OHM MOryr BbiniiTb 
CBoii 6oKan, 3to Mecro paaroeops o MecTHux npo6ne- 
uax K MecTo. B KOTopoM Bbipa6aTbisaioTCR KaKMe-ro 
penjeHMdOTOM.^TOMbiByfleMftenaTb.HeTaKBTOTanii- 
TapHOM rocyAapcTse, raw hh naflO. ^jtoBw nra/iM floy c 
ApyroM pasroBapMBa/iM, b to speM^ ksk ohm Aon^KHbi 
cnymaTb npuKasbi anacTH, a He pasroBapweaTb flpyr c 
flpyroM. H noTOMy. oco5eHH0 e Pocchh m Ha VKpauHe, hb 
6bino raKMx Meet. 6 fpyann sto nopoflnno cwnhHoe 
conpoTMBJieHvie KoMMyHHcxbi He cMornM 0To5paTb y 
KpecrbSH sewnK), noTowy 4to conpoTHBneHwe Sbino 
c/ibiiijKOu ciiJibHoe B 70-B roflbi 6binM Ka6aK^ Ha rep- 
pMTopMM T6MnMCM. HO Hu OflHoro Ka6aKa n He Hauien 
HareppMTopMM Poccmh. PecropaHbi m Ka0e6binki cpeA- 
CTBawM oSmecTBeHHoro nHTawMB, a He oewecTBeHHoB 

WMSHVI. 

MexcAy npOHHM, paspaSaTbiaan^Cb nccneaoaanvi^ 
aaBMCMMocTH rpamflaMCKoro o6weCTBa or Toro, hto 
noa» npeano'JtiTaioT BbintieaTb m KaK BoAKa - Myman 
ro/iOBa, HO ecTb CHnw, vto6w Aaib no wopAe Buho - 
ronoea paSoraeT, ho Teno paccfia6neHo. riy^uie Bcero 
Ann rpaMviaHCKoro o6mecTBa - nHTb hmbo. SroAO/iro. 
H MOJKHO Bce o6cyflMTb, TO we M s ^aMxane. OpranHso- 
BSTb rpa)KAaHCKoe o6iiiecTB0 b naiueH crpaHe -3to oahs 
H3 caMbix Ba>KHbix saAB'^, KOTopbie, n snaio, anepeA^ y 
Baiue^ cTpaHbi 

y Poccwn ecTb CTpaujHbiii hctophmbckhm onbiT. 3to 
npHMep l^BBHa TposHoro. KOTOpbiii yHH^TOwaji 3to o6- 
mecTBo B flpeBHCM HoBFOpOAe, rfle 6bino npaoneHiie ne 
xywe H He ny^uie, hbm b neKOTopbix sanaAnoeBponeMC- 
nK06LiiviHax, B CpeAHeii Asmh vt na KasKase. CoaercKiiii 
Coi03 M30 acex cnn crpeMuncn yHHUTOMibiTi. pocTKin rpaw- 
AancKoro o5mecTBa, noTOMy mto 3to 6bino oco6o onacHO 
Ann LjeHTpa/iii30BaHHoro rocyAapcTBa. 

Ecnn CMOTpeTb na hctopmk) Eaponbi. to bhaho. '^to 
a5conioTnan anacib npoBBJiBSTCB b hctophh EBponw 
M36npaTenbHo. MnorAa BOanitKafio cuanana cunbHoe 
rpawAancKoe o6iAecTBO. Tbk 6bino e HMflepnaHAax 



rionbiTKM ycT3H0BHTb a6cofi>ciTM3M T3M 6biJiM npoiirpa- 
hbi. B ttaKOM-To nnaHe 3tc xacaeTcn DonbiuM, rAe 6biJio 
HyTb Apyroe rpaNmancKoe oQuiecTBo - b bmab abophhc- 
KOMAewoKpaTMM.-HOTOMcecMnbHaflopraHHsauMnaSiLie- 
CTBeHHOCTH.TaM, TAB 3ToroHe6bino. a6conioTHan snacTb 
HaansbiBajia cbom npoSneubi vi Ha^MHana KOHTponvipo- 
BaTb Bce. 

B CoBBTCKOM Coi03e ruioxo p36oTan Tenect)OH, 
3to 6bino opraHHSOBBHO, b ^bcthocth, creuHanbhO 

TaKwe cKnaAbiaa/iocb BfienaTneHMe. hto HeKoro- 
pbie npo6neMbi 3KOHoukiHecKoro xapairrepa cosnaTerib- 
Mo co3Aaaajiticb. ManpMwep, oneHb nnoxo pacnpocrpa- 
HnfiHCb xonoAHJibHHKH cpsAH HaceneHMR. Heo5xoaMMO 
6wno, i^Toebi ntOAH laepcKM paOoianM, HTo6bi npnoSpe- 
CTHTOTMnwHHOiSTOBap Ec/iMaceubicjiMHanpasjieHbi 

Ha TO. MT06bl npH06peCTM XOnOAM^bHKK, TO Ha UblC- 

fiM o no/iMTMKS BpeMOHM ywe He ocraeTCH. 

CaMoe Ba»Hoe a T0TanMTapn3Me - 3to to, hto y 
DioAeA 6bina hohtvi nonHocTbH> KOHTponkipysMafl npaan- 
TenbCTBOM ^ MMM C3MMMM >Kii3Hb. CHaua/iaHeTiOBeK men 
B ujKony. CTBHOB^iicfl nnoKepoM, noTOM KOMCouo/ibueM 
M T.A., nonynan tnyrsBKy b )«M3Hb». Ec/ih oh h ero 
poAi'TenM 6yflyT xopoujo ce6(i bsctii, to oh yepes flsa- 
TpMroflanonyHMTnyTeeKysAOMOTflbixa.a'JepeaAecnTb 
reT KBapTupy, hotom POtiAeT na neHCMHJ. na Koropyio 
jKMTb Syaei nnoxo. ho rononaTb hc 5yAeT. A hotom 
nonaABT na CTanAapTHoe coBeTcitoe KnaAfimne, fas ace 
M0rnnbi noiTM OAHHaKOBwe 4to euje HyjKHo Ann cnac- 
Tbn'^ wXopoujaH JKenai) . >KH3Hfa npH ToxanHTapnoM 
rocyaapCTBe noxowa Ha noeia, HAyuMM no penbcaM, 
H i^eriOBeKy yAoSnee naccMBHo noA^MKorbcn, Hevte- 

flM Ha HTO-TO BnHflTb. 

Bbtnti npoBSAeHbi couMonorvmecK^e HccneAOBaHun 
B AMepMxe, 6bino Bbinaneno 20% caMbix SeAHbfx vi oG- 
cneAoaaHo a 1979 vt a 19S8 roflax. B oahom ropOAe. 3a 
AecHTb risT 85% na mux Bw5panocb n3 HMijjeTbi, a oc- 
TanbHwe nonann b rpynny caMwx BeflHbix y aMepHKan- 
ues ecTb maHC. mx esmnA - o tom, ksk 3apa6oTaTb, a ne 
Kan noMeHBTb cHCTowy 

B TOTanMTapHOM rocyaapcTBe MHoro sbkohob h 
Bce OHM npoTViBopenaT APyr Apyry. KaMAbm nenneT- 
cn HapyiuMxeneM KaNOro-nti5o saKona, h enacTb mo- 
JKBT HBKasaTb nK>6oro. ECTb pyccKan noroaopKa o tom. 
HTO «5bin Ow HenoBBK, a craTbfl HaiJiAeTcnB. KpoMe 
peanbHbix naoYuienvi^, AOxasaTenbCTBa mo)kho eiue m 
(l)anbCn0nqiipoBaTb. B Pocchm b Tbicn^y pas Sonbiue 
saKOHOQ. HGu B 3anaAHOM EBpore. Bnepea - nenbad. 
Hanpaeo - nenban. waneao - sanpemeHO. a na wecre 
CTOHTb - npecTyn/iehne M '^to 6w tw hm CAenan. tu - 
npecrynHUK. Ho ecnw BnscTb TeSfl nio6MT- to npocTWT, 
a He nio6MT - uoweT HdKaaaTb nK>6oro JIioa^ ynbiSauTcn 
anacTH vt CTapaiOTCfl. htoSu ohb mx nio6Mna. Eiue y 
BnacTti pasHoro Tuna npHBMJierMH. BnacTb npo^aaonbHO 
pacrpocrpanneT paanbie 6nara. Mokbt AaTb 3apa6o- 
TSTb. a MOweT n ne A^Tb. MoxeT npkiHHTb pe6etiKa b 
yHbiBepCHTeT. a momcbt vi aaaan^Tb flaTb KsapTHpy. xopo- 
ujyK) nyreaxy w T.fl flawe CTOJibi aaKasoa. m tb fleniinticb 
no sacnyraM, caoii y napTWM, cboh y npotticoiosoB m/im 
KOMCOMona. B HHCTHTyTe, tab a paOoTan, tot. Koro nio6ii- 
na A^pCKUMR. nonyMan b laKon ctoji aaxasoB Tanon, a 
TOT, Koro ousHb nwBunw, nonynan Tanon 6onee sbicoKO- 
roKaHecTBa.3T0 3acTaBn!i/ionK)aebiynbi6aTbCRBnacTH. 

nocneAHee-3Tonpo5neMbi noppynunii 0Ha6wna, 
HO He5onbiijan. JIioaw y bjibct^i 6binii He onenb 6oraTbie, 
Bce aep)Kanocb hb npHBH/ierMnx. ^,a'^a noa Mockboh 
MaujuMa - oHaMKaij nnn "Bonra". Mor SwTti KaaenHwi^ 



■KAPTA" r« 3B-iO 2004 



4 



PRO MEMOillA 



2? 



caMonei h/im eepTOJieT n r.fl. BbiBpOLueHHww n3 snacru 
Bce MJiM noMTH Bce 3T0 TepHfi PaHbiue paccTpenHeanw, 
noTOM npocTO no3Bon»nii witTb HopMa/ibHO n He rono- 
flaTb.BTaiiiKeHTenT6MnMCticawHe6oraTbieMaiUMHbiy 
jiOfleii - 3T0 ocraTKH peaKUM^i WHTeneti ToranmapHbix 
rcKy^iapCTB b nociKOMwyHncTLiHecKOe epeMB. 

ToTannTapM3M ociaercfl nacrnMH b Haiunx CTpawax 

VI B HBCTOHlUee BpeMS^. 

Bropan rpynna — 9to rocyAapcTsa, KOTopbie ot- 
Spocunkt cTapyK) ttfleonortiio h roBOpnT. hto CTponr 
npsBoeoe rocyaapcrso. 

OrepocMnn ufaeonooMO n aanBunw, mo roTOBW bw- 
pauiMBaTb Hoaoro ^enoaeKa 

flariH HyTb-HyTb CBOBoflW. 

B nnaHe loro, hto AonycicaiOTCR pasHwe HenpaBH- 
TenbCTBeHHbieopraHrt3amin.KaKB6enopyccni*. BA(})ra- 
HHcraHe - 3to BOo6uie ^tpyroM Mkip. JIkiam Moryr nyrb- 
HVTb npeaaTbcn coBMecTHoii AefrrenbtiocTM. 3to nep- 
aan aaiKKan nostiuMn. 

BTopan-B03MO)KHaHnDe3AKa3arpahiHuy. flocne 
pacnafla Coosa b crpaHax CHr, ec/in ecTb aeHbrw, 
Mo»(HOMMeTbHeKOTopyiocBo6oAynepeAat^>*(eHMfl.fla)Ke 
ecHM ecTb npo5neMbi c nponHCKOii b ropOAax, to, no 
KpaiiHeii wepe, rocyflapcTBO we roBOpHT, rae Kowy HaAO 
xcHTb Mnvi Kyoa esaiiTb. 

A TO 6bi/i B coBeiCKoe apSMn antisoA. Kor^a rpynna 
MOMx Konner, pa6oTaioLMiix b ^HCTMTyTe, noexajia Jieiow 
6e3 caHKUMii no ch6mpckhm peKau Ha Kaxkix-TO nnaB- 
cpSACTsax, -laKy HMx6wnMnoT0M npo6newbi wa pa6o- 
Te: MX Bbi3biBanM m cnpamiiBanhi, kto opraHii30Ban, ^to 
OHM Taw cawocTOHTenbHO aenann, bmbcto toto mtoSw 
KaK Bce, noA ORHy AyAxy, oTAbixaTb b cahiaTopMox. 

npOMCXDAflT pe4}OpMbl H B 06naCTH C06CTBeH- 

HOCTM. Cawoe cipaiuHoe, hto 6wno b coBeTCKOti CMCTe- 
Me. - 0T4y>KfleHne nenoaeKa ot coScTBeHHOciH. 3to 
HaMepTBO nptiafl3biBano nenoBeKa k Ka>KqoAHeBHOM pa- 
6oTe. HHawe nepes mbchu Henero craHOBMnocb ecTb, 
noHTM coBcew He 6bino pesepeoB. A paSoTy aaeano 
TonbKo rocyAapcTBo ^ncTeiiLuafi cucTeMa pa6cTBa - 
HHKTO Hfi MOJKCT 3apa6oTaTb AOHor m CKasarb, hto mhc 

XBamT ao KOHLia MA3HV\. DoCTOnHHO HyWHO npOCMTb M 

noAHtiHflTbCfl rpiiKa33u c yrpa ao Benepa Ka<tiM 6bi 
CBo60AHbiM na cjioaax ce6n hm uaaiABar^o rocyAapcTBo, 

BCe BMAHO Ha OTHOLUBHMH K C06CTBeHH0CTH. 

B PoccMM - uapb, ewy npMKaflneiKMT Bce vi jiioa^, m 
MMyiiiecTBo. Oh Mor oTo6paTb y KawAoro, hto xoTen. m 
3To6ufioero npaBO, npaaa ne aHrnnMCKoro Koponn Bce- 
laKM MMenM HeKOTopbie orpannHeHtin b aonpocax co6- 
CTBeHHocTM Oh HE Mor oTo6paTb HMymecTBO, euy npH- 
xoAHfiocb npocnTb Bsa^Mbi. 6 SsnaAHoti Eapone MextAV 
BiiacTbto lA co6cTBeHH/KaMvi ropasAO panbiue pa^aii- 
ni«cb AoroBopHbie OTHOiiieHMn. BnacTb npocvina ASHbrM 
HB BOiiHy, unH wa ceoto aflMHKMCrpaumo, iinM na hto-to 
APyroe, a b oeweH nnavt uomvi BbrnpocMTb saxOHbi o 
HeaosMOXHOCTH saAepMCHBaTb m apecTOBbiaaTb 6e3 pe- 
lueHUH cyAa £cnn xoponb xe MOweT. xorAa euy asAywa- 
eTCH, sacyHyrb pyKy s xapuaHbi n>of\s^. - ewy npHxoA^T- 
CH BcrynaTb c hmmm a neperoaopw m AoroaapMBaTbcn, 

B PoccMH cetiHac mojmio KMeTb AeKbra. ho KaxMe'' 
C nocTOBHHbiM BonpocoM: xOTKyAa ohh BjnnHCb?" - 
;iio6HMan TCMa anacreii... KpoMe Toro, ao-nepabix. b 
3TMX rocyflapcTsax anacTb cocpeflOTOMena b pyKax hb- 
SonbUJOM rpynnbi nioAeii, KOTopbje cTpeM^Tcn k coxpane- 
Hn»o STOii TeHAeHUHM B flanbHeiiiAeM, 



y Hero Own oco6enHbifi cnr/ii noBeaemin - oaop- 
»oro M yaB'VfiiBoro Ma/ibHiiuxKn. y noToporo bcS h 
acerAano/ryjaercfl, -nepewMrepoSBoaeope /tioGafi 
npo6/ie»a laimtrbi npaa ■ie/roacKa Bbir.iiuart inofi Kpu- 
coH. ifumyuiefi anooBO/ie ao!4a. HamMapeKyB/teHetitio 
(f c nercKUM asapTOM BbiNSHUBaer eS hs noaaana, 
nbrraercn sarwaTb b Kpuco/icaic/. Kcraa sto eM^'ynaer- 
cs, OH no6eaonocHo iipOHcsur upbicy b K/iei«e nepea 
aecbABOp. 

Bce pe6ma noc/ie xaimoro em naasura bocxh- 
ajemio KpHHOT CMy: 'Hy h MapcnU M as MapeK.'f 
riocMorpnTe. KaKort y wac MapsK:'!" 

A Mapen ctoht nocepeoMHe y.inubi » c gmjow 
o/BiMniM'iCKoro repoa rcpao n tio6ejoHocno pacnpnM- 
nnex cnimy, swnflHHBaer rpj/Ab m nojHHMacr pyKw. 

A Ha uienytoumfi aent tmer noBKrb aienyiomvto 
Kptjcy. 

Mapen HhKoraa He Hbin m He n/taKa/icn. 3to 
npeapeHHWH yae/i neyjia^HHKOB. B nocrynnax, cnoeax 
HHia/icH jesHg- -/JioGyio npo6/ieMy uoikho peiuim, 
Haao To/ibKo noKonarbcah' 

EcnnKpbicaKOBapnannne/ioB»Tcn.3Ha'»n.Haao 
KopauieHbKo nosyinaTh. u3o6pec7n Kaxyio-HMCj/aii aer- 
CKVB smpocTb H Bce-TSKM BbiMaHKTb fig. ri/ieBaTh Ha 
pBBHbien rpnsHbie urraHW, ccaanHbi, 3aTpemnHbia3poc- 
/loro nanw-rocj/iiapcTBa. 

A oiasaTbca - sto He cnvtb Mapeaa. 

MapeK vtrpan co b^ociumh HapyiuMre/WMH npaB 
He/ioBSKa. Kan peCenoK tirpaer a oxoiy co snbiMtt 
KpUCaHU H n/IOKHMH ononMH. 

Mapeif nK>6nn cnocoGbi SoptOij sa npasa le/iose- 
Ka. HanoMHHamnine 3a6ctBHbie. Kpaco^Hbie h smouho- 
na/ibHbie jieTciitte nrpu. aadaau, - pa^aiocraHUHH Ha 
Kpnus^x aoMOB, nrpbi c Mitrmijiefl a "Thommkos". no- 
aapKH ynHoBHUKaM a suae cttkos rj^iiiKMHa, pacCbLia- 
enbix no cnymeSHbiM (JiaKcaM. h T.n, 

BoTTaKfiM 6hM Ham MapcK... 

HpHHa AHaHbesa, 
PnsaHCKHii "MeMopHan* 



Bo-BTOpblX, 3AeCb HST ABMOKpaTM'JeCKMX psBonio- 
UHM. Her CBo6oAHbix ewSopos hjim moAM He BepnT e 

HMX. 

B-TpeTbux, Haiue acero b 3thx CTpaHax jiaPOm koh- 
CTMTyL|iiOHHoro crpoH nsnneTcn npeanAaHT. l^ HMrAe B 
Mwpe He 5bi/io, htoBw noc/ie TOTanHrapHOii cHCTeMw 
npeaMAeHTCKan ~ npitaena 6bi k AeuoxpaTviM. 

B-HSTBepTbix. HeTnonnTHMecxoHKynbrypbi 3ToeiAe 
Oflna ronoBHan 5onb. KyjibTypa - sto eAHHCTseHHoe, hto 
MOMBT AfifiaTb rocyAapcTBO ocoanaHHUM. 

Sajiana — hb ToribKO cseprHyrt. cTapbie anacTM, 
HO nocTpoHTb Taxoe rocyAapcTBO, o KOTopoM ntOflH 

He rOBOpMflM Sbl «0H|i1u. 3T0 Ba)KHbl£4 np(43HaK - KOTAa 

npneABUb B CTpaHy, xaxoe MecTonweHHe ncnorbaycT? 
«Mbil»peiunnwcaenaTbpe0opMbi.noflHHTbHajiorn. 3to 
*MOfl» BnacTb. «MOE» rocyAapcTBO? Mrtu «fl» - cny- 
uaHhuvi HenoseK. m Apyrvie ynpaannioT mobm xkishbio? 
nocneAnee BCTpenaeTcn ropa3AO name... 

EcTi. nioAK, KOTopwe nocTaBMnw saAany caepr- 
H/Tb Taxoe rocyaapcTBO MCMnioHViTenbHO nyTSM Bbi- 
pau^MBaHMfl rpaMAancKoro o6iuecTea, IXanea noroeo- 
piiM o TexHHKax Bbipam^Bantin rpa)KAaHCKoro o6mecTBa 



w^wwkA^ua^g 



21 



4 mu mum 



He paccMaTpMBaeM HacMribCTBeHHbiG Ac^cTSMn. V 
Hac HCT TaHKOB, caMoneroe K lowy )Ke HacunbCTBeHHwe 
AeiiCTBMfi B PoccMn HMKOrfla He AaiOT aetiCTBiiTenbHbix 
nonowHTenbHbix pesyrbTaroB Bceraa itpoBonponiiTMe 
aaKBHuiiABaerca hobuu Kpoaonpon^iTvieM, hobum reppo- 

pOM 

CTaSHnbHbienonoMCHTe/ibHbiepeayxibTaTbicaeT 
TonbKo MHpHbiM nepexoi] k fleuoKpaTHw, KOTopbiii 
MeB03M0)KeH 6e3 pea/ibHOro rpaNViaHCKoro o6me- 
CTsa. 

Bo UHorvix crpaHax 6bina CjienaHa CTaH^apTHan 
OLUM^Ka. AeuoKpaTbi c/iulukom pano pa3/ienniOTCt< Ha 
pa3HbierpvnnbiiiHa>4iiHaiorAp3'''bCRMe>Kayco6o^ Paa- 
Hbie ro/iHTkmecKMe napTtm 6onbUje aaMHTepecoaaHbi. 
^^To6bl HaBpeflHTb npyr Rpyy. a He Afif Toro, vToQbi 
noMe^nTb CHCTeuy rocyjaapcTsa B k3kom-to uoMeHT. 
HecoMHeHHO, Haflo opraHMSOBbiBaTb nonMTHHecKHe 
napTMH, HO 3T0 - eonesHeHHbiH m flntiTenbHwii npouecc. 
Bbi6opbi BO Bpeun aHKrarypbi TO/ibKO noA^epiKHBa- 
loree-Koro-TooHanoaAepKHBaeT. Koro-TonyraeTmaK 
flanee Ohb npOHMKaet b napiwH, h y napTHM ywe hbt 
MHTepeca SopoTbcs npoTna flHirraTypbi. 

B 1980-e roflbi mw b Flonbiue ne Cfle/iarn raKOi^ 
oljm6kh, Mbi fla»e 6oaniflCb fipyr c apyrow pajroBapH- 
BaTb Ha TCMbi o nonMTvmecKMx BsrnnAax - Tbi nvi6epan, 
cou^anncT, xpv\CT\tancKV\v\ Aeuotcpar vi t.r. SaAai^a 6bina 
- ceeprnyTb ary enacTb vi BbtpaojkiBarb ACMOKpaTtmec- 
KOe rocyflapCTBO eawnbiw nBvixenviei* niOAeti pasHbix 
B3rnnAOB. )A b AanbHeiiiijeM ubi nbiTamicb coxpaHMTb 
CAMHCTso HapoAa. eA^Hcreo non^Tvi^ecKoro Mbiuine- 

HUH. 

A noTOM B nojibme nioA^ paAosan^Cb, KorAa nan 
Banenca CKasan, hto HMKaKOro eauHCrea 6onbiije net m 
nopa Ha^BTb ApaTbcn, tbk KaK aeMOKpariiB ywe ecTb, vi 
HBAO HanaTb KycaTb apyr apyra. «&onbiiJiie 6noKii, - 
CKaaan Banenca, -xopoiuMHa BOiiHe, HonnoxMAfioToro, 
HTD6bi pasBHsaTb rocyAapCTBo w AeMOKpaTmo». HeKOTo- 
puM 3T0 oieHb He noHpaa^nocb... 

TpOTHM [lHHM BTOpOH C nO/IOBMHOtt?] TMH Tocy- 

flapcTB - npHHHBUJMX KOHCTHTyuHio H CHCTeMy anac- 
TH 6e3 CMHbHoro npesHAeHTS. 

B rionbiDe HST fleMOKparnn, ee nmub Hanann CTpo- 
MTb, M Mb) TBweno pa6oTaeM find 3Toro. Flo onpeaene- 
HMK), HBT npocTbix peuefiTOB. Haflo HyacTBOBaTb npo- 
uecc 

To^Ho, KorAa ecTb pa3Hb>e asmnAbi. pa3Hbie napTkiM. 

eCTb KOHTpOflb. TBK KBK BJiaCTb flOpTHT fllOAei^. 3 a6C0- 

nioTHan BnacTb - a6conK)THO. Haflo BcerAa 5biTb roTO- 
BbiM, 4T0 nonHTWKM - 3T0 CBOfioi^M. Mx 3aAaHa - He 6;iaro 
rocyflapCTBa, a So/ibiue Bracm TyAa noareubi c Sojib- 
lUoA BepoBTHOCTbK) nonaayr, ^ew necTHbie niofln. ho 
rocyflapCTBeHHan d^cTeua AOiixna mx sacraBnnTb 6no- 
KMpoeaTb Apyr Apyra, HTQ6bi hmkto mc aann cnmiiKOM 
MHoro na ce6fl vi ycTpeMwncB k AUKrarype He flO/i«Ho 
6btTb eAUHCTBa BBTBew BJiacTvi. MuMOBHHK. cyAbfl, npo- 
Kypop — Bce nio6HT nOAAepjKHBaTb Apy Apyra c eannoi^ 
SBAaMeii. 3to cTaHAapTHao KOHMenuwa TOTafiMTapHoro 
rocyAapciaa. 

flewoKpaTMHecKoe rocyAapcTBo - sto abcbtkh paa- 
Hux HHTepecoB, o KOTopbix AcroBapMBauTcn. 3to paa- 
Hbie HHCTHiyTbi, KOTopue KOHTponHpyror Apyr apya, 
cMOTpfiTflpyrAPyfy Hana/ibubi 3to npoflsrineTCfl, Korfla 
nonv\TA^ecK3!i onno3Mi4Mfl BbmonHneT KOHiponbHue 33- 
Aa>HM rocyaapcTBa. Oahb » ra we npaenman naprvin He 



MOJKer KOHTpofiHpoeaTb ce6Ei m cbom cneMcry)K6bi. B 
ByHAecrare KOHTponbHwe ctynKUHH - y onro3HUWH, 

BepHewcB ko aropoMy Tuny rocyAapCTsa. npe3n- 
flBHTCKOwy K nyHKTy leTbipe: e 3tom Twne HeT nonnTH- 
wecKoii KynbTypbt. flon)«no npoiflTii mhoto nei, i^Toebt 
TiOH8nnacb CTaSwnbHan Kynbtypa noriHTHiecKOM wii3hh. 

y Mac ecTb M 6bieujMe KOMuyHMCTtmecKHe, m MHoro 
Apymx napTtivi. h na Ka)KAbix Bbi6opax nof^anoioTCfl He 
OAK^ M Te we, a nosbie non)iTii>4ecKMe naprit^, ia ace 
BpewH yTO-To pasBafiMBaeTCB. a mto-to oBbeAMHuercB. 
^a H He napTHM, a npocro 6onbUJne rpynnw nwaeii, 
KOTopbiii AoroBopwriHCb apyr c AP/roM rpy6o roeopw - 
Bneao urn anpaao. a nacro w ne rait. Kto ro8opnT, mto 
npaBbiii, BHacaMOMAene-neBbiti. v\ Hao6opoT. JlnAflM 
cno*Ho pa3o5paTbca, OneHb cjiojkho opraHH30BaTb 
)i(n3Hb nonnTunecKyio h npniiTu k Sonee KnaccwMecKo^ 
cxeue, KaK b BeriiKo6ptiTaHiiH h b CLUA. rae ecTb abb 
nornTWHecKiie napTHti h oahb Ma/ieHbuaw. o6ecne'^MBa- 

tOlUan DAHOM M3 HMX nont^TM^eCKOS 60J1bUlklHCTB0. 

nojibLue Ro 3Toro eLAB MMH^uyu 10-15 ner, noica ne 
npMAer k 6onee CTa6nnbH0(i nonrnvmecKOJi cucreMe. To 
Me BMexocjiosaKHM [.] 

riepexoAHbiii nepnoA k AeMOKparmi sawenaTeneH 
Tew, HTo Mb! MeMBew npaKTw^ecKn ace saKOHbi roc/Aap- 
CTBa H era crpyKrypbi MsMeneHHFi b npaaoBoii CHCTewe 
HacTo paspymaioT ee CTa6ii;ibHocTb. npo0eccop 3nb- 
crep rOBopuji, HTO axo HanOMMHaeT cMy nepecrpoMKy 
nnbiBymero Kopa6nn: Hano pasoGparb Kopa6nb a 
nocTpoMTb ero saHoso. Ho kbk 3to opra»4H30BaTb TaK. 
iTo6bi OH nepemtin bcw STy onepauMto h He yronyn? 

rionannDTCfi npo6/ieMbi b nofle 3K0MOMniecKvix 
pe0opM.HMMeroHeAaeTcnflapow, HKeKOTopwe rpynnw 
nio&ei^ HaHMMaioT wHTb ropasAo xyxte, msm panbuie. He- 
KOTopbiM HaAO nnainTb. HTo6bi ohh he pa6oTanH, [...] 
Be3pa60THL(a. uacca HenywHbix ntoASM. riofiBnnioTcn 
noKoneHMfl 6e3pa6oTHbiK. [. ..] 

flewoKpaTHfl - OHa raM, rae ecTb see nepeHiicneM- 
Hbie Bbiiue HHCTMTyTbi M OHH KOHTpofiMpytoT Apyr ApyrB. 

PaaaeneHHe enacTe^ ua scex ypoBHnx ^eMbm na 
Bbi6opbi - no cHeiy. He3aBHcv<Mbje ueHTparibHbie 6aHKH 
OTBeTCTBeHHan <t)HHaHC0Ban noni^TiiKa. He3aB(iciiMbie 
(t}HHaHCOBbie BnscTM Heaaai^ciiMbie CMk^ Ha AnHTenb- 
HbJii cpoK, a Blue / Cobct HesaaiiCMMOii npeccbi. 

B cyaax BeAyrcci Aena no KouneHcauMflM 3a He3a- 
KOHHbie Aei^CTBMfl rocyAapcTBa. Dpofineua KOMneHca- 
UMM - oflHa H3 caMbix BsmHbix npasDaamHThibix npo- 
6/ieM. 8 rtoribLue oacrer KonnnecTBo aen - no cto b 
MecHu Bo3MO)KHo, wTo6bi4HHOBHMKM n/iaTiinH nonoBMHy 
113 jiHHHoro Kapwana, htoSw moan nonyBCTBOBanii, hto 
MOiKHO noaaB3Tb B cya 

3TvtM]A nioA^Mi^ uoryr 6biTb v\ iaKnm'^eHHbie. ho 
npoLiecc Aonwen eecTkicb TaKMM 06pa3OM, ^ToSbi 5bmo 
noHflTMo, HTO 3T0 He MBCTb TiopeMiAHKaM, a npaao. h 
nyMiue sannarMTb, a ne ycnomnnTb aanbHeiiiune otho- 
mentiB [...] 

npo6;iewbi npaB03aLA^THbie - pa3Horo THna. k 
Inauia yMeSnan] nporpauwa yMHT ne npaBBM. a ksk Tpe- 
BoBaTb 3TM npasa 3to hs Menee Ba>«HO, new 0Mnoco<t>- 
CKni^ CMbicn npasa. (...] 

[HanpMMep] npo6neMbi 3aiAMTbi SemeHuea ant* 
UHorvix CTp3H HOBbic-AnnTex crpaH.HS KOTOpbix MHOro 
-isT nioAn TOfibKO yesixanM. [MnMl npoSrcMbi saaiwTbi 
noae 5e3pa60THbix, MHome 3Tm npo6neMbi cTotrr hb 



■KWTA- W 38-40 iOW 



4 



PHD MEMORIA 



21 



TOxibKO nepen msmm, nepe« B/iacTbio, w o6n3aTerit.Ho 
Ha^o 3HaTb, KaK okm peujaioTCf) a apymx crpaHax. 

HeTyvieeKHKOBCpaBHHTenbHoro3aKOHoaaTenbCTBa.MeT 
KypcoB cpaeHMTenbHoro rpavuiaHCKoro m yronoBHoro 
npaaa. Haao cuoTpsTb ne ToobKO na saKOH. ho m kbk oh 
paBoiaei na npsiaiiKe. 

Haiio MHoro pa6oTaTti. h Hau noMoraiOT Hopuanb- 
Hbie OTHCLueKMn a nocojibcreax APyr^x CTpaH - raM ecTb 
/iioflM. KOTOpwe oSnaaHw oTse^aTb Ha aonpocw O^eMb 
nc}ne3Hbi coBuecTHbie yMeSHbie KypcM antt cy^e^. npoKy- 
popOB. HUHOBHMKOB, a TaioKB y^eCa nmaeii na leMy, '^to 
OHH Moryr Tpe6oBaTb c b/ibctm. 

11 HaKOHeu, ecTii rpeTMii [mjim 4-m7] thh rocy- 
flapcTB - neMOKpaTKH, kotopliimm st hb 6y/iy oco6o 
33HWMaTbcn. Tew 6onee hto nac yjne JtyjeT o5ea. 

B jieMCTBKTenbHO neiuoKpaTHHecKHX crpaHax 
ecTi. npo6rieMi.i HoSonbiJUHX rpynn ntoa^A, KOTopbix 
o6iuecTBO He moStnr m c 60/ibiuMM yAoaojibCiBneM 
saAaeiiT. HapKOManoi, annotonviKvt. 6biBLiikie 33km. npe- 
crynHi4Kiii. roMocsKcya/mcTbi, pasHoro runa aiuMrpaHTbi. 
iiH(|]Mu^poBaHHbie CDM^ou. /iioflvi crpaHHbix aepoHcno- 
BeaaHHM M TSK flanee. 3au4nmaK)mne hx wayr npomB 
MHeHMM M oueHOK 6onbUJMHCTaa nioiie^. 

B TOTannTapHbix m nocrroTafinTapHbix rocyaap- 
CTBax. MonoAbtx fleMOKpaikinx npaeosauj^THMKH homo- 
rann 6oribiuMHCTBy ntoflew npOTna MenbiuMHCTBa. npo- 
TI4B HMHOBHiiKoa, KOTopbix sce-TaKM MeKbiue, '4eu HOp- 
MajibHbix/iioAeti HptiaaLMtiTeMceMeHbuiMHCTBaHaaeTo- 
MaTe Tepnercfl wHoro aaTopHTeia THwenoBbiThnpaBo- 
33uii^THvit(OM B AwepHKe. LUeeuMM, ronnSHo,^^. ropa3j]o 
neme - e VaSeKHCTaHe n Pocchm. 

Ho 11 TBM aeMCTByei nocTyjiay, 4to snacTb Bcerna 
Hapyuiana. Hapyiuaer m Sy^eT napyiuaTfa npasa seno- 
BCKa. 3to HeoTbCMneMoe ee crpeMneHMe, eit tbh 
npoute -He oSpatuan BHMMaHHe Ha ymeMneHMe MbMX- 
To npaB M AOCTOMHCTBa, HAtM BnepeA n CBer/iOMy 
6yAyu4eMy. 

H TBM 6e3pa6oTMiia npas03auiMTH»iKaM He yrpo- 
HcaeT. fl AyMaK), sto aro oahs m3 Asyx caMbtx cra- 




6MfibHbix npo0eccMA e MMpe. nepsan - noxopoHiitM- 

KM. Bee acranbHbie uoryr 6oflTbcn. mto y hhk He &fp,eT 
6yflyii4ero. 
Cnacweo. 

riodaomoeuna K neiamu Onbza Tpyceewi 

Bnepsbie ony6nuKoe3na: palit.ni 



HuKoraa 6u hc nosepsvi, tto mhc 6i/neT tok n/ioxo. R k CMepm ornoui\Kb <i>ii/ioco<}xKH. a lyr Himero He Mory 

noaeflari). 

£wy Beat scero 56 /ler Sm/io. 3ro eaat o^em. Ma/10, f/o y/iMue Mfleiub unyMaeuib 06 3tom. C/iio/ibMn Seceayeuib 
M roBopMiub MM: "A Bbi 3Haere, 10 oktuCph yuep moh wwne/it.. *je/70BeK, kotopmj* msha ksk npaBosamwTHiiKa 
cxpopMun, KOTopui} MHB cKS3an. moMomHo 6bm> lecTHbiM, noMorara /TiaiHM h He Mrpart SiiypaiiKHe ^o.^^f7TwecKHe 
HI7JW". fl roBopio, d /iioan ne noHUMaior. 4eM oh Oij/i /i/ut Menu 

H ero /ipHKOCHOBeHMfl M jmxaHHe noMfno. 3to ero pvxa Oes na/itua, y/iwCKa HenHOro He/ioBKan. aacrefWHsaa, 

KflKy UKO/JbHUKa. 

JloMHio. OH ^fTo-To o&iyMwsa/T s MsiueuiHHe M Bbtnes na npbiwy nepexoaa or mnnofv Kopnj,'ca k nopnycy c 
sa/ioMM. XojM/j no ttpbime h nyMO/t a oanHwecrae. 

Boraa/iMNeooHynufsub, n Koro a Bcrpe'jy b arod jkhxhi - yro naaceraa, Conbwe \/Me ne Cyaer. Boraa/jNHe 
MapeKH, ywrn-e/w, ^cthoto ve/mflCKa, crcctwtouie/ocH yma mtutin, Koropan aacraaiiaei acex arajb h BWrtpyvMsani- 
ar. Oh, naaepHoe, mhotux npuMnptvi c coCoft, He tohuko Menu. 

Mae rmoxo oTToro, vto n ime cae/iaih Hunero ne CMory. BoTtiannMeroBme/iToraa.Byrponepea OTbeanoM 
H3 MedJemjma c Bbicmefi uiKonu no iipoBOM wc/joBSRa, a nas 2003. Kan on oboioann co cbohm HSMoaaHOM. Kan ub/ 
eMi/Jna-w pVKy. Hac Tan ^e/ioaen uiecrb 6uno to p/amix crpau. A oh CKasa/i. fro To/ibiio •leMonan BUHec m noKfl 
HcyeaifaeT, a noroM on Bbimen cobcbm. OrusTblK^^ nan pyjw. Ce/J b Mamnny m yexa/i,.. 

CBoGoOHbifi le/IOBSK CBo6ojHOti nO/IWIBf. CBo6ojHOrO MMpO. 

Hropt, CajKHH, 
npaaoaa mttTHaK rpynna CuKThtBKapcKoro "MeMopua/ta* 



ww» fcarta ore 



IB 



4 



UPABA lEJIDitEXA 



MapeK HOBMUKUl?! 



MklHMMA/lbHblM CTAHAAPT 



PaaMbiiiinnn a coSbiTMnx. npo;icxoj]MeujHv b 
Donbrne, BaiKHbix Ann ceo&o;:ibi n^ npae nii'^HOCTvi. n 
sarnnhy/i b Eepone^CKyio KOHBeHumo npae HenoseKa. 
3tot He6onbiuoM aOKyweHT aaer MMMMMartHbiii craH- 
flapT npaB vt cBo6oa b EBpone. PaccuoTpMM BHi4Ma- 
xenbMO MCKOTopwe na stmx npae, 

npaSO Ha }«(M3Hb 

B 1995 r Ce^M. neperiOM^e conpoTMeneH^e CeHa- 
Ta, npiiHfin 5-neTHiiM MOparopMS Ha McnonHSHne cwep- 
THovi KasHH. Ho nptirOBOpbi no-npewHCMy Moryr abiHo- 
CMTbCfl. rionbuja, An6^niiFi, BorrapHd, Typqiin McrpaHN 
5biBiijefo CoBeTCKoro Coma - nocneflmie rocyaapCTBa 
B EBpone, r^e He OTueHeHa 3Ta uepa HaKasaHMn. 

rionpaBKi^ H iQOnonHeHHH k ^aKOnaM m HOpMaM, 
KacaiomHwcB npHMeHCHHfl no/iMuweii orHecipenbhoro 
opyjKMB, no3BOnBiOT ero ncnontaoBaTb. A aio - onocpe- 
AoaaHHoe nosBoneHMe ySMearb ^enoeeKa. Paflu aainn- 
Tbi MMyiyecTBa, a Me TonbKO ^beii-TO )«ii3hii Hnvi sflopo- 
Bbn. 

B Donbuie ece eii;e hct aaKOHa, peryntipyrouiero 
flOCTynHOCTb floporocTOSLUMX onepauMii. nx MoiKeT 
ce5e no3BonnTb ronbKo orpawnMeHHoe KonnMecTBo nio- 
a^ii. 3to npueoAMT k roMy. mto cfKipMupyKiTcn HHbie, He 
Bcer^a cooTBeTCTBytombie MopanM, ne kiweioiuMe otho- 
ujeHMR K saicoHy, npvnep^vi 0T6apa JiOAei) A^n raimx 
onepauMM 

Oco5aH npo6neMa - OTKaa nauHeHra or fie^eHvin 
npM HcSnaronpumHOM BpaMe6noM npomoae Mnn oTKaa 
OT peaHHMauviM Eme mokho npviBecTH MHoiKecTBo npti- 
MepoB jamx npo6neM, HaxoAmu^xcn Ha CTMKe lAewm- 
Hbi ^ npasa. 

HpHHywAeHMe h HacMnMe 
0&»3aTenbHa» soeHHati cnyxtSa onocpe^OBaHHo 
CBfl3aHa c npasoM hs Mcu3Hb. Flo-npexiHeMy npaso Ha 
aJibTepHaTiiBHyK)rpaxmaHCKytocny«6yMO»KeT6biTbnpn- 

3H3H0 HflH He npM3HaH0 KOMHCCHeH, COCTOfllUeii H3 ^M- 
HOBHMKOB Bbl AOIDKHbl AOKaSblBBTb MM. STO BdUja CO- 

BecTb He noseonneT eau 6paTb b pyK^ opyK^te. IIOHflTvie 
ucoaecTbn He exoanr aa'Ke a KOMnereHi^Mio cyAa - cyAbfi 
paccMarpHBaeT TonbKO AenHiiq, m yw tbm 6o/iee 3to ne 

ABJIO MHHOBHHKa. 

B nonbiue Sbino MHOJKecrtBO cnyMaes npiiawBa na 
BoeHHyio cny)K6y moaevi c napyuieHi^nuM yucTseHHoro 
pa3BHrbifl. 3ABCb npo6neMa lunpe np^sbiBHan kommc- 
cufl orpaHM^MBaeTCH onpeflGneHvieM, cnoco6eh rm ((in- 
SHHecKM npw3biBHMK HBCTn c;iy>K5y. h He ouCHviBaeT, wax, 
nanphiMep. 3T0 A^^aeTcn bo iDpaHLtMH. no3BonneT nvi 
cocTORHMe ero ncMXMKM Mmvi B apuiiio. EcTbnioflM. KOTO- 
pue ncHXMHCCKH aSconioTHo ne npuroAHu k BOeHHOiS 
cjiy)K6e.-rocyAapCTBopeKpyTMpyeTM3HHKcaMOy6MHM, 

Ae3epTMpOB MHH HeBpaCTCHHKOe, KOTOpbie HM C TOrO HM 

c cero HaMMHaioT CTpenHtb, cron Ha nocTy. 

3anpeT noAseprarb nioaeii obiTKBM ^n^ dccctoko- 
My. BecMenoBSHHOMy h/im yHH)t(aiomMM nenose'^ecKoe 
AOCTDUHCTBo o6paineHM>o nnn HaKasaHkiK) (ct. 3), a rax- 
)Ke 3anpeT npuBnexaTb K0ro-nM6o x npMHyaMTenbnoMy 
MfiM o6«3aTe;ibHOMy xpyay (ct. 4) - eAMHcraeHHbie nojio- 
weHMR KoHBeHUHH. KOTopbie He Moryr 6biTb orpaH^HeHw 
saxoHOM CyiuecTByioT nono}KeHktn, xoTopbie b onpezie- 
neHHbix MCKJiioMHTenbHbix CHTyauiinx noseonntOT hc- 



nonb30BaTb (tvisH'jecKoe npHH/ixAeHiie - BaeriTe/ibHOC- 
TiA cneucnyx(6. b neHMTeHUtiapHbix saeeAeH^nx, b Bbrr- 
pesBHTejiHx, nCHXMaTpMHecKMx ConbHuuax. AfconioTHo 
Me3axOHHo npHHywACHwe Hcnonbayeicn b aombx npe- 
cTapenbix. lUKonax vi B apMkm. 

}KecTOKoe o6paujeHkin e nonMUMM. Taxtie cnyMaM 
HpeaBbiHBHHO TpyAHo aoxasaTb, b hwx, xax npaaKfio, ne 
ewBaer He3aHHTepecoBaHHbix cBHAereneii. m cnoBO no- 
Tepneeuiero e OAUHOMxy npoTMBOCTOHT ApyxHbiM noxa- 
saHMflM uenoji rpynnw nonHuewcxHX. 

RpMHyAvrreribKbiii rpyA. B apuMH. xorAa co/iAar, 
BMecro Toro mtoSw o6yuaTb bomhckhm npocteccwHM, 
Hcno/ibsytoT una '^bMx-To, xoTb 6bi m o6inecrBeHHbix, 
xo3B(icTBeHHbix HaAofiHocTei^. B ujxone, xorAa ipya nc- 
nojibayeTCB kbk HaxasaHiie iinn npHoSperaeT xapaxrep 
o5B3aTenbHoro «o6mecTBeHHO-nojie3HOro». urn xofAa 
poA»iTeneM, ecnn y Hkix hct bo3mo>khoctvi cAenaTb bshoc 
(AoSpoBonbHwiii!) Ha pOA^TeribCKMii KOMMreT. cxnoHnnT 
3T0T B3H0C (ioTpa5oTaTb» 3Aecb Bce erne ner HMKaxoi^ 
npaxTH'-iecKoS saiMMTbi or axcnnyaramiM rnoan na Tpy- 
florepanMro hhu. CTpaaaKiiuiix ncHXM^ecKHMH 3a6o/ie- 
BaHMOMM. nopovi jaAy^biBaeLUbcn. tab rpaHviua Me>KAy 
Tepanne^ h npMHv^^viTenhHbiM rpyflOM. 

JlMHHan CBo6oAa 

CraTbn 5 KoneeHmiH roBopMT o npaee na ceoCoAy w 
jiMMHyKj HenpHKOCKOBSHHoCTb B 1995 roaf b nonbCxOM 
3aKOHOAaTenbCTBenpOM30uintiABaBa)KHbixK3MeHeHHfl. 
20-ro«HBapn, Manonen. BcrynMn Benny aaKononcMxnaT- 
pM^ecKovi noMom»i. nepeAatoiuMi^ cyASM npaeo npMHH- 
MaibpeiiiBHHH o npMHyAHTenbHOM nowemeHnw b ncHXw- 
aTpM4ecKyio 6ojibHtiMy /imljo c paccTpotiCTBOM ncuxnmi, 
onacHbiMAnn Hbeii-ro v\n» ero co6cTBeHH0kt )kii3hm iasva 
aflopoBbP. Bropoe aaixHoe AOCTHxenvie - npHHtiTiie no- 
npaeox xyronoBHowy xOAexcy m nepeaa^a h3 pyx npoxy- 
paTypbi B pyKH cyAa rrpaaa npMKtiMaTb peiueHHe o6 
apecre noaospeaaeMoro. ComacHO KoHBeHuitbi. peii>e' 
Hue. Kacaxiiiieecn nHino^ cBo6oAbi, momcbt nptiHt^MaTii 
ToribKO He3a6MCviubiM cyAbfl. A npoxypop He RanneTCn 
He3aB»iCMMbiM. OH noA'HviHneTCfl cbomm Ha<4anbHtiKaM. 
BbiciUMM H3 xoTOpbix-renepanbHWii npoxypop (arionb- 
Uie -MMHMCTp cnpaBeAnnBOCTH). 

3tm n3MeHeHnn nnKBMAnpoBann flea na Tpex ochob- 
Hbix npoTMBopennii nonbcxoro aaxoHOAaTenbCTsa co ct. 
5 KoHBeKUMn. Ocranocb rpeibe. B apuytA peiueHMe o 
nnujeHMM conaaja csoSoAbi b xa'^ecTse AMCUvinnuHap- 
Horo asbiCKaHMB mowbt npHMnrb ero HananbHHK, koto- 
pwM He Toxibxo HB nBi^nercn HesaBticuMbiM jimliom, ho m 
^acTo 6biBaeT oahom m ctopoh K0H{J)nMKTa. 

Cny^aeicR. ^^to nontmnn 3aAep>xHBaeT moaeifi na 
Kaxoe-TO epeMn ne TonbKo xorAa «ecTb ocHOeaHun npeA- 
nonaraib. hto ASHHoe nmjo coaepujuno npeciynneHHe, 
HriMMMeiOTcnonaceHMn.HTOAaHHoenHuowoiKeTCKpbiTb- 
cn Mm sarepeTb cnexibi npecTynneHMfi», KaxnanMcaHOB 
saxOHe. HO m CApyi^uM uennuM Tax Suno. HanpMwep. b 
KpaKC}Be.KorAa3aAep)KanMaHapxucTos.K0TopbieBAeHb 
Bbi6opoB npi43biBanM SoMKOTi^poaaTb abi6opbi 

lipaBocyAHe 

06eone>4eHMe npaaa na Obicipoe m cnpaBeAnvtaoe 
cyAefiHoe pasSvipare/ibCTBO nesaBMCWMbiM cvaom (ct, 
6). npnH«Twe nonpaBKH k saxoMaw cymecTaeHHO ynpoc- 



KAPTA He 3e-a0 JilCi 



4 



PIIO MEMBRIA 



31 




TMHM npoue^ypy nof^ay^M KaccaubioHHux xano6 CeMuac 
Kantaan m3 cropoH. ecnw (MHTaeT, mto b xaae cyfleSHoro 
npouecca 6bi/ia cepbesHO HapyiueHa npoi^sAypa, tiMeer 
npaao v\ peanbHyio eosMoiKHOCTb Kaccau^H nptiroeopa. 

Ho B rocyflapCTseHHOM eoflKere cyfleBnaa chctb- 
Ma ace eu^e TpaKryerCH nan oano \i\3 MttHticTepcis, npe- 
TOHayiomtix H3 <^acTb AGHer, a He kbk rpeibfl anacTb, 
KOHTpojiMpyKDiuan m ypaBHOsemviBaiOLiian npaBHTenb- 
CTQO H napnaMeHT. DpM t3kow nor(»KeHiAM seoieH, Heaa- 
BiriCMUo OT ao6po(i Bonki cyaevi. npaBocyat^e ocraeicn 
c/ia6biM, a peaynbTBT aroii cfia&ocTH - HapyuieHMfl npa- 
Ba H9 6bicTpoe u cnpaaeAnMsoe cyAeSHoe pasSMpa- 
TenbCTBO. DpHfOBOp no rpaJKAaHCKOwy fleny, BbineceH- 
Hbiii cnycT» roAbi. He Mo^er HcnpaetiTb npHHHHeHHoro 
Bpeiia. a sanosAanue HaKasaHvin BOcnpMHMwaKiTcn xax 
oSmaw, m pe^b y>Ke He MAeTo BOCCTaHOBneMHM cnpaseA- 
ni^BOCTM 

Oco6afl npo6neMa - sBexieHMe CBMAeTenfl KKKorHti- 
To B Ka'^ecTBe yMacTHMKa cyAeSnoro npoqecca. /1km- 

HOCTb TaKOrO CBHABTC/lfl AODMCHa OCTaBaTbCn TaHHOA 

Afifl o6BMHneMoro bi ero saiui^THMKa. OCBi^neHMe mo^kct 
saAaaaTb ewy aonpocw Tonbuo npii nocpeflciBe cyabM 
flocxonbuy An" cyAtH BawtHO ne TontKO coAep«anne 
OTseroB CBHASTenn, ho m ero peaKuiin h3 aonpocb), b 
repMaHviM, HanpHwep, cyAtH BMAf t CBHAeie/iH na Tere- 
uoHHTope. a ronocero. HSMeHSHNbiii cneuManbHbiM ct^nb- 
TpDM. cribiLijaT Bce, HaxoAfliMMecfl b 3ane. B Honbuje euie 
AOfiro He QyACT TaKoii bqjmoikhoqth, nosTotmy ecTb co- 
MHenxe: ne nptiaeAST jih 3to k HapyiueHMio paBencTea 

CTOpOH. 

npHOaTHOCTb 

npaeo Ha npHBaiHocrb (flpeeo Ha yeaxeHue nuw- 
HoO u ceueuuoQ xuanu ^enoeem. eso xumiua u eeo 
KoppecnoHdBHuuu - max a pyccKOu nepeeode EaponeO- 
CKoO HOHBenmju sauiume npae we/ioeeita u ocHoenbix 
ceoCod. - npuM. nep.) (cr. 8) - oaho h3 tbx npaa, mto 
uano noHRTHbt e UeHTpanbKoti Eapone. (/lacraTOMKO 



CKassTb. iTo. nanpHMep. b pyccKOM natixe Boo6iije hct 
raKOro TepuMHa) RonMUkin npeBbimaeT cboh nonnoMo- 
MMfl npM ycTaHOBneHHH niiMKocTM ne/^OBeKa, TeM caubiM 
owa HapymasT ero npaeo wa npnBaTHOCTb. B lUROnax h 
HHTepnaiax y^nTe/ib MnM BOcniiTaTefib mowct ycrpowTb 
oSbicit B riMiHbix Beiyax yHennKa, KoppecnoHAeHiinn na- 
UHeHTOB ncuxMarpkmecKMX 6onfaHKU ^ aamiioMeHHbix npo- 
CMaTpMBaeTCfl, BpaMe^Han laiiiHa oxpanneTcn cnaSo. 

rnaenafl nepSMeHa. xacaiOLAaHCH npasa na np^- 
BaTKOCTb. npOM30iijna b 1995 roAy. BbiJiM rpmhrtw 
nonpaaxki k aaKOHaM. n03BonniOLUMe no/rnqviM m ynpaa- 
neHnio oxpaHw rocyflapcTea (e nonbtue-UrzqdOchrony 
Pacstwa. mo xe, '^mo wawa iDCB - flpuu. nep.) ujmpoko 
wcnoiibSoaaTb onepaTHSHwe cpeACTaa, raKne kbk hoa- 
cnyLUMsaHiie, BM3yant>Hbiii KOHTponb, npocuoTp KOppec- 
nOHABHMM^. Ohm ^cnonbsyioTCR He TOJibKO Ann pacxpbi- 
THB, HO viAJif npeAynpextAeHMB npecTynneHHH. riosBO- 
nsHMe Ha TaKne npeaeHTiiBHue peiiCTBvia uatyr A^Tb 
MHHMCTp BuyrpeHHHx aen vi renepa/ibHwii npoxypop. 
3aKOHOAaTenbCTBO Aonycxaer BOSMOMHOCTb snoynoT- 
pe6neHMn. a bbbctm cyAe6HbiM KOHTponb naA BbiAaneH 
paspeiueHMH Mcno/ibsoaaTb 3th cpeflCTsa pesyribTara 
He flan M. 

CBoeojqa cnosa 

CBo6oAa CJ^OBa (cr. 10 KoHBenuMii) HapyiuaeTcn 
CTaTbSH 270 VronoBHoro KOABKca nonbiui^, b KoropoA 
rOBOpMTCn, -^TO TOT. KTO ny6nnijHo BbicMeHBaeT, yHUJKaer 
pyKOBOAflLAMe opraHU Pecny6nbiKki nonbuia hjih xneae- 
liier na hhx. tot noA^ieiMiT HaKaaaHMio n suae r\vnue»^a 
caoSoAbi 3Ta craTbfi b nocneAHne roAw ncnojibsoBa- 
nacb AJ1H aamiiTbi Ao6poro hmbhh xoHxpeTHbix noHMTM- 
KOB. UHBHUMSOBaHHbJM nOnklT>1K MOXCBT aaiuHLAaib ce6fi 
cau. a MCronb30BaHvie moiam rocyAapcTBeHHoii MaiuHHU 
-npOKypaTypbi, nonHLfiiki. TiopeM-fl/in 3toh L4enM a6co- 
jiiOTHo neAonycTMuo. OxpaHfieMan sToii xe cTaTbeii cbo- 
6oAa nory^BTb n pacnpocTpannTb HHct}opuauvtio orpa- 
HH'4MeaeTcn saKOHow o rocyAapcreeHHoA m c/iyx<e6HoA 
TB^He, KOTopMiino3BDnneTHcnonHMTenbHoiiBnacTMca- 
MoynpaBHo peujaTb, 4To otmccth k 3tom TaiSne. B rionb- 
lue HBT MexaHM3Ma cyAe6Horo KOuTponn, KOTopuM mo- 
xeT npoaepnTb, o6eperaeT nn hhhobhmk, kotopwm otkb- 
3biBaeTCR AaTb HHctK)puau»iK>. MHTepecbi rocyAapcTBa, 
viiivi KB OH npnwer 3a 3tom tbmhom cboio HeKOMneTeHT- 
HOCTb (earn He xyxe). 

CyinecTByeTei4eoAMacepbe3Ma«yrpo3aAnnrpa«- 
AaHcxMx npas m cbo6oa, censaHHan c ho/ivithkom. B 
rocyAapcTBe ecTb ntom. Koxopbie. b ctmy saHHMaeMUX 
AoniKHOCTeA. AOfHUHW 6wTb ewe noflOapeHHw, ^to mx 
fleiiCTBHfl Moryr 6i>iTb HanpaBnenbi na homck nonynnpHo- 
cra y KaxMX-To rpynn M36MpaTeneH. B nofibtue, no MOeMy 
ySeiKAeHHio. eCTb luecrb TaxMx nocroB: npeAceASTenb 
BepxOBHOro CyAa. npeAceAaTe/ib KoHCTMiyubioHMoro 
CyAB. yno/iHOMo>4eHHb<i^ no npaaau HenoBeica. npeAce- 
Aarenb BepxoBHOM KOHTponbHOM nanaTU. Ha^anbHUK 
reHepanbHoro iiiTa6a m npcAceABTenb UeHTpoSaHxa. 
BuiKHeHne STtix nna^fi e nonvirviHecKre nrpbi, a oco- 
6eHHo HenocpeACTseHHO b tirpbi BbiSopHwe, uoweT Ha 
MHOfHe rOAw rtOAOpBaTb AoaepMe k mx MHCTHTyTaM. 
rpawAaHHH. KOTopwii HeflOsepneTaTHMopraHnaaunfiM, 
nepecTaeT BUA^Tb a rocyAapcrae rapaHTa CBoeii 6e30- 
nacHOCTH, nepecraeT ^yacTBOBaTb, 4to 3to - ero rocy- 
AapCTBO, MTo OHO cymecToyeT Ana Hero. Kco*aneHMio, b 
nofibiue ABa Henoaexa 113 3tvix luecTK yMaciBOBarti b 
npesMfleHTCKHx ewBopax 3to eeAa Ann CTpaHbi 

Pepeeod c nonbCKOZo: O/ibsa Cy66omuHa 



www xana org 



32 



4 nPABA HEJIDBEKA 




HE Cli/IOM, A YMOM 

«Be3 HacHJiHfl K AeMOKpaTHM»-/iMCKyccMfl c ynacTMeM MapeKa HoaiiMKoro, npeAceAa- 
Te/iR XenbCHHKCKOro (t^oHAa npae MejioseKa, 3y3aHHbi cPHanoBoii, pyKOBOAHTenn npo- 
rpauM OoHAano npaeau MenoBexa BcrpaHax LJeHrpaxibHOM h Boctohhoh Esponbi, AAaMa 
Ko3ejia (OSujecTBO Apyseii TM6eTa) h ynacTHMKOB (peciMBana Kflpaea ^enoBeKa b khho* 
15-16 AeKa6pn 2001 r. 



MapeK HobmmkmA: 

BonfaiuMHCTBO ycneujHbix vtsMSHehiMii crpon or as- 
TopmapMbix CHcreu k neuoKpaTmi e luecTHaecflTbie 
roAbi npMHMMann ct>opuy 6ecKpoBHbix peeoniou^ti. Bue- 
CTO «B3nTMn 3MMHero ABopuan npefljiaranncb paanww- 
Kbte {t)opMbi oSmecTseHHOki Ae^TenbHOCTVi BoopyweH- 
Han 6opb6a Sw/ia euje aeiicTBeHHoii HenocpeflCTseHHo 
nocne BiopoA WMpOBO^ eoMHbi, e nepnoA 6opb6bi c 
KonoKHanH3MOM An>[Mp, Kvinp ia eBpei\cnvti\ reppop b 
ToraaiuHeM FlafiecruHe - npMMepbi nSMepiiMbix ycnexoe 
3Toi\ CTparerHM nocneflHMe roflw, oflHaKO. oKasweaeT- 
cn. '^To TaM, rfle npHMensieTcn HacMnwe, - noBea hbt, 

XOTH 6bl B CTpaHe 6aCKOB. ItCTOpMR HOKaSblBaeT B KOHUe 

KOHuoa, MTO ecnn KaKan-ro rpynna nonynH/ia snacTb b 

XOfXe BOOpyMteHHOVi peaOJIIOLlMM, to 06bNHO OHa OMSHb 

CKopo Ha-^MHaeT npwMeHqib reppop, FlocneAHee epewfl 
CTaHOBMTCfl nonynnpHUM TepuiAH HHeHaci^nbCTBeMHan 
6cipb6a». 

K ^eMy npMBOAMT Teppop, pa3 oh nanneTcn ronbKo 
MeroAOM oKaaaHHt) AasneHitn^ 

SanyrviBaHMe AS^'OKpaTM'^ecKoro Mupa tomb ab/ifi- 
ercn cpeacTBOM Ann flocTMweHHB hhwx u,enevi, n6o 
flCHO, HTo BoeHHbtu nyreM no6eA^Tb ^eMOKpaivmecKMe 
crpaHbi Henb3fl, nocKO/ibKy paHO HnM n03AHO 370 npuse- 
AeT H cTonKHOBeHHK) c CoeAMHeHHbiMM LLlTaTaMH 

^eoTenbhfocTb, ocHosaHHan Ha HacvmHH, HBac^^ieK- 
TMBHa n auopanbHa. B BoenMOu npoTi^BOcronHnii o6iue- 



CTBO ~ Bceroa cropoHa cnaSan , a anacTb - eceraa 
CMJibHan. ripaBkiTenbCTBO MUBeTTaHKW, cauoneTbi, af- 
6mhkh, OMOH.ay HaccaMoecHnbHoeopyJKMe-Syribix- 
HviK. 3to OHBHb HBBbiroAHan Ann hbc apeHa BoeHHUx 
flBHCTBHi*. EcnM Mbi xoTMM SopoTbCH Bcepbes, mw nonx- 
Hbi vicKaTb TaKoe none, tag mu CMnbHbi, a BJiacTb - 
cjiaQa KpynHbiM OTKpbiTtieM nocreAHMX neT 6bina cvina 
cMiexa. flraSan flUKrarypa crpaiuHo cepb€3Ha. HeaH/iH- 
Bbiii rocnoAHH b rancTyKe HyBCTByer ce6n 5ecnoMom- 
HbiM. KOrAB TOnna cueeTc;) hba kmm. B Honbuje 3tvim 
nyreM noujna «0paH)KeB3FianbTepH3TviBa», ciponceoio 
aenTenbHocTb wa ochobb luyrox h xeneHHHroB. Bnacru 
nHnero He Mornw cflenaib npoTwe cMexa. SaMe^aienbHo 
M/i/nocTpupyeT 3to «AsHb moMMKan. MneHbi «Opau)Ke- 
BOii anbTepHaTMBbui npocvinii. l^To5bl b onpeAenewHwA 
ACHb, B Ha3HaMeHHoe apeun xvitsjim ropoAa nprnuriM Ha 
pbiHOK, HapnweHHbie rHOUMKauM KpoMe o6bii-iHbiK tno- 
MIIKOB T3M 5binv\ THOMHKM-HneHbl ORMO iORMO - 

Ochotnicza Rezerwa MUicji oaywatelskiej- /Jo6poeonb- 
Hbiu Peiepe rpaiKdaHcuoQ Munuiiuu « HHP - flpuu. 
nepJ.DoRBMnacbHacTonmanuvinkmMn.nporpeMennpM' 
KaaKOMBMAHpa eXBaraTbrHOMOBlt) npeAcraBbTeceSe, 
KBK pacrepnnncb MMnMUHOHepbi. Kor^a rHOUbi-Apy>KviH- 
HiDKVi cTan^ nocnyiuHO xaaTaTb APyr^x mOMOB v\ BMecre 
c HHMH caA^Tbcn B MunMue^cKtie rpysoBHKH. MuntiMHtt 
npocTO OLuanena! Hy Kan xaaraTb Toro, kto cau. BpOAe 
5bi. OTflaeTcn b pyKn? 



'KAPTA' W 3S-40 KIM 



^ 



PSD MEMORIA 



33 



OcuoBHOfi npuMutin reopnn neHacunbCTBeMMOM 
6opb5bi nacaeTcn BwflBHraeMWx Tpe6oBaHHM. riepBafl 
uenb Heo6biHaiiHO eaxHa, 1160 ecnH ohs eyfleTaocTumy- 
Ta, TO « eaw 5yfl/T npHcoeflMHtiTbCn nioflH. ece 5onbiue 
M Sonbiiie nHDfleH. KpoMe roro, Ha^ianbHue Tpe6oBaHMfi 
flon>KHbi 5bnb pea/ibMbiMM. «Ecnn b xony, '^To5bf MKe 
noBbicunn 3apnnaTy h3 100 anoTwx, to noTpe6yio 500, 
8 Koraa MHe hkhhytm 3Ty cothki. to » 6yay AOaoneHB, - 
3T0 noflxofl HeaepHbiH. EcnH pe'^b naeTD6 o6mecTBeH- 
Hoii aesTenbHOCTM, tot, kto Tpe6oBan MHOroro, a nony- 
4nn MeHbiue, ^yecTB/eT ce6fl npOMrpaBujuM. flaiKe ecnv\ 
OH nonyHMn to, 4ero fleilicTBMTenbHo o^ewb xotb/i. «flo- 
BO/ibCTByexcn oeteflKawiiB, - citawyr nioflii To, yero n 
Tpe6yK), AonwHo SwTb b tomhocth tgm, mto n xoi^y nony- 
HUTb. CHaMara s noTpeSyio oflHy cnMHKy. 3to HeiMHoro. 
Mowbt, BnacTb He copweHTHpyeTCH, vto b - onacHbiw flnn 
Hse inenoeeK. h mhb yflacTCfl BWMrpaTb. Koraa b awHrpaio 
3Ty cnMHKy, h - noSeanrejib. Kto-to noflyMaei: «Bot 
nenoBeit' Tpe6oBan cnMMKy m nony^Mn ee. Haao npMmn- 
fleTbcn noBMMMarenbHee, mto 3to oh aenaeT». Torfla n 
noTpe5yio 1 cnHHCK. Ewin wine yAacTca *ix no/iyniiTb. to 

H BfiaCTb CMOTpHT Ha MBHA yjKC HO-flpyroMy, H JllOfltl 

mbhh oueHMBaKiT Bwaie: kOh aceraa aoSMeaeTCa Toro, 
•^e^o xohst, mowho "CTaBHTb" na Hero», Tenepb n noTpe- 
6yio Kopo6»(y enures A Korfla BbinrpaK) ee, noTpefiyio 
cnwHeHHyio $a5piiKy. Ho k rowy BpeMenw « 6yay yJKe 
nMflepoM flBMweHHH, noTOMy ^to nmavi SyayT kbth aa 
MHOii. A ec/iH 6bi b b cbmom HaMane Buiuen Ha njiou4aab 
Msaopan: «flaiiTe mhb cfin4eMHyio ttiaSpHKyle -to bob 
6h( cMeoriMCb na/i nenoeeKOM, xoTopwii BbiaBHrasT weo- 
6ocHOBaHHbie TpeSoBanMn. 

OTcioaa BbiBoa: nepaan us BbiaanraeMwx ueneii m 
HecKOnbKo ncc/ieaytomux - oco6eHHo Ba)KHi>i. Uaa Ma- 
XBTMOM raHAM cMennMCb, Koraa oh npeanaran npoBO- 
flHTb MaccoBwe aKUMn 3a OTMeny MOHononmt H3 npoMS- 

BOaCTBO CO/IM, fae HeSBBMCMMOCTb MHaHH. a me ne- 

cKOJibKO neHCQB B CTCMMocTM cofiM? Ho Tanan 3Han, hto 
OHflonjKBH 0praHK30BaTbflB*i)«e«Me, Oh BbiOpan peaob- 
Hyio uenb, MoHoronuFt Ha conb hb 6wnaanH anrnHMaH 

0CO56HHD BaJKHOH, OHH MOrOM yCTyHHTb. A KOraa TaHflH 

BbiMrpan 3Ty KawnsHmo, mar aa msroM om npmi;e;i k 

HeaaBHCMMOCTM MHflMM. 

MapTWH HtoTep KwHr, Koraa MMen ywe cojiHAHyra 
noAfiepwuy. na^sn 6opb6y 33 yHM4Towenne pacoeoii 
cerperaiiMM b ucHTparibHOM paiiOHe ManenbKoro ropoa- 
Ka B uTaTB Ana6aMa. Oh roBopnn, 4To SopeTCfl ronbKo 
33 TO, 4To6bi 6enbie h MepHOK0>«ne MornM BwecTe cHAetb 
B nMBHoti Oh pacc^nTwaan, 4to ecnn BbiHrpaei 3tii 
fiHBHue, TO He 6yfleT ocHOBaHMH anq paaaenbHwx aaro- 
6ycoB H OTaenbHbiii nnnxeui. A ecnw o6mne aBTo6yCbi 
5vayT a HBHTpanbHOM paiioHe, to sa^ew ocraBnuTb cer- 
perauMio b flpyrwx patioHax? A earn ee ne CTaneT a 3tom 
ropoane, , M TBK aanee. 

HaijMHaTb nano c o^ewb ManeHbKMx, ho xonxpeTHbix 
3aflaH EcriM kto-to nanan c Toro, hto npOKpvwan: «H 
X04y, MTo6bi BO Bcew Mwpe 6bma CfipaeeanMBOcrb h ne 
6bi/io mo6anH3ai4mi». - ero maHCbi na yaany Heae/iHKH. 

Aqbm Koae/i: 

Ctomf acnoMHWTb npnMepbi HeHacHnbCTBeHHoiii 
6opb6bi, KOTopbie noTepne/iH noxaaaTeribMbiB nopa)«e- 
HMn. OanH W3 TBKHx npwMepoB - TmSbt Tbi roBOpMJi o 
CBMHaecnrbix roaax. B aro apsMn a KwTae TBopnnacb 
KynbTypnan peaorroMHq. 3a xoTopyto MMnnMonw Jiioaeii 
pacnnaMiflBaniicbxiiSHbra. B^McnenpoHero Liina5opb5a 

CO KCTapbIMM 06bl4aflMH», HTO OSHa^BnO 3anpeT HOCMTb 



TpaaM^HOHHble KOCTIOMbI M flBMe nOJ1b30BaTbCS TM6eTC- 

KHM nsbiKOM. TiiGeTUbi aonxtHw 6wnn roBopurb na «o3bi- 
Keapy)«5bJ».yaMBHTe/ibHow HOBoo6pa30BaHm*-CMecH 
TMSeTCKoro n xMTaiScKOro. Koraa B Espone npoM30iu/iH 
BajKHBiSujHe nepeMeHw, flanaw-naMa nony^wn Ho6e- 
iieacxyKi npGMMio MHpa, KHP o6bnBnna a Tn6eTe aoen- 
Hoe nojiowcHMe. TosopH o laxTKne HeHacunbCTBeHHoft 
6opb6w, Haao noMHMTb aayx ycnoBiinx: «BHeiiJHeM» m 
iBHyrpeHHeww. Fl MMeto b BMfly oanosHaHHyio noaaspjK- 
Ky CBo6oaHoro Mupa m MejHaynapOflHoro oQmecxBeHHO- 
ro MHeHun h to. hto Bnacrw eoHTcn, ttorjia coScTaeHHwe 
rpa)KflaHe cMewrcn naa hmmm. 

MapeK Hobml^kmA: 

y MBHn nepea maaaMw ctdmt apauaTimecKaw cqe- 
Ha uiecTMneTHeM aaaHocTH, BceMHpHan KOH0epeHUHfl 
no rpaBSM lenoBBKa, opraHHsoBaHHan OOH; cothb 
npeMbepoB m mmhmctpob paiHbix saiKHbix rocyaapcTB, B 
Beny. rae npoxoanT K0H<j)epeH^^1n, npHeswaeTflanaii- 
naMa. OxasbiBaeTCA. uto. xota oh npnexari no npHrna- 
meHHK) npaBHTenbCTBa Abctphm, ero hb nycttaiOT b saa- 
Hue, rae npoxoanT KOHtpepeHijMB. Oh npoaoaMT scTpeMn 
C paSHbiMM ntoabMM b CnHKaMiueM napxe. fle/ierauMM 
HenpaBWTe/ibCTBeHHbix opraHHsauiHw, xoTopwe npoao- 
ABT napannenbHO CBoii Konrpecc, BbixoflflT H3 saaHHfl h 
BCTpenaDTCB c Hanaii-naMoii A b 3to bpbmb hs o^jmum- 
anbHoii (OHctjepeHumi BbicrynasT TeppopwcT ApacfiaT. 
npM3HaHHWM BO BceM MMpe oHflep HeHacHnbCTBeHHOH 
fiopbBbi pasroaapMBaeT c nioabMH b xycTax. a Teppo- 
pHCT - a rnaBHoii sane 

AflSM Koaen: 

3x0 - noaTBepinaeHHe roro. hto CTpaierMB «non- 
violencen mojkbt 6biTb ycneiuHoii npM ycnoBHM, hto 
npaanrenbOTBo npusHacT npHHMtmbiAeMOxpaTM^ecKoro 
cocymecTBOBaHMB TaKoii b/ibctm eme hbt a KwTae, ho 
yjKe ecTb - c HeKOTopbiMH oroBopxawn - a DrocnaaiiH. 
B BenrpaAB npomni* aoBo/ibHo aeMOKpaTMHecKtie Bbi5o- 
pbt: npsacTasMTenw onnosnnHw BOiunM b awSopHbie xo- 

MMCCMM, M Bbin, naKOH-HMKaxOH, MOHWTOpHHr BW&OpOB. 

CoBceM Apyrafl cMryaLinB b Tn6eTe. OxKynauiifl, 
MaccoBoe nepeceneHHfi xMraiicxHx KonoHMCToa, 4To6bi 
yTonHTb npoOneMy «noKanbHoro cenapaTH3Ma» e «Mope 
rywHOBH. 

Tii6eTiibi ywe cranii MSHbuwiHCTBOM 8 coScTBen- 
HQM cTpa^e, A y anacTvi cobcbm hbt HyaCTsa tOMOpa, B 
TOM caMOM rofly, xorAa flanavi-naMa Bwcrynan una raao- 
hb» b Bene. KUTaitCKne sjiacTH oGbBBunn bhb saxona ero 
ctiOT0rpa(}jMn, xoTH Ann aroro hbt HMxaKHx aaxoHHbix 
ocHoaaHHM. A TMSeTybi aewaiOT na cTewax nycTwe paw- 
KH, TBM caubiM BbicMBMBaioT BnacTH. Hepes ABC Heflenw 
KHTawcKoe npasMTenbCTBO sanpemaeT m 3to xlUyrHH- 
KOB» oTnpaBJinioT e TropbMbi h narepn arpyaOBoro nepe- 
BOcnMTaHMnn. 

MapeK Hobhukhm: 

KonenHo. Mu He peiuMOH m hb peujviM c noMou|b« 
flBiDKBHUB Hnon-vrolencen bcbx MwpOBbix npo5fieM. Ho 
TBOH npMMepw HeHacMJibCTBeHHoti 6opb6bi. ne npunec- 
LUMe pesynbTBTa. hb ao kohub y6eannM mbho. Bot ecnn 
6bi Tw npHBsn npwMep aoopyixeHHoii 5opb6bi. KOTopan b 
nocnsaHne flecBTb-asaauaTb neT npMHecjia peaynb- 
TBT... fl Taxoro HesHaKi. 

3y3aHHa (PnanOBa: 

MeHB HSMHOro CMyiuaex. mto Bbi roaopHTe o noxaaa- 
TGnhHbJx pesynbTaTax HSHacHnbCTBBHHbix peaoniomiH. 
B 0MnbMe «KaK aenaeTcn peaonwuMfl*, xoTopbiM mu 
CMOTpenn, ecTb o^enb xpacHOpeMHBafl cuena. OanN na 



WW1V IIV18 (XO 



14 



^ IPAIA NEilDliEKA 



nHAGpOB opraHtn33i4»i*i «Co- 
npoTMBneHMe» pticyeT rpey- 
ronbMMK u roBOptiT cbo»im 
TOBaptm^aM, vTo TOTanHTa- 

pM3M nOCTpOeH TBK, KaK 3T0T 

TpeyronbHMK. HeKoropbiM 
KSweTcn, -^To floCTaioiHo 
OTpeaaTb aepujHHy; ohm hs- 

3blBaiOT3TQpeBOniOl4l4eA. Mo 

T0TannTapn3M cmaut b nra- 
ARx 06 3T0M ^acTo aaSbiBa- 
WT, Koraa roBOpuT 06 ycne- 
xax peBorooL|[4M Ohm. ycne- 
XVI. He noneoTcn co ahh hb 

AflHb. BCflOMHHTe XOTd Bw 

Cep6MiO. rae na ynnubi bu- 
xoflnnn flecnTKH twcbih nio- 
Aef^.aToonMfiocbHecKonbKO 
Mecnuea. 

MapeK HoBMt^KMH: 

^a, nocfie o^anbCM^JH- 
unpoeaKHbix Bbi6opoe b Me- 
CTHbie opraHbi anacTH 6binH 
GoiibiuMe o6LiiecTBeHHbie 
npoTecTH MHnomeBHH ne 
peampoBan - raKyio Bbt6pan 
TexTMity. KaK flo/iro ntoflki 
Moryr xoflMT no yn^uaM m 
rpeMBTb KacTpionBMM? Bna- 
Cm peiuMJiM. ^To p3H0 unH 
n03/lM0 3T0 MU HaAoecT, M he 
omti6nMCb. 

SysaHMa (DManosa: 

Cauoe rnaBKoe. hto 
jitutepbi MDnoae)KHoro abh- 
KCHMn HSBneimM ypoKM 1^3 
3Toro nopaweHHfl B 1997- 
2000 roaax HenpaBMTenb- 
cTBeHHwe opraHMsaiiHM bo 
Bcex ManeHbKMx ropoAax h 
AepsBHsx npoeoflM/iM twch- 
4n MenxMX npoeKTOB. Jlto- 
AFiM paccKasbtaanM asmok- 
paTMM. ycTpaMsanw BCrpeMn 
M KOHLjepTbi. Be3 3Toro ycnex 
6bin 6bi HeB03Mo»(eH. nocxonbKy nHiiLiviaTMea raicoro 

pOA3 AO'^>KH3 ^CXOa^TIi CH)43y 

OneHb BamHO eiue pas noA^epxHyrb: Heubsn nep- 
BbiM Tpe6oBaHiieM BbicraannTb caepweMne cucreMw. B 
2000 roAy npOLunii Aee nonMrHi-iecKiie KawnaHn^ - a 
MexwHHwa yKpantie,-KOTopbieMMenMnoAo5Hbieuenn, 
Ma yxpawHe nocneySwiicTBa )(cypHanMCTa rpnropM(i Foh- 
raA3e oSHapywuDHCb aee Kaccerbi. xoTopwe janiican 
oxpaHHMK npesMASHTa Ky^MU. 3tm BMAeosanvicH yKasbi- 
BanM ha to. mto KyMMa npHMacTBH x yemicTBy. )K/pHanM- 
CTbi Bbim/iM Ha yriMUbi. B to we caMoe apeun b Dpare 6bifi 
ysoneH A^pexiop rocyAapcTae^Horo TeneBHAeHMn. Ko- 
MaHAs reneawAeHHn TpeSoaana era BoccTaHOsneHUfl. 

Ha nepBbiM Bsrntm KaweTCH CTpaHHWM, hto npoTecT 
B Hpare saxOH^Mncn ycnexoM, a na /xpsMHe - hct. 8eAb 
CMBpTb jKypHanwcTa - a to ropaaAO Oonbiuee noTpnce- 
Hkie. ^eM yaonbHeHne Hexoero A^pexTopa. ^ npticMOT- 
penacb BHtiMarenbHee x o6oi4m npoTecTaM h cpaaHiiJia 
MX TpeSoeaHHfl yKpaMMCKne jxypHa/iwcTbi c caworo Ha- 
vana KaMnaHMM TpeSosariM y6paTb KyviMy. renepanbHO- 



MapeK HoBHUKMM o npHBamocTH 

- HHeer /in npa«o Haiu pa6oToaaTe/ib cneatrr^ a» momh? 

- 3necb OBa MOMewra; nepat^ - BauiHra nauiero ^ocroMHcraa n npaaa ho 
yeaxBHtK nutHoU mmihh, a BTopoH - CBoOoaa aaioio^eHHn aoroaopoB. C oanofi 
CTopoHbi. MW aaxe Ha paCare Hueett npaso wa npHaeTuocTb, a c /ipi/roii - 
iKxnJHCbiBaeM aoroeop c padoronare/ieM n cor/BinaeMca c npaBH/ioMH. npuHmhi- 
Mn B aoMHoU cpyipMe. 

- 3HamiT, pa6oToaaTe/ii> mohict nonrimaiiiaxTh sa Hatm, noacAyuoi- 

BSTb... 

- Ho MoeMy y6emaeHnio, peiueioaoiM (iioKTopoM, MtwKer /m paC^jToaare/tb 
KOHTpo/mpoBSTb pa6oTHHHa, HB^nercH to. nan on yro aenaer-. hbho huh TsiiHO. c 
cor/tacHH pa6crmnKa m/zh 6e3. Eaw a aoroeope o nam^e na p36oTy CKasaMO, ■no 
pafioTHHKO Cyflyr KOHjpo/aipoBan c noMoutbio kbmsp. MHKpcxponoB, a paOoro- 
nare/ib dyaer mmsti, aocryn k era KoppecnonaeHunn. to. naonncuaaH TBKoft 
aoroBop. MbiaaeM no/iHOMO^HR KoinponHpoaaTbHac. Hopa6cmwKaoniKeH6bmk 
06 yroM npe^ynpejKaeH. 

- AecnHHenpeaynpUKoeH.ec/iH b aoroBOpe o KOHtpone HHsero He 

CKaSSHO? 

Hh onnH pa6cTrxaaTe/a. He tmeer npaaa HOHTpo/iupooarb nac 6e3 iiaiuero 
BeaoMa. nonc/jyianBa-n>, CHMMaTb cKpbiroii KaMepofl, jaimcuBaTb paaroBopbi. 
npocMarpMBaih KoppecnoaneHunio Moryr lo/iwto nannuHfi h cneuc/iym6bi. n to 
TO/tbKO a onpejieneHHtjx jaKowoM ctrrysunitx. M HUKaKoH sanon ne naiaonaer 
ae/iajh jto padoraaare/iio. Kanuiboi mmcct npaso na npHaaiiiocni, aaxe hs 
pa6oTe! 

- B no/ibCKOM 3aKOHO/iaTe/ibCTBe cment, TVHaHHo onHcaKO npaao na 
npHsaTHocik Ha pa6oTe. Hto, bo bccn HHpe tok? 

- >? Bcnommaio aeno ooHoU aHT/m^aHKti. Oua pa6oTana b nofinunM. V wee 
Ha pa6oHeM cro/ie 6bi/io aBa Tene4>ona: oawH /m*mbifi. /ipvrofi - aj\j}Ke6nbiii. 
Hepe3 HeKOTopoe apeMn BtmcHn/ioct^ tto cny;ne6Hi>iM TenecpOH npoc/iyuiHBa,icfi 
ee nuianbCTBOM, 11 m3-m smro y nee 6biiiyi KaKne-TO npoCneMbi. Osno paccMarpH- 
aa/iocb EaponeHCKHM cyaoM no npaaan lenoBeaa. KoropbiH abinec peinenne b ee 
no/ibiy. Pa6aTOaaTenb wower npoaepjTTb T&ie<pcnHbie C^era, ho He momst 
npoc/iyuiHBBTb 6e3 cornaatfi pa6orHiiKa. 

- Hto AenaTb, ecmi pa6oToziaTenfc KOHTponHpyer nac 6«3 Haui«ro 
BeaoMa? 

- HytKHOOTcraiiBaTbCBOH npaoa. HTo6bi peainTbCn na KOH<p/JHKr c pa6oTO- 
aaTe/ieM, hj/«ho M^wteciBO. no mm hb 6e33aiuifnibJ. Mw mombm noasrb rpaxaan- 
CKMM MCK o aaimne necTM m nocroHHCTBa, a Taivue ~ npaaa Ha npnaarHOcn.. 

Gazeta Wyborcza, 2003 r. 



ro npoKypopa m pyKOBOAHTo/ieii cneucny)K6, a eiye - 
AOcrynaKnpBMOMy 3(})npyABiyTaTOB, noTopbie noAASp- 
xanH npoTeciyiomiix Mexii jxe BUABMHynn 6onee orpa- 
HM>^eHHbie Tpe6oBaHtifl: oToaaaTb Hoaoro A^pexropa. 
ynpasAHMTb coBeT no paA^o- m TeneBeiqaHMto m i43Me- 
HHTb saKOH paAiio n TeneBHAeHHu. VKpaiiHCKan xawna- 
HHn HasbiBanacb aVxpaMHa 6e3 KyHMbi», a HeiuCKan - 
wOSiuecTBeHHoe TeneBnae»MeB VxpaMMUbi opraHMso- 
BariH HecKOJibKO MviTMHroB M najiaTo>4HbiM ropoAOK Ha 
rnaBHOH nnomaa^ b KMeae, noTOM oStRBHnH Kornex- 
TUBHyK) ronoAOBxy . Ohm 3aneMnM. mto fiyAyr ronoABTb AO 
Tex nop. noK3 Ky^ua He ymabt. ho laKOH^MnH, cauM 
noHMMaeie, ropaiAO paHbiue. CyA nocTaHOBHJi yAannTb 
MX c nnoi^aAH. noTOMy mto tbu co6MpanMCb nocTastiTb 
yxpaiueHMe k PoxAecTBy. A MemCKvie }KypHaiiMCTb< hb 
npeKpaiAann cbok) pa6oTV, ohh see BpewH 6bjnM Ha 
BHAy V\ nosTouy mm yAajiocb pa3i>flCHkiTfa cBOio Menb. 
3toh uenbK) 6btna AenonniTMaauMn o5inecTBeMHoro Te- 
reBMAenttn Ohh Qi^eHb yAS'^Ho HcnonbaoeanM womcht: 
ocranncb na pa6oTe b npa3AHMHHue ahm. nowepTBOBas 



-XAPTA- m3S-W 2(XM 



4 



m MEMOKIA 



35 



Po)(g]ecTBOM B Kpyry ceMb^. V\ euie oh^ o6ecneHtinM 
ce6e noanepjKKy onnoawuHOHHbix noniiTHKOB, 4ero He 
cyueriki caenaTb mx yKpaitHCKHe KOnnem. B K^eee nonH- 

TlilKM aaHflDM Bbl)KM;iaTe/1bKyK) n03ML|HK). 

3tm npkiMepbi noKasbisaioT, k3k Ba»cHO o6o3M3MHTb 
ncHyK), HO peanbMyio Msrib. a raioKe nonwTniecKyK) nofl- 
aepwKy. 

MapeK Hobhukmh; 

B aBTop^rapHOM rocyAapCTBS sauBneHne npoT^a 
Mero-nn6o pacLieHHBaercfl kbk aHTwrocyflapcreeHKan 
flenrenbHOCTb. npuflewoKpaTHMTo.in-o/iKjflHopraHMsy- 
iOT uaH^cfscTaM^H kinM MapiuM ^3 OflHOro ropoaa a 
ApyroH, Aa6bi 6biTb ycnbiLuaHHbiMM. - coaepmeHHO Hop- 
Ma/ibHo. TaKi^e uaHMctiecTauMM - xopoujo MseecTHan 
TexHMKa, OHS paccMarpMBaeTCfl kbk MHiJjopMamioHHan 
flenTenbHOCTb. a He ksk 6opb63 npOTMB snacni. Koraa y 
Mac ecTb ue/ib, nepage, hto mu flojiwtHbi aenarb - HCKarb 
nooqepHCKy. k1 H3<^MH3Tb HyjKHO c anajiMsa. Kto uo^ 
C0K)3HMKM? KTO - npOTHBHMKH? Kto COMHesaeTOI? Her 
CMbioia 0praHbi30BbiBaTb KaunaHMK) Ans^ rnaeii. koto- 
pbie M TSK noflflepiKneaKJT mom waeH. B new nx y6ew- 
flaTb, Korfla ohm yxe y5e)4{/i.eHbi? He ctowt TpaTHTb 
Bpeun. HT06bi nepey6eAHTb BparoB, ohm ace paaHo He 
noMflyr 3a mhom A bot re, noTopwe eme ne umbiot 
coScTBeHHoro MHennFi. - 3to cawbie rnaanbie Ann weHfl 
jitoflM. HHijjopMauMOHHan aenTenbHocTb flon>KHa SwTb 
Hanpaanena na hmx. 

C Apyroii CTopOHw, Hy«HO np03Hann3iipOBaTb, kto 
ecTb Apysbfl MOMx apy^eit vi aparii uovix aparoa Bpam 
BparoB Moryr noaaepwaTb MeHn, noTOMy hto y Hac okb- 
McsTcn 061UMM npoTvtSHMK. HanpHMep, ohm Moryr ne paa- 
AenPTb MObix ySexweHMu, htd k )HkiB0THbiM Ha^o otho- 
CMTbca fyMaHHO, ho noflflepwtaTb weMti na3no rew, kto 
paaBOAi^T KopoB Mrw noLuaAeii b yMcacHbix ycnoavinx. 
flpysbft flpyseii woryr noAAepJKaTb weHfl npocro ii3 Mys- 
craa conwAapHocTn. CocTasMB laKyio nonHTHMecnyio 
KapTy. ubi noMweM, na Koro fionwHa 6biTb Hanpaanena 
Haiua AenTeribHOCTb. M TojibKO nocne SToro Mbi CMO>t<eivt 
npaBHribHO Bbi6paTb iTOsynrvi Hame^ KaunaHMM. A 310 — 
o<4eHb cnoxHap aaAa^a. KorAa e cewitAecFiTbie roAbi Ha 
tore MTanuM npoxOA^n wapiu npoTHe npHcyxciBMn raw 
aMepkiKaKCKkix aoennbix 6a3. opraHtiaaTOpbi rviapma 
BuSpariM no3yHrvi. npoeepenhbie Ha ptiucK^x uann^ec- 
TaqMnx. npkignnsMTenbHOTaKneiaflwOHCOH.BoaBpainaM- 
cn K CBOMM KopoaaMla. Ho KOfAa 3TM nosyHru yaiiAenirt 
KpecTbAHe e Aepeanax, ohh noflyManw: «Mto, pasBO- 
AMTb KopoB - 3T0 nosopHO? Ohh hbc o6M)«aioT» floayHr 
Gun xopouj a 6onbii)OU ropoAe. a b hpobmnlimm - ne 
cpaSoran, 

CyiUeCTByiOT OBB OCHOBHbie TeXHHKM HeHaCHIIb- 

cTBeHHOii OopbSbi, na3BonHioLMMe entiHTb na s/iacTb. 
riepaan McnonbsyeTTo. hto aracTb He howbt Ses o6me- 
CTBa, KOTopbiM ynpaajineT. SnannT. Haao OTpeBBTb 06- 
uiecTBo OT anacTvi ia Hay^tiTb nicixevi oGxoAH'i'bcn 6e3 
Hee. Onenb xopomo abipaSMr ary lApjeio HueK KypoHb: 
«He JKruTe noMwreTw, co3AaBaMTe coficTaeHMbien Ory 
TexHMKy Mcnonb30Ban FaHAVi b HananbHOM i^aie 6opb5b! 
aa CBo6oAHyto HHflmo. rtpoTecryn npoTHB BnpHKpenre- 
Hiino KpecTbflH K seune. oh opraH^soaan TSKyio aKUMio 
MMTenM yxOflnnn via cen, ociaBJina law xoanes. 

Eme HcnofibsyoT laxoe opyjKwe, kbk 5oftKOT, Ero 
ycneujHO npHMeHnnT b 6opb6e npoTwa aceobuieii bohh- 
cxoii noBMHKocTvi M npoT^B ((iviHaHCoebixcTpyKTyp Oai^h 

M3 CaMblX M3BeCTMblX npHMCpOB - npOTSCT npOTMB aHf- 

nmataio BepKJiet^ EaHKa. KOTOpbii^ sen Gmshbcc enac- 



TBMH KDAP, xorAB laM npoflOflMnacb nonMTMxa anapTew- 
Aa. Haki6onbLijy>o npM6binb, KaK MseecTHo. 6aHKy npHHO- 
CHT 0HH3HCOBwe onepsu^M. BaHK b cocTonHHH BMnjia- 
TMTb B TeneHtie HecKonbKux ahcm MaKCMuyM AaanuaTb 
npoueHToa Tex cpeflcra, mto y Hero ecTb. Bomkot Gshkb, 
Kor^a Macca auiaAiviKOB oAHOBpeMSHHO noTpeSyeT 
BbinnaT. onenb onacna Ann 6aHKa. HpeACTaabTe ce6e 
E^vi3kioHOMMio A^pexTopa EepKne^ 5aHKa. Korga no npH- 
3biBy npoTHBHMKOB anapTeMAB Tbicn^n nioAeH no3aKpu- 
aaoH ceoMc^era OHTyTweBwcTynHnnoTeneBMAeMmo 
v\ 3anBvin, hto BepKneii Bbnk HUKorAa ne 6yAeT 6onb(ue 
HMBTb Aena c npaaiiTenbCTBOM KDAP. 

OAHa H3 4)opM 6oi;iKOTa - 2a6aGToaKa 3a6acTOBKa 
6biBaeT MTarbBHCKan - na pa604eM wecTe Hnw 3a6ac- 
TOBKa-nporyn. KorAa nioA" ho buxoa^it na paSoTy Cms- 
<4aiia nonynnpHocTbio nonbsoaanacb BTopan 0opMa -c 
HeBbtxo/tOM Ha pa6oTy. Ona ujkipoKO kicnonb30Ba/iacb b 
CliJA M B BenviKo6pMTaHMii. OflHaxo 3Ta (f<3pMa Mueer 
cyiuecTBeHHwiii HeaocraTOx. nerxo aosHUKaioT \mpem6- 
pexepbi VI 3T0 He odnaarenbHO HOSbie psGothmk^*. npM- 
HflTbie BMecTO 5acTyHDiuMx flero a tom, mto ntoAM hbao- 
eepHMBbi no cbosm npupofle. Korfla nwAep npoBoarna- 
maeT: «3aBTpaHapa6oTy HenptixoAMu!*. MHorvienoAy- 
waoT bA He AypuT nH oh mohh? Htq. ecnii n oamm ne 
naniocb, a ocianbHwe - npHAyr'^B TaKMe nptiAyr Ha 
4)a&pkiKy npoeep^Tb, a cauoM n^i Aene ceroAnn 3a6ac- 
TOBxa, a y)K oenBujncb, CKOpee ecero, npuMyrcsi 3a pa6o- 
jy. noaiowy a nonbiue b 1980 roay peuiimM iicncnb30- 
eaTb MTanbAHCKyio saCacroBKy. Mbi He CkuienH aomb m He 
wAanM. noxa nac naMHyr neperprviBaTb na cbokj CTOpony, 
a ocTSBanMCb Ha <^a6pMKax. 6noKiipyn mx. \A yeepeH- 

HOCTb, 4T0 HHKTO He OTCTynMTCn H ne B03bMeTCn 33 

pa60Ty, noAxpennnnacb e\ue h tcm, hto mm see Bpews 
6bt!MA BMecTB v\ <^yBCTBoeani4 cboio CMny. 

flpyryio rpynny TexHonomii HeHaciinbCTaeHHow 
GopbObi MowHD Ha3aaTb a3acbinaHMe necxa b ujecTepen- 
KM rocyA3pcTBeHHOii MarnHHun. npM GnoKHpoaaHMH pa- 
6oTbi rocyAapcTBeHHoro annapaTa onenb bbwho 4To6bi 
HaujMA6k^CTBMfl6binMHaueneHbi MMenHOBToro, xoro mw 
xoTkiM yAapHTb, HM B Kosw cnyMBe hb b Apyrvix' HiOAeM 
onenb rerKo nacTpoMTb npoTue ceGn Hmohho nooTOwy k 
MeHacHiibCTBeHHO^ 5opb6e Hejib3H oTMecrvi metoa flen- 
nepa. (AndiKBu flennep [Andrzej Lepper] - c 1992 s 
nudep npofpcoiosa tpepuepoe iCaMoo6opona». c 2000 
z. - «Cauoo6opona PecnydnuKU nonhuian. npo(pcoi03 
nod pyKoeodcmeoM flennepa dnoKupoean dopozu. sax- 
eamhiean noMeuienufi aapodcxux ynpaa. npoeodun mu- 
muHsu u nunemu HeodHOxpamno o6eunnncsi e ocKopd- 
neHuu KOHcmumyuuOHHbtx opaaiioe PecnydnuHU nonbaia. 
nodmafiKueaHuu k npuMeneHuio cuxbi u napyujenuu o6- 
tMBcrneeHHOso nopudna. - llpuM. nep.) 

nonbiTKaB03AeMCTeoBaTbHa MtiHktcTpa ((iMHaHCOB. 
neperopajKHBan Aoporw, - rnynocTb, CTpaaan or aroro 
He BanbLtepoBHH. a oBwHHwe nioAn. KOiopwe w3-3a 3tmx 
nwKeTOB He uornn nonacib na paGoTy. OiKMAanMn. ^to 
BnacTb ycrynMT, noTowy ^ro aaxo^ei noMoib cbomm 
rpa)KAaHaM. ne cGbinHCb. 

AaaM Kosen: 

rip^Mep c Bepxne^ BanKou He noAxoAHT Ann Km- 
Tao. OAR 6bina b btsonnunM. npaKinsecKbi, bo acex 
OTHOmeHMHx. B KwTae - HWMero nofloGnoro. IO>KHoa<t>pn- 
xaHCKne cnopTCMeHbi ne Mornn ynacTBOBaTb b onMMnMii- 
CKiix Mrpax. a K^iaiicKyio HapOAnyKi PecnyGnMxy hmkto 
Hti B HCM He orpaHMHtiBaeT. Aaxce npt^snant^ 3a ne^ npaso 
npHHHMBTh OnMMniiaAy 2008 rofla. Ha eonbiuwe irraAw- 



■AvwkAfiaorO 



3B 



4 



nPABA >IEiiaBEKA 



OHU, rae mu ^epea HSCKOntKO Jier 6yaeM nio60BaTbcn 
3TneT3MM, ycTaHaejibiBa>ou4i4MM Hoewe ukipoetiie peKop- 

>]bl, Ce^HaCCfOhHKDTTblCH'^tl/IIOABM, HTQ^bl TGCMOTpenkl 

)KecTOKne,OTBpaTMTenbHb(ecneKTaKnM,HMeHyeMbie«WM- 
THHraMH ocyMCAeHMfl»< 

TpyflHo 6bino 5bi rOBOpHTb o Somkotg 5aHK0B, eefly- 
U4^x 6^3Hec c KbiTaeu, ecn^ 3tot 6hi3Hec Hueei A3we 
BceuHpHbiii Bshk. KOTopbiii npiiHFn peiueHkie o JibroT- 
HOM Kpe^t^TosaHMM K^ran. Kpeat^T npeaH^3t4^^a^cFl na 
nepeceneHtie KviTaHCKoro HaceneHMn Ha reppMToptiKi 
TMeeTa B nocneAHHiiHOMeHTOHiiOTMeHnnM3Topeuje- 
Hue. HO TonbKO H3-3a HecooTaeTCTBHfl 3Toro itpeflUTa mx 
BHyrpcHHei* npoue^ype. Ohh nonpocnrM r\emn noa- 
CTpoMTbCH nofl MX npoueaypy, mo KMiaflubi MaxHynH 
pyKOii H3 6aHK m saftBunki, ^to mm 3to oaonMieHvie He 
HyjKHo, OHH M caMn npoct)MHaHCMp/K)T nepeceneHHe. 
TonbKO oHCKb HeMHorMe ct^MpMbi H36erdrOT K^Tan (Ha- 
npuMep. Lewi's), m to TonbKO noTowy, 4to upacKpyMUBa- 

KDT» CBOM «nO/l»TMMBCKM KOppeKTHblH» nOrOTHH. 

MapeK Hobmukhm; 

B Beni/iKo6pv\TaniAii\. HanpMuep. Koraa bu simaAbi- 
eaere jieHbrw b noflone'^HbiM Kannran, bu craBHre yoio- 
Bwe, MTO OHM He Moryr 5biTb ncnoJibaoaaH w Ann TOproanw 
opyJKiieM. ann TOproanii c KHTaew, hb Moryr 6bJTb MHae- 
cTupoBaHbi, HanpkiMep, b otkopm cKora. B nonbiue n 
npo5oBan Cflenarb 4to-to noflo5Hoe, ho pa6oTHiiKM 
nojibCKMx 6aHK0B flawe He noHnnn. o ^eu >« rosopMn. 

HaAeraCb. pSHO MJ1M n03AHD 3TOT o6bl'HaM AO^A^T kl AO 

Hac. 

SyaaHHa (DManoBa: 

EcTb euje oa^^h 34>4)eKTiiBHbiM bma saxoHonocnyui- 
HOM AesTenbHocTn - Maccoatie «aro6bi e cya fl cnpa- 
iuMea;ia yKpaMHCKvix)KypHamcTce. noMeuy onv\ He o6pa- 
maiOTCfl B CrpacSypr OTseriinn «npe»(fle wsm o6pa- 
TMTbcn B CTpac5ypr, naAo npoiiini ece HaujH cyAe6Hbie 
MHcraMLiHM, a 3to saHnno 5bi MecKonbKO neT», Bosmojk- 
HO, HO Mbi AonwHbt paccuMTbiBaTb, HTO Hauja 6opb6a - na 
Aorrkie roAw. 3th >KypHanncTbi Syayx b Te^CHHe He- 
CKonbKMX nej KawAwe 2-3 wecfiija ycTpawBaTtj AewoHCT- 
paunH 3a 3T0 spews CTpac6yprcKiiii cyA ywe aaBHo 
paccMorpeji 6bi aeno. 

KorAa npoBOAHiiib Kawnaniiio. nenbsn orpaH^uM- 
BaibcsR OAHoii tbxhmkom. Hyicno OAHOBpeueKHO MCKaTb h 
MeKaynapOAHOi^ noAflepwKH, npOBOAHTbnoriMTMHeCKHH 
no65nMr b CBoeii CTpane m pa6oTaTt c npeccoii. M Bce 

3T0 AODKHO SblTb O'teHb XOpOLUO CKOOpflHHHpOBanO, 

MapeK Hobmukhm: 

fla HywHo onpeae/iHTb npoSnewy m opraHH30BaTb 
flHCKyccMio no aioii npoSnewe. Wworfla npoueccc/ieflyeT 
ManHxaTb Aa*e e tom cry^ae. ecnn mw sapaHee anacM, 
HTonpoMrpaeM.flocraTOMHOToro.MTOBOKpyrnpoSneMbi 
paaoBbeTcnAHCKyccwn. 

Tonoc Ha lana: 

AHTiirjno6aniiCTOBTpaitTyK)TKaKTeppopMCTOB. ripw- 
uep - M36HeHMe yMacTHbiKoe uaHM^ecrauM^ b reHye b 
2001 rOAy Mto AenaTb c TaKMUK cnyLtaflMH HapytiieHMn 
npaa MenoaeKa a 3anaAH0M wupe? 

MapeK Hobmukhm: 

H 5bi He cyflMn CTonb KaTeropMHMO B MTanHw cyA 
pa6oTaeT CKaepHO. ho raw ecTb mMpoKMe bo3mo«hoc™, 
'4To6biAo6HTbcncBOMxnpaB TnaBHa^MSHkix-EBponeM- 
CKMM cya no npaeau HenoaeKa s CrpacCypre. c sepAHK- 
TawM KOToporo HianHfl cMHTaeTcn, m >Kano6bi rpaJtuiaH 
MTsnMM, nax npaeMno. rpM3HaioTCfi o6ocHoeaHHbiMi4. B 
peaynbTBTe AenTeribMocTH EaponewCKOro cyaa 6bino 



1 . /le/ibraiuaH 

B 1 988 rojy nepecrpaUKa. xaxercn, erne »e 

Ho K3 nopew nac, no/iHT33Koa, yme BbinycnviH. 
npaaaa. He rtcex. Bar omm m3 hhx c6ejKan wa 
ccbi/iKH. npume/} ko tme h roaopuT: 

- Xov/ Oewaii. ifj PoccHtf. 

-Ha niKe iime 6eman n no/i^wi lO/ierf 

- Bce poBHO y6ery. HaeepHoe. a Typutno hhh 
^epes TuxnH oKean Kyaa-HHOyat. 

- Her. roBopio. nepes OKeaH no/iro. a b TjpuMto 
onacHo. Sot cemac, Ka/KercH, rpaMnutJ na 3anein 
xt/xe oxpaHmOTO!. bot m fie™ lyaa, a ny^me norona 
HSMHoro - r/uumuih, CKopo h Bcex fiyaj/r BhinycKan. 

Ho npHtrre^b Mofi /TarepHWM mnaTb ne xore/i. Oh 
cae/ian ne/ibTannan n noneren na 3anaj. Vna/i, 
aioMO/i Hory h onnTb no mhc npMexa/i. yxe na koctv- 
/iflx, - oruTTb, roBoptrr, no/iewy. 

Mne /Ka/ib ero cra/io. n h Man eiwy re/ieipoH 
MapeKa HoamiKoro. mo/i, ec/iH a rionbwe npn3eM- 
mmibcu. 6yneT KOMy no3Bomfn>: MapeK tokb u3 hs- 

UIHX, H3 33KOB. KOTb H nO/IbCKMX. 

Hepe3 Mecuu 3bohitt MapeK: 

- Tb! Koro KO MHe noa^an? 

fisatwncfi. n6o maHepyicr My/KHK 6bi/i orpoMHuH 
K Hei/paBHOBeuieHHbiii - aapyr naii/nu/i tsn wero. 
MapeK cnpauiMBaer; 

- EaiH ero oCparMO BwaaanM. to ero nocaaiTT? 
-HenpeMeHHonocaajn: -oTBeiaio, -ohikscpok 

He nocune/i, c6ema/i^ Bbi yx tbm KaK-MMfiyat ompaBbre 
eroaa/tbuie, Ma 3anaii Kj/aa-HnGyab, a ciona He hano... 
C orpoMHtJM TPS430M MapeK era cnposami/i s 
AMepnKy, oCwse/icB, aonro npocnm mhb ne Mor 
"noaapn^. 

2. IlpeziocTepeweHHe 

B cBoa iKpBbn'i npHeaa Ha Sanaa yc/itjuia/j n 
BbiciynneHne MapeKa. KaK onroBopHn! Myxa npone- 
TifT - Bce c/JbiuiaT. MapeK roBopM/i tsk ajopOBO, vro 
coBceM MHe xyao crano - bot kskohh npoaaHHymicb, 
hac o6orna/ui.neaornaTbHaMHvtKoraa aamsriomM^'. 

Uoaie BbicTyn/ieHMH MapeK cmen Ha m/inaikKe h 
KypM/i 6e3 ocraHOBKH. 

J? noaowen c ipeneroM, 6/tokhotom h aBropjw- 
KOH: 

- FocnonMH HoBmjKHfi. momho cnpocnTh? 
MapeK saKypun erne oany. 

- CuaJKKre. rocnoaiw Hosnu?tH*i, KaKne caubie 
6o/?bu/HC Tpy^HOCTH BCTpeTH/iM Bhj Ha npaBosau/HT- 
HOM nym b nocneanee BpeMir? {H aanMCbiBan raroTo- 

-CaubiecTpaiMHbie Beiuff--- FlepBan - imonbHfm. 
CBOHX apysefi. Bropati - kbk no/iswm> rpanr m tsk ero 
noTpaufJb, vjo6 c Han6o/iiiUjeSi nonbsoH. a ne mom hb 
Kawapax KynifTb. - . 

y Menu k pytui onycnvincb - fro ajecb aanwcij- 
aan.? 

flHuib wepcs neCHO/ibKO ner n nomin see cno/jna . 

AneKcei) Cmhphob 
OK-rnfipb 2003. Mockbb 



KAPTA' NO 38-40 200- 



4 



PRO MEMDRIA 



37 



M3MeHeHo jaKOHOAaTenbCTBOCTpaMbi. floceii nopw jua- 
;io6a He Morna 6biTb nofl&Ha na nomuHio, Tonbtto Ha 
KOHKpeTHoro nonMLtewcKoro. Ho noHfl-mo, hto Korfla aac 
6bioTfly6MHKoii, eau HeAOToro, HTo6bi BbiflCKHTt 4)a«n- 
nvm w 3anoMMHaTb HOMep cnyNce6Moro yAOCTOBepenhin 
Toro, KTo 6beT. CipacSyprcKMH c/A nocraHOBiin ii3Me- 
KMTb 3TO npae^jio: renepb mohcho ManoBSTbCn na non^- 
UHio, a 6peMB AOKasarenbCTBa ne)KHT Ha nefi. a He na 
sauBMTene. 

Tonoc M3 3ana: 

CyLijecTByeT MneHMe, '^to npaaa nenoeeKa uoryr 
npHBMTbcnronbKD raM, tag rocnoACTsyeT aanaAHan Kynb- 
lypa. TM6eT 6wn ne fleMoxpaTMnecKMM rocyaapcTBOM, 
enacTb tbm ontipanacb na aBTopHTBT AanaH-naMb) 
HbiHemHHiA Asnai^-^awa CKaaan, hto totob AoSpoBo^b- 
HO OTKaaaibcn or e;iacTn, (B 1949 zody apuup Kumau- 
CKOU HapodHou PecnySnuKU emopanacb e Tu6em. B 
1959 e. Safiau-nama ebinymd9n 6btn 6ejKamb a Hnduio. 
ade cosdan npaeumenbcmeo Tudema b uizhshuu. 87000 
mudemuee nocnedoea, iu sa caoum nudepom na *4y)K6uny 
— B l^HduK). Henan u BymaH. K HocmofjuieMy MoueHmy 
e smux cmpanax Hacwmbieaemcfi donee 130000 mu- 
CemcKux 6e>Kenuee. - npuu. nep.) Kax Bu Aywaere, 
cMoryTnii-m6eTUbiycTaHoanTbA6MOKpaTvi^eCKyK)Br3CTb 
B cBoew cTpaHe? 

Aabm Kosen; 

B 1963 roAy Ranaii-natAa npoaoirnacbir Aeuoxpa- 
TMMecKyio KoHCTviTyukiK) Tkieera. ocHOBaNHyio na npHH- 
Ljiinax GyAd^f^cKoA AyxoBHOcm. a raoKe na BceoOuieM 
/leimapauKH npas ^eroaeKa. 3a ary KoHCTHTyiuiio npo- 
ronocoBaro OKono 100 twccn THSeTuea. wt^aym^x a 
ti^maH^ti. 3Mtirpai4MQHHoe rocyAapciBo TtiOer viueei 
ABwoKparti'^ecKH KoSpaHHwe Hcno/iHHTenbHyto. aaicOHo- 
AaTG/ibHyio H cyAe6Hyio anacTvi. 

SyaaHHa it>Ma/ioBa: 

A ecnM KTO-To yraepjuAaeT. "hto npaaa ^enoeeKa 
Aon)KHbi5biTbKynbTypHOo5ocHoaaHbi(iinnHeo6ocHOBa- 
Hbi), nycTb cnpoci^T y Tex, kto noABeprancn nbiriOM 3a 



CBOH nonmnHecKMe B3rnnAbi. nerne nH mm 6bino OTToro, 
HTo OHH CTpaAanM a cooTaeTCTBHn c ueHHocTnMM nauM- 
OHa/ibHOM KyfibTypw? 

MapeH Hobhukhh: 

Dpaaa ■^enoaeio - 3T0 yHHaepcanbHoe Hflpo, k 

KOTOpOMy MOJKHO OTheCTW TaKMB USHHOCTH, KBK /IM^MaB 

cso6oAa An\A cao6oAa aepo^cnoBeAaHbia. A aoKpyr sto- 
ro nAPS: BHe ero, HaxoAflTcn HHue npaaa, saaxicnuivie ot 
AaHHOM KynbTypu. 

A/iaM Ko3en: 

Mw norpyxteHbi a lyMaH aScypaa KoMwyHiicTvufec- 
K3fi napTHn Kkiran orpeKaeTCfl ot /jotapMHw MapKca v 
JleHHHa. o KOTopoH MOMHO cKa3aTb ece, >jto yro^HO. 
TOfibno He to, hto oHa poxAsna b KwTae. H b to we caMoe 
apeun nepabiti cexpeTapb KoMnapmn KMTan b TnOeTe 
MaawBaer 5yAAH3M 4y>Kaoii KyjibTypow. nccKonbKy on 
Qbtn sMMnopTMpoBaH»^3 Mhamh noHTti ofie Tbiccmn ;ieT 
Ha3aA- Bonee roro, KiiiTaiicKaH HapaAHan PecnyQuMica 
HBoneTCH MnenOM CoBeia 6e3onacHocTM OOH, noAriH- 
cbiaaeT h paTi>i0iiuMpyeT aa)KHe^Luiie MexcAyHapOAHbie 
naxTb) M KOHseHunH no npaBaw HenoeeKa Saneu >Ke ona 
BHHCbiaaeT ce5n b cuCTewy nopM. KOTopue He npHanaei 
H He coSiipaeTCn ncronhBTb? 

MapeK Hobhmkhm: 

HacTo npaBa nenoaeKa vicnonbaytoTCfl 6b)6opo'HH0 
KaK MHCTpyweHT a/ih AocTMxeHHJ! KOHKpeTHHx nonnTn- 
<-iecKux unM 3K0HOMti>^ecKMx LteneM. Ho hocmotpmm Ha 
3T0 pea/iMCTHHecKH. Ecnit 6m n oSHwenHO aanaMn, mo 
xoMy cnpaBeAnHBOCTH ao aceu Mi4pe m ronbKo, ro n ne 
nonyM^n 6bi Hkmero noarauy ne BcerAa aawHo HaMepe- 
Hwe. BaMHO, HToSbi Aannoe rocyAapcTso coSnioAano 
npaaa nenoBeKa, a uenbero- na BTopoM nnawe. RpMMep 
TaKoro 1136m pa Ten b HO ro nOAxoAa - coapeMeHHbiM Km- 
T3M. M c 3TMU HaAO HsyMHTbCn >KMTb, a noHflTHB npaa 
HenoeeKa CTapaTbcn pacnpocTpanntb KaK mowcho ujHpe 

OSpaSorriKa me tec ma: KaponuHO KypeK, 

Aaama nempacb, Bapmoiu Saaada. 

nepeaod c no/fbCHoao: fO. Ceaan 



- Toe B noBcemeBHoti »ui3hh mu woxeM Hcno/ii.30B«tTii SHaHim o npasax qeAOBeita? 

- Beaae. Mw a<wtiHbi crpeMKnca k omomemnm. ocHoeanHbiM hh npaee. Korna-To 6iino mohho roaopnTb o 
•neMOKpanr>iecKOii aiKO/ie'. Sroiyuib. UlKona ae Momer 6i>rThaeMOKpaT>Piecnofi. HOMOfKeT6brn,npaBOBo(i. VtemiKtuin 
cryaem aonmeH toiho 3naTb. 3a •no ero Haxaxyr. a aa fio - Harpaam. Bot pe6enoK pa36nn MaMHwy nio6iiMyio saay. 
Pa3 OHa ero 3a3TOOT/iynm, a npyrofipa3, fiyajwf a xopomcM wacTpoeHHH, CKa«er^ 'Tbi Mod xopouutti. sado^Ky padCwif 
Ha Tefie HOHqbeTvy, Me paccrpaMBafloi'- PeSewoK or STOro myneer. OHHenoHMMaernpaBH/iMrpuHxesHacT, kakcq6ii 
aecTH. riosTOMy aa/KHO. fToCu vejoacK a axone. Ha paOoTe h aaxe a ceMbe He craHOBH/tCH odheKvOM npon3BonbHbix 
peaieHnn. saBHonma or vbero-ro HacrpoeHHn. 

- roBOpRT, 1TO B rio/ibiiie Hoc/ie 89-ro roaa cBo6oiia trrana o6ineiiocTyiniof). Batt m« KaMercii, tto iia- 
aa aroro oHa HecKo/ibKo noTcpfuia cboio ueHHOCTb? 

-KoHewMO, MU jenepb Menbiiie roBopuM n ayNaeM o coo6cu2e. Hmbmho noTOMy. ^tro uneeM 6onbUie... A bot ec/at 
6bi Mbi Haia/iK ee repim. Toraa 6bi chobs sarosopunn o hsh. 

- H fTO, HOWHO CHHTBTb, HTO y MaC TCnepb COBCBM Her npO&ICM CO CBo6oaOH? 

- Ecrb. H imoraa aecLMa KOMutnue, xan, anpoiew. BpeMenami noMii-iHa caMa no^bcuatr nommtiia. HanpitMep, 
BCKope aon>KeH nonawrbCfl aanper HCUO/ibaoaaTb 6eH3iw 6e3 npyiuecefi. Hy, eaie Momno 6bino 6u Batipenm npoaaaaTb 
x/ie6 663 rrpHwecH 10% conoMbi. A tto? CojoMa OeaepezTHa, a (pepMepbi oxomo 6w ee npoaaaa/iH. foc.wjapcTBO 
BueuiMBaercff ao MHO»(ecrso pasHbix npoO/ieM. He uMes peanbHoii oosmcmkhoctm hx peuiHTb. Orroro u TBOpttr 
ct>HKTHBHbie saKOHu. Tepflfl yaaiKeHne rpainaaM. 

Taif Cbina. HanpHnep. c nonpaawaMM k saxony o 6opb6e c HapKOwaHMeH. Cuawa/ra 6bi/i HopMa/jbUbiH sbkoh, 
npenycMaTpHsaiomMfi HaxaaauHe 3a npoaawy wapKornKos nofitmoin peaaviH. ^rvo yroro mano. h aanpernnn Boo6me 
tmen npt* ce6e napKOTtiK. aaxe a csmux »afiux Kontf^ecraax. Tenepb sbkoh Kapaer h BMHOBnnKa. m xepjay, 
apryt4eHTHpyn 3ra re*f. fro tok ner^e nofiMorb oftHOBHHKa. 

EaiH Mw xoTMM MMSTb npaaoBoe rocynapcrao. to 3aKOnbi Hyumo Hcnonusm. Snanm. a aatwou aty^ae. mw Monaaat 
Kapan 6ofibHha - napKOnaM0B - aa mx 6one3Hh. 3ro hc TO/itKO Hecnpaaen/inBO. ho h HeB03Monoio. ncroMy vto b 

nO/lbCKHX TTOptMOX HpOCTO US XBaTMT MSCTa. BoT H /ICVIJ^aCTOl, VTO nO/IMTMKM, COaHaOafl 3TOT 33KOH, CKaMiTM: H CVU^HM 

MM aaKOH npHMenim 6yaeM, a k npynfM - wei, A jto yxe ne npaeoBoe rocs/aapcTBo. 

Ma UHfmpM>M> cropw, ^jukb, cao6oda». C Mapmnom HoauunuM 6ecadoaan Olak Uiasluk 



VAw karta C1Q 



3B 



4 



KPACHDE K0JIEC9 




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EaaaMOcue o-Ba ' 






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CaMlanu^nupumyc: ^^--^ 

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ryaHmaHawo 

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CaHii&«eo-ge-Ky6a 



Kapudckoe Mope 




HMaOka 






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1 



XI loot 





04)HUMajibHoe HaseaHHe. PecnyOntiKa Ky6a 
reorpa4)M>iecKoe nojioweMMe. CrpaHa pacnonoKCHa e KapMSc- 
KOM Mope Ha ocTpoaax Ky6a, XyseHTyfl (flo 1978 r - Dhhoc) m 
MHOJKecTBe (OKono 1500) wenKwx octpobkob. OMbiBaeTcn *no- 
pHACKbiM lA K)K3TatiCKkiu PipojikiBawki HB cesepe m loro-aanaAe 
cooTBeTcreeHHo, Ha boctokg - HaeeTpeHHbiM nponMeowi. Ha lore 
- KapM5cKMM MOpeM, Dnoinaflb CTpanbi - 1 1 1 twc. kb km. 
Bwciuafl TOHKa CTpaHW - nMK TypKHHO na Kire (2005 m), 

B aAMMHMCTpaTHBHOU OTHOIueHMV) CTTpaHa fleHMTCfl H3 14 npOBMH- 

KnHMar. Tponn^ecKwii. Ceson flo«fleti - c Man no OKTflSpb. 
CTonMua. raeaHa (2,1 mjih. nenOBeK). 

HacejieHMe. 11,4 mjih, ^enoBeK. KyBuHUbi cocraBnniOT 98%. B 
CBOK] oHepe^b, oHii nOApasfle/iflioTCFt Ha KpeonoB (hotomkob ^c- 
naHL4eB), MynaTOe w nerpOB, ecTb na ocTpoee floCTaroHHo MHoro- 

HVICJlSHHaFI KMTafiCKan KOflOHtin 

04>Hi4MafibHbiH fi3biK. HcnsHCKHf^. MHome 3HaK>T anrnvii^cmvi, 
pyccKUfi M ttpaHuyscKMii 

Pe/IHrMfl. XpMCTM3HCTBO (KaTOJ1ML4M3M) M laK HSSblBaeuad ACaH- 

Tepvin» - cnHKpexHHecKMe KyjibTw na oCHOae a0pnKaHCKnx fl3bi- 
necKkix BepOBaHkiii. CMemaBLuiixcFi c KynbTOM MeKOropbix xpticTM- 

BHCKklX CBFITblX. 

BaniOTa - Ky6H>icKKM neco. 

OcJjMLiMarbHWH o6MeHHwfi Kypc: 1 USA = 1 neco. 



■KAPTA" WM-40 2004 



^ DENTAEMbli DCTPDB 



31 



Mw McnhiTwaaeM sooAyiueB/ieHkie m ynoB/ieTBOpeHne oxToro, hto cwor/in co3AaTb paii anw BeAHux. 
Mbi McnbiTbiBaeM yflOBnerBOpeHMe or roro, mto yronMfl npeepaTM/iacb b asMCTBiiTenbHocTb. 

0HAenb Kacrpo 

..ySepyfJenbHO npoiuy Te6n, odmujm hbm 3tot ocrpoB; paccKa>Kvi no nopciAKy... npo BCe, c mbm tu 
npMSHaeuib ^Ke/iarenbHbiM osHaKOMMTb hbc, a tu aoDKeK npMSHBTb, hto mm >KenaeM sHarb ece, nero 
eiue He snaeM. 

TOM9C Mop "yTOHHa" 



KPATKAJI nOAMTMMECKAJI HCTOPM5I KYBbl 
OT KOAYMBA AO KACTPO 



. Aduupen KonyuG Xpucmocpop, 

aenyaseM c ynpaubiu eisnadot*. eo^apusan. 

6ydmo 3mo cauaa npeKpachSfi jew/w. mmopyio 

K0eda-nu6o eudenu snasa ^^enoveKa. 

Msnosuu 3nucBo ffuezo "KpamKaa ucmopun KySbi" 

XpMCTO(t)op KoJiyMS OTKpwn Ky6y bo bpsmh cBoero nepBoro nyre- 
luecTBiin 28 oi;th6ph 1492 r. Caw Ko/iyM6ayMan, 4to flOCTwr nOMTHHeH- 
ra. VI TOJibKOB 1508 r, Koraa CeCacTbRH fle OKBMno npoiuen HScsoeM 
KopaSne soKpyr KyGw, BbincHiinocb, hto sto ocipoB B 1512 r. flwero 
BenacKsc BbicaAnnCH b boctohmoiI nacTH ocTpoea, b paiione HbiHeiuHe- 
ro ropOAa BapaKoa. n oCHOBan tsm noceneHne; k 1515 r oh ocMOBan 
ceub ropofioe, BKruc^an TaBaHy. I^CTopufl Ky6bi aHanorvi^H3 HCTOpkiM 
flpyrwx paiioHOB BecT-UHfldn: noHCKH aonoTa n AparoucHHux KaMHSw; 
MCTpe6neHiie ^HAeiiueB. 3aB03 pa6oB ^^ A0phkm: pa3Aopbi uexcAV 
npaBHTensMH, pacnpocrpaHeHne TponnnecKHx 6o/ie3Heii; nHparcKHe 
Ha6er)i ns noceneHHn. B 1 534 ro^y 3apa6oTan nepsbiii 3380a no npOM3- 
BOACTsy caxapa. PaGonyio CH/iy Ha nnaHTauMM TpocTHMxa nocraBJiflnH 
pa6oToproBuu. 

B 1596 r. Ky6a nonyMMfia ciaxyc reHepan-KanMTaHCTBa MucneH- 
HocTb6enoroHace;ienMnKy6biy6ennHmiacbnocne 1670 r. Bpeaynbia- 
re HMMwrpaniin c RMaiiKH. KOrfla nocneAHun crara SpmaHCKHM anaae- 
HkieM. HoA BnnflHMeM BenbiKoi^ OpaHuyacKOM peBoniouMM b 1 791 roAy na 
ran™ (KonoHHM OpaHLiHvi) BCnwxHBaeT Boccramie, e peaynbiare koto- 
poro caxapHsn npOMbimneHHocTb ravirti Qbijra nof^HocTbio paspyiueHa. 
Ky6a crana caMbiM oonbiuHU caxapKbiM aKCnoprepOM b naTUHCKOii 
AMepMKe. 30000 ^panuyscK^x n;iaHTaTopoe SMurpHpoaanH na Ky6y. 

6 nepBOtI no/iOBUHe XIX eeKa npon3oiujio nepeceneHwe Ha Ky6y 
McnaHLiSB c CaHTo-floMMuro, soraa nacTb 3Toro oCTpoaa, pawee npnnaA- 
jie>K3BLuan McnanMH, OTOujna KOpaHUMii. B nepHOac 1S12 no 1814 rr. 
VI eLi4epa3C 1820 no 1623 rr,. KorAa eMcnaH»ikiAeMCTsoBajianM6epanb- 
Han KOHCT^TyuMn. Ky6a MMena cbomx npeACrasMTeneM b ^cnaHCKOM 
napnaMeHTe. CiiMBOnoM stom anoxii CTanoBviTCfl cantueHH^K <I>enrtKC 
Bapena - npeflCTaaHrenb Mwcnnmux c/ioea ocrpoaa. BoaHmoioT nep- 
Bbie peBoniou^OHHbie cenaparviCTCKkie aaroeopu. 

nocreAy'ou4''e 75neT 6biJiii apeweMeM asTopHTapHoro npaBnewnfl 
McnaHMM. OAHano nocreneHHo Ma ocrpoBe Hapacrano He^aoBonbcreo 
TaKHM nono)KeHkieM. OwuBJieHne 6opb6bi npoTMB HCnaHCKoro rocnoA- 
CTBa na Ky6e cansaHO c ycneiuHbiMi^ BOCcraHMnuM a MexcMKe * a 
IO)KM0M AMepMKe. a Taiowe c conepHMuecraoM aa rocnoAcreo h3a ocr- 
poBOM MCMtAy CLiJA. OpaHUMei^ vi 6enbiKo6p^TaHMe^; oAHoapeueHHO 
luiipti/iocb as^weH^e aCon^uwoHUCTOB McnaHvin, b cbdk) o^epeAb. 
yxecTouana pewMM a 1825 Ha Ky6e Sbino BBeaeHO boshhob nonoiKe- 
Hbie, conpoBo>»uidBLijeecn orMenoM Bcex no/inTMiecKMx cboCoa- B 1812 
roay BcnbixHyno MaccoBoe aoccraHHe paGoB, JKecroxo noftaB/ieMMoe 
McnaHuawH. 

Hocre no6eAb> ceaepnH a TpaiKAaHCKo^ BOiiHe CLUA vi orueHbi 
ps6cTBa Ha KyGeanoeb HaHanocbABtDKeHbiesa HeaaBtictiMocTb. B 1868 
pocT HanpBweHHOCTM npHBC/i K BOCCTaHMK), noflHHTOMy aasoxaTOM M 
nouemviKOM KapnocoM Matnysneu CecneA6C0u. oaKaMeHoeaeujeMy 



■JLOiMBYS 






XpucnKxpop KonyiiiG 




HcnancKue KOHKucmadopo' "a Xy6e. 

fpeeiooa Teodopa de BpuxKHuae 

E. ilac Kacaca 'Hcmopua HHdoii", 

XVI ecK 




CenmeHMUK iDanuKC Bapena 



Awwkariaorg 



41 



4t 



KPACHQE KOJIECO 







Kapnoc Man/s/Tt Cecnedec 




Xoce Mapmu 



■|aopAnnoTs 




HnaKam epeuen ucnano- 
aMepuxafCKcQ eouHbi 



L-,V^ 




Ky6uncKije condamai, nozuGmue e 

cpamOHuu nod CaHma-AHHoO 

5 tbeopana 189S soda. 



HBHano KpoBonpo/iHTHoi* HauHOHanbHO-oceoSoAHTeiibHoii flecHTHnei- 
HetiaoSHW (1868-1878), npoTeKaBujeiiBOCHOBwoM anpeflenaxBOcro'*- 
Hb<x npoBViHi^HM Ky6bi. CLUA ^yrb 6b>no He OKasanMCb BmHyTbiwn e 
BoenHbiefleiiCTBHfl. oco6etHH0 nocne roro, Kan b 1873McnaHm.i aaxsa- 
THjin e OTKpbiTOM Mope saperincTpi^posaHHbivi b CLUA xopaSrib «6MprK- 
HMyc», nepftB03i*aujiiH opymyie h noaeH Ha Ky6y, m naaHnnH no oeBHHe- 
HHK) B mpaTCTBe OKono 40 4neH0B KOwaHAw m naccajtmpOB, b tom mncne 
rpawAan CLUA. AecnTbineTHfl»; eo^na. Horopan npneena k MHoroMMCnen- 
HbiM «epTBaM H orpoMHOMy MarepnaribHOM/ ymepfiy, 3aK0HHnnacb 
naKTOM npeKpauieHHM Boe»nb^x asvtC7Bvi\. noAn^caHHUM b 1878 r. b 
CsHxoHe. 

3a(t)MKCiiposaHHbie CanxOHCKtiM naKTou ycryriKhi McnaH^H dosbo- 
jiM/iM coxpaHBTb oTHocHTeribHbiM MMp B Te^euHe nO^HTH 20JieT. B 1886 
6bino OTweHeHO paScTBO. a b 1 893 <HepHOKO)KHe KyS^HUb) tbtnvi ypasHe- 
Hu B rpamaBHCKvix npaeax c SenuMvi. OAHaKO BoriHeHMn hb npeKpauja- 
nMCb. rioBOAOM and mux cnywn/iM SbicoKne nanorH, KOppynuHn, aeropn- 
TapHoe npaanenne McnaHCKororeHepan-ryeepnaTopa, 24 0eBpa/ifl 1895 
Ha^anacb aoiliHa aa HeaasMCMMocTb. xoTopyio BOsmaBM/i no3T ii nyGnn- 
UMCT Xoce MapTM. co3flaBmHM (<y6nHCi[yto peeomouHOHnyio napiwo 
Cau Xoce Maprii nom6 BCKope nocne Havana BoeHhux ix^iictBviA. vi 
BoopyMeHHyn OopbCy, oxaaTMBmyfo bcio KyGy. npoAon^KMn^ ero copar- 
HkiKM,reHepanbiMaKCMMoroMecMAHTOHMoMaceo.BceHTfl6peco6paB- 
manc^ Ha ocBoSoitcAeHHDii repptiToptiM KoHCTMTyL(iiOHHan accaM6nefl 
npOBD3rnac»4na cosAaHkie HQaaB^ckiMoi^ Ky6tiHCKoA pecny6riMKH vt orAe- 
neHHB ee or McnaH^H. 

McnaHCKMki reHepan-ry6epHaTop Ky6bi ApcenMO Mapninec KaM- 
noc, ciuiOHBBUJMiicH k kOMnpoMMCcy. 6bin OTossaH, a na ero Mecro 
HasHa'He}* re^epan Ba/iepviaHo Beiinep-vi-HMKonay. nony^vi6\iiv\vi npo- 
SBMme Bekinep-MBCHUK. Cipana Swna onycroiueHa. cenbCKoe Hacene- 
HMe croHn/iocb b KOHuetHTpauHOHHbie narepn, tab niOAvi yuMpann ot 
ronoAa m 6ojie3HeM. npoiecTbi npaBHTe/ibCTaa CLUA OKaaa/incb 5e3yc- 
neiuHbiMi^. Mepea HeKOTopac speMH. oahsko, BeMnep 6bin cMeuieK. h ua 
eroMecTo6binHa3Ha4eMPaMOHBnaHKO-n-3peHac, a22 Hon5pfi 1898 r, 
ncnancKoe npaBHTenbCTBonpeAOCTaBunoKyBe aBTOHOMHto. ocraBMB 3a 
coeoii npaao HasHa^aTb re«ecar-ry6epHaTopa. OflnaKo ara sanosAanaa 
ycTyriKa 5bma OTBeprKyra noBCTaHuawM, h 5opb6a 6bina npoAonjKeHa. 

McnaHo-aMepHKaHCKan BoiiHa 

B 1096 r. CLUA npbiHflnvi peLuenMe o ecTynne^MM b BOvlHy; npeAno- 
roM nocJiyjKnn B3pbiBaMepHKaHCKoro 6poHeHocua «MeAH» b TaBaHCKOU 
nopTy 18 anpenn coauecTHbiM peuieHMeM o6eHx nanar KOHrpecca 
rtpesMfleHTy CLUA 5bino npeflOCTaeneHO npaso HCnontaOBaTb aoopy- 
steHHwe CHnw ClUA Ha Ky6e: Ha cneAyKiinMii nenb npesHAeHT ynrbj«M 
Mapt-KMH/iM noAHncar npuxaso na^ane SnoKaAb" KySw awepuKaHCKiiM 
^JnOTOM 25 anpenti CLUA oct^MUManbHO o6'baBk4nM McnaHviH Bo^Hy, 
KOTOpanaaKOMHunacbKanmy/iflLiHeii l1cnaHHMl2 3BrycTaToro>Kerofla. 
yc/ioBMH comaujeHtin BK/nonann OTKaa HcnaMCKoro npasMTenbCTBa ot 
np»iTn3aHMA Ka Ky6y n BbiBOABOHCKCocTpoBa. BbinocosAanoBoeHHoe 
npaBMTenbCTBO, KOTopoe B03maBnn reHepan-waMopflxoH Parrep EpyK 
noycnoBMnw noAincaHHoro 10 AexaSpf 1B98r. DapHWCKoro AoroBopa, 
L^cnani^n 0TKa3biBanacb ot rrpaa Ha Ky6y. naA KOTopoiii ycTaHaBni^Ba- 
nacb oneKa CLUA, coxpaH^BiuaRcn b Te^enne 20 neT. 

Ky6HHCKafl pecny6jiHKa 

20 MSP 1902 roAa eoeHHoe npaBMTenbCTBo nepeaarxo SpasAbi 
npaB/ienitn BHOBb »i36paHHoi;i aAM^n^cTpaut^^ npesiiABHTa T. 3cTpaAbi 
nanbMu. M KyGkiHCKan pecny6n(4Ka Havana CBoe cymecTBOBaHMe KaK 
He33BM04Moe rocyAapcTso. OAnaKo npasuTenbCTea scKope norpn3no s 
pasAOpax uemAy cfpaKuiiFiMii m b Koppynqim: o6bmHbiw AenoM cianM 
MaxuHauiMM Ha Bbi&opax PasHornacHfl Aocmrnti laKoro naKana, hio 
B03HMKna onacMOCTb BOopy»ceHnoro i(OH£j)nnKTa. m npaanTenbCTBO Darib- 
ubi oBpaTiinocb 3a nowoiubrci k CLUA. 9 ceHT«5pn 1906 roAa 6bino 
o6pa30BaHO BpeweHHoe npoBMTenbCTBO. a 15 OKTwSpn rySepKaTopoM 
Ky6bi 6bin Ha3Ha'4eH Hapribs 3ABapA Maryn. 

Docne Asyx neT aMepiiKaHCKOiii OKKynauHM 6birii npoaeASHbi npe- 
SHAeHTCKMe ebi6opbi. no6eAy OA^P^xan renepan Xoce MMrenb Touec, 
npvicrynMBmMM k vicnonHeH^io oonsaHHOCTefi 28 nHBapn 1909 roA3 



■KAPTA' NiMJO JM4 



^ OeNTAEMblii DCTPOB 



41 



riocneflyiomwe roflbi 6binn OTMe^eMbi neoflHOKpaTHbiMn BcnwujKaMM 
BOOHeHHM H nonnTn>^ecKHMii nepeeoporaMH B nepsyKJ wnpoByto bomhv 
Ky5a BCiynii/ia Ha CTopoHe coio3hi4kob, o5bnBHB BOiiHy repwaHHM 7 
anpBHH 1917 rofla. 

BecHoi* 191 7 roaa B OTBer Ha BoccraHiie nn6epanoB KOHcepBaro- 
pbi, naxoflUBiuviecR y BJiacTM, oSparnntiCb k npaawienbCTBy CLUA c 
fipocbSoH o noMoinn JleTOM roro we roaa CUJA SHOBb Beenn BoiScKa wa 
Ky6y h ocymecTBnflnH aoBHHbiii KOHTponb AO 1922 rofla 

B 1920 rofly renepan Hhok Kpoyaep, Tonbuo hto yujeziiiinii a 
oTGTaBKy c nocra HaiantHMKa BoeHHD-cyAe5Horo ynpaaneKMCi apMHn 
CLUA, nony^^vin npkimauieHbie Ha Ky6y, <^T06bi OKaaart noMOutt> a paapa- 
gOTxe Hosoro vtsfiMparenbHoro saKOHa, Koropbiii aonxen 6bi;i hciodd- 
HMTb 803MOj«nocTb noflTacoBOK. TeM we Menee ouepeflHwe npeamaeuT- 
CKtie ebi6ppbi conpoBO)KQani^Cb KpOBOnpon^^ew h HacunneM. MTo6bi 
nonoKHTb 3T0My KOHeu. npesHfleHT CLUA Byapo Bn/ibCOn b HHaape 1 921 
r. Manpaenn renepana KpoyAspa na Ky6y b KaMecTse coseTHinKa Kpoy- 
aepy yflanocb HaeecTti nopnA^ix b npaBUTenbCTBeHHux pacxoAax, 
yMeHbUJHTb MpesuepHbie TpsTbi. bopobctbq m paaSasapi^BaHiie oCuje- 
CTseNHbix 4)OHiioB. 3 TaKwe AO^MTbcn npeA0CTaBneHi4fl CoeAi^HeHHbiMM 
IDTaraMiA aaSwa a 50 h/ih. AonnapOB. OaHaKO, naic TonbKo yAanocb 
cnpaBHTbcn c sthmh SKOHOHH^jecKHMW TpyAHOCTSMH, Ky6ii«CKne anacrvi 
noTpe5oBanM ero OTSbtaa. He ycne;i oh noKWHyrb KyGy, kbk npesMAenT 
AnbtJjpeflO Canc-M-Anb0oHco oTweMMn So/ibmyto uacTb paspaBoTaw- 
HblX pe^JopM. 

B 1925 r. nocT npeawfleHTa 3aH«n renepan Xepapflo Masaflo-ii- 
Mopanec. B nepnoa ero npaBneHMn aKTHBHSMpOBanocb y^acTue KySwH- 
LieBa3KOHOMimecKoi^Mvi3HticTpaHbi BbiJionocTpoeHOLuocce. npoxoAfi- 
uee 4epe3 Becb ocrpoB c aanaAS ^3 boctok, noompnnocb paieviTvie 
Typn3Ma BwecTe c rew pewHM Wanaao cran oahhm m3 cbmux THpanw- 
^ecKMx, KauHe TonbKO 3itana Ky6a aa bckj cboio mctophw. 3K0H0Mii'Hec- 
Kac Aenpeccwn ycyry5nna no/iHTHHecKMM xpusHc. B 1933-m, xorfla ece- 
o6waa 3a5acTQB»(a napanMSOsana raBany, wonoflbie ocJiMuepbi opraHM- 
aoaariM BoeHHbi^ nepeaapoi c ueribio npeAOTepartiTb aoopyxceHHoe 
BMeujarenbCTBO CLUA, h b peaynbraTe Ma-^aAoSwJiebmywfleH noKunyrb 
CTpaHy Ha nocry ero cMeHwn a-P Kapnoc MaHyarib as CecneAec-M- 
Kecafla. 0AnaKO 4 ceHTn6pa rpynna otJiMuepOB noA pyitosoAcraoM (Dynt- 
xencno BarHCTbi m npn noflAspwKe cryAeH^eCTBa ocymecremia eme 
OA»iH nepeaopOT. ohm OTCTpaHMHM or KOMaHAoaaHMR CTapuiHx o(})tiue< 
poa M ceeprnn npeaHAewra CecneAeca Ero MecTo sansn PaMOM Tpay 
CaH-MapinH, no3AHee-ocHoaaTenbKy6MHCKoi;ipeBonK)UMOHHOMn3pmM 
(TaK Ha3biBaeubix «ayTeHTi4K0B») . M^aecTHbi^ apa^ m npoc}3eccop yHH- 
BepCHTera. CLJJA oAHatto. ne npusnann npaaHTenbCTao aotrropa rpay, 
noHMwan, '^To caxapHbie pwhkm CLUA. b KOTopbix ocipo nyxAajiacb 
Ky6a, ocTaHyrce HeflocTynHbiMM, noKa Ky5nHCKoe npaaHTenbCTBO ne 
Syaef npn3HaH0, BaxncTa Ao6iincfi OTcraBnH fpay a Bwaape 1934 r, 
HoBbtii npesnaeHT. nonKOBHHK Kapnoc MeHflbeTa-M-MoHTectyp, sansB- 
ujMii 3T0T nocT Ha speMa ao awSopoa, 6bin neMefljieHHo npHSnaH 
BaujuHrroHOM. TaKWM o6pa30M. Ky5a crana nonnTn4ecKM no/iHocTbto 
HesaBMCuMof*. xoTfl aHepuKanubi coxpaHH/m caoio BoeHHo-MOpotyio 
easy B ryaHTanaMo 

B Mapre 1935 r MeHAbeTa wecroKO noAaeMn nonwTKH opranHsa- 
UMM BceoSineii saSacTosKii c peaoniomiOHHbiMM Tpe6o6aHiinMM, Bas- 
Ka6pe 1935 oh ycrynnncBOwnocrXocs Arpwniino Bapwery B Mae 1936 
Bapnera cwenHn Mwrenb MapHano roMec-M-Apwac, OflHaKO b AenaSpe 
OH 5wn noABepmyr MwnHHMeHTy. SaHflauM^ ero mbcto <IieflepiiKO Uape- 
AO Spy ocTaaanca na nocry npejMAewTa norHwii cpoK, t e. ece ^^BTwpe 
roAa HpH noAflepwue BaTMCTw b 1940 r. cocronnocb saceflaHMe y^pe- 
AnxenbHoro coepaHwn. pa3pa6oTaBtijero OAHy n3 caMwx nporpeccHB- 
Hbix MOHCTMTytikiM B 3anaAH0M nonyuiapMM. b siy KOHcr^Tyuiiio Sbinti 
BKnto^eHbi 6onbLUi4e pasAenu. pery/iMpyioLiiMe TpyAOBbie n coum- 
anbKbie oTMoujeHnn. BcKope nocne 3Toro cocTonnMCb npe3iifleHTCKMe 
8bi6opbi Ha HMx no6eAkin BarMCTa-ero noAAep^viaana KoanyiuHR- xyaa 
BXoa»nw Ky6kiHCKafl peB0;iioij»iOHHafl napT^d, BOSHMKujan v\3 aHTviua^a- 
AOBOiOM rpynn^poBK^ Havana 1930-x roAOB, h KOMMyHHCTbi. 

Korfla cpoK npe3MAeHTCKoro npaa/ieHiw BamcTbi aaKOHwuncn, oh 
o6bf)Bkin Bbi6opbi a cooTseiCTBHH c HOBO^ KoHCTtiryMMeH, 3anpeiitaB' 




Ka0e 9 raBaMB. 1925 3o0 




Xepepdo Mat ado 




Pbuom rpBy CsH-MaptTiun 




Ky6uHCKuu iwco, l940-« aodbi. 



WWHSTtlOlO 



42 



4 



KPACHDE XOJIECO 




0ynbxeHcuo Bamucma 



^Sffit.. ■ - ■•'■ ■ ■ 



nucbJMO tanaeo Oudena 
auepuKancKOuy npeaudenmy 




Oudonb Kacmpo daem nOKSsaHun 

a nonuuju nocns Hanademjt) 

MB xasapubi MoHKada. 



lueii nepensCpaHne maew wcnonnnTefibHOM e/iacTM h3 BTopoi* cpoK. Ha 
anix Bt>i5opax noSe^^n snetiLiJiiM Bpar BaTHCTbi PauoH Tpay CaH- 
MapTHH, KOToporo 5arncTa awHyflHn viSth c nocia npesM^ieHTa b 1934 r. 
Ha ceii pas. oflHaKo. BawcTa He cran onpoTecTOBbisaTb peavntiaTw 
ronocoBaHMJ? \a nepeAan 6pa3abi npaaneHMn Tpay. a cau orgbm c Ky6bi 
B MafiaMM 

27 Hon6pfi 1940 rofla 14-ne™iiii yMewHK MOHacTbipcKOM lUKonbi 
MKonneflw Aonopec» OMfle/ib Kacipo Pyc OTnpaBwn npeaiiaeHTy CLUA 
OpammwHy Pyaeenbiy nwchMO, a KOTOpOM npocwn npucnarb ewy 10- 
flonnapoByio Kyniopy. KOTOpyo aerop nucbMa eiue hm pa3y a )«ii3nvi hs 
atiAen. OTaera na CBoe nticbwo Syaymni^ soxvtb peBoniou^" xe nony- 

B 1946 r.. noc/ie npoBeaeHMB onepeflNbix napnaMCHTCKHx Bbi6o- 
poB, noroKgHvie Tpay ynpo^nnocb. t. k ero naprun ("ayTeHTMKH») 
saBoeeana SonbOJMHCTBo ruiecT b o6e»x nanaiax napnaue^ra flpeeM- 
HHKOM Tpay Ha nocry npesHASHTa cran ero KOnnefa no napiMn Kapnoc 
flpMo CoKappac, Mwnncrp Tpyaa b npaBHTenbcrae Tpay. npe6biBaHMe 
V\piAQ y anacTM 6bino OTMe^eHO paarynou HoppynuuM » opraH^soBaHHaii 
npegrynnocT^. TetMHeueHeeeronpaskiTejibCTBonpeAnpHHHnoBaHtHbie 
LuarH, HanpaaneHHbie Ha yxpenfieHne skohoumkm. Bbin cDa^aH HaijKo- 
HanbHbiti 6aHK M BBBABHa HaMk<OHanb»Han AeHewHan e^i^Hi^ua, saueHkiB- 
UJan HaxoA^BUJiiecFi q o6paii(eHii^ Aonnapbi. K STOMy «e ncpMOAy 
OTHOCMTcn cosgaHMe EaHKa pasBkiTvtn cenbcxoro xosRiiicTsa v\ npoMbiuj- 
neHHoc™, a TaK>Ke Cibthom nanarbi (aHanorMHHoii biOA>KeTnowy 6topo 
CLUA) B Ka^ecTBB uepbi 6opb6bi c Koppynuvieii b npaaviTenbCTBe. 

XOTH B uejioM B nepHOfl npesHfiCHTCKOro npaBfieHMfl flpwo 3koho- 
MHHecKoe nonoweHtte KySbi 6bmo aociaroHHO 6/iarononyHHbiM, 1949- 
1951 ro;]bio3HaMeHosaniicbMH4}nnmieM. PDCTi4eHBbiHy)Kaajipa6oTH»i- 
KOB Tpe6oBaTb noBbimeHMn 33pa6oTHOM nnarbi. a npM oTxaae HaH^uaTe- 
new - o6t.BBnfiTb 3a6acTOBKH npno nonbira/icq peiuMTb 3Ty npo6jieMy, 
npeAocTaB/inn c^6a\a^vi anflyBe/iM^eKviFi 3apa6oTHOki n^iarbi. a MHor/ia 
noflBepran apeciy npeflnpHHTMH. 

TeM BpeweweM KoppyMnnpoBaHHOCTb npaewTenbCTBa Bbiseajia 
BosiuymeHMe BpRAaxripasniueii napr^H. B 1946 r. rpynna HeaoBO/ibHbix. 
HaawBaeujHx ce6n wopTOAOKcaMnn. ao rnaae c cewaTopOM OayapAO 
(Soah) MH6acoM, oTKononacb m oSpasoaana napmio Ky6MHCKoro Hapo- 
aa (uOpTOAOKcoBn), KOTopafl npoAoniKajia pacxM, HecuoTpn Ha cosep- 
uieHHoe B cocTonHi^ii Asnpeccvi^ nySnu'^HOe caM0y6wMCTBO MM6aca b 
1951roAy Ha npesMASHTCKHx Bbifiopax 1952 r. ocHOBnan 6opb6a pa3ro- 
penacb Me»yiy naHfiMAaroM «opT0A0KC06» PoSepro ArpaMOHie h Kap- 
nocoM 3Bnn, xoroporo noflAep«HBanii aayreHTHKMw SKC-npesMAenT 
BaTMcra raiuKe BbicraBMn caoto KBHAHAaTypy ot cosAannoM mm napTu^ 
HapoAHoe Asi^CTBtie, OAHaKo, no oSiAeuy mhshmio. y Hero He 6bino 
LiiaHcoBHa no6eAy- 

10 uapra 1952 r. (PynbxeHCkio Banicra, onupasicb na unaauivix 
ocfuuepOB. ocyujecTBviJi Boennbiii nepeeopOT n saxBamn anacTb, nono- 
)KhiB TeM caMbiM KOHei4 vi36iipaTejibH0ii xaMnantiH. Oh ocraBancn y 
B/iacTH flo 1 HHBapfl 1959 f.: nepeweAsa c nonoBHHOfi roAa kbk rjiaea 
BpeMeHHoro npaei^TenbCTea, a sareu KaK «K0HCTHTyuMOHHbJMu npesH- 

ABHI. 

Cpefli* npoTviBHHKOBAMKTaTypbi BaincTbi moxho BbiAenMTb Merbipe 
rpyrnw. Oflna H3 iJjpaKUMii KySuHCKoii peBomouHOHHoi* napiHn, koto- 
pyio Bosmaennji SbiBUinvi npesHAenT PaMOH Tpay Can-MapTMH. yAo- 
BOnbCTBOsanacb po/ibio neranbHoit onnosKUMi^. Apvr>ie Mnenbi TOii xce 
napTMH, CTopOHHviKu SwBiuero npeanASHTa Kapnoca flpMo CoKappaca. 
nbiTariMCb ocyiuecTQHTb BoeHHbiH nepsBopoT. Oe;:tepaL(^n yH^Bepcti- 
TercKKx cTyAeHTOB B CBoeii 6opb6e c peMituoM kicno:ib30Bana yji^<^Hb<e 
CTbiMKM vt saSacTOBKM M Qs^s ocymecTBMna nonbiTKy Boopy>KeHHoro 
HanaAeHMn na npesHAeHTCKviM ABopeu c uenbio yS^tkicTaa cauoro Bam- 
CTbi M BbicLUHx HMHOB M3 npaBMTeiibCTBa HaKOHCM. nesoe MonoA^xtHoe 
Kpbino opTOAOKcanbHOH napT^ti, Koropae Bosmaan^tn aAaOKai ^HAsrib 
KacTpo,peiuMnoAn3CBep)«eMi*fiA^"<TaTypbinpn6erHyTb k rpawAancKOM 
eoHHe, nnaHMpyn Ha^arb ee b HaMMenee AocTynnofi naciif crpanbi vi 
sareM nonyMMTb nof^epMKy opraHMaoaaKHbix rpynn peeonioi4tiOHepoB b 
xpynHbix ropoAax 

*MAenb KacTpo Hainan caom peBOnomiOHHyK) ASHTenbHoCTt kbk 
nneH OeAspauMH yHMBepcMTercK^x ctvabhtob b FaaaHCKOM yHMBepcvi- 



■KAPTA' M 38-40 2004 



4 ObNTAEMblli DGIPDB 



« 



TBTe. rioaflHee on Bciynun b napTHW wOpToaoscoBw n awj^avirariCH or 
Hee KaHflMflaroM e MneHw KOwrpecca Ha hccoctosibiijuxch Bbi5opax 1952 
roaa. riocne HeyaaMHovi nonbiTKH saxBara eoeHHwx naaapw MoHKaaa b 
ropofle CaHTbnro-fle-Ky6a 26 monfl 1956 rofla m flByxneTHero npeSwaa- 
HHfl 6 TiopbMe KacTpo w ero CTopoHHMKB oTTipaBMnncb B MeKCHKy, rae 
saH^jiMCb noflrOTOBKoii rpa)KaaHCKOM sobiHbi. 2 AeKa6pR 1956 ro;ia ohm 
T3MHO BbicaflHnncb Ha Ky6e. He5onbiuOH oTpna flocTHr rop Cbeppa- 
MaacTpa. orxyaa m naManiicb 6oeBbie Ae^cieMn npoTMB pe»(MU3 Bam- 

CTbl, 

8 TSMSHiie nepawx nonyropa ner attjiJ'eKT hx flencTBiii* 5bin cpae- 
HHTejibHO neBe/iMK. OaHaKOKecTOKocTbflnKTaTopcKOropejKWMa. araK- 
MB KOQpynunfl snacTeS, npHHflsman waccoBbiJi xapaicrep, - see 3T0 
npMGejno K miipOKOM nojuep^Ke napTvi33H KacTpo KySMHCKKM HapoflOM. 
JIbtom 1958 rofla apMHfl BaTHCTw npeanpuHnna Kpynnoe HacrynneHMe 
npoTHB peBonouHOHMbix cMn, nocne '*ero coSbiTKn cranvi pasBopanM- 
BaTbCfl c nopaaHTentHoii 6biCTpoToi> K aoopyxeHHtiM cunaM KacTpo 
npMcoea^Hi^jiHCb OTpnaw CTyaeH^ecKoii 0eaepauHM. OTKpbiBiude tbk 
HasbiBaeMbiii Biopow tJjpoHT b ropax Cbeppa-aenb-3cKaM6[)aH a ubht- 
panbHOM MacTw ocTpoaa Ha aanaAe. b niiHap-aenb-Pwo. flewcTBoaan 
Tpemii cfipOHT, HaxoflMBiuMiicfl noa KOHTponew PeBontouiioHHoro abm- 
wBHMti 26 Htonfl 6 TO )Ke BpeMH sropoaax aenach xopoiuo 0praHii30BaH- 
Han u aKTi4BHan 6opb6a c pe>KiiMOM BaTMCTbi, b kotopom y^acTeoBanit 
pasnMHHbie rpynnw KySMHCKOiS peeoniomiOHHOH naprnH, PeeoniomiOH- 
Horo ABMxeHMfl 26 Hionn, CTyaSH^ecKoli opraHMsauHH PeBoniouiioHHbiH 
flHpeKTOpaT 13 MapTa « ap BaTHcra, norepnee nopajKBHwe a pemaio- 
meu cpaweHMH y CanTa-Knapbi, 6e)«aJT m crpanbi s noi^b Ka 1 ftHBapn 
1959 roaa. 

Ky6a npH KacTpo 

XoTfi a SopbSe npOTMs BaTwcTy yMacTBoaano MHOweciso paarHM- 
Hbix rpynn. b masax Sonbiu^HCTBa Ky6t4Hi4eB rnaenbiMd repoRMi^ 5bin\n 
©Hflenb KacTpo m ero noBCTanMecKa(i apHMH. C wHaapn no OKinepb 1 959 
r. B peBOnioi4«oHHOM narepe cyuiecTBOBann Ase ((jpaKquH. OflHa cmtra- 
xia Heo6xoflHMbiM kbk mo«ho paHbUje soccraHOBHTb aewoKpaTHto. Co- 
rraujapicb c neo6xoak'MOCTbKi nepepacnpeaeneHMn aewiiH, HaunonanH- 
aauiAiA KOMuynaribHbix cry>K6 in yMeHbuieHiiti HNocTpaHHoro enuciHiiti a 
SKOHOMMKB n nofiHTuxe, 373 0paKi4n« 6bina npOTHB peaoniomioHHoii 
aiiKTaTypbi, npoTHB coTpyaHHHecrea c KOMMyHHcrawn m npucoeanHeHMw 
K COBercnoMy 6jiOKy flpyran (CpaxuHn, bo rnase xoropoi* crotin Spar 
OiiaenB Payjib KacTpo h apreHTWHCKnii peaoniouHOHep SpnecTo Teaa- 
pa, Bbicryna/ia aa peBonwqHOHHyio flmcraTypy, sa coi03 c KySuHCKOki 
KOwnapTHeki, 3a arpapnyto pecfopwy no cSpasuy cobstckoh h coma c 
couMa/iMCTMMecKHM narepeM, B kohmb 0KTn6pn *naenb Kacrpo npwHBn 
pemeMMe b nonbjy rpynnw Payna Kacrpo - reaapbi, 

TeM BpeweHew oTHomeHnq c CUJA 6biCTpo yxyauanHCb. B mae 
1959 roaa 6bina npoaeABna arpapnan pectiopMa. Bimfo^aBiuan nauiio- 
HannsauMio Ky6MHCK0ii caxapMO^ HMflycrptin, rae 6wna oco5eHHo BenM- 
Ka aona auepi^KaKCKoro Kan^rana B 1 960 roay CLUA BaanH 3M6apro na 
6803 caxapa c Ky6w, a npHHaajiewaaiune CUJA HeiJiTeo^MCTMTenbHbie 
aaaoflbi Ma ocTpooe oTKaaanMct nepepa5BTbiBaTb HeiJjTb H3 CCCP, 
e^nHCTBeHHoro nocTaeinnKa Het^rii Ha Ky6y B cbok) OHspeflb, i;y6MHC- 
Koe npaamerbCTBO KOMCjiMCKOBano acio co6cTBeHH0CTb CLUA na Ky6e. 
2 flMBapR 1 961 roaa BaLUHHrroH oSbiiBMn o paapuae annnoMaTniecuMx 
OTHotueHMilicraBaHoS. 17anpenH 1961 roaa cocronnocb noaroioaneH- 
Hoe n 0MHaHCnpOBaBiueecn CLLA eoopywCHHoe BTopweniie na Ky6y, 
Korfla 1500 Ky6iiHCKnK aMHrpaHToa - npoTHBHUKOB Kacrpo - Bbicaan- 
jiocb B Syxre Ko'^nH0c. oanaito 3Ta nonwTKa npOBann/iacb. BofibujviH- 
CTBo BbicaaMBujuxcn Qbino saxBaneno b n/ieH a nosanee BUKynneno 
npaBHTenbcreOM CUJA aa 50 mdh. AOrinapoB. 

1 Mas 1961 rofla *naenb Kacipo o6bBBnn o counanncTtmecKOM 
xapaKTepe KygUHCKOK peaonKmvuA. B 1962 CUJA bbbji^ 3M63pro Ha 
ToproB/iK) c Ky6oii h ao5MnHCb HCwiioMeHHH ee m3 OpraHnaamin aMepM- 
xaHCKHx focyaapcTB (OAF). npoiHs npaBHTefibCTBa Kacrpo 6biJio awfl- 
annyro oBBuneHne B roM. hto oho oKaawaaer coaeiiCTBite peaoniomio- 
nepaMB BeHecy3re, nocneyeroOArB 1 964 roay aaena flunnoMaTM'-iec- 
KHe M ToproBhie caHKUMM npoTMB KySw. 



f%§mm 



Ompaa Kacmpo nocne SBicaoKu 
c (jxmb/ Tpanuia' 




rioecmamibi e eopax 
Cbeppa- Ma3cmp a 




PeeoniouuoHtati udunnuu 


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Uk 


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S^K 


V^^JK« 


WsvM^ 



IlnaOfi-XupoH 



wwwkviiarB 



44 



4 KPACHOE KOHECO 




CoeenKMo-i<Y6uncMeti nioBoeb 




docKa e 6ii6nuomeii9 uu. /Jx Kennodu. 




'VHuaepcumembi" 4e 'Beapbi 




UJaxan 



rnasHww ToproBWM napTHspoM t<y6tJ cran CCCP. B 1962 r »a 
Ky6e 6birn ycraHOBneHw coesTCKHe paKcrw cpe;iHero paftwyca aeu- 
CTBus Korfla CliJA ocymecTBwmi BoeHHO-MOpcuyn 5/ioi:aA¥ Kyew (t. h. 
HKapaHTHHn) H yrpojKann aoeHHbiM BMeuiaTe/ibCTBOM. CoBercKiiM Coi03 
comacwncn fleMOHrnpoBaTb cboh paKeTbi b oSmbm xa oSnsaTenbcreo 
CLUA He BTopraTbCfl »a ocrpoe. Gtot HHUHfleHi. HaeecTMbiM naK KapM6- 
cKMw Kpi43Mc, pe3K0 o6ocTpnn oTHOmeHHfl uemay coaeTCKHM m >;y6nHC- 
KHM pynoaoflCTBOM; Kacrpo sanBvin, hto Ky6a HHKOraa 5bi ne ycTyrmna 
flasneHMto co ctopohw ClilA 

K KOHuy 1961 r. 0CHOBHa« nactb naxoTHbix seMenb Ky6bi Cwna 
nepCAana Korxosaw. npaKTwyecKw see npoMbiiiineM«bie npeflnpti«TM*> h 
6o;ibLuafl nacTb ToproenM 5binn HauwOHarnanpoBaHbi. KacTpo npMfia- 
ran HSpnflHbie ycunMH k Towy, ^n-oBw cflenaib KySy aKOHOMn^ecKn 
neaaBuCMMoii. n 4>opc''P0B3'^ HHflycTpMannaaunio, orpaHimwB tfriiHaH- 
CMpoaaHHe cenbCKOro xoanMCTaa. nonyniiB b peaynbiare MexBarxy 
npOflOBonbCTBKH. HecMOTpn Ha noMOmb CCCP. Ky6a ncrbiTbiaana m 
ctJMMaHcoawe Tpy;iMOCTM. b ocmobhom M3-3a Toro. 4T0 MMnopr ctipbB nnn 
Ky6wncK0ii npoMwuineHHOCTH o6xoflHncn Aopo*e. "^e*^ aKcnopr roTO- 
BOM npcyiyKUHM. flocne BH3MTa b CoeeTCKUki Coica e Mae 1963 roaa 
KacTpo cornacuncB ceepwyTb nporpaMwy 6biCTpoii HHflycTpManHsauuM 

M flHBepCMCtHKauUM SKOHOMMKM H CKOHL|e«TpnpOBaTbCH HB npOMSBOfl- 

cTBecaxapa.Bo«in6pe19636bino6KapoflOBaHHOBfaii*arpapHbiS3ai;oH. 

B COOTSeiCTBHH C KOTOpbIM TblCHMH ManWX H CpSflHHX XOSntlCfB 6WJ1H 

06-beflHHeHbi B KpyriHwe rocyAapcTBenHbie xosfliiCTBa. 

Ann KOHueHTpauwH anacTw Kacrpo cnen neoSxoaMMbiM ynpaia- 
HMTb MHoronapTHMHyo CHcreMy, co3flaB oany noflnoHTpo/ibHyto ewy 
napTrtio. CoaflBHue tskovi napTHJi Hananocb 26 mons 1961 rofla, Koraa 
Peao/iKmvioHHoe flSHKewHe 26 Htonn, HapoflHo-couvianiiCTiiHecKan 
napTHfl Ky6bi n PeBonmuMOHHbm flHpeKTopai 13 wapra, a raKwe cyLne- 
CTBOBaBUJan panee opTOflOKcanbnan KOMMynMCTnueCKan naprun o6fee- 
flHHuriMCb B 05fceanHeHHbie peBonKmMOHHbie opraHHsauHM, no3flHee 
peopraHHsoaaHHwe b EflMMyio napTum coi<Ma/incTHwec«oM peBonKmnH 
(1962). B 0KTn6pe 1965 roaa 3Ta napivH nonyMnna HaMweHoaaHne 
KoMMyHMCTHMecKOii napTHM KySw 

Kacrpo nopyMMn opraHHaaquKi hobom naprwH crapoMy KOMMy«HCTy 
AHM6a;iy3cKanaHTe, OanaKOyxe sMapre 1962 r. oh nopaancHUM h c 
apyrHMH cwnbHbiMn nMaepawH Kownaprnw vi caw 3anHn nocr nepaoro 
cBKperapo naprw;^. a 6onbmiiHcrBo crapbix pyKOBoawreneM 3aMeHMn 

CBO^MM 6nM)KaHllJl1MM C0paTHI4KaMH. 

riocne BH3HTa Kacrpo a CCCP b 1963 r. orHOiueHHn Me«fly stumm 
nayMfi crpaHawH. oSocrpuBiuiiecB BoapeMn Kapn6cKoro Kpn3wca, yny^- 
Lijwniicb, Mro cnoco6crBoaano ycraHOBfieHHK) cenaeM Mexyiy KoMMyHM- 
crviMecioii napxHeii Ky6bi n flpyrnMn KOMwyHMCTHMBCKHMvi oprawMsauM- 
RUM naTMHCKoii AuepHKH. 

Bo BHeuJHeM nonnTMKe Kacrpo crapancn coxpaMnrb KHeaasucn- 
HocTh» OK or CCCP (npoaon«a8iuero OKasb/Barb Ky5e lUMpOKOwac- 
LuraSHyio nowoinb. «nonyTHo» ocymecrsnofi nonnrM^ecKoe annAHMe). 
Tax H or Kkiras, nora ewy HMnoHnpOBana TBepaati yeepeHHOCTb Kuraii- 
CKvix ;iiyiepoB b row, mto BOOpyweHHas 6opb6a nBuneTcn eflHHcrasHHO 
npaBMJibHOH crparerneii ana narviHoaMepwKaHCKMx peBO/iiounoHepoB. 
( TepMUH iMeMtdyHapodHbiO meppopuiM" a me sodbi eiue hb npuuennn- 
cfl K toKcnopmepaM peeoniouuu>: Komopbix noddepMueanu couuanuc- 
mu^ecKue pexuMbi. - npuM pei3.)BnHBape I966r. Meinay ^y6oti w KHP 
BosHHK cnop no noeoay ycnoBMH ropfoaoro cornaujewHP. Mepea ne- 
cKOPbKo Mecnuea Kacrpo aosen ao caeaeHMR cteaaa KDCC. iro Ky6a 
5yaer oKaabisarb (inoaaepwKy narnHoaMepnKaHCKnM KOMMyMUcraw, 
roroBPiijMM peaonwuHio a caonx cipaHaxn. Ky6a oSynana rpynnbi no- 
BCraHuea H3 wMOrux crpaH narwHCKOii AwepHXH m oxaawBa/ia mm pasHo- 
o6pa3Hyto noMoiub. MsaecrHo raKwe, nro pe>KHM Kacrpo npM noaQep>KKe 
cneucnyxe couMajiMcrvmecKHx crpaH npsBpariin Ky6y b oamh h3 Kpyn- 
Hej^mux nepeaajiOMHbix nyniaoB ann leppopMCTH'^ecKiix rpynn ii3 MMomx 
crpaH MHpa. B HacTHOCTM. rocTenpHMMcraoM Kacrpo HeoaHOxparHo 
nonb30B3ncH HSaecTHwii MBwaynapoaHbiw reppopucr LUaKan (UnbMH 
PaMMpec CeHHec) B nwaape 1966 na Ky6e cocronncn Tphkohtmhbh- 
ranbHHii KOHrpecc, KoropbiM BbiCKasancn a noaaepwKy peaoniouMOHHoS 
naprMsaHCKoJii bommw b crpaHax JlarnHCKoiii AwepHKH. flererarw ram- 
HoaMepuKaHCKMx crpaH co3aanM Ha 3roM KOHrpecce QpraHH3aunK) co- 



•KAPTA' W 38-10 20M 



4 DbHTAEMblii OCTPQII 



45 



jinjiapMOCTn raTHMoaMepMKaMCKiix cipaM. KOTopan fipoeena cbok) nep- 
ByiOKOHCjiepeHUMKiBraBaKeB 1967. B tom Me rojiy b BofiKiSMii norMSaer 
OAvf" ^3 caubix xapH3MaTvi^ecKHx nvi/iepoB Ky6viHCK0M peaoniouMti 3p- 
HecTo Me fsBapa 

G 1 96S roaf Ky6tiHCKoe npasMTenbCTBO MSAaei nociaHOBneHMe o& 
opraHtisauHM KMcnpaBurenbHo-TpyAOBbix narepe^» A"*' npoTMBHMKoe 
peJKMMa, oco6eHHo oroMoceKcyajiMcroB, a^ccviaenrcrTBytouiei\ MMTe/i- 

B KOHue 1960-x - Hanane 1970-x roAOB yoiriMnacb saBMCHMOCTb 
Ky6bioTCCCP. Ha 3KOHOMMKecTpaMbiTn)i(erocKa3ancanpoaa/iKaMna- 
H^M no npoM3BOflCTey 10 m^h. t caxapa fi 1970 roAy. ^ Ky6a 6bin3 
BbiHyjKAeHa npocHTb o6 yeeji^^eh^iivi nocTaBOK m CoaeTCKoro Coioja. 

BBeKa6pe 1975r cocTonncB l-McteaAf^OMMyHHCTWMecKOiinaprMM 
Ky6bi. Ha hsm Sbin 0Ao5peH npoeKT Hoaoii Kohcthtyiimm h npsAcraBneH 
1-ii nsTHJieTHnii nnan paaBMTun crpaHW. b kotopom ochobhovI ynop 
aenancfl wa oaHOBpeweHHoe npoBeaeHne iinflycTp(*anniauHH m yBenw- 
veHMe npOM3BOflCTBa caxapa. TeKCr KoHCTHTynHn 6bin 0A06peH Ha 
BcenapOAMOM pe<|>epeH;]ywe b cttespajie 1976 r , a a A^^aGpe toto Me 
roAa6b<niinpa8eAeHwnepebie,nDcnenepeaopoTa 1959roAa,o6iueHa- 

L4MOHaf1bHbie Bb]6opbl. 

Hocne 10 nei aecTOH Ky6tiHCKsn aKOHOMHKa e 1970-k — Ha^^ane 
1 980-x roAOB crara 6bicTpo pasBHaaTbcn FIpH npesHABHTe CLUA <J>opa,e 
6bmM HaMaibi ceKpeTHbie neperoaopw mbxav CliJA n Ky5oii pesynhia- 
TOM KOTopbix Moma cTaxb nopuanuaaiti^^ oTHomeHMii Me>KAy ppyMff 
CTpaHauki, OAHaKo neperoeopbi 6binM npepBaHbi nocne BbicaAKH Ky6MH- 
CKiAx BoilicK B AHrojie. TeM He uenee b 1975 r, aAMi^HHCTpamm OopAS 
o6'bnBi4na o BHaceHM^Tpax nonpasoK b 3aKOHo63M6apro. Ohm npeAyc- 
MaTpiiBanM BO3M0MHocTb BbiAaMti 3arpaHH^Hb)M 0»tniianaM aMep^KaH- 
CKMx KounaHMii nbiueH3MM Ha aeAen^e Toprosbix onepaut^ii c Ky6oii: 
OTMeny SKOHCM^v^ecKnx c^kkumm {b (JiopMs npeKpauieimfl c^MHakicoaoM 
nowoiiiki) B oTHOiueh^M Topryiomiix c Ky6oi^ crpaH, paapeiueHMe na 
A03anpaBKy ronnneow e auepiiKaHCK^x nopTax MopcKMX cyAOS. coeep- 
luaioLK^x ToproBbie peiicbi Ha Ky6y. 

riocjie npwxOAa k enaCTH b 1977 r. npeswfleHTa KapTepa a OTwoiue- 
Hkinx Ky6bi c CLUA HacryntiJia epeweHHafi orrenefib. B 3to speMR 6binvi 
ocnaCnehbi orpankiieHMR h3 noeSAKvi rpawAaH m3 oAHoii crpanbi a 
ApyryO- Kaprep h Kacrpo AOfoaopiinMCb laKwe o6 yMpe)t<AeHkki b faeane 
M BaiijHHrroHe «KOMnreToB no nnTepecaM», ^TooaHSHano roBbiiueHne 
ypoBHfl AnnnowaTHHecKoro npeflCTaeHTenbCTBa A/in o5enx crpan. Bon- 
pocbi. 6biBLuiie npeA^'eTou paccMOTpeKuin us raMHbix neperoBOpaxAByx 
cTpaH npM npesuAeHTe C>opAa, crariH >4acTbio OTKpbiTOM A^CKyccHM 
Me}KAy npeACTaBHTe/inMH kySvihokoh A^acnopbi b CUJA ia Ky^MHCKMu 
pyxoBOACTBOM. B pes/nbiaTe nero npaBMrerbCTBo Ky6bi anepewe pas- 
pemhtno 6eK3BLiJMM c ocrpoaa Ky6viHMaM noceiuaTb ceoto poAMHy B 
1980 roAy KySMHCKiie rpaxcaaHe HeowHAanHO nojnyMUJw paspeujeHwe 
BbiexsTb B CLUA Mepe3 KyQkiHCKMM nopr Map^erb ^ CBbiUje 120 Tbicn<^ 
6bmn nepeaessHw a ropOA KM-yacr (*nopnfla) na "jacTHbix Kaiepax h 
noAxax. 3tot HMap^e/ibCKHM i^cxoA" sacra/i Bpacnnox 3amhhmctp3uviki 
CLUA ki npkisefi k pocry HanpRweHHOCTM a orHoiueHvinx wexAy CLUA n 
Ky6o(A. OTHOiiieHHn eii;e 6o/ibLue yxyAiu^nHCb npn PoHanbAe Pe^raHe vi 
flxopAJKe Byrne. llpesMAeHT PeiSraw BHOBb aanpeTwri noesAKM awepw- 
KaHLteB Ha Ky6y. oahsko, HecMcrpn na MecTKtie aanerieHk^n. He CTan 
OTueHHTb npiiHfiTwe npti (PopAe nonpaaKM k aaKony o6 9M6apro 

HecMOTpR na BBeAGHHbie Ky6oH orpahiM'^eni^fl na aukirpauMio h 
npaxTviKy penpecckiii no ortioLueHtiio k ceMbciM KHesosBpaiAeHueeH. 
Tbicfl'^M Ky6kiHLiee SsManH c ocTpoea, paccenBiuMCb no aceMy UMpy. 
Cawan MHoro'<MC/ieHHan Ky5nHCKafl Anacnopa wnser a CLUA. 

riocne pacnaAa CCCP m 3naunTenbHoro coKpameHiio ToproBWx 
OTHoujeHMft CO CTpanaMM SwBiuero CCCP na Ky6e Hai^ancfl sKOHOMMsec- 

KHt* KPM3VIC, BblSaaHHbllA XpOHMyeCKMM HSAOCraTKOM npOAOBOnbCTBMd n 

Tonni4Ba. KacTpo o6'hnBHn H0co6biM nepnoAB MupHoespeMnH-(t)a>:TH- 
MscKM 3T0 o^Hal^a^o. hto Ky6a jKHBer no saKonaM BoeHHoro BpeMenH. 
B MioHe 1989 roAa KacTpo vt36asvsncff otoahofo m3 caubix onacHbix 
CBOMx conepHHKOB - renepana ApnantAo O^oa, opraHMsoBaB »aa hum 
noKaaarenbHbiw cya. Bo apeMfl npoijecca, CKpoeHHoro fio nexanaM 
CTantiHCKHx BpeMCH. repon peBo;iioL|Hki, narpaiKA^HHbii^ MHOMecreOM 
opAeKoe, 3aMecTviTenb MMHticrpa oSopoHbi m ^neH LtK npusHanco b 




Cewwpums PBeomouua" 



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nopuuiiK ombupaem 3nuanB 
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MapKOToproB/ie m 5ijin paccTpenfH. xota hm flnn Koro k3 Ky6iincKoro 
reHepiajiHTeTa we Sbiro csKpeiOM, mto eceMH ero aeilicTBiifiMn pyKoao- 
ftKfi MnaaujMii 6paT Ovwenn, mmhmctp oBopoHbi Paynb Kacrpo 

npe3MfleHT CUJA /]«. Byuia 1992 r. noflnwcan «3aK0Ho aewoKpa- 
THM Ha KySe)-, B kotopom nono>KeHnn aaKOHa 06 sMSapro Sbijin y>KecTo- 
4eHbi, a oG/iacTb erg ;ie«cTBn« jHa^menbHo pacLunpena, ycnoBnew 
OTweHbi 3M6apro craawnocb npoBeaeHiie Ha Kv5e c806oflHwx m wHoro- 
napTHWHwx BbiSopoB. B 1994 r., nocne HOBOro MaccoBoro aweafla 
Ky5tiHCKiix 3MnrpaHT0B bo (CnopMfly, Msntfly Ky5oii li CUJA 6bino saxnio- 
HBHo cornaiiieHMe. b paMKax KOToporo CUJA cornamarncb a nanbHeiS- 
mew npHHHwaTb He 5onee 20 rbic. KyonMCKiix 3MnrpaHT0B b rofl B 1 995 
r cenaTopflnf XenwcHnneH nanaTbi npeflCTaBHTenefiKOHrpeccaCLJJA 
A- SepTOH BHecnH na paccMorpeMne Konrpecca aaKOHOnpoeKj «0 
CBo6ofle Ky6bt n fiewoKpaTiiHecKOM co/iMflapHOCTM» (raK MaaHBasMbiH 
6nnnb Xenwca-BepTOHa). npeAnonaraBuiiii yxecToneHMe 3kohomh- 
MeCKoro 3M6apro m caHKUMH no oTHomeHMio k HHOcrpaHMbiM KOMnann- 
HM. BCTynaioiuuM e ToproBO-sKOHOMwuecKne OTHouieHim c KySoii B 
1996 r.. noc/ie Toro Kan Ky5MHC«(ie BBC c5nnn Hafl OnopHacKMM 
3aniiBOM Aea rpajKAawcKHx caMonera KCeCMa» c SemeuaMM b CLUA 
(nmioTbi norM5n«), saKOHonpoeKT 6bm npnnni. B otbst Ky6a npHHtina 
3aK0H 83, ywecTo^aaiuMJi HaKasaminAnn HHaKOMwcnninHx. 

B sHBape 1998 roaa "a Ky5e noSbiBan Plana Phmckmh Moshh- 
naaen li. nwraBiuHMcn ySeaviTb Kacrpo npeKpaTWTb penpeccuM b cipa- 
He M ocjia6kiTb aasneHHe rocyaapCTea hb KaTonnMecnyio yepKOBb 

5 BHsapo 1999 r. npeawflfiHT Ktmhtoh BbiflBMHyr npeAno)Ke«nn, 
HanpaBJieHUbie na MaciimHoe CMsrMeHMe noniiTWKii 3M5apro. KOTopwe. 
oflHaito, He jarparHBann wewnpasHTenbCTBeHMbix oTHOmeMviM, a npe- 
flycMaTpnaariH co cropoHbi CLUA paciunpeHne caflseii ncKntOMHTeribHO 
c HenpaaMTenbCTBeHHbiMH opraHH3auiinMn h ptwoawMM rpawaHaMM 
Ky6tji. PuKapflO AnapKOH, npesMaeHT MaqHOHanbHOM accaM6neii h3- 
poflHOMBfiacTM Ky6bi, BwcTynMn c pe3KHM saneneHiieM, yraep^aan, hto 
npeano«eHMfl KnnHTOHa HaHocBT ymep5 pasBMTMc oTHOLuenHH Me)Kfiy 
flayMd crpanaMM 15-16 HOfl6pB 1999 roaa b FaaaHe npOMCXOflHT IX 
MBepoawepuKaHCKan Bcrpei^a rraa rocyAapCTs h npaBmenbCTB Ha 
Bpewn cawMura opraHw 5e3onacMOCTM apecrosbiBaiOT ManConee aK- 

TMBHWX flUCCHaeHTOB. 

28 HiOHH 2000 rofla, nocne ceMMMecHUHbix ontecroHeHHbix cnopoB 
M MHOronioflHbixMaHH(}jeCTannM b raBawe n MaiiaMM, ity6nHCkM« pe6e- 
HOK 3/iiiaH roHcanec, nmuuBmnilicn waTepn bo BpeMH noSera c Ky8bi, 
no peuieHMK) npeawflewTa KnuHTOHa, oT^npaercn y aMBpMKaHCKWx pofl- 
cTBeHMMKOa M BOSBpainaeTCH Ha Ky6y k omy. 

13 AeKa6pn 2000 r , aCKOpe nocne caoero aiisiiTa a Ceaepnyio 
Kopeo, Ha Ky6y c rocyaapcTBeHHbiM bmshtom npn5bin flpesufleHT 
PoccmmB B.nyrnH. nepeAeroBH3MTOMroc6e3onacHocTbH30nMpo6a- 
jia OKoro 200 flHcCHaewTOB. 

CiDpoHHUKkifleMOKpaTHaaunw BornaBecOcBanhjaoriai^H Capflw- 
HacoM pa3pa6aTbieaiOT onpoeirr Bapena» - npeanoitteHHe peffcepeH- 
ayMe B noflflepxKy nonnTHHecuHn pecpopM n ycneiuHO npoaoA^T o6op 
noanMcei*. 

1 6 Mapia 2003 roaa, nocne HeoawOKpaThbix yrpoj OtiaenB Kacrpo 
saKpbiTb npeflCTaanTenbCTBO CLUA B raBaHesanoMOLUbfliccMaeHTaM, 
opranw Ky6MHCKDti rocSesonacHocTn HaHHwatOT cawoe SHannTenbHoe 
noaaeneHHs nHaKOMwcnun 3a necKOfibKO aecBrmieTviii. 75 aeayiMk*" 
aHCCHfleHTOB, BocMOSHOM )KypHanMCTbi. hdphctw apa^iii h npoctcoios- 
Hbie aenTerw, apecioBaHw m ocywaCHbi na TiopeMHbiB cpoKn ot 14 ao 
28 neT B noHye Mapra sa nonbiTKy yrona napoMa bo (bnopMfly no 
npuroBopy i(y6nHCKoro ipiiSyHana paccipenBHw rpw nenoBexa. 



Koraa 3KOM0MMKa b aepbMOBOM cocTonHwn, iiyniue scero 
saxeflTbBOMHv, HToew cpaay bcbm aaTKHyrbr/iOTKH. BHyiuaTb 
ronoAHOMy HenOBexv, mto oh cwt, Aonro He/ib3fl, ne 
Bbinep*M8ae r ncuxuKa. a npaBWTb cywacujeAiiJUM HapOAOM 
- yAOBO/ibCTBue ManeHbKoe... 
ApKOAHA H BopHC CrpyraiAKHe «C)6irraeMMii ocrposa 



-KAPTA- W3S-40 300* 



^ OEKTAEMhli OCIPDII 



47 



KAPHECKHH KPM3HC 

A. A/IEKCEEB 

KAK nPMHklMAJIM PELUEHME 



Xpyiuee citaaan o ceoefl a6coniOTH0ki yaepeHHOCTn 
B TOM. MTo B OTMecTKy 33 HopaweHHe Ha rinaiiB-XMpoH 
awepHxaHUbi npeflnpuwyr BtopxeMiie na KyGy jme us c 
noMombo waeMHiiitOB, a co&TBeMHbiMM BDopy*eMHbiMn 
CHJiawM: HB axoTCMBT y Hac ecrb flOCToeephbie aaHHwe. 
Mw, npoflonxan oh. flon»tHbi hbm™ cronb acjjttienTWBHoe 
cpeflCTBo ycrpaiueHMn. noTopoe yflepwano 5bi awepm- 
xaHuea oTSToro pucKOBanHoro luara. n6o HaujHXBbicryn- 
jieHUM bOOH b samMTy Ky6bi hbho Hefl0CTaT0«H0, norn- 
Ka noACKasbiaaeT. roBOpMn Xpymee, hto laKiiM cpefl- 
CTBOM Moxer 6biTb TOrbKO pa3MemeHMe HaiuMx paKCT c 
flflepHbiMH eoeronoBtOMH Ha reppnTOpuM KySu. 

HacooeiuaHMMSbino npHHBTopemeHuie HanpaenTb 
B raaany aenerauMio b cocraae ID. P. PaiuHflOBa, wap- 
mana C. C. BiipioaoBa n asTopa 3thx crpon oni oficy*- 
flBHUfl c Ky6nHCKHM pyKOBOACTooM viaevi. swcKaaaHHbix 
H. C Xpyii4eBbiM. 

B cepenMHe Man hn npMfibinn b rasany B aeHb 
npiieaAa b BcrpeTuncB c Pay/ieM Kacrpo m nonpocMn ero 
cpo'^Ho opraHM30BaTb BCTpel^y c OnaereM. 3 Hnnero He 
CKaaan Paynio o KOHKpeTHwx uennx nauiei^ flenerauwu. 
KO noCKonbKy b ee cocraae 6bin Mapuia/i BwpiosoB. 
npvi6biBUJviv^ e TaBany noa apyoii cpaMViniAef^: Paynb, KaK 
MHe aywaeTCB, noHa;i, o hbm noiiaeT pe'^b Mepea hc- 
cKonbKO nacoB Be^epoM cocronnacb «aiua BcrpeMa c 
OHflenew, Ha KOTopoiS npHcyrcTBOsan h Paynb 

PasroBop Ha^ancn c coo6meHHfl 06 o3a60HeHHOc- 
Tn CoBercKoro npaBHTenbCTsa pasenTMSM co5biTMM bok- 



ytaattaiB tmcmu (ipMKt.M;, 

•BM nniaTKo. . .■ i , 

roojfl.pe:„, „=,;,„. ,„„„ „^^ „p,^_ _ .otapuw 

:roj«iWiKj >[i«y J.lTii,Met.i, ."'■ 



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DucbMO Hiixumbi ypyuiosa Umony KeHHedu 



Artacmgc Mu'OfiH. nocon CCCP "a *ry6o 

A. Ajwcceee u Oudenb Kacmpo ^962 sod. 

pyr Ky6bi, KspaiuMBaHbteM arpeccMenbix aeMCTBkiii CLUA. 
HTo Momo npMBecTn k mx aoopyweHHOMy BTOpwen^iio. 
HaujM <n Ky6nHCKne oyeHKw coaAaeLuemcsi nonomen^iH 

3aTeH 5bino CKasaHO, 4To npasmenbCTBO CCCP 
BceMH BoaMOWHbiMii cpeflCTBaMM roTOBO noMOHb Ky6e a 
ykpen/neHMn ea o6opOHOcnoco6HocTii BnnoTb ao pac- 
CMOTpeHMB Bonpoca □ pasMemeHHH Ha ee reppnTopmi 
coaeTCKHx paKer cpeanew aanbHocTn, ecnw Ky6nHCKiie 
apyabn coiTyr a/in ce6ci nonesHbiM raitoe cpeflctao 
ycTpaiueHHB noTenunanbHoro arpeccopa. ipnaenb Ha 
MMHyry aaaywancB, a aaTew CKaaan, mto ewy are nflea 
npeflCTaB/inercn tweHb MHTspecHOM, nocKontxy oHa, 
KpoMe sauiMTbi KyBiiHCKOM peaoniouMH, nocnywHT MHie- 
pecaM MMpoBoro couHannsMa v\ yrneTeKHbix napoaoe b 
nx npoTMBo6opcTBS c o5HarrieBiunw awepuKaMCKHM wm- 
nepiiann3MOM, ttoTopwili noactoay b Mtipe nbiTaercnai^K- 
TOsaTb CBOK) Bonio. Ha cneayKJuiHii aenb cocTonnacb 
6eceAa> na KOxopoft c Ky6;iHCKOii ciopoHbi KpoM© Ohab- 
nn npHcyrcTBOBanw Paynb KacTpo. SpHecro Me resaoa, 
OcBanbflo flopTHKOC H Bnac Poke. OrBei mx 5bin oflHo- 
SHanen: ab- B mone Ha-<anacbnoflfOTOBKaK OTHpaBKena 
KySy wiaTepnanbHOM ^acin m BOMHCKoro nepconana 

K 22 0KTfl6p« 1962 roaa, Korfla npesHfleHT ClUA 
/1*0H KeHHeflM BbicTynun no awepuKaHOKOMy paano m 
TeneeHfleHHK) c cooSmeHneM 06 o6Mapy)KeHiiM na Ky5e 
coBBTCKnx paKeT, ace 42 paKexbi n 6oeronoBKi^ k hum, a 
TaioKe BonMCKHk^ nepcoHan y>Ke Swrin na wecTe. HacTb 
Haiuwx KopaSneii ems naxoannacb a nyrw, ho na mux 
Sbino BcnDMOraienbHoe cHapfWKeMHe vi npOflOBonbCTBwe 
/yin BOHHCKoro KOHTHHreMra. 6e3 nero npii cnynae mokho 

6hinO A 060MTHCb. 



wwwKtrtiorg 



41 



4 KPACHflE KIIMCII 



CepreM HOBOXH/lOB 



KAK AOCTAB/iqjIM PAKETbl 



nonKOSHMK B oTcraBKe OceafitAO (CepHawAGC noKa- 
3biBaeTno«emeBijjMe0oTorpa(t)minimHoroapxiiBa.Ha 
CHUMKax M3o6paMena rpynna nraaei* b KyBwHCKOi* BOBh- 
Hoii cpopue M a luraTCKOM. «3to - mom coBercKHe Tosa- 
PMUIH. c KOTopbiMM Mbi npOBBnn Ha Ky6e homth ABa 
MecHLia HaKanyHe KapM&cKoro KpH3vica, nocTas^eiijero 
ui^p Ha rpaHb ndspHoA KaTacTpo(t)bi», -■ paccKaauaaeT 

OH 

il)9pnaHaec noMHHT HSMano nonpo6HoCTeM. can- 
SBHHbix c flocraBKoii cobctckhx paKBT Ha ocTpoB. Toraa. 
B asaKHM crapuiero neiSTenaHTa flOpo^HoPi nonmjmi, oh 
SbinonHnn wwccwto no oSecreMeHnio 6e3onacHOCTH xo- 
jionH c cosercKOM BoeHHoii rexHHKOii. 

B KOHue aarycTa 1962 roAa OCBaribflO nonyMnn 
npHKaa OToepaib 15 naaeMKbix TOBapwiiieii H3 cocraaa 
TpaHcnopxHoi* nommnH, a b nocJieflHwe amu MecsMa 
BMecTe CO CBoen rpynnoii OTnpaewncH e ropofl TpHMH- 
aaa hb ioxhom noSepexbe Ky5bi. 

«HaM CKasajiM, 4To e nopTjonjKHo npHiiTH coBeic- 
Koe o6opyfloaaHMe, 6e3onacHocTi. xoToporo nywHo o6ec- 
neHMTb Ha nyxM k Mecry Hasna-^eHMfl. Toraa aawe pe^H 
He mno o paKeraxs /Imub noawe oh ysnan noApoSHOcm 
npe^CTOfliiicM MMCCMM. 





PuCyHOK U3 KHUdO /JwOlj XfltUM 

"f-fcmopufl ClUA B 10 /noAta/", 1993 e. 



^™" i» i^ ^ --^ 

CtwemcKoe cydno. docmaanaewee paiiemu hs Ky6y 

Chumok c SMeputiaHCKoeo cauonema 

Hepfioe cyaHo mOmckx npuSbino e TpMMUflaA 9 
ceHTn6pB 196Z roaa n flocTaBMno 6 tmepHbix paiceT 
Koffla Bcran aonpoc o6 mx repeSpocKe x Mecry awonoKa- 
UMM. maBHOM Tipo6neM0M crana mx AnwHa - 24 Msipa. 
flaneKo ne Ha KajtyjOM noBopore b nyenHCKOM rry6nHKe 
Tsran c TaKiiM rpyaoM Mor CBoSoflHO noBepHyib 

riepeSpocKa tcxhukm npoHCxoawjia iic«/iiOHiiTenb- 
HO B TBMHoe epewB cyroK - c 1 2 Macoa hohj^ ao 5 nacoB 
yipa. TnraHM nepeAenranHCb c noTymeMHbiMM ctapaMw, 
crapancb o6be3>t(aTb Hacenenhbie nyHKTbi. 

riepBOM KonoHHe nprnu/iocb cflenaib kpok b tph 
KMnoMBTpa: oflHH M3 noBopoTOB floporM 6bir HacronbKO 
Kpyr. 4T0 TnraH ne Mor b Hero snHcaTbCfi. vi np^nj/iocb 
ex3Tb no npBMOM florex nop, noita ne Haiujiocb noflxofln- 
mero MecTa flrn paseopoxa, BcnoMiiHaeT OepHanflec 

C HacTynfieHMSM paccBera rexHHKy HaKpbiaanH wac- 
KnpoB04HbiMn ceTBMH, 3 AopoMHan norMLtHfl nepBKpbi- 
aa/ia aaii>i<eHne no aopore. oSbnchfln HaceneHnto. hto 
siKoBbi npoM3oujna asTo Kara expo 0a. 

Ocean bflo nowHHx, hxo nepabiiut na lOHKy 1 8 ceHTn6- 
PH npuSbijio noflpasflencHMe nonKOBHiiKa MaaHa Cmao- 
posa. CoBexcKMe aoeKHwe cxpoMxenH nponenanM H3- 
pflflHyio pa6oxy nOfiKOBHUK unweHepHbix bomck Ahbto- 
nm BypnoB b KpaiMaiiLuee apewB nojiroxoBwn cxapro- 
Bbie nnoiuaflKM fljia paKex. Bee pa5oxbi npoBoannncb 
CKpuxHo. M aMepHKSHCkaa aBi^aqiin CMorna saceub xex- 
HHKy numb 14 oKX(i6pfl, a 8 flMeii cnycxn paspaaiincn 

KaptlSCKblf^ KpUdl^C. 

no cnoaau (OepHaHneca. k xowy BpeMenH 5l-fi 
paKexHo-naepHbiii fliiBM3noM 6bin npaimiMecKH roroB k 
5oeBwM fleticxBHPM Ho CKOpo npumno useecrne, mto 
HnKHxa Xpyiyea it fljKOH KeHHeflH floroBOpMnncb o Bbtao- 
fle coBBTcnnx paKei c ocxpoea, . 

Ha npomaHMe coeexcKMe otfrtmepw CKasa/in. i«He 
aa«Ho, Hxo HBM npuxoflMxcn yxoflMXb. Byflbxe cnoKowHw. 
Mw Byaew npoflonwaxb aac aaiUHiuaxb. Ky6a m CCCP - 
oflKO genoen 



■KAPX*- »»^ 2004 



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« 



CepreM CTEnAHOB 

OnEPAUMq «AHAAblPb» 



CeroflNfl B CeBaCTonone npo)KiiBaiOT OKono aayxcoT 
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nwcb Ha Ky6y nofl anaou cenbCitoxoaniiCTBeHHbix cnemt- 
annCTOB, nofl bkaom rpa)KflaHCK«x exann flame reHepanbi 

M aflMHpa/lbl! 

-yTpanacyxorpyaaBMeTannyprKypaKOncoTpyflHM- 
KH B UJTBTCKOM 3a6pa;iii Moe vflocTOBepeHHe nnHHOCTw a 
nponycTHfinHa i!opa6/ib, Ha^arocbaflCKOeAByxHeflenb- 
Hoe nyreiuecTBiie: conflarw h Maipocbi paawemanHCb b 
Tpiouax HS ipexiinpycHMX Hapsx. 

EciecTBeHHo, 4To eeHTiiJinyMfi hb cyAHe hs rofl»- 
;iacb A"" cy6Tponn4ecKwx uinpoi Hs-sa otcvtctbhh 3Jie- 
MeHTapHbixcaHMTapMO-mrMeHimecitkixycnoBHiiM Henon- 
HOUSKHoro nuraHvin (b ochoshom 3to tbiniA KOHcepati) 
nioflH ciann 6oneTb. - BcnoMMHaer BeTepaH-«Ky6iiHei4» 
Oeflop MeAseaeB. 

- Ha noaxoRB t. Ky6e Hac BCTpeTMnt4 aMepHKancxtie 
caMonerbi, KOiopue eecuepeuOHHo nmi^piiaanv\ c Hoca 
Ha KopMy. c 6opTa Ha 6opi. C HeOonbuioS Bbicorw ohm 
tt)OTorpa0MpO6anM najiySy, Moikho 5bino cBo6oflHo pac- 
cMOTpeTb n^Lia JieTMMKoe h 4>OTorp30OB. 

VjKe Ha Ky6e mmc ipmunocn ynacTBoeaTb b pasMe- 
meHHH neHMHrpaflCKOro rocnmans b hpobiihuhk riWHap- 
Aerib-PHO. BpaM paAoHa npHr/iacitn k ce6e aomoA FI Gun 
nopajKBH 6oraTCTaOM napTnt*Horo aoMa: flByx3Ta5KHafl 
BviJina, OKpyxeHHan caAOM c TponwecKWMM flepesbflMn. 
6acceAH, rpti lUHKapHbtx auepuKaHCKvix aBTOMo^MiiH, or- 
pOMHan 6M6nnOTeKa, npocTopHww 6ap, npwcnyra n T.a fl 
ncwyBCTBOBan ce6fl HM^iTOJKeCTBOM b CBoevi ne nepsoii 
caeiKecrvi KkiraAcKoti pyGaLixe vi noxpbiTbix nynbio Gpio- 
xax rae-TO a rnyCiiHe avium MsnbKHyna Mbicjih: « Box, ubi. 
rpnsHbje. HniuMe. np^mnM cioAa ^aBOfli^Tb nap$iflOK?!» 

Mne 3BnOMKnnacb Bcrpena tiviaetnt Kacrpo c noMan- 
floeaHHeM m o(t)viuepcKMM cocTaBOM npM6biBmiix coeetc- 
Kwx nacTeii Oipviuepu mraGa CTo»nn y aopOT, roTOBwe 
BCTpeTMTb abicoKQro rocTB. Ho Tfr Bbimefi Ae>KypHbm m 
cooSiuMfi. HTo OMflenb y»te b sane. Bot3T0 KOHcnnpauiflfl* 
n Bfiepawe yBHae/i nwAepa xyGMHueB. roBopmi oh thxo, 
Sea wecTHKynjtLjMH, OrKptiiwe or 6opoflbi yMacTKn jiHua 
Gmiim GneflHCBaTbi. KaxMHe TorAa noKasanocb, dh bohho- 
Banc«. no3we b yBUflen Kacrpo Ha MHoroTbico^HOM mh- 
THHre, 3to 6bir Apyoii OHflerb' Ero mojuho 6bmo cny- 
Luaib HacaMM, as^e He noHHMan nsuKa. Oh npocTo rHnHo- 
TM3^poBan nioAet^. 





KyduHCKue u coaemcxue /remuuxu, 60-9 aodf 



Oceatibdo /le^muKoc u 1>udanta Xacmpo 



Pay/ifl Kacrpo n yBUfler e rocnuTane a Boctohmom 
raaaMe. Oh npnexaji na aaToGyce eMecTe c APyMMM 
oct)»iuepaMH. 0viasnb vi Payr^b hb hoxowm na GpaTbes, 
HacTOfibKO BHBiiJHe OHM pasHbie. 

npMGbiBtiivte BOMHCKHC l^ac^n Ha^anw ycTpaviBaTb 
GwT B HcnpMBbiHHbix KHHMaTHHecufX ycnoBMHx. Ha'na- 
iiacb 3nnAeMMnfln3eMrepiiM, b flenb npMxoAnnocb rocoM- 
TanMSMpoBaib ao ABaauarM Hefioaen. 

CnyCTB HecKonbxo ahbh aaKOHHMriMCb areweHiap- 
HbieMeAHK3MeMTbi, a BCKopenonBMnMCb6onbHwe CTpo- 
nimecKMMM 3a6oneBaHi^FiMM. A>^arHOCTMpoBaTb m ne^kiTb 
MX Mu, BbinyCKHMKk4 MeAMuMHCKOM aKaflEMMH. He yueiiM. 

Mne npHiunocb nponsBecTM BCttpwiwe norMOiuero 
coBBTCKoro BoeHHOcnywaiuero B noncBbix ycnoBMsx, ioa 
nannuiMM co/iHueu, hb nMen cneLiManbHoro HwcxpyMeH- 
TapMfl 

flo cBMAerenbCTB3M o'^eBvifmea, Ka npoTflweHUM 
1962 roAa ncMxonarHMecKMt^ imMMar 6ur Tn»enbiM. Bo- 
eHHbiB He nony^anM hmcgm c PoA^Hbi. 

kl3-3a Gonbuioro paccToxHHx ne npiiHtiManMCb pa- 
fltlOCTaHUHM MOCKBbl. 3aT0 HpyrDOCyTOMHO c xopouiMM 
KSMecTBOM lu/iM nepeAa'411 nronoca AuepHKtm. 

3a apeMa KapM6ciioro KpManca cepbesHwe ncHxn- 
^ecKMepaccTpoMCTBa6binM3a0iiKCMpos3Hbiy6OconAaT 
CoBBTCKOiS ApMMM, Ha KyCe ocianocb pyccxoe xnaflGMiue. 
ffle noxopoHeHbi 64 HeAOBBKa 

14 oKTBGpfl coBBTCKMe paKeTw GwrM oenapyweHbi 
auepviKaHCKviMM nM;iQTaMi^ b 90 km ot reppviTopviM CUJA. 
riocne 3Toro aMepMitaHUbi aenariM enteflveBhue oenerbj 
KyGw. fMAEnb Tpe6o8an, htoGw pyccxne mx c6MBanM, 
OAHaKo xoMaHfloaaHMe rpynnbi BoaAepwMBanocb Haspe- 
Ban RA^PHbiA KOH(t]riitKT 

Mhb crajio crpaujHO Bo<pyr KyGu cnnoiuHbiM Konb- 
UOM CTonnM xopaOnM BM* CUIA. Kan. spaM. xopomo anaa- 
LUkiM nopaiKaioiLiMe cbaKTopbi arOMHoro opywi^n. anaBLUHv^ 
niOAei*, npoiueAiuMx ^epea anMuenrp BSpuaa Ha Hcnwia- 
HHM 5oM6bi Ha TonKOM no/iMroMe. n ne Mor noHBTb, 
noHeMy nonMTMKM totobw noktm Ha caMoyGMMCTeo.,. 

"Ceaacmono/ibCKan saaeman 



^/wtl kana org 



51 



KPACHOE KDilECO 



BJiaanMnp POKOTOB 

PAKETbl BCE PABHO 
HEBSJIETEJIM Ebl... 



Co3flanHb(e MMxannoM FlHre/ieM paxerbi 5binii ot- 
npSBnoHbi Ha Ky6y. KOrflaTaMMaMancsi Kapn6c»iiM Kpiisnc 
Ho OKaabiBaercfl, ^to crapT 3thx paxet e HanpaeneHwii 
Auepi^K^ SbiJi ace paaHO HeBoawoxeH. 

Abtop stmx trrpoK paBoian e re roRo: ncnbiTareneM 
SopTOBbix CHCTSM ynpaBnehUB Ha awaiuiiHaxit (paKBTax) 
Mmanna JlHrena « BnaflMMMpa HenoMSH Crpe/ifinM e 
ocHOflHOM c nojinroHa a Tropa-Tawe Toraa noBBunocb 
HOaoe noKO/ieHkte cticrew ynpaareHiiq, v\ Ba3HiiKano mmo- 
McecTBO npoGneM HanpuiMep. sspuB a 0HTfl6pe 1960 rona. 
Kor^a nor/6 M M. HeaendH. uor 5biTb Bbissan ouji45koi^ b 
paSoTB niiponaTpoMa npw sanycie flBurarensSS BTopoi* 
CTyneHH RoaTOMy bchd npoBepOHHyio h noflroToanTenb- 
Hyio pa6ory BbinojiHnnti Mbi. npeAcraaiiTeJiti npoMbiLunen- 
HocTH BoeHUbio TonbKO HawnMariH khohkh «nyct(» 

Ha Ky6y npnee3/in. kbk MSBecTHO. paneTw flHrern. 
06cnymiBajiM mx To/ibKO BoeHHbie. nepeoAerbie b wexa- 
HH3aTopoB H arpoTexHUKOB. TaK bot, noaie Toro kbx i(M3* 
AenMfl» BepHynn aouovt, tix, ecrecTBeHHO. nepenpoaepn- 

l^ oav\» 113 HaujHx ii^wenepoB 6bir ryna OTKOMaHA^- 
P0B3H flnR npoBepxn oicreM ynpaaneHna, flocne Hero 
ujenoTOu pacCKasbiean ^to hm oahb ms paKST we cwoma 
Cbi crapToeaTb, tbk Kan bo BpeMa pernaMeHTWbix pa6oT 
o6wDTKi4 mpoCKOnOB cropenM 

/leno B TOM. HTo BnepBbie na itvizpenv^f^xa Af^tt ywenb- 
LueHHn TpeKtin rwpocKonbi norpy>KanM b c^ntiKOHOByio >KkiA- 
KocTb (TaK HasbieaeMbie MviAKOCTHbie hjik nnaeaioiMtiQ 




Caw KpucnKiCaftti. 23 0KmH6ps> 1962 s nepeaa Sasa 

sanycua coeemcKux 6aj}poc!nij'4ecKuii paKsm 

cpedHoao paduyca doOcmaua. 

rMpocKonu) flepeA CTperibSoH fl/in paaroHa rnpocKonoa 
Tp€6oBanocb paaorpeaaib wMRKQurt, cna6biM tokom fljia 
yweHbiuehnfl BfOKocTM b Te^jsH/e 20-30 mum/t (mto, paay- 
MeeTcn CKa3biBaiiocbHaBpeueviiiroToaHocTii) noKaKuu- 
Ta nptiui^HaM eo spewn pernaueHTHbix p360T namk) o<pv\- 
uepbi na Ky&e noAa^m tok pasroHa a qQmotkh rvipoCKonoB 
5e3 npeflBapurerbHOro paaorpeaa kmakocth nofleecKM 
EcTecTseHHO, cny>^iirocb to, 4to m floii«Ho fibiro cry^Htb- 
co c 3aTopMO>KeHHt>iMM flBMraTerBMM oh;< craperm Flo- 
STowy nony^HTb curHa/i fotobhocth 6bino 5bi hbbosmoxho 
H crapT He Mor coCTOflTbCfl. 

BcoKHii pas, Kor/ja MannHaeTCB flucKyccnn o coSw- 
TUflx Tex neT Ha Ky6e. b pasMwiunnio o tom, nacxofibKO 
onacHbi AypaKH y anacrv . 



A. AnEKCEEB 



KAK BCE SAKOHHM/IOCb 



rieperOBopbi A. M MMKonMa c Onflenew Kacrpo b 
raaane ii B 6. KyaneiiOBa c npeACraei^TennMii npeaMaen- 
Ta CLUA M y TanoM b Hbto-t^opue nocrooHhO KOOpAWHHpo- 
BSJTMCb Hspes MocKBy. PecnyQjTMKa Ky6a euna OTcrpaHe- 
Ma OT npsMoro yMacmn b sthx flenax. M 3to o6cTO[iTe/ib- 
CTBO. Kone'^HO. Oonee acero yAPy^a/io KyCMHCKHx pyKoeo- 
AMTsne^. saTpyAHnn vi hslum 6ec8Abi c hmmm. 

H KorAa B novicxax sbixoaa ^3 cosAaBaterocn rynkiica 
Mbi BbicKaaani* tvieio AonycHa ^Hcnetaopoe na coBeTCKHe 
cyAa, *«fle/ib cxasa;!, MTO 3TOAenoCCCP. hoi-tobcbomx 
Tepp^Topi^a/ibHbix BOAax Ky6a TBKoro ne no3Bontn' CUIA 
BbiHyxuieHbj 6binhi comacMTbcn c nnaHOM norpysK^ He3a- 
HBxneHHbix paneT na nany6bi coaeTCKHx cyAOB m 4)OTorpa- 
cJiwpoBaMMH nx CO CBOMx K0pa5/ieM H caMoneroB b Mewfly- 
HapOAHblX BOAax 

B MTore. HecMOTpH na flnMTe;ibMoe conpoTMBneHne 
Ky6MHCKiix ToeapHiiieu, nau see iks npMiunoCb COrnacttTb- 
cn c auepMK3HL4aM^ na BbiBOA cawoneTOB b1n-28 m ropneA- 
"bix KarepoB Bwna AocinrMyra floroaopeHHOcib o0 oc- 
TaBJieHMH Ha Ky6e sosHHoro coeA^"6HHn, KOTopoe Morno 
6bi OKasbiaaTb xydkiHL^aM nouoiiib b oenaAeH^ti gobstckom 
BoenHoii TexHMxoii, 

neperoBopu b raaane m Hbio-l^opKe saBeprntinMCb 
20 HOflSpB 1962 roAa — nocne Toro xax npeanaenT ClUA 
/1)K. KeHHeAki o6i>nBkin □ CHfiTkiH SroxaAbi. CoaeTCKtie 
paKSTbi K TOuy BpSMBHii yMCB 6bi/^^ BbtBBseHbi c Ky6bi. 



CoBSTCKoe npaeMTenbCT ao asno yKasaH^e Hamkiw aoopy- 
iKeHHbiM CMJiaM o6 orweHe noBbiuieHHOi^ Soeaobi totobho- 
CTn TaKoe we yKaaamie nocreAOBano n ot maaHOKOMan- 
flytoujero OSbeflnHeHHbiMM BoopywehHbiwM cunaMn rocy- 
AapcTB — yMacTHtiKoeBapujaBCKDro/loroBOpa TaKsaxoH- 

HHJICn Kap»l6CKMii Kpki3MC 




liuKuma XpyaiBB uJIJmom KgnHedv. 1961 so^. 



HAPTA- WJ8-40 2004 



4 



OENTAEMblii OCTPOB 



SI 



Mbi He 3Has}v\ HMKaKOii flpyroii ncropnn ceoeti poAHHw. KpoMe roil, KOTOpan buna MCTOpMeti ero 
caworo, mw He 3Hajiii HHoro OTenecTBa, KpoMe Toro. KOTOpoe oh cotbopmji no oSpaay CBoeuy m 
noao6kiio. MeHqfl ero npocrpaHCTseHNbie ]A3Mepen\Aa m jacraRnan cawo speun re^b coo6pa3Ho 
ero co6cTBeHHoii Bo/ie. 

ra6pM3Jib rapcHa Mapxec 'OceHb narpuapxai 



E(t3MM UJyMAH. rpuropuM K03/10B 



TO, HTO Bbl HE XOTEJIM 3HATb O OMflEHE 




Knusa Pa6eprna E KeupKa. 
nesiuan s ocHoey cmambu 



/lereHflapHwii KOMaH- 
aaH^e eMaKChiMoni^ep» 

(nSe/lklKMM BOMV^bH, KaK 

ero flocTaroiiHO no n roe 
Bpeufl HasbiBariM He Tonb- 
Ko na Ky5e). BOT ywe So- 
nee copoKa neT yaep^M- 
aaiomm BnacTb, onupa- 
act> Ha flocTaTOHHD 3K3o- 
TWHecnyio cfcopMy flKap«6- 
CKoro coMMann3Mau, 
SHsprMHHbiti 6opeL| npo- 
TMB nepaeeHCTBa. He :«e- 
fiaiou^MM oc:na6nnTb pont 
rocynapcTBa b yroAy 

TJleTBOpHOMy BJWflHHra 

aanaziHoro aHeonki6epa- 
nn3Ma>>, HenoBBK, kdto- 
pbibi. HecMOTpn Ha KaTac- 
Tpocfii^ecKoe SKOHOWMHecKoe norowenne. npofloji^aer 
ocTaBaTbcsnonyjiflpHbiMyflocTaT04Ho5onbiiJoro4Hc;ia 
Ky5MHueB. -TaKOM uenoBBK, 6e3ycnoBHO. OMenb HHiepe- 
cen. 

Kor^a HaHMHaeiub 3MaK0uiiTbo»i c Hoaetiiije^ kigro- 
pMeii KySbi, TO nepeoe, mto hphxoaht b ronosy, ~ nese- 
ponTHa» ee cxoMecTb c cobbtckvium <OT3naMH Bonbiuo- 
ro nyrun HpoBOflnTb napan/ieriH Bceraa OHenb coS/iaa- 
HkireribHo. aTyroH^KTouywenpocTOHanpaiUHBaiOTCfl. 
Ha Ky6e To^e 6bina cson «4ieBpanbCKan peBonnukinu, 
{^BeprHyBiuafi aMKTBTopa BaTucTy, m ceo^ DpeweHHoe 
npaBHTeribCTBO. Koropoe Onaenb Kacrpo, otJ]nmianbHo 
aaHMMasLu^M Tor^a riMLUb nocr renepanbHoro npeAcra- 
BHTenK npeanfleMTa b soopyiKeHMbix cmia* cTpanbi, o^eHb 
6bicTpo pasornan B noTe n^iia paOoTanu peaonKiuMOH- 
Hwe TpM6yHa/ibi. SHaBmiie numb oahh npnroBOp - pac- 
CTpen KacTpo c caworo Havana cran b aapoflbime ynwH- 
TomaTb nio6bie noTeHqwajibHbie OMam HeaOBOnbCTaa. 
nocneflOBarenbHo yKpennnq cboki eaiiHorn4Hyio enacTb. 
Oh pacnycTM/i npocpcofo^bi. 3aKpbin «6ypJKya3Hbie» ra- 
seTbi. Goponcn c penktmefi, HauMOHa;iM3HpOBan npo- 
MbiiiiiieHHwenpe;inpnfiTMH,6aMKHMCenbCKoxo3nHCTBeH- 
Hwe yroflbB (npuH&M npiiHafljie«aini"e He TOjibKo Ky6nH- 

UaM, HO H VIHOCTpaHuaM, NTO B KOHBHHOM UTOre n npuBB- 

no K nonnTH4ecKOM w 3K0H0MH4ecKOk! n3onnunM Ky6bi). 
OceHbK) 59'ro rofla, acero nepea AecnTt MScnyeB 
nocne cBepMeHMn BamcTbi, d>iiAenb Kacrpo na'^an pac- 
npaannTbcn h co cbohuk HeAaBHMMM finHNtakiiuhiMii co- 
>03MHKaMM B 6opb6e npoTwa AKKraTopa. Ero pOAHoft 6paT 
Paynb, Ha3HaMeHHbr*i hb nocT BoeHHoro MHHMcrpa b 




<amoc u apxuenucKon 
Cahmbfieo-de-Kyda sua apt 
f959 3. 



HOBOM npaBbiTenbCTBe, 
nHcueHtipoBan noKaaa- 
TenbHWH npouecc npoTMB 
VBepa Maroca. Koropbiii 

KOMBHAOBaJI aOMCKBUM B 
OAHOCi t43 KHKIHeBbtX npO- 

BitHUiAvi It 6bin oneHb no- 
nynnpen b napOAe Ko- 
MdHAaHTe 6bin BbisBan a 
cyA B xauecTse ceiiiAeTe- 
jifl. Oh BbiCTynan ceMb 
'^acoB, oQbuhhb CBoero 
BMcpamHero copaTMMKa 
BO Bcex cuepTHbix rpexax. 
«Hnii y6ep MaToc npe- 
AaTenb, wnM n - nrynlB - KpH^an Kacrpo. B pesynbiare 
Maroca np^roaopH/Tki k ABaAuaiH roAaM ricpbMbi. Rpo- 
Kypop rpeCoBan cuepTHoii KasHi^. ho apeuet^a 6binH ew,6 
MBereTapti3HC«ne». KpoMe roro, Kacrpo peiuMn npo- 
na«TbCHiicxo)«AeHiie,HaAeflCb,HToMaTOc,t;oTopbiii86r 
ce6n Ha cyae OMCHb TBfipflO, HawH^T co BpeweneM naoTb- 
CB, rpocMTb o noMMnoaaHHM.. 3Toro He cnyMnnocb, 
MaToc orcMflen Bce AsaAuaTb rei, KaK roaopnTcn, or 
SBOHKaAO 3BDHKd. Ero6iijiki e rtopbMe, eMy npMXOAHnocb 
cnarb nonypasAerbiM na ronow xaueHHOM nony . Maro- 
ca BHuepKHynn H3 chmckob repoefl peaoniouHH. Peryiue- 
pbi Aaifce y6panii ero co 3HaMeHMT0M (tioTorpa0Mv<. Ha 
KOTopoH MSoSpaweHb) «6ap5yAoc«, c noCeAoCi bxoas- 
LilMe B raaany b nneape 59-ro roAa. 

Ha npoTfOKennH npaBrenun Kacrpo npoiuno ne- 
CKonbKO noKaaare/ibktbixcyAeOHbix npoijeccoB, na koto- 
pbix cyAi^niii era 6biBiiiMx copaTHMKos Koro sa MSueHy 
PoAviHe, Koro 3a opraHMsauitio saroBopa c uenbio ceep- 
xieHMfl KMaKCHMO nnaepa», . B HioHe 89-ro roAa KacTpo 
yanHM we oSpasOM nsfiaaiincB ot OAHOro H3 csmwx 
onacHuxceowx conepHMKoa - renepana ApwanbAO O^ioa, 
FepOM peeoniouvi(4, HarpaxuieHHbi^ unoiKecTBOM opAe- 
HOB, sawecTHTOfib MkiHMCTpa o6opoHb> u unsH L\K, Omos 
KOMaHAoaan xy6MHCKMMn soiiCKaMM b Anrone w Scpno 

HHH. 5bin BOeHHbIM COBeTXMKOM CaHAMHMCTOB B HHKapB- 

rya. OcpMUMenbHo ero oSbmhmum b KOHTpaSanAe Apero- 
ueHHbix KauHeA i^ HapKOTHKoe. Ho maeHati ero bhhb 
Sbina. cyflfl no acehiy, b apyroM, Bpar OMAenn Paynt 
KacTpo roBopM/i 06 ApMa/ibAO Onoa KaK o "pasnyaflaH- 
HOM nonynncTen, cropOHHviKe "ropBa^SBCKOM rnacHOC- 
TV1D. A caM KOMa^aHTe b 6eceAe c oahhm vis MtypnariH- 
cTOB noRCHkin: «Pio6aH KpHTHKa — 3to onnosMUMn. A 
jiio6an onno3iiMMn - 3to xoHTppeaontouMn^. 



www tarts WD 



52 



^ KPAGHQE KDAECQ 




Apnanbdo O'voa 



reHcpana Onoa nyM- 
me noflroTOBHnu k cyfly. 
MSM yeepa Maroca. Oh 
xanncfi, noriKOCTbio rpn- 
SHaean cboio BMHy, npo- 
cMn rpwroBopviTb ero k 
cwepTH, nOTOMy ><to hh- 
4ero flpyroro He sacny- 
iHHBaer, h oSeujan ywe- 
peTb c nweweM UJHflenn 
Hayciax Cyaero npocbSy 
Bbino/iHHn: Onoa pac- 
CTpennnM, (tan m xpSx apy- 

rWX MKpMTHKOB-KOHTppe- 

BoniOMnoHopoBi (cpeflH 
HMX - nOHKOBHWKa Ahto- 
Mwo fle na TyapflMa. Ha- 
ManbHMKa cneuoTaena MBA no 5opb5e c aKOHOMH^ecKOii 
SnoKafloii. o KOTopoM - ^yib no3)Ke). HecKO/ibKo nenoBen 
H3 pyKOBOACTBa cTpaHbi. po6KD npeof araBiuHx noiiiH na 
weKOTopbiB KOCMeTH^ecKne pe(t)opMbi. Bw/iH npnroBOpe- 
Hbi n MMOfonerHMM cpOKaM TfopewHoro aaKnic^eHMa, b 
TOM '^ncne MUHncrp BHyrpeHHHx aen Ky6bi A6paHTec. 

Ho OMflenn Kacxpo anoriHe mojkho cpaaHiiBaTb ne 
TonbKo c JleHHHWw M Cra/iHHbiM XoTft B nocneSpeiKHeB- 
CKne BpeMena oh vi CTan ocyMwafb aHOMeHwiarypHo- 
5iopoKpaTWHeCKoenepepo)tyieHiiecomianH3Ma)>,HOAo- 
cTaTOMMO pa3 yBMflCTb efo a rapaaHOii 0opMe, MT06bi 
nOHflTb, ^To w c JleoHMflOM H/ibMyoM y Ky6MHCKoro nHfle- 
pa Hewano oomero. He Syflew nepeincxiflTb opAena, 
KOTOpbiMM HarpawfeH KwaKcuwo ruflep", nepenncnHM 
nnujb noCTu. KOTopwe oh aaHHMaer npencejiarenh fo- 
cyaapcTseHHoro CoBera, fipeAceflarenb CoasTa hhhm- 
cipoB, BepxoBHWH maBHOKOMaMflyiouMM... w nepewM 
ceKperapb UK KoMMwyHHCTHHecxo^ napirni KyStit. «Ho- 
BOMB KOMnapTHH, KBK sfi HepeflKO Ha3biBaiOT, noTOMy mto 
KcrapyiOM, Koropen a 5opb6e npOTue Barncibi 6bifia 
cot03HMueM eosrnaBJiBeMoro Kacxpo «flBvi)«eHmH 26-ro 
Mio;iB». KOMaHaanre nocnenpuxoaa t Bnacrvi tpaKTMnec- 
KM pacnycTH/i nepBbiii ctesfl bhobom" KOMnapTHH Ky6bi 
npotufin iiHiub cnyCTH ceMHaauaib ner nocne caepwe- 
HUB BaTwcTbi, flo anpenn 1961 rofla (Pwaenb mhoto pas 
ny6niinH0 noanepKViBa/i, hto oh - HHnaxofi He KOMMy- 
HUCT. Oa^*aKo nOTOM, onasaBiuHCb a Me^aynapoflHoii 
K30J1HUMH. saHBHn o cBoeJi npKBepweHHOCTH wapKCHcr- 
CKMM waeflM, nony^MB B oraeT meapyw noMOiub H3 Co- 
BSTCKoroCoiosa. 

riepabiM n3 coBeTCKMx pyKOBoanTenew no 6 w a an Ha 
«ocTpoBecBo5oflbi»MnKOBH.OHnoanMcaficornaujeHiie 




0udent. Kacmpo u Pwaod Huhcqh. 1959 aod 



Ha npeflOCTasneHne Ky5e aonrocpouHoro KpeflMra Ha 
cTOMMnnMOHOBaonnapOB KpoMeTOro.CCCPoQnsancfl 
KynnTb y Kacrpo nnTb MwnnnoHOB tohh caxapa. HToSbi 
bdi Mornu nyuoje npeacTaat^Tb ce6e xapaiaep skohomia- 
necKMx oTHOmeHHii weway CCCP h KySoii, npuBeaew 
TaKMB UHtppbi. B ceMviaecRTbie roAw nena caxapa (oc- 
HOBHoro SKcnopTHoro npoayKTa Ky6bi) coctaBnnna Ha 
MMpoBOM pwHKe TBTb cenTaso 3a cfryHT. A CoBercKMii 
Coi03 M apyme coucTpaHbi njiaTHim Ky6e a nnib paa 
SonbUje 

Ho. npaaaa. 6bino 3a mo - c naeororiiHecKofi tohkh 
apeHHH. C T04KH jpeHiin 6opb6bi npoTHB, ksk ceroaM" 
npMHaio roBopHTb, oaHono/iHpHoro MWpa. C Havana 
mecTHaecHTbix roaoB Ky6a ciana rnaanbiM aHTHaMspM- 
KaHCKMM ttiopnoCTOM, HenoTonnneMbiw aBnaHocuew y 
CeperoB CLUA. KapMScxMS itpBStic h BWHyjKAeHHoe pe- 
LueHb^e Xpyiaeaa y6paTb taMHo pasMeiuenHbie na Ky6e 
coBSTcxMe paneTbi c naepHbiMM SoeronoaxaMii c ee rep- 
puTOpMn HecKOJibKo oxnaaHfiM nbin (DmienB Kacrpo. 

Ho OH c nMXBoti KOMneHCMpoaan aro nopa>KeHne 
opraHki3aLii4eii napTvisanCKOi^ 6opb6bi S CaribBaaope. 
BoeHHo^ noMoiabiocaw^HKCTaM a Hi^Kaparya vi Mapxcii- 
cry Buiuony sfpeHaae. a TaioKe oinpasKOM MHoroTwciw- 
Horo HorpaHMHeHHoro KOHmHreHran Ky6MHCKMX BOiiCK s 
Awrony m SctMonnKi. H saech HanpaiiJiiBaK)Tcn nBHwe 
napannenH c Spewneecx^Mki viA^ai^aMH, a viuenHo - c 
eaoaoM BOMCK CTpan BapmaacKOro aorcBOpa b «6paTc- 
KVKiB HexocnoaaKHK) ,ttnn aaiunTw saBoeaaHnii couiia- 
rkiawa a \96S roAy (uBAtpaaHucmaH e 1979-m.- npuM. 
ped.) 

Ho ao AHronbi m S^iHonMH 6biJia eiu6 ^ur\mcKa« 
snonen OnaenB Kacrpo. B Mmom b nayane ceMwaecBTbix 
fOflOB nprnuno k snacTw npaBHTeribCTBoHapoaHoro eauH- 
cTaa, BoarnaenneMoecounariHCTOM CanbaaaopoMAnb- 
enae. Oh BOCCTaMoann annnoMaTti4eCKMe OTHOuieHHfl c 
KySovi. AnbCHfle otkocm/icji k Kacrpo coco6ow cuMnarn- 
evi. BKOHL4enBTnaecHTbixroflOBOM,ToraaemeceHaTop, 
6b)n oaHiiM ;^3 nepsbix o4>MUHanbHbix aeoTenefi, noce- 
TMBUJUx Ky6y nocne c8ep)KeHtin BarwcTbi. 

Koraa npasHTe/ibcTBO Hapoanoro e/iHHCTBa npM- 
iijno X BfiacTH B Hhiim. tl>k*aenb Kacrpo npeanpHnnn 
anwrejibHyK) noeaaxy no aroii crpsHe (ona annnaci. 
no^Tn Mecny). OHnpea^o«iiJi Anbewae. cpea" "poiero, 

CttopMHpOBBTb H3 OtJlMUepOB Ky6MHCK0M CJiyJKSbl fOCSe- 

3onacHocrn npesMaeHrcnyK) rBapat"o HH^mSCKHit nw- 
aep. He aoBepnBLu»iM cBoeH cQ6crBeHH0^ cexperHoA 
cny)K6e « apMkiM, ryr j«e cornacwncn. 

Cronb Ae/iMxaTHoe aeno. kbk cosaaHwe oco5orD 
arpnaa KyS^Hcxbtx Ma^UHUxoB. ecrecrBeHHO. xpaH^nM a 
CTpOMaiiiuew raviHe Ky6iiHMb< Boiiinn b cocraa rax Ha3y- 
saeMOki ttTpynnbiapyseii npeaiiaeHTaM -nMHHoii oxpaHw 
AnbCHae. rnaeHbiMxoopaMHaropoM«rpynnbi»AnbeHfle 
Ha3HaHn.n xy6nHua AMroHwo ae na ryapa«a Ewy, xaK a 
MHoruM apy"M KySMHuaM, yaanocb a nocneaHviS mo- 
Menr, yxe nocne nanana nMHOMeroaCKoro Msrewa, 6e- 
jxarb M3 Mmjih. M paccrpensH oh 5yaeT ne flMHOMeroM. 3 
Kacrpo, ropaaao 103X6, b 1969 roay. ao apsMfl onepea- 
Hoit ^HCTKM. KOTopcii Mw yxB paccKasbisanM. 

Cecrpa Anbenae h ero aoMb nepeexanw na KyCy 
emSfio n/TNa a MunH. flowb ArbSHae Tarn laaena poMaw 
c onexaBujHM efi xy6nHCKMM ^exMcrow JlyncoM. Ha^anb- 
CTBO BenenoTOMy weHHrbCfl Ha Hefl. Ho JlyHcOwn jKSHar 
vt aoBce He xoren pasaoaMTbcn. Toraa Ha Hero kbk cne- 
ayei Haaaawnii, vi emy nptiiunocb noKopnibCfi: rocy- 



-KAPTA' W 38-40 2004 



^ OblTAEMbiiJ DGTPDB 



SI 




Eiue He naMamHVK. a Bonydu /me cudum 



/lapcTBeHHbie MHTepecbi sbiiue riHMHbix. flocne nepeeo- 
poTa B Munn u rn6enM orya fl04b Anbenae sacTpe/mnacb 
H3 TaSeribHoro nHcroneTa Mywa, Koioporo 3a 3to eoifi v 
kaKaaanw noKonmi/ia MiiSHb caMoy5iiHCTB0M m cecrpa 
m/\n]Av\cKoro npesHfleHTa, sySpocHBUjancfi ti3 OKua ra- 
BaHCKoro oTenn «PHSbepa». 

KsK HiA cipaHHO. HO soeHUbiM nepeeopOT \a nopaiKe- 
HMe cDUnann3Ma b Mhjih hb cnvmiKOM oropHMnvi (Diiflenfl 
KacTpo. ropav\Buiiflvica cbouu cnaBHbJM 6oesbiM npo- 
LUfibiM. OH B rny6iiHe ayiuM HWKorfla we aepun b to. 'jto 
MnporHMBujtiJi KannTann3M» mojkho pectJOpMMpOBajb 
MnpHbiM nyreM. no3T0My HCnbiTbieaji onpeflenfeHHoe 
yflOBnereopeHiie. M b o^jepeflHOM ny6nnHH0M Bticryn- 
neHHH HasHflaTeribHO noflMepKHyn: uPeBoniOMwn He mo- 
JKST noBefiHTb 6e3 npMMeHeHMn opyiKtinB. 

Ho tiHTepHaLtMOHarikiBM - HHTepHauMOHankiaMou. a 
80T KBK KOMaMflaHTe Owflenb peman m peaiaei BH/rpH- 
KySMHCKne 3KOH0MH4ecniie npo5;ieMbi, KOTopwM, KaK 
M3BecTH0, HGT Hucna 

flo cBepweHMH amoBTOpa BaTucTw KySa 6bma oa- 
HOii MS caMbiK 6oraTbix (earn He caMOvi 6arajovi) crpaH 
/laTUHCKoii AwepMKn CaxapHutiTpocTHHK, TaSan, Ko<tie, 
KaKao, 3KcnopTiipyeMbie npewAe ecero b CoeAi^neNHbie 
LUraTbi, npHHOCHfiM n KpynHWM KOMnaH^iRW, h ms/ikhm 
aeMneenaflenbLtaM coriM/jHbiii floxofl. npoeeaehHas 
*naenew Kacrpo HauHOHanMsaunn aewenbHtix yroaMi* 
(flse TpeTH Hx tfiaKTMHecKn KOHCtiMCKoaa/io rocyaapcTBo) 
pe3K0 ki3MeHHna ctiTyaukiio. /powa^HocTb e K0/ixo3ax 
ynana m npoaonxcaer naaarb, KaqecTBO cenbCKOxojWH- 
CTaeHHbixnpoayn'OByxyflLiJiifiocb.CeroAHf flawecaxap 
Ma Ky6e Bbifla>OT no Kapro'jKaM. dOcipoa CBo5oflw» 
(taKTM'HecKH yjKe MHorne roabi wiiaeT na iieHbrw 3MiirpaH- 
Toa. KOTopbix em6 coBceu neaaBHo o0iii4/anbHO nasbi- 
aafiH He HMane caK nf7caH0C» - «»HepBHKMn, Bantora, 
KOTopyio OHH npMCbinaioT poaHWM, noMoraeT nmaPM 

XOTb ItaK-TO CaoaHTb KOHUbl C KOHl^aMM. 

riepayio nonbiTKy KaK-TO ynyijmMTb 3K0HOMM4ecKyK) 
CMTyauHH) Kacrpo npeanpiinnn e 69-m roay. Koraa Kpn- 
3MC, HecwoTpq Ha oneHb meapyio noMOinb CoseTaoro 
Coioaa, cian o'^eBnaHbiw, bw/ia oSbHBJieHa yaapnan 
KaMnaHHB3ac6op lOMiinnMOHOBTOHHcaxapa CTOJihxo 
Ky6a e\u6 nnnoraa 3a cbok) hctophio Heco6iipana, Bo- 
jiee Toro. c caMoro Havana Bbino acho, hto ne xsayaeT 
Tpancnopra ann nepeBoanH caxapHoro tpocthmkh na 
nynnTu nepepa6oTKM. hto MonHocTb caxapHwx saaoaoB 
oiMtUKOM uana, a o6opyaoBaHHe na hmx ycrapena m 



tacTo /lOMaerca... Ho 6tiTea aa ypowaw tbm mc Menee 
Hananacb. (Dwaenb Kacrpo noaa/i reniia/ibHyio Maeo: 
laK xaK BpeMH cacfpbi (y5opKn caxapnoro TpocTHMxa) - 
3T0 oceMb-neTo, to crpaHa Byaer cnpasnaib HoBbiw rofl 
ne B HHsape, a... e Mione, nocne Toro. xaK caxapHbiii 
TpocTHHK co6epyT. 4To6bi ne TCpnTb apeMfl na npasanrt- 
Kn. To eCTh nofleKpeTy KowaHflaHTe 1969 rofl coctobo 
na Ky6e ne H3 aBenaauarn Mecnqee. a m3 BocewHaaua- 

TH. 

Ha py5xy caxapHoro rpocTHMKa SpocM/iw aOyKBajib- 
HOM CMwcne bcio cTpany. PerynppHbie eueaaw coaerc- 
KHx cryaehTOB Ha «i(apTouj((y» - sto epynaa no cpaane- 
HMK3C «ncTopnHecKOM caijjpoiia Ky6bi. /lioflu paSorarn 
no aeeHaauarb i^acoB a aewh c OflHiiM-eflUHCTBeHHbiw 
awKoaHbiM. H He TonbKo CTyaeHTw Ha tpocthhk Spocw- 
nv\ iDKonbHMKoa. neHCHonepOB, SOTbicn^ conaar... Ofl- 
HaKo KaMnaH^n npoaan^nacb - xaw npoearMBSnucb see 
3KOHOMtmecK«e H3HHHaHiin OMflenfi Kacrpo Oh caannji 
see na «cy6i>eKTMBHbie» rpyaHocTH (to ectb na neHHBWM 
napoa) H Ha «o6'beKriiBHbie». na xoropbie Kanyercn 
peryjiflpHO KajKabiM rofl: na sacyxy Mrm aO)Kflii, na ypara- 
Hw M/in HaBoaHeHMs. KaK Syaro or Bcero aroro ne crpa- 
flaeTT04HOTaK*ed)nopMaa, pacnono«e«tian Baeenno- 
CTa MMnnx or KySw... Ho raw noMewy-ro ace cwru m 
napTOMHyio CMcreMy ne BBOflBT .. 

KaMnaHHB sa cSopaecnrH MwrnnOHOB tohh caxapa 
{co6pafiM rae-To ceMbC He6onbiijiiM)TiinM'4Haflnfl noa- 
xoaa l>tiaenn Kacrpo k sKOHowHKe, Aarop ero Snorpa- 
{JjHti Po5epT Kbmpk 3T0 o6i.flCHfleT raK. B aeTCTBe Om- 
ae/ib c yflOBonbcrBMew wrpa/i b conaarMKM. Oh moGMT 
nasbiBaTb ce5n BoennbiM 4enoBeK0M, no^ni aceraa xo- 
awT B c^opMe. c HHCTOJieTOM. rno6m roBOpMTb o a*icnnn- 
ji^ine, nopnaxe . BparOnfle/ifiPaynb, erorepawiisaMe- 
CTKienb b CoBere mvihhctpdb h 14K KoMnapTwu. nacTo 
orae-jaeT sMy: "Cnymaiocb. ToaapMu* BepxoBHbiM rnaa- 
HOK0MaHayK)mn*i!» H aro bsho nacKaer c/iyx cbufle/iio. 
ABconWTHbiii npo0aH a 3KonoMMKe, oh MCxpeHHe chhtb- 
er, iiTo flocraTOHHo npHKajaxb ntoatiM TpyflMTbCB. Ho 
crpana - ne apMHfl, a o5beKTiiBHbie 3X0H0MHHecKne 
aaxoHbt HMtoKHM yxpenneHHew ancunFinHHbi h nopnaKa 
ne nojnOMaemb M CKOiibKO He Hasbieaw c6op ypoxaH 
mBmtbom 33 ypomam, cyrn aena ara ne weHfler. 

OflnaJKabi, HanpMMep, Kacrpo 0aKTHMecKi« orwe- 
HH/i ToeapHO-aeHonHbie OTHoujeHVif! m aame ynpaaflHvin 

MVIHHCrepCTBO (JjMHaHCOB. FlOJlHTaKOHOMHK) 06bflBHnM 

HB KySe ycTapeaujeii Hay*;OM Ho cxopo nonn/iH. 4to 
nocneujunn PIotom. npoc/iaBfinH npuHuisn onopw na 




Maweme, p/Ku, mpocmmjn - ca(ppa ssk XVIIl. XIX. XX . . 



A^vwlla^^lcxo 




IPACHQE KDAECO 



Ha mjKB nonynnpHOcmu 
Kacmpo - nepcoHam nynbrncepuana 'CuuncoHoi". 

co6cTBeHHbie ci4nbi, KacTpoo6i.nBHn. mto Ky6a He6yAeT 
Bonbiue nMnopTHposaTb npofioeonbCTBMe, b MacTHocTw 
pHC. M BOT Ha Ky6e crarvi yAapHbiw nopHflKOM Bbipainn- 
BSTb pHC. PacT&T we oh b ckowem ttnMMare lOro-BocroH- 
Hoii AawM! Ho aapyr onaaa/iocb, 4to pHcoBbie non« rpe- 
6yK)T o^sHb Ooflbiijoro KonMnecTsa eoabi, a ee Ma ocrpo- 
ae flocTaioMHO TonbKo b nepnoa aoMaevi. TaK h hb na- 
KopMMfi KOwaHflaHTe crpany. saro npoMSBOflcreo Kotjae 
H Ta6aKa coKparnjioCb. 

He HaKopMMB Ky6y, CHflenb pemiin eS HanoMTt - 
MonoKOM. Ho KOpOBbi TpaflMunoHHoS flnn Ky6w nopoflw 
- ce6y - flaeajiM oneMb Mano wonoKa MtoBw noBbiCMTb 
yflOMHoCTb. Kacrpo sawnncn (na cawoM nene - nwMHo 
aaHfincn) CKpemMBaHMeM Kopoe ce6y c ronujTMHCKoii h 
xaHaflCKofi noponoS. Bbin saKynneH nfieMSHHOM cttor, no 
Bceii CTpaHe cranii b cpoi<»OM nopBflKe o6opyflDaaTb 
jKiiaoTHOBOfl'^eCKMe tftepMbi. Ho «wMnopTHbie» kopobw b 
TponwjecicoM KriMMaTe He BbUKHBann m no^m bcb nepe- 

aOXJlM. npOCTO MCTOpllfl C HCKaHflSpOBCKHM KOSnOTy- 

pOM.. A TO BOT eiue npoenT. Ky5a ocTpo nywAaeTcs (b 
HHcne rpoMero) b apeaecHHe, M KaK-To (fnflenb KacTpo 
npeAno^wn nocnaTb asaauaTb twcwm KySwHCKHX neco- 
py6oB B Cn6npb - HapySnTb tbm flepeebee An" KySbi. 
SaoflHO H flonrn CoaeTcnoMy Coiosy nacTMHHo noMnsH- 
cupoaaxb. Hapoa ero, Me)KQy npoMWH, ejHHOfiyiuHo noa- 
aepixan. xoth HaeepHnKa Ky6MHL(bi SHanvi, hto kjimmbt b 
Cii6iipM HecKonbKo oTnuHaeTCB ot KapMScKoro. K c^ac- 
Tbo fliifl Ky6nHi4eB M chSmpckhx necoB, npoexT stot hb 
yflanocb ocymecTenTb: CoaeTCHMii C0103 pa3fianMncfl 




KytuHCKuu o6uiecmeennbia mpSHcnopm. 



CeA^ac Ha Ky6e - aocoBbiii nepiiofln. TaK otJjMUH- 
anbHO HaauBaeTCB KySiiHCKan paapyxa. O tom. kbk awr- 
/iflflST ByflHM KyOnHuea, nmiieT, HanpMMcp, a caoeiS khm- 
re (nepeBeaSHHOiii cevi^ac m Ha pyccKwiS B3biK) eewaBman 
B CoeflwHeMHwe LUTaTbi flOMb Ovmena KacTpo Anvina 
"BepHaHflec, KOTopoti wnnocb, MeJUfly npoHHw, ace Me 
nonyMiue, 4eM pnaoBbiM xtHrennM ocrpoaa. Annna pac- 
CKaawBaeT, k3k Tnxeno npwxQflnnocb xhbuhm BwecTe 

HCTbip^M XCeHLUMHSM, y KOTOpblX HC 6blJ10 pOA^^GHUH- 

KOB 3a rpaHMLteii Ha kbptcwkh ohh nonyMarm ase 6aHKn 
crymeHHoro wonoKa b Mectiu, raKCT caxapa. flsa Kycua 
Mbina n nanny cTwpanbHoro nopoiuKa. fla eme naJujoiS 
6bino nonoweHO ABa werpa TKaHM m abb naTyiuiw hmtok 
aroa- 

TKaHb - KSK npasMno. fleuj^aafl AJKyrosan. Koxopan 
ocoSeHHo BwcTpo «ropnT>i Ha fieTBx, Mnorvie m3 hv\x 
BurnflAsnH npocTo o5opBaHuaMvi. noaroMy oanoti v\3 
nepsooMepeAHbix sa/ian oSbflBMnn BBeASHbie hoboA 
ujKonbHOw 0opMbJ KofAa peiiiariki. Kaxoiii oh3 aon:*(Ha 
Bbrrb. OH/ienb CKasan: npoMHoi* m npaicrnHHoB. riosTOMy 

ILIHTb ee HaflO H3 CMHTeTVWeCKOi* TKaHH CHHTeTl1«a B 

sKapKOM M Bna)KHOM TponnneCKOM KjiMMaTB? Kaxercn 
nojiMbiM SpeaoM 3aT0 cnHTeTMita no*<Tn ne unnacb. 
3HaHHT, ee mo>kho 5bino ne rnaflWTb, C/ieaoBaTenbHO, 
pewe BKntoManHCb anetrrpwnecKne yTiorM, cbe^aiomHe 
CTonbuoflparoueHHoroaneiapHiecTBa, KpoweToro, chh- 
TeTMi^ecKafi Tuanb aocTaTOMHo nerKO CTWpaeTcn aaxte a 
xonoflHoiS BOfle - sna^HT, napoa ne tbk ocipo omymaeT 
oTcyrCTBHS ropuMeii 

Ho He ycnenH peiuHTb npo6neMy co ujKOnbHOii cfop- 
MOii, KaK BCTana npo6neMa c o^yabio. Kowanyho nnvi 
aaixe CMHTBTiwecKyio Ky6a, BHemwnn 3aflon*eHHOCTb 
KOTopoiicocTaBnneTOflMHHaAuaTbMHnnHapaoBflorna- 
poB {3T0 6e3 yvfiTa flonroawx o6H3aTenbCTB nepea cipa- 
HaMM ewBLuero CCCP), noitynaTb ne e coctobhhh. Ho 
HMaKCMMO nnAep» m t/t naujSn BbixoA MyTb nil we sen 
Ky6a xofliiT ceMnac a nnacTMaccosbix caHflanerax. Ta- 
Kiie o6bi'4Ho HOcnTHa nrtnwe MJiti HaAeaaiOTAnn Kynani^n. 
ecJiM flHO KaMeHHCToe. HaroTasnuBaioT KyfiHHMbi sth 
nnacTwaccoBwe Ty0nii na nnOHCKHX CTawKax, aaKynjien- 
HbixB 1967 roay. 

C aaeAeKneM pe^K^iua )k6ctkom skohommh o6uje- 
CTBeHHbiii M nwMHbiM TpancnopT (JiaKTHuecKH npenpaTiin 
ttyHKUMOHMpoaaTb. Oahbko nronnM KaK-To Bcfi-TaKn Hyw- 
HO 6bino flo6npaTbCB »a paBoTy. KacTpo oStHBHji. sto 
nacTynkina a3pa BenocMneAoeu. 

Ky6a saKynmia nonMnnnnOHa xHTakicKnx ae/iocM- 
nsAOB. n3roTOBneHHbi)i, KaK roBopwr. no nareHry. koto- 
pwiS KUTaHLiw iiynHnM y aHr/iHHaH nocne BTopoii MHpOBOfl 
BOiiHw, 3tii aenocMneflbi BurnnAf*'' ^yAoamuHWMH mom- 
CTpaMH. onacHbi An« jkhshh, mo, kbk nmueT a caoeH KHHre 
AtWb KacTpo AnnHB ttepnaHAec, o6Hapv)KMnM heaHflaH- 
Hwe sanacbi np04H0CTn; uenwe ceMbH ycawMaaioTCn wa 
BsnocHneAbi, ocHatn^HHue AononHMTenbHbiMn cuASHb- 
HMM, KpOMe Toro, Ha BenoCMneaax nepeaossT aBco/iKiT- 
HO BC6: UJKa(fW. XOnOflMXlbHMKM. cTpoiSMBTepvianbi. . 

Tew apsHGHeM uenwe KsapTajibi ua weKoraa (Jieiiie- 
He6e/)bHoii rasaHCKOii Ha6epexH0ki ManeKOn npeapaTM- 
;iiicb B TpymoSw. Ocbtnanacb luryKaTypKa. npoaanawH 
3iinioT nycThie okhb... 3flecb Hex BOAti, ne pa6oTaeT 
KaMaimaaLtHn. sneKrpvmecTao bkjik}h3K)t nviiisb na hb- 
CKonbKO ^acos b aeHb... 

Teu He Menee b 3tvix aombx »v\byt r\mav\. KaK 
npaaiino. ohh npwexanM b cronMuy HenerantHO, y mux 



■KAPTA' W38-J0 MM 



^ DEKTAEMbli QCIPDI 



ss 




FpuHsa c 'ipuHsuu' 



Her nponiiCKH. KopenHbie raaaHijbi HSSbisaioT mx «nane- 
CTHHqawK* Be'<epOM ohh flo6npaK)TCfl aoMoii no upw- 
luaM: MX oTnaBnueaiOT naypynn w OTcwnawT aomoh. b 
ronoflHbje coBxosu, 3apa53TbiBaiOT on» hs jKHSHb mbm 
npHflBTCR. KoppecnoHfleHT ^pHana «lUniirenb» b or- 
HOM H3 CBOMx penopTajweii oriMcan, wax yxnTpHercB npo- 
KOpMHTb ce6fi H ceoK) cewbio «naretrTviHeM» Xyan. B 
eaKHOii (KoropyK) bc& paeHo He;ib3H »icnofib30BaTb no 
Ha3HaMeHn«3) oh qepwHTnopocfeHKa, Jtopwi W3 Koojanbe- 
ro MHca n con KOTneTti. KOTopbte b HapOfle HaaweaiOT 
«MaK-KacTpOB... nepenpoflafiT no abommoh qene raseiy 
«rpaHMa» - opraH UK He to htoSn KySMHuw ee c 
yane^eHMeM HHTanM, ho lyaneiHyio SyMary mojkho Ky- 
nuTb B cTpane TonbKo 3a flonnapw. Cnaaa Bory. c 93-ro 
rofla KySuHuaw paspeumriH nx nwerb, a ao 3Toro - 
ca»<anM sa HOaaKONHbie eanioTHbie onepaukiii. ^onnapbi 
npHCbinatoT poflHtoiM Ky6MHCK/e 3MnrpaHTbi, WMayiuMe b 
ocHOBHOM 9 CoejuHSHHbix LUiaiax, fla npnB03nT e crpa- 
Hy sanaflHbie rypHcTbi. Ma-aa TypucroB KacTpo BtiHyw- 
fleH 6bifi HecKonbKO ocna6nTb MfleonomHecKHii npecc, ii 
BApyr flbincHmiocb, HanpwMep. 4to hb Ky6e emfi jkhbu 
eennKonenHwe awaaoBbie wysbiKaHTbi. W oh;^ nOMHtiT 
crapbie neCHM. 

^nn OnAS^" Kacrpo ner Huxaxnx coMneHHii )itti3Hb 
Tenepb na Ky6e Kyaa nyMiue, mbm flo peBontonnw. A 4To 
KacaeTCH HBpeweHHbix TpyflHOcrei**, to b mux BHHOsaT 
aMBpiiKaHCKHM MMnepMankOM, paaeaxiMBrnMii CoeeTCKMti 
Coioa VI o6bs<BHBiuiiii 6noKaAy Ky6e npaafla, Ky6a em6 
B 1983 rofly, 3aaonroflo KanananepecTpokiKu, npnanana 

CBOmttHHaHCOB/KlHeCOCTOnTejlbHOCTb, oBbUBHBOTOM. 

4TO He MOMOT nnaTHTb npousHTti no KpeflnT3M. Ho o6 
3T0M KOMaHABHTe ceroflun He BcnoMHHaeT. Oh npoAon- 
waer TBcpAWTb o CMnbHOw rocyAapcTBe - rapawTe cnpa- 
eeAfHBocTvi H nopflAxa, npoKn^HaeT aHapxnio 3ko- 
KOMHHecKoro «Heonii6epanM3Ma», no KaMAOwy nosofly 
H 563 roBOfla sanB/ineT: nMw noHA^M co5cTBeHHbiM 
nyrftM. Mbi ne SyAOM hhkoto «ofiMpoBaTb». 

OflwaKO repnenwe Ky6MHMeB HccwKaeT. fleTOM 94-ro 
roAB B raaane npon3omnM cepbfeSHbie BecnopfiAKM. 5 
aarycTa na ynviubi ctokhuu BbimnM HeAOBonbHbie pfi- 
MOHCTpaHTbi- WeHuiUHbi Ha^aJiM 6tiTb BMTpMHbi aantoT- 
HbixMarasMHOB, MHorvie BbiKpi^KMBann aHTunpaB^Tenb- 
CTBeHHwe noayHfH. BnacTn BbiBenn na yriHuw nepeofls- 

TblX CneilHaaOBUBB M APyWUHHMKOB.fleMOHCTpaHTOB Ha- 

nanH M35MBaTb. Hanaflaaiune 6w(im BOopy*eHbi nariKa- 

Mvt VI )Ke;ie3HbiMM npyTbnMn, B otbbt noneienn KawHW . 

fleMOHcxpaLiwio pa3orHann. napTuwHwe fiponaran- 

AMCTW yAOSfieTBOpfeHHO KOHCTaTHpOBantl. «nonbiTKa 



pa3bitpaTb cueHapuM 6apxaTHObi peBonioUMVi He npo- 
Lurtas. 

Ho KacTpo noHan, 4to HeoSxoflKMo BbinycrnTb nap. 
Oh paspeuMn neranbHyio aMnrpauwK) m3 CTpanbi. Co- 
eAMHgHHbie LUTaibi BBenM KBory na BUAa^y Bbe3AHbix 
BH3: 20 Tbicn^ a rofl. OAnaKO JKe/iaromux oKasanocb 
HSMHoro Sonbiue. vi tceoTa no3)Ke 6bina paciUMpena. 
OcfiHbK) 94-ro roaa KOMaHaaHte noflnncan ASKpeTbi o 
cosAaHMH pbiHKOBflna npoaaww nacTHOt^ cejibCKoxosnti- 

CTBeHHOH npOAVKUMM M npOMTOBapOB, HB KOTOPblX MOX- 
HO 6binO TOprOBBTb nO CBOGOflHblM MBHaM. 3th pWHKH, 

rax Mce, xax v uenKaR HHA^BHAyanbHan rpyAOBan p,eft- 
TenbHocTb, Ha Ky6e to paspeiuanncb. to aanpewanwcb. 
Ky6rtHC":ne anacTn paspeuiMfiM oTKpwTb Taxwe nacTHbie 
pecTopaH-HMKii - Mna/iaaapec*. BnpOHew, paSoTaTb b 
HHxno3Bon»/iocbnniJhHneHaMOAHOHceMbM,aKonMMe- 
CTBO CTonwKOB noHSMy-TO 6bino orpaHMHeno ;iniiJb Tpe- 

B ntoBoM oiy^ae bc6 3to wano 4to M3MeHnno, 3to 
nmub "annn b Mope. HpaBAa, na KySe ocJiiimianbHO 
saperMCTpMposaHO HecKoribKO cot MHOcrpSHHbix {fcup*^ m 
coBMecTHbix npeA"P^^fTHH, ho no-hacTOBineMy KpynHWx 
cpeAn Hux npaifTHuecKn hbt CoeAnHenHbie UlTaTw - b 
OTSBT Ha ocao6o>naenHo *MaeneM Kacrpo nonyropa 
Tbicn^ noniiT3a«niOHeHHbix - nouinn Dsa roaa Hasaa Ha 
HeKOTOpoe CMflnjBHue canKynfl npoTviB KyCw, ho hc na <*■*. 
OTMOHy. C flpyoS CTopoHbi. m Kacrpo noxa cepbeano mb 
BHnn npMSHBy noGbiBaeuiero na Ky6e e nnBape 98-ro 
roAa rnasbi xaTonH^ecKOM uepKSH HoaHHa-nas/ia Bto- 
poro: aKy6a aorm^^ oTxpuTbcR Mupy. a MMp aotdk^h 
oTKpwTbCB Ky6e». 

Kacrpo no-npe)KMeMy nio6nT BCTaannTb b cbokj pe^b 
ji03y»rii Twna sPoAnna linn CMepTb'» Ho. npaBAa, «Co- 
mianM3M wriM cMepTb!» b nocneAHee apeMd nponsnocuT 
pewe 3aTo see ■^ame nOBTopweT: wPaSoTa - wauj mae- 
HbiH Aonni. «Mbi flonxHbi onupaTbCn Ha coQcTBeHHWe 
CMribiM. «CnnbHoe rocyaapCTBO - rapaHTaeMCKpaTnn» m 
nBpeMn paSOTaeT na Kac!». 

HeMano KyGktHuea. cnbtma 3to. LuenoroMAo6aBrR- 
ror «Ha Hac!» - Mwen b anfly connaHbii* aoapacr Kacrpo 
{en/y - 76 jieT), HacroHtnero npeeMMWKa y boxw^ Ky6MH- 
o*.Qvi peaortouKM hbt. BpaT Paynb - abho He fiHflep, Aa 
H B03pacT yjKe He tot CwHOBeiS dMaitCHMo jiHfleps to 
npoflBMran. to CHMMan nx c nocroa 3a HecnocoSHocTb . . 

Ha cyAeBHOM npouecce nocne neyflaHHoro nanaAe- 
HH(t Ha KaaapMbi Mo»KaA3 mo/ioaow KacTpo cxasar b 
CBOfiM 3aKJiKm»iTe/ibH0M cnoBs: «HcTopnH mchu onpaa- 
AaeTl» noxo>«(e, mto oh oiiih6ch, 

«HeMeuMafl eonnan 



W4W Karta org 



51 



BeiTM KOPTMHA, 
Pocn API EC 



4 



iPACHDE KOJIECD 



KOMAHAAHTCKME AOHKM 



y AnwHW <t>epHaHflec « Aneiiflbi resapbi o6inee 
npoiunoe. D6e pooi^ b np»iBHnen<ipoBaHHOM paMone 
raBSHbi HysBo Be^iaao. o6e eocnbiTbiBaniiCb e Ayxe 
KOMMyH^icTMnecKHx tiaei^ A/ikine tfcnoriHiinocb/iBarofla, 
KorAa ee otcm Owae/ib aaxBanin enacTb b crpaHe. Aneft- 
fls SbiJio mecTb nei, Kor^a ee oma y5nnM b Bont^swi. 
AiiMHa, KOTOpoii ceM4ac41 ma, xopoiuo noMHwrraiiH- 
cTBeHHwe HouHbie noneneHHa ititijienn b mx aoms, 36- 
neTHflfl Aneiiaa, naoSopOT, c rpyaoM ecnoMUHaei re 
MmoBeHvin, KOTopbie oHa npoaena c otuom Aneiuia . kbk 
ki Me. Mjy^ana Msami^Hy m ceMnac w/eei b Mvipauape, 
cTonMHHOM KsapTane aiinnoMaTOB n rocyAapcTasHUbix 
cnyvKaujtix. A/ikina, 6bmuJaFi MaHeKeHiijHija »i aBTOp khvi- 
m «AniiHa. aocnoMHHanun wnTewHOM flo^epn (DHflerin 

KaCTpOn, )KMBeTB O/lHOKOUHaTHOM KBapnipe MblO-itOpKC- 

KOro narwHCKoro KsapTana KyuHa Ho paccTOBHue — He 
eAk^HCTBeHHoe, hto pasfle/iner hx. HenoKoneSuMac , xpa- 
HHiiian BephoCTb peBOJitou^OHHbiM npMHUMnau Anei^a 
He noKH/iaeT poflwHy, KOropan neijeTCB o HeiS oiyacTH 
6jiarOAapn ee aHaueHMToii 0aMHnMH. A/imhb jks, paay- 
BepkiBiuHCb n B OTue. ii b QacHnx o xOMpae. rpii roAa 
Hasa^ TaiiHo auexana ^3 cTpaHw. HeiiaiiHo o6e ziajiH 
HHTepsbio )KypHany «nnrm 3h acnanbons. Becefla c 
AneiiflOM npoujxia e Me^wiyHapoflHOM npecc-ueMTpe Fa- 
BaHbi noc/ie nponeaypw crpoxaiiiueH npoaepKn n oflo5- 
peHMH CO cTopoHw t(y6MHCKoro npasnTejihCTBa Gcrpe^a 
c AnMHOi^ Qbrna 6onae HsnpMHyxuieHHOH — i oahom ks 
pecTOpaHOB MaHxarreHa 3a pkimikoi^ KpacHOro BHHa. 

— i}np uHoaux eaui omeu — neseHda. A <3nn eac? 
Anewfla. «JlnfMeHfiOH. KaKHfl;in/iK)6oroKyEnHMa. 

He nerCHfla, Oh — nnHH0CTb, flocTOMnafl yBaweHiia. 
o-^CHb cneMM<t>mHa», uenbHan. ero TpyAHO cpaBHUTt. c 
KeM-nv\6o. Ho oh wmboh "jenoseK, m MweHHo 3to c6nii)Ka- 
er ero c HaMM» 

AriHHa: «Boo6Lije-T0, nercKabi □KaKoii-nH6ojiM'4HO- 
CTM co3flaioT nioflM. A Oiiweni) KacTpo caw cnowMn cboki 
coScTBeHHyw jiereH^y — c nosimiiji afeconioTMOM anac- 

TH» 

— Bb( paccKasbiaaeme csojm ^o'vepflM o6 m da- 
dywKG'' 

Aneilifla: «Mom aeaoHKH o^eHb xorenn oti nocwaeTb 
y AeAyujKH h3 ko/ibhhx, nocJiyujarb cKasKii R oGbfiCHnio 

MM, no^ewy sto MSBoa- 
uowHo, paccKasbiBaio o 
Hew TO, '^To paccKasbiBa- 
nuMHe roBOpm, 4T0, xoTfl 
fleayiuKa wwe CHaMM, ohh 
MOryr moBHTb ero. M n 
ao6Mnacb Toro. mto ohh 
ero nio6nTB. 

AjiMHa: oOto mchkct 
noKaaaTbcncTpaHHWM.HO 
*MaeJib HHKOr/ia hb 5hin 
TBMoPi paaroeopoB b na- 
lueH ceMbe. Mon RCMh co- 
BepiueHHOHe rponenneT 
;iw5onbiTCTsa no arOMy 





Aneuda Feeapa 



— Ecmb DiodL. dnn 
KomopbixCudenbu'-le — 
He zepou. a nne6eu c 
oSaapewHWMu Kpoebio 
pyHBMu. Hmo obi dyuae- 
me o6 smoM? 

AneMfla: «MeHn 3to 
eecnQKOHT.fleiiCTBiflTenb- 
Ho,OHeHb6ecnoKOMT 3™ 
ntoflM He 3HaiOT hx no-Ma- 
CTOflLueMyii 

ArnH3 «MepTBbie 
OTBeTflT 33 Hac Te, kto 
BMBcre c fleTbMM naxo- 

flMJicn na TOHyiuHx Kopa6rmx, M ace Te, kto, nbiTascb 
cnacTHCb. 6bin CT>efleH aKynaMM. M mh/whoh Ky6nHMeB. 
)KMsyuj;4X cef^^ac b nsmaHMitn. 

— CpasHume ceaodnauiniOKi Ky6y c Ky6ou do peeo- 
niouuu 1959 soda. 

Ajiei^/ia- «HnKaKoro cpaBweHMB CeMuac Ha Ky6© 
HBT 6eflHwx. flo noSe^bi peeoniomiH, Kpowe Mano^MC- 
neHHOiii KyMKH eorai^eii, see wwnw a KpanHBii HniueTe». 

AnHHB' «Ky6a paspyiueHS MOpanbHo h uaTepkianb- 
HO, CeroflHfl Mapoa HH4ero He HMeeT. B 1959 roay Ky6a 
3aHHMa/ia BTOpoe mccto cpeflH CTpaH JlarHHCKOii Amc- 
pHKH CeiiHac flajKe He cymecTByeT cTaTHCTiiKH o aoxo- 
aax Ha/iyujy HacereHHfl». 

— 4mo eb) dyHaenie o6 auQapso. eaedeHHOM Co- 
eduHenHbiMu UimamaMu e ornHoujeiiuu Ky6bi? 

Aneiifla: i-HwHero APyoro ot hhx nerbss 6bino 
a)4<tiAaTb.. H 

A/iHHa: oJlKSflM AyMarai, hto swGapro aeiicTByeT, 
3to He TBK. Ky6nHC«an SMnrpauHn BCBMecKifl noAflepxH- 
BSBT CBoii HapQA lA ec/m Sbi nocernTe Ky6y b KanecTBe 
TypMCTa. Bb) 6yAeTe HweTb Bce». 

— KaK ebi dyuaeme. ^mo npouioudem, Koada Ou- 
dena Kacmpo we cma»ern'> 

AreiiAa "PaayMeeTcn, Mbi 6yj]eM cneAOaaTb ero 
HAeflM, npOAOJiMMM ero Aeno. viHa^e Bce 3to HM'^ero He 

CTOMTM 

ApHKa. I'PeBO/iKJuufi flasno ywepra. To, mto mw 
vitAset* ceH'^ac, uyMMfl peaonKiMMMn 

KoMueHmepUL} no noaody omuoecKux saeeiuaHuQ. 

AneiiAa: afl Aywaio, b Hatueii CTpaHe ywe mhofo 
nioAe^. noxowHx na Moero OTija, HecTHwx, nopHfiCWHbix. 
MyxtecTaeKHbix. noTouy ^to ubi BOcnHTbiaaeM naiuMx 
Aeiei^ u wonoAe>Kb MueHHo na ero npMuepe». 

A/iMHa' uflo CHX nop KaK OTeij oh mhc HMnero ne 
ociaBMJi Oh B WH3HI1 Hbmero HHKorAa mms ne Aan, nosTo- 
My He Aywam. hto oh ocraBin mhb 4to-iim5o, KorAa 
yMpsT. A Hapofl no/iy^MT b HacneflCTso oHenb MHrepec- 
nyio 3aAaM/: snoBb HayMHTbcn nio6»Tb fipyr flpyra m 
peKOHCrpyi^poaaTt) crrpaHys. 

riepeBOA c McnaHCKOro: Onbra Hynposa 

irCoeepujeHHO ceKpemnoa. 1998 z . N92 



'KAPTA' W3S-40 2004 



^ D&NTAEMbIN DCIPDB 



SI 



awn MAPTHH 

KYEUHCKME XEHLUMHbl M KPMSkIC 



Kapwaaa nporyjiMBaeicfl aqonb Ma/ieKOHa (snaMe- 
HHTan rasaHCKas HaSepewHan) a opaHJKeaux ryctJUBx Ha 
BbicoK^^x Ka6nyKax. Ee cy5TnnBHyKi ctinrypy oSTBrMsaeT 
nnaTbe m3 cnamieKca uaera ii3ne«TpnK». KynanoK ynM- 
paercfl b npMSbiBHo BbicraBneHHoe 6eflpo, KapviAaa 
BHHMaTe/ibHO Ka6nioflaeT aa npoeswaioiuMMii bbto, mr- 
HopMpyn 40-neTHwe "<l!opflbc». «4eBk4». «Bofl)KM», non- 
3yiuMe Ha aaKar m nepenofiHeHHwe eayiUMMvi c paSoTw 
niOAbMti, Ee MHTepecytoT Sonee MCBue MauiMHw. re. 
KOTopwe aeayr TypucroB, 

Kapwaafl 6epeT c wiMenTa 20-30 $ - aro eonbLue, 
MBM cpeflnflfl aapnnara Ha Ky6e 3a neibipe MecHua. C 
MOMBHTa pacnafla CCCP noTpeSHOCTb a aMeDn>iancKHX 
flonnapaxcHrbHO Bbipocna. a bot cnoco6oB 3apa5oTaTb 
BantoTy o'^eHb HewHoro. HeyflUBmenbHo, mto na Ky6e 
npoMBeTaeTceKC-5M3nec. «TenepbHanaHenbMAyTfleTii, 
- roBopwT KapHflafi, -flesHOHXH 11, 12, 13neT». flo4Ke 
KapMflSfl- Bocewb, eii caMOii - 33. Hcwtii ace ee wiiieH- 
Tbi - HHOCTpaHUbi. aHHorAa nprniuwHbie, ho naiue acero 

-CBMHbHD. 

Kapunafl oneHb ncoaep)KaTenbHo» xapaKTepwsyeT 
't><AaBnti KacTpo «3tot cyKHH cwn flonweH 6wTt. b riopb- 
MB. OH npHHHHa HaiiJMx 6efl» 

n cnpaujHBaK) i:>6 auepk^xaHCKOM 3M6apro. OHa 
CMeeicn: n3M5apro - eflMHCTBeHHao Bemt, coxpaHnw- 
man euy )K^3Hb>> 

npocTHTyuMR 6biCTpo pacnpoCTpaHiieTCfl no Ky6e c 
TCx cawwx nop. ksk npaBMre/ibCTBo oTKpbinoaBepb mho- 
CTpaKHwM viHsecTOpaM K TypwcraM b Hanane 90-x. 3to 
paccMarpHBaeTCB nax nyrb cnacewHR 3«ohomhkh noc/ie 
pacna/ia CCCP m yrpaxbi jibroTHwx roproBbix corname- 

HMM 

B rasaHe oHCHb nacTo BcrpsHaiOTCR Monoatie 
jKeHiuMMbi. Hflymwe nofl pywy c HHocTpamjaMM, hsm soa- 
pacT paaa b ^aa npeBbJiuaer mx co6cTBeHHbii4. rinnxcbi 
npeapaniniicb b 6opflenM. 1/VEB-caiflTbi pennaMnpyioT 
flocTOMHCTBa Ky6iihCKiix npocTMiyroK: Monoflbie, upacM- 
Bue, aeuieBbie. 



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'Inglatena" e ueumpe raeantti 



3uu MapmuH lAmy Martin) - >KypHaiiiicmxB-<t)punaHixp ui 
WuKoeo. cnei4ua/iU3up/»owa»CB us npoSneiiiax HamuHCKou 
AuepUKu 



KapHflaa HecKo- 
;ibKo pas nona^ana a 
Tioptwy. bH He noHH- 
MaiO, 33 '4T0 MeHH 3a- 
6MpaiOT. - wa/iyeTCfl 
OHB - 3to Moe re/io, 

MTO X(Wy C HUM. TO M 

flenato*. 

ysepeHHOCTb 8 
TOM,4TOKy6iiHCKMefle- 
syiUKM VI xeniuiAHbi ne 
cTpaaawT BeMepuHcc- 
K^M» 3a6oneBaHMnwM 
- TO»e OAMH H3 nniocoB 

anBHMocTpaHMeB. Stotmmc}) ocHoean Hao6n3aienbH0M 
xuin Ky6MHLieB TecriipoeaHiiM hb BeneptmeCKkie 3a6one- 
BaHMB H neneHMM a cnyMae wx BbinBreHMH. «CaHaTopnn» 
HaxoflnTcn aa Koniweii* npoBoronoii m oxpaMHioTCH. a 
5onhHb)e fiorwHW flOKasaxb 4T0 Syayr 6onee apasSop- 

■JMBbDJBCBflSnX, eCJlHUXBbinyCTOT. BnpOMBM.HanepBblX 

nopax MX Bce pasHo KOHTponwpyroT, h anpaao na cboSo- 
fly» OHH noryMaT ropa3AO noame 

MMeHHO 3a CMST ymsMneHUfi npae ^enoeeKa Ky6a 
floCTHrna 5onee hmskmx noKasaTenew CMepTHOcm or 
Cnnfla. UBM B nio6ofl npyrow crpaH© no/iyiiiapMfl. Ho 
cornacHoMaptcy Boi^CMKy, npotjjeccopy npaaaBMMKar- 
CKOM topnflM4ecKOM yMHBepcuTeTe A«oHa Mapman/ia n 
sKcnepTy no CflMfly, nonnTMka MsonHiiMii waeena mho- 
tux Ky5HHueB M MHOCTpaHHbix rocreii hb Mbicnb. hto ohh 
u Hx cexcyanbHwe napTHepw woryr He aanmuaTb ce6fl 
OT CnM^a. «3t3 nonnTMKa HMCna HenpuflTHbie nocnefl- 

CTBUn.-rOBOpMTBoitCMK. -niOJ]l1AyMaiOT, 4T03ailWLHe- 

Hbi, « He HcnofibsyiOT npesepaaTiiBbia, 

nocKO/ihky Ky6a DTKpbina fpawumbi anti TypMCtoe, 
TaKBH SecnesHOCTb cTaHosHTcn ace 5onee onacnoS, 
ocD6eHHoanfi Tfix, KTo saHHMaeTCH ceKc-6ii3HecoH, Boti- 
CMK HeaHaeTHUKaKHxcneiAnanbHwx recTiipOBaHnii unw 
npofpaMMnpeflOTBpaiweHHnCnUfla ann npocTmyroK. 
^ope'^b Kapuflafl pasaennioT ceroa«n MMorvie Ky- 
SuHijbi no oTHOiueHmo k «y6nHCK0M peaontoMHM Mw 
npMBbiKJiM cnwiuaTb ronoca npoTwa Kacrpo ot npaBux - 
laKHx, KaK flJKeccw XenMc wnvi raKitx aKTHBMcroB anTit- 
nacTpoBCKoto flamneHH!!, ksk Xopxe Mac KaHoca. no us 

OT TBKHX weHlUMH, KBK KapHflafl, BCfi HSMSHlinOCb Ha 

Ky5e. <OHcepB3Topbi n KOMMyHHCTbi - Te «e cawbie 
nioflH. PeBonioMMFi npeepaTHnacb b y^pewfleH^e Cohh- 
anM3M BbicraBfieH na npOAawy. ho MMBTb coScTBeHHWii 
5M3Hec- no-npewHSMy - an- HenocnyiuaHnn. 

«Bce TPVAHO 3Aecb» 

y CoHH ne xBaTaeT cmi hh na xaKOn npoTecT. 8ce 
OHnyxoAfTHa noMCKM npoimTaHMH. 

nSflecb ace TpyAHO» Owa noBTOpneT sTy 4)pa3y, 
KaK MahTpy, nwrancb oSbBCHm-b sanyraHHyto n nesctJ- 
tJjenTHBHyto sKOHOMMxy KySw. Cohs 51 rofl, ona b passo- 
ae ywe MHoro net, SespafcTHan. >KMBeT a Ma;ieHbKC3ii 
TeMHOM KBapTMpe B CeHTpO A6aH3, OflHOM M3 HBMSoJiee 
SeAHbix paiioHOB ropO£3 



WW* Varta oig 



5B 



^ KPACHOE KDAECD 




'CocedKB, Ubinbueu He sbipy^uwb?" 



To, 4T0 ee aoM eine He pa3Bannnca, mojkho o6tnc- 

HWTb TO/lbKO 4yflOM. V\oa paKOBMHO^ CTOHT KOBIUMK Ha 

cny^aH. ecnn aaKanasT boas. Totobut Conn TonbKo e 
oaHOU ^3 Tpex HueiOLuiixcn ropuiKoa, MTo6bi SKOHOMHTb 
uacnoixnti wapKM. Ec/in ropiUKM MeHnrb. uacna np^er- 
CH nwTb 6ofibme FIo^hth HMwero He BbiQpacwBaeTCd. 
KapTO{t)enb cbeflaeicn, aawe ecnti MsrKMii: crapwe 
6/TbinKM M3-nofl maMnyHfl ciaHOBnTcn eMitocTSMM aha 
xpSHeHHn wyxtt ^ caxapa 

B noTpenaHHOiii npoflyiaoBOM napTOMKe Cohm - pwc. 
6o6bi, x/ie6, pacTvnenbHoe wacno m necKOnbKo apyrHx 
npoflyKTOB. MflpeAnonaraeTCn. ito sToro xeaTViT hs Me- 
c«u, - roBopHT ona, - ho xBaiaer MancMMyw h8 aae 
He/ienM». Mwno, ni^ua. (O^e, Moioii4ne cpeflCTBa v\ 3y6- 
Hflfl nacra cocraBnnioT ae^'^U'"'''. we noaenaiomMiicsi b 
nyhKTax OTosapMBaHMn b TeneHtie MHomx wecnuea. 

OeoLUM. MHco n MHorMB apyr^e npoayKTb) Boo6me 
HeiOCTynMbi Hepes KapTOMnyio CMCTewy, HTo6bi hx nony- 
HMTb, H/WHO MflTM Ha pWHOK, ffle O^eHh BblCOKMe ueHbi. 
Mnif e ea/iKiTHbie MarasHHbi - ho 3tot Bap»iaHT He ppf 
nee. «fl He HueKi poflCTBeHMMKoaaa rpaHniteM, npHCbma- 
KmjMX flonnapbi, tbk hto aoriTKHS cnpaannTbCR cawaa. - 

rOBOpUT COHB. 

B Te^eHHB flecBTHneTMfl SKOHOMiiKa Ky6bi cyScw- 
flupoaanacb Boctohhoh Esponoii i^ CCCP, KOTOpbie 
noKynanM xySMHCKiie Toaapu, b ochobhom caxap. no 
ueHaM Bbiiue pbiHoiHwx B 1989 r. MMnopT m CCCP 
cocTaenn/i 5,5 Mnpfl. flonjiapOB. K 1991 r. oh yMenb- 
LUkincn ao 1 ujipa, 

Ky5MHCKoe npaBHTenbCTBO OTKasa/iocb nasBatb 
Ui4Ct>pbi, HO SKcnepTW nonaraioT, hto sa nepno/t (^ 1989 



flo 1993rofla aanoaoii HautioHaJibHuiinpoayKTOCTpoBa 
coKpariincn Ha 40-50% Ky6nH«Mi^3KcnopTBl993 ro^y 
cocTaBun to/ibko 80% or axcnopTa 1989 r. l^Mnopr 
coKpaTMJicfl npHMepHO na cTonbKo Me. 

B nanane 90-x b oT^annHOM nonwTKe BsecTM TBep- 
AyK} aariKiTy e paspyiueHHyK) sKOhoutiKy KacTpo 6bir 
BUHyjKQeH paspeiuMTb HHocTpaHHwe nHBecTimtiM, Oa- 
HBKo TypHCTM^ecKnii 6n3Hec ocHOBuBancji na aofinape, 
a KySuHUbi HDp^ki^ecKki ue kiMenM npasa nontsoBSTbcn 
aanioTOM. EcrecTBeHMO, nosiBHriMCb aae napannentHbie 
3K0HOMWKH: OA^a -flnn nySuHueB, sneco, apyran-ana 
TypMCTOB. B ao/i^apax. 3Ta ctiCTeMa pesepa^pOBa/ia 
Toaapbi BbicoKoro KaMecTBaand MHOcrpaHLiee. Ky6v^Hu,bi 
Me OKasanMCb eTopopa^pRAHbiMM rpaxviaHauM b co6- 
CTseHHOii CTpaHB. TaK KaK rocyaapCTay c TpyaoM yaasa- 
jiocb o6ecne'^k^Tb aawe ocHOBHbie noTpe6HocTM Hacene- 
HMo.neroaOBaHnepocno. a noanojibHaflaKOHOWMttanpo- 
UBerana. HaKOneg a 1993 rofly 6bino nerannsoeaHo 
xo«aeHiie aonnapa Ha Ky6e. 

3to He nonoJKuno kombm cyinecTBoaaHWio Aeyx sko- 
HOMMK, oaHaKocaenano hx aaaHMOsaaMCHMbiMM, KyGiiH- 
L(bi pasABf^^niicb na aBa Knacca: MMeioiuMx m ne ^Meio- 
mux aonnapbi Te. kto HMen B03Mo>KHocTb nonyviarb 
MesaxoHHbie aewewHbie nepeBoaw or poacTBeHHUKoe bo 
OnopHae, oKBja/iiicb cocTonrenbHbiMH nioabMH. b to 
apBMfi KaK npeflaMHwe peBomomiOMepbi noryManii 6ec- 
nonesHbieneco KpHSHCHapacran/leTOM 1994 r . Koraa 
nocne aeMOHcrpamiM npoxecTa npaBHTentCTBO 5bmo 
BWHyxaeHo OTMeHHTb orpaHMHeHMH hb Bbiesfl. 6o/iee 20 
TbiCB'* rpa»(aaH KHuynHCb k noaKaM m nnoraw, moCw 
noKHHyTb CTpa«y, 

OctntjkiafibHbifi Kypc oSwena - 23 neco 3a aonnap, 
Serena - Bpa>^, oHa sapaearwaaeT 300 neco a wecoM. 
MTo c^MTaeTCfl xopouiMM 3apa6oTKOM 3to - 1 3 AO/ina- 
poB. EaiM OHa KynMT b rocyaapCTBeHHOM warastiHe 
KocTiOM AfiH paSoTw, ro noTpaiHT bckj sapnnaTy viniA 
6onee. napa Tpycoa - okoiio 10 % Be sapnnarw OanH 
Kapanaam - 3 % . 3to 3KBMBajieHTH0 1 25 ao^napaw Af n 
awepMitaHua, 3apa6aTbiBaiOLuero 50 Tbicnn aon;iapoB b 
roa. M npM 3T0M Serena MarepManbHO o5ecreHeHa ny^- 
Lue. MeM GonbiuMHcrao xy6MHL4eB. ee sapnnara b aaa 
pa3a npeBbiLuaer cpeanKiio no crpaNe. 

3KOH0MM4BCKHii KPM3MC, O^a KOTOpOFO npaBHTenb- 
CTBO npHaywa/lO 3B<t>eMl13M «oco6biii nepMOflw. paapy- 
mHrenen ne ronbKo wa HHawBHflyanbHOM. ho m o6LUGHa- 
UktonanbHOM ypoBne. Mnortie auepHKaKUbi c 3aBiicTbK) 
B3npaf\vi HByHHsepcanbHoe, sbicoKOKaHeciBeHHoe. 6ec- 






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PRGDflCTCS ALWmBIlS 

tETA-unncri mo comnrnt 

LM iXXWMBflO » BenOCACCN 




npodyxrvoaan khu/kkb hb coMt>io u3 4-x iBfooew. 
3a ZOO utmnenoK - 3 pasa. pbi6a - omcymcmeyem no 2 pQua a xedenio na ^noesxa 



NAPTA- M3e-aO 100* 



^ DbNTAEMbll 8CTP0B 



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roeopsm. ymo KyGunHii acezda secenbi .. 



PeeoinoiAua peuiuna »u"i.LUHbiu aonpoc 



nnaTHoe meavtuUHCKoe oScnyxcMBaHiie Ha Ky6e He^^arib- 
Ho. '^To M OHO SbicTpo flerpaAnpysT. BwflenneTcn He^o- 
ciaTOMHoe KO/iMHecTBo jieKapcTB n MeflMKaweHTOB. Ky- 
6nHUw BtiHyjKAeHt't ncnoribSOBaTb n6naT» m bsatkh. mto- 
6b.i nonyMMTb KaiecieeHHoe ueAnmiHCKoe o6cny)KHBa- 
Hwe, flnn MHomx 3to HanoMUHaer Bpewewa BarwcTbi. 
Korfla TonbKO 6oraTbie Hwenn B03MO>KH0CTb ne^HibCB 
HecoMHeHHo, MTD aMepitKaHCKoe 3M6aprD Macnm- 

HO BHMOSaTO B ^TOi^ CHTyaUKH, OC06eHHO B OTCyrCTBHM 

nsKapcTB KySa HaxoflHTCB Bcero b 90 Mwriflx or cawoiS 
SoraroM crpaHbi uupa vi He lAweei HMxaKoii noMOmH. 
EcTecTBeHHue roprosbie napinepbi Ky6bi b KapH6cK0M 
fiacceAne, LlenTpanbHoti m KDnchom AMepi^Ke ne cmbiot 
nepe^MTb CUJA vi TO*e hc noaaepMHaaoT toproBJiio 

CHcreMa zapaaooxpanSHfa »e TonbKo pyiuviTCf! 
MSHyrpw, MO M McnbiTWBaeTflononHHTe/ibHbie neperpya- 
KM OT napyiueHMfi o5menai4HOHanbHo(i WH^pacrpyKTy- 
pw ManpviMep, BcnbiLUKki iKenyAOHHO-KbiiiiesHbixKHitieK- 
UMOHHwx 3a5oneBaHHM 5wnn BuseaHbi HapyiueHHBMH b 
o6pa6oTKe nMTbeBOii aoabi M3-3a nepe6oeB a s/ieiapo- 
3HepfMW. «H 6w Mn 33 4T0 He nomna ceroflHa b Bonbhrniy, 
-roBopuroaHaiKeHmMKa. -Ohm HeuoryraaweMHCTpy- 
MeHTbi oSpaSoTBTb OK cneflyeT. Bbitifleiub M3 6onbHn- 
Ubi. »iMeH 6Qnbuie aado/iesaHn^, hcm ao neneHviHH. 

3KOHOMHHecKiiii KPVI3HC yrpowBeT noflOpeaTb m Ha- 
UMOHanbHyto CHcreMy o6pa30BaH^R. 3a npoujeflmne 
roflbi yHnaepcMTeTbi KySbi BbinyCTHjii* SonbLuoe Konnne- 
CTBo BWCOKOKaMecTBeHHwx npo(tiecciioMa;ioB. Ky6nHc- 
Kiie iKeHL^MHbi nocne peBOniounn nony^nnn ao3Mo«- 
HOCTb Y»vrtbCfi ^ cTanM AOKTopaMti, npo4)eccopaMM, 
nHxewepaMVi h yMeHbiMw b SecnpeueaeHTubix Konime- 
craax. 

Ho ann HHX hct paSoHnx mbct ceroflMH S Hosbix 
ycnoBHflx BocTpeSoaaHbi TonbKO paQoTHMKM cct3epbi o6- 
cny)(WBaHnn w ynwi^Hbie noTOMHUKW. HHwenepbi Boani 
TascM, npenoflaBBTenM huctht rocTMHHHneie Tyanerw. 
MHome Monoflbis xceHLi^HHbi CTpeunTCfi nofryuMTb mbcto 
THfla. aAMMMUCTpaxopa h/ih cxpumviam*.^: na arux pa6o- 
Tax wQ)KHO paccMMTUBaTb Hssaeebie. BraKoA c^TYautm 
n>oAHMMeBbiroflMononyMaTbo6pa30BaHne, Sa^^eMy^nTb- 
cn HecKonbKO /ler na Bpa^a, ec/iH ootom npHflercfi pa6o- 
TaTb B nnoxMx yc/ioBMRx 3a Ma;^eHbKy>o aapnnaTy? 

KySrtHCKoe npaBMTenbCTBO ae/iaeT craatty hb ly- 
p»i3M. HO AOMa B rasane He na mto peMOHTHpoaarb m 
pecxaapHpoBaTb. ApxnTenropbi scero Mwpa acrpeBOJKe- 
Hw nna'^eaHbiM cocjTonHneM MHorMx McropMHeciatx h 
KynbTypHbix naMnTHUKOB. OAnano 6ecnOKOMCTBo Bbi3bi- 
aaer H flpyroii acnefi aroii npo6neMbi, y>Ke He sctsth- 



necKHw HanpwMep, Aoifrop 3cTena a pasaoAe HecKOJib- 
Koner, HOBbiHy)KAeHa)KMTbCMy>KeM.noTOMyMTOHiiDHa. 
HiiOHHeMueiOTapyroroMkifibfl 3T3ctiTyauMFicTaHOBm- 
cn Bce Sojiee n Sonee oSbWHoiS, 

HexaaTKa *vinbB yCHneHa b noc/ieAHne roAfai npH- 
TOKOM iiMMtirp3HT0B M3 npoBMHUM^. B TeHeHMS 30 net 
peBoniouHn npaBHTenbtrray yAasanocb npenoTspamaTb 
B03HHKHOBeHiieTpyino6BOKpyrropoAOB HoTSnepbAeHb- 
fH TypucTOB ewMaHneaioT nioaeft m ceribCKOii wecTHOC- 
TM B raBBHe TecHOTa ywe omymaercfl. h ace 6onbiijee 
•HMcno moACM hb Moryr HaiiTH pa6oTy. aBce npocrnTyndi 
- m cenbCKMx paf^OHOB. - wanyercfl oahb weHiUHHa, - 
OHH npoflaiOT ce6fi 3a Aonnap Mnn cTaxaH4iiK Mopomewo- 
roil. 

noxo)Ke, xyStiHCKoe npaevTeribCTBo He MOKei rcho 
cttiopMyn^pOBaTb cbokd 3K0Hou^>4ecKy)o noj^HTkixy Ha 
6yayiuee w pyKOBOACTByercn CKopee ne npHHUHnaMM 
comna/iii3Ma, a np^HUMnaMH BbixMBannn. [\ei\CTBti{Tenh- 
Ho. TpyAHo ceSe npeACTaeMTb, KaK Ky6a CMorna fiw 
ocraTbCB couHa/iMCTM'^ecKiiiM rocyAapcraoM 6e3 noMO- 
lyn CCCP. 

KpOMB TOro, coBepmeHMO ne oSnsarenbHO, hto 
Ky6HHqM M oco6eHHo Ky6MHCKbie NceHutHKbi BbmrpaiOT ot 
oTMBKbi 3M6apro. OnuT MHOrtix cTpan Kap^OcKOro 6ac- 
ceiiHa noKaauBaeT, '^to op^eHTkipoBaHHafi hb rypMcm- 
MecKMii 6v(3Hec sKOHOUbiKa cosasbt psM TonbKo a^ft ly- 
pMCTOB B TO BpeMn «ax a L^eHipe PaaaHbi crponTcs 
HOBbie OTenn. ne BWflenBeTcn Huxannx cpeflcra a"" 
CTpobiTenbCTBa vtnH peMOHTa aomob caM^x Ky6ktHueB. 
yaenkmeHtie Kon»i>4ecTBa kiHOcrpaHuea HenocpeacTBen- 
HO CBnsano v> c pocroM npocT«Tynnii, Cet(C-6MJHec cxan 
OAHKM v\3 maBHbix co6/ia3HOB AJin noceLiiaK)iUMx Ky6y 
rypucTOB Ky6nHCKite AesoHKM m jKCKiuHHbi — tt»yHAaMenT 

HOBOA Ky6l1HC>IOM SKOHOMMKkl 

OhABJIHCTKH M/IM (t)eMMHI1CTKH? 

dpocTviTyuiin M aMepkiKancKK^ ceKc-rypiiaM QbiJiM 
6orbLiJOM npo&JieuOM vi b 50-x, npti peivtiMe Banicrbi. Ho 
Kor^a B 1959 r « enacTH npiiiiien Kacrpo, (DeflepauMd 

Ky6HHCKHX IttBHiAHH (FMC) MSMeHWXia CHTyaUMK). OCHO- 

B3B peaBiuiHTaunoHHbie uempw. oSecneHiiB paCoTy m 
o&yAeHiAe pjin MeninMM Ha ceroAHOiiiHW^ /lenb cipana 
CAenaj^a KaK 6bi nonnbi^ xpyr. xota Pmt3 riepeApa, ^neH 
npaaneMMfl OeAepauiw KyCMHcxHx xeHLiiMH. cMiiraeT, 
>^TD CMTyauHM B KOpHe paarMMHu. Cviaa a yAo6HOM o^im- 
ce lurafia FMC. oahom vi3 HeMHomx xopoiuo coxpaHMB- 
ujuxcfl SAaHWii raaaHw, nepetipa yrsepiKAaeT, htq b 
OTnuwHB OT 50-x npocTHTyTKM 90-x sannMaioTCB cbomm 



■■WW ttana org 



61 



^ XPACHDE KDilECO 




"KaK Mamb. •- eooopio. - u kbh maHiMUMa...' (A. Forun} 



'C aonocawu U3 wepHOSO luenita. 



peMecnOM hb aur TOro, '4To6bi BbixiiTb, a ann Toro. 
HTo6bi npocTo iHMTb nymjje, noxa b cTpaHe 3KOH0M»iHec- 

Km KptlSHC. ripM 3T0M OCHOBHblB BOnpOCbl OCTSIOTCn 6e3 

OTBCTa: KaKOBbi KopH^ 3Toro Kp^3Hca M i^TO HyMHO cae- 
naTb Anf ero ycTpaHe»Mn? Uri* >4iiHoeHMKOB, raKkix ksk 
nepeitpa, otbct npocr: npkiHtiHa Kptistica - 3M6apro. 
AHa/ibia Ha 3tou ia saKaHMMBaercn. Oe^iepau^n CKOpee 
cneayer jihhmh napTwH, yeM aam^tuaeT iiwrepecbi meH- 

UJMH. 

OflHaKO B nocneflHee speun FMS weHneT npusbiH- 
Hyu Meno;iMio, nbiTancb i^aMSHHTb MHeHHS o ce6e KaK 06 
«orjioTe cropoHHHKOBCoxp3HeHvinpe!KHMa». nepefipa 
roeopuT nnanax OeAepauMH no M3y4eHnio Maciinnn 
npOTMB SKeHiuMM. (CynpyjKeCKOB 3noynOTpe6neHne pac- 
TBT B TS'^eHkte Bcero sKOHOMM'^ecKoro cnafla). Ho TonbKO 
wayneHvin MajiosaTo, l^To5bl BepKytb floeepMe. HanpH- 
Mep. Mapuau^a. 40-rieTHFici odpaaoeaHHan >KeH[i|iiHa. 
c^MTasT. iJTO OeflepaMMfi lynpaanneTcn rpynnoii nore- 
pnaiUHx coeecTb rpecrynHMKoeu. TaKoe MHeni^e &bino 
6bi HeBoSMOHCHbiM B nepBbie ra^bi peaoniOLtMH. FMC 
Hrpana SHS^vuenbu^n ponb e KaunaHMM rpaMOTHocm 
1961 roAa. KOTOpan nouorna aaKHTb )KeHiutiHaM Mecra b 
npaanTenbCTae m na nponsaoflCTBe. OHa ctJiopwHpoaana 
nporpeccMBKbiii CeweMMbiii koackc 8 1 975 r. Ho HecMOT- 
pn Ha 371^ aocntxenvw, Oe/iepauvin Bceraa npoBOA^na 
npasMTenbCTBeHHyK) ronnTMicy ia 6bma eat^HCTseHHOiii 
AOSBOJieHHOi^ xceHCKOii opraH^aauiieK Ha Ky6e. B saimio- 
HBHMe MowHo cKBsaTb, HTD jiH/iepbi FMS - B nepByio 
04epeiib iJinflenncTKM, m ro/ibno nocne 3Toro dJewHHMC- 
TKVi, ecn^ aoo6Li4eTaKOBbiuH najiniOTcn. 

ycTSHOBKa HB eA^HCTBO MHeHHki c napTvievi, bo3- 
MO)KHo. caMoe 6orbLuoe npensTCTSMe ann paapemeHvin 
rTpo6neM na Ky6e. JlK>6ao KpHTHMecKaa Mwcnb nnn aon- 
pocnpocTOMeflonycKaeTCBicny6nnMM0My oScy^tflBHrno. 
XoTfl pesonwuHn m npe;iacTaeMna MeHiuMHaM buSop 
n/TH, npoiniA 3tot nyrb mojkho tbm we TpaflMUMOHHbiM. 
narpkiapxaribHbiM cnocaQoM. ApryMeHTu sa rpyflOBoe 
33KOHonaTenbCTBO. APV>KecTBeHHoe weHiiiMHe. cctop- 
Myn^poBaHbi a TepuktHax 3auiMTbi HauMOHanbHoro a^- 
TonpoMSBOACTsa. 7KeHuiviH3M no3Bonnnii npMCoeAH- 
HKTbcn K «npoH3eoAi^TenbHbiM ciinaM« bhb aoua m... 
npo»irHOptipoBa;iM ut^nn^oHbi ^acoa pa6oTbi no o.OMf. 



yxofly 3a peSeHKOM ia o6u4yio OTBercTBeHHocrb 3a ce- 
Mbio, KOTopyto no-npejuHewy Hccyr weHLunHbi. Dony^ja- 
eTCn, HTO npaBHTejibCTBo oAHoapeMeHHO npeAOcraakino 
>KeHmMH3M 6onee nojiMoe rpaitcAaHCTBO m Hapymvino 
npasa Me;ioBeKa. 

ManoBepoflTHo, 4to laxoe ABOMCTeeMHoe OTHome- 
HMe npocTQ HeflOpasyMeHwe 

CHa^snanapT;ii^Mbie/iMAapb<npM3Hanki npasa >KeH- 
ihhh: Hy>KHa Sbina flonofiHHTenbHasi pa50Man cM/ia, hto- 
5bt crpoMTb counanncTii4ecKoe rocyAapcrao, Ho ohh 
TaKM(e M 6oflnMCb stoA mobow CMjibi, Beo,b t^euiiHiisM 
TOJKe peBoriouMOHeH no cym PeiueHMe? flailiTe wenujH- 
MaM HeKOTopbie CBo60Abi (3ApaBooxpaHeHHe. penpo- 
AyKTHBuan CB05ofla, o6pa30BaHiie). ho yflocTosepbTech, 
<HTo sA^HCTBeHHan ao/iHyioutafl mx peeoriouMR - 3td 
peaontou^fl bo maBe c ffiMAeneM . 

0acaA CBo6oAbi 

Ky6iiHCKMe ^KSHUiuHb' SonbLue roBOpriT 06 o6luvix 
npoeneMax Ka Ky6e, 4eM cboux coBcTeeHHux, jkshc- 
KHx. nMb) HecBo6oAHbiu, - roBOpMT BeaTpMC. B ee Ma- 
nsMbKOM AOMMKB B AspeBHB, roToan CKpOMHuii o6eA m3 
p»ica H 6o6aB aha ce6fl. Mywa m mypMHa. ona nepe^MC- 
nner tb cboSoam, KOTopbix ohm nMiueHbi OHa v ee Myx 
He MMeioT cBoei^ aeM/iii. ohm pa6oT3K)T Kaxuibii^ ACHb, 
Bbipau^iriBan to. ^to TpeSyer ot hmx npaeHTefibCTBO. Ohm 
OTuaHMHo HywflaiOTCH b Aonnapax, ho He Moryr npofla- 
BaTb nnoAbi caoero Tpyga, eciiK ne nonpoctiT cneutianb- 
HO H he sannaTHT Ha/ior, KOTopuH cnHiUKOM Benm ann 
HMx. BearpMc xoTena 6w nyreiuecTBOBaTb, ho ne CMO)«eT 
noKHHyn. Ky6y 6e3 npHrnaiueHMn ot HHOCTpanneB, h 
Aaxe eoiH npHmaujeHMe h enner na cawoneT y Hee 
6yAyT. OHa coMneeaeTcn, -^to eii paapeiuaT yexaTb Hyw- 

HO SblTb OCTOpOJKHOi* C COCeAAMM: KTO-TO MOKBT COOB- 

uibiTb non»iL|MH, MTO OHa KptiTViKyer npaaiiTeJ^bCTBo, ki 
TorAa 3T0 rpojHt TiopbMofi, BeaTpnc npeAynpennna 

CBOO AeBnTHfieTHWIO aOHb. v^TOSbl OHB He nOBTOpHHa a 

ujKone Te Bapocnwe pasroBOpti b flOMe, Koropbie Moryr 
6b>rb pacMeneHbi KaK KpHTitxa. 

Ky6nHUbf perynnpKO Bbi6npaK3T npeACTaaHreneii a 
npaBMTenbcreeHHbie coepaHHa. ho MHorvie nonaraiOT. 
iJTO 3T0 tjjapc. «MecTHbi6 ijneHw napTnii npwxoAnT k 
cTVMaT B aaujy asepb, - roaopuT flwtaHer, 44-/ieTHHH 



-KAPTA' W 38-40 20D4 



^ DbNIAEMbll OCTPOI 



II 




Ha nepeoMaOcKoiJ dauoHcmpanuu 



"Si, sonicri' 



yMnrenbHMua, - ohh hb ocraBflT aac b noKoe. noKa sw He 
nporonocyeTe». 

Ha BbiSopax 1998 roaa rpaxtASHS rojiocoeanM 
Henocpe/iCTBeHKo aa nnenoB HaijbtoHanbHora co6paH;in 
BnepBbie. HEaMHCTBeHHannpo6neMa.-o6b(lCHReT^)Ka- 
HeI. - 6biji3 B TOM. i^TO MMenocb CTO/ibKO we KaHflH/ia- 
TOB, CKOJibKO n MeCTH. ("HMifTO He MOF nponrpait, - 
roBOpHT OHa c capAOHH^ecKOii /nbifiKOit. - Ohm Bce QbinH 
noaoBpaHbt CBepKy», OcK0p5nTenbHOCTb BbiSopoe noa- 
^epKHBanacb HOSbiM apkhm rnnKueBbiu njiaKaroM 
HBbi6opbi 1998 - orpoMHan no6eAa Hapo/)a!». 

rny6oKHM HapoAHbiiii limhi^3u oTHoci^TenbHonpoMC- 
xojsHiyero HMKoraa He oBcywAancn b cpeacTsax Macco- 
BOM MH4)opMauMn M3-33 TOTajibHoro M 6e3»(anocTHoro 
npaBMTenbCTBeHHoro KOHTponn, MewayHapoflHas Am- 
HbicTun 3a4)MKCMpoBa/ia npecrieAOBan^ft )KypHaniicTOB 
Ha Kv6e HeKOTopbie »3 hvik HaxoAnTCfi b saimKmeHhiM 
HUM B ccbi/iKs. uHorHs noABeprnkicb 0lfl\w^eaiOM^ naui- 
/iMio BcepeflnHe90-XHecKoni>KO)KeHiUMHC(})opMnpoBa- 
/iM opraHHsauHK) MMagins (o6pa3 h HHien^eKT). FMC, ne 
npM3Haioinan Hw«aKOii opraMiiaauMH, Kpowe coBcTBen- 
HOii, nocoo6meHnio<^eMMHnCTOK oMaginn, npeAnncana 
pasofHaTb MX rpynny 1^3 170 HenofleK. 

06eii;aHiifl npoiujioro 

^eScTBHTefibHOCTb KawsTcn eiye 6ecnpocBeTHeiS b 
CBere Toro. ^to uorna 6bi AarbpeBomou^n. Jia v\ ^aaana 
Ha nepsbjx nopax. Ituen^cb bbckmb nptiHHHbJ, HTo6bi 
BepnTb B nee, CMCreMa aapaBooxpaMeHinfl, HanpHMep. 
pa;tMKanbHO ynymuMra xt^sHb Ky^MHCKnx KeHiitMH Cmmt 
M Daayjia nmuyr, hto «HOBafl cucieMa sflpaBooxpaHe- 
HMd 6bina H3bi6onee ycneioHbiM HoeoBBsneHMeM tcySuH- 
CKoii peBO;iK>miM» HerontKO noTOMy. 4to weniyHHbi mm>' 
ceMb»i nonynann Ka'necTBeHHOe weAiiunHCKoe o6cny)K^i- 
aaHMe, ho laKwe noTOMy, 4to "b ana^nTenbHOM creneHH 
ueaMLjiiHa 6t^/ia yKOMnneprroBaHa KenqMHaMM -Bpa>4a- 
MM. MeflcecrpaMM, yHeMbiwii, lOpucTaiiiii, aoncHTepa- 
MM». }KeHLiiKHbi nonbsoBanbtcb raiOKe n npeuMyiiiecTea- 
MK 6ecnnaTHoro oBpaaoBaHMs YpoaeHb rpaMOTHocTM 
Ha Ky6e - caMwii BbicoKm s flarviHCKOM AuepuKe. una- 
Aen^ecKan CMeprnocTb - cauan HMaKan. xqta 3kohomh- 
4ecKMM npM3Mc yxB yxyflujiin 3tm flocTM^neHUH . Bbin floc- 
THFHyT BwcoKMii ypoBeHb B oSecneneHWM flopofloaoro m 
nocnepoaoBoro ueay^ntuHcuoro oQcnyxMaaHMn. Oaho- 
BpeMGHHO Cw/iM floCTynMbi 6e3onacHbie m Hefloporwe 
a6opTbi {oKono 40 % eepeweHHOCTeii HaHUHan c 1970 
r.). noBbicHnacbrpaMOTHOCTbno BOfipocaw noJia. Ma- 



Tep^M-oAHHOHKaM noMoraioT coAep>KaTb ceubio. Peao- 
nioLiMfl npeoflojiena qaaHMe coqkia/ibHbie npeApaccyA- 
KM. nfl MS cuHTaio 6onbiiie, «to oSBsarenbHO AormtHa 
MMBTb My>Ka. - rosopMT oflHa meHiuHHa. - (t)aKTvmecKM 
K'He oflKOfl MaTepnanbHo jkhtt. nerven PacusM no otho- 
LueHMio K cexc-MeKbujHHCTBaM see eme cyiuecreyeT, ho 
MMeeT y>Ke ks npewn^ie ysaKOHeHHbie vi caHKuMOHMpo- 
saiHHbie npaBHTenbCTBOM <t)opMbi, ksk ao peBontom^M. 
YcTpaHeHbi aaKDHbi, npecneAyiomMe sa roMoceKcya- 
riHSM. xoTB B TpBAHunOHHO rerepoceKcyajibHOM oSuje- 
CTse roMO(t)o5iifl - Sontiuaq npo6neMa. 

Ho ceroAHH Ky6nHCKne weHiunHbi »<yBCTByM)T ycta- 
nocTb OT npoMASHHoro nyrM, xota std Henpocro noHBTb 
He-Ky6MHuaM. >KeHii|tiHbrBcexcfioeBo6mecTBaf08opnT 
OAHO M TO we: «FT eepH/ia e peaojiioM^Ki, pa5oTana Ann 
nee, xtepTBOsana Bcew. H atip nero? Hto6w BtiTb b 
pa6cTBe y AOnnapa? 4MCTHTb 6othmkh MHocTpaHHwx 
SMSHecweHOB? 6naroAapnTb hx sa 20 Aonjiapoa, koto- 
pbie OHM luBbipnioT naiu sa Mcnonb30BaHi4e Haiuero xena 
AUB pa3BneMemiii?B 

Bo MHorux crpanax nioaii uuhmhho OTHOcnTCfl k 
CBOVIU noniATvi'^ecKMM Ae^iTe/^nu. anoTcn hb hax wih 
npeswpaioT, ho ohm xoto 6bi He oxmasiotot H^xcrHiuKou 
MHoro c caMoro tta^ana. Hapon Ky6bi eep^in b O^AeJin. 
BbiTb o6MaHyTbiM HM - anantiT 6biTb oSManyrbtM OTLIOM, 
B03nK)6neHHbiM, 6oroH. 

Ky5i4HCKM^ Kpbi3Kc -> GonbLue. ueu npocTo aKOHOMti- 
MeCKiiA Kpk13i1C. 

Bo3MO«HO, pOA^Tcn 4To-ro noaMTusMoe m3 ceroA- 
HHujHeii HiimeTw. RocKonbKy na ocrpoBe cronKnynHCb 
coubia/iM3M u Kan^TanHSM, KySMHiibi CMoryi cosAaTb ^to- 
TOHOBoe. K0M6nHMpyB KayecTBaToro MApyoro. HoroKa 
ncHO OAHO JneHiuHHaM Kyfiti AocraeTcncaMoe nnoxoe m 
OT coL|Maii(43Ma. vi OT KanHTanmaMa. h ohm ne viuetoT 

BOSMOWMOCTM M3WeHMTb CMTyaUMKI 

no3yHrpeBonioLjMH«CouHann3MMnMCMepTb>> -na 
BbmMHflBmeM nnaKaTs phaom c rpyAOii lmcShh, KOTOpan 
KOTAa-TO 6bina aomom flee fleeoiKH norM6nM bo chb, 
KOraa AOM pyxnyn. PeaoniomiB OTnieTMpa cbokj 40-neT- 
Hioio roAOBLUMHy a 1 989 r. , m ct3hobiitc«i o^eeMAHl>lM. ^^to 
no6ewA3eT ne coLjHanHSM, 3 BTopoe. 

HMBHa nioAeti. yxasaHHMx s crarbe, HSMeHeHU 
B uennx hx eeaonacHocm. 

1999 a 
nepesoa c anrnHMCKOro: t^pMna XonworopcKan 



■WW k»u oto 



12 



^ KPACIIE KOAECD 



HAUI HEJIOBEK B TABAHE 



C OnbroH EpeMHHOH, ixeHOM soeHHoro 
nepeeoAHMKa, ]KHBiueii Ha Ky6e c 1979 no 
1982 rofl, 6eceAyeT Cepreu PoMaHOB 

- ... B 1973 rofly s nocTynmia Ha aaoMMoe OTACne- 
HHe (opuuMMecKoro ttaKynbieia /leHHHrpaaotoro ywH- 
eepcHTeTa. 8 3tom xe may n nosHaKOMH/iacb co cbomu 
Q^nyuiMM MyweM. Oh e 3to speun y^H/icn b Boshhom 
HHCTHTyre MHHucTepCTBa oGopOHbi hb OaKynbieie eo- 
eHHbix nepeaoA^HKOB. B 1977-m mu noiKeHwiiicb. h n 
nepeexa/ia n3 PnsaHH k neMy 8 MocKsy. Asa roaa mw c 
HMM MClfnbl B MOCKBe, y^HniiCb H 5-H Kypc 3aKOHm4nM 
OAHOBpeMeHHO. 

M EOT B 1 979 roay - Mbi ywe flMnnoMw noJlyl^nnn - 
OHKaK-Topa3npb4xoA^TAOMOMii roBopHT:«npeAnaraiOT 
B KOMaHAHpoeity wa Tpn rofla Tpynna "TpocTHMit'. Ha 
Ky6y, HoeAeM?* Hy, KOHeHHO. noeflew! 3to 6biJio tbk 
HeoGbi^HO, poMaHTHHHO. P-pas, M npnwo na KyOyI Ka- 
pn6cKoe MOpe, 6ap6¥floc, «Ky6a,nKi6oBbMOB...» ripaa- 
fla. crporo-Hacrporo 6bino npttKasaHo HMKouy He pac- 
cKasbiBSTb, KyAS Mbi eaeu, saieM... 

- Maxe omuy c uamepbto? 

-fla, MM Toxe, Citaaanii. noita. flo orbeiaa, HvwoMy- 
HMKOMy! H eiue cuaianH - HaMHHaiiTe coBMpaTbCfl. a 
CMucne. Hafloco6paTbMyBe3TMcco6oMBce, 4TOHy«no 
AHH ;kh3hh ceMbH Ha rpii roaa. Bee AOMaiuHee xosnii- 
CTBo: KacrpionH, ynorvi, maeviHbie MauiHHKii, cmpajib- 
Hbiii nopotuoK. Bo6meM-Bce. 

- M xonoduPbHUK? 

- HeT, 3T0 - Her. A bot oaejufly , o5ysb - 3to aa. Mw. 
KOHe^Ho. GbiriM yAMBneHbi. B Mockbc b to BpeMFi He/ib3n 
CKajaTb, HTo6bi )K*i3Hb 6bina OTeHt. y* ujHitapHan, ho Ka<- 
To caMo co6oM paayuenocb, mto Bce npoaaercR 6e3 
KapToneK H HttKaKMX >KyTHMX OHepeACM 3a npeaMeraMki 
nepaOM HeoSxoflUMOCTM hbt. A naM cKa3an»i: h Muno, m 
3y6HOii nopoujOK, h neKapcrsa -Sepnie ace! Bce, Met* 
MOTiiTe o6ecne^MTb ce6f) ann HOpManbHoA NctiSHu, aaKy- 
nawre vi Be3»iTe c co6oi* H bot a 6erana no waraswHaM 
H noKyna/ia. ne cooSpawan, sero cuoJibKO hbm noTpeOy- 
eTCfl Ha TpM rofla Bnepea. 

M BOT n 6era/ia, noKynana, naKoaana h npM 3tom 
HMKQMy hh-hm! Bc8 3to npHAaBano c6opaM hckkh ottb- 

HOK TaMHCTBeHHOCTM. A nOTOM Uyxy, nOCXOJIbKy MU )KHnM 

B MocKBe, BbiJio nopyMBHo KynMTb OiineTbi na caMOneT 
Annsceti rpynnu. 

Hac Bcex ornpaenaoinitxcn BbiabiaanH e nornTOT- 
aen, BceK iKeH, h hmcK) b BMAy. Gece/iOBani<i, xaK mw 
Aon>KHbi aecTM ce6n3apy6e}KOM,KaKBbJC0KOHecTMTaM 
3BaHMe coBeTCKoro ne/ioBeKa... ToBoptinii, mto b Taime 
noes/iKU oT6HpaioT ny^uiMx m3 ryuiuMx, ijto hsm BceM 
OKasaHOTaKoe Aoeepiie, TaKoe AOBeptie... v ^fTo^w Mbi 
MB nocpaMtuiH... H see TSKoe nponee. 

My)KbR y Hac rdhtm y Bcex fiunn neMTenaHTaMti. a 
Mbt, MeHu, - HeHTo Bpo;ie SecnnaTHoro k hmm nptmowe- 
HMF1. KcraTM, Bce MyjKVMHbi exann b rp^^KAaHCxoii oasm- 
ae. OctHu^anbHO ohm MHcnM/iMCb cneuManMcraMM no 
caxapHOMy TpocTHHuy (bot no^eMy rpynna ■Tpocthmk») 
v\ HanpaBfiRnMCb «c uenbio oKasaHMo TexMH^eocoM noMO- 
ujH)t.3To6bino.NOHeHHo. cueujHo, HOTeMHe ueneeaTo 
Cbuio TaK, H Mbi HMcntiJiMCb no STOii nereHAe. 



npuneM caMoe HHTepecHoe, 4to n ao chx nop ne 
3Haio, npoxoflMriM m no 3Toi4 nerenAe mm, xeHu, xaK 
<l)vi3MHecKMe nMua. HoKa neTeriM, Be3ae. no bcsm AOKy- 
MeHTaM ^McnMncn My>K. Ha uecTe ToiKe sesAe oc|}i«l41i- 
anbHO 6bin My)K: n b Maraskine (tsm KapTc^Han cMCTeMa), 
MB6ki6nvioTeKe, MBMeAnyHtae-aeaAB. HacKaKSuMne 
cyuiecTBoaano. 

XoAMn TaKOM cnyx, uto tsm. tab Myw flonscSH 6b(n 
cnyiKm'b, CHa'^ana npeAno/iaranoCb qaenaTb ace no 
BbicmeMy paspstay a Omtobom cmmcjib m hto 0(t>»iL4epbi 
AonjKMbi 6binM eaA^Tb a xoMaHAMpoBKM 6e3 ceMeti. Tax, 
BO BCBKOM cnynae, npeAnararocb npviHMuatomebi cropo- 
HOM. Ho HauiM noAyManM-noAyuanM m peuik^nM, i4to c 
wenaMbi- HaABMCHee, xoth, kohbhho, m nMUJHMe xnonoTbi 
M pacxoAbi. 

BbJiBTenM H3 UJepeMBTbeBO 19 oitTn6pn, JlSTy - 
i^acoB CBMHaAuaTb. B KanaAe. b TaHABpe, mw OHym- 
jiMCb xaK-TO OMBMb Bwcrpo. npo5binii Bcero uac. e TpaH- 
3nTHOM3ane,., HacHMnyflaHe BwnyCKanH, HOTaMSHyr- 
pH 6bin MaraswH. A e Hew Obino ace-ace - ot iironoK ao 
aBT0Mo6»ineM. VI ran. ace Kpacwao! Taii^e6aHo^KM, xopo- 
60MKH. ynaK0B04KM, HMKTO H3 Hac, KOneMHO, HHHero no- 
aofiHoro paw blue he bmabh. 

y Hac BanioTbi He 6bino, Mbi tbk noxoA^nH ckpom- 
HeHbKo, nocuoTpen»i, apoAe kbk sKCKypcMio npoaejiM. Hy 

M, KOHBMHO, CAGfianMAnflCeSn BUBOA. HTOASMCTBtlTeJIb- 

Ho, OKasbiaaeTcn, ecTbTaKan HpacHaan m o6i4nbHaR )Ki43Hb 
M HTO Mbi neniM a vihoh MMp... 

6 MocKBB 6bino AOBonbHO npoxnaAHO, a Koraa Bum- 
nH M3 caMOjiera na Ky6e, OHyTMnncb,,. b Bawe, BepHee, 
B npeACaHHHxe. >KapK0, anaMHo. AbiuiaTh ne^eM. Bce 
cranw xaaTaTb B03ayx, KaK pwCbi, m CwcTpeHbKo pasfle- 
saTbCfl... n/i40c eme napaAOKcw co BpeMeneM. npMxie- 
TB/iH MyTb nH He a to xe apeun, KorAa BuneTenn us 

UoCKBbl. 

A Boxpyr - Aepeabo a poaosbix ijaeTax. naxneT - 
yAytuaiome. FlTnubi lueBeMyr co acex CTopoH. VneTa/iH 
»13 oceHH, a np>i6binM npxMO b Jiero. Mym nomen, sanoji- 
HHn KaKHe-TO AeimapauHH sa ce6n h sa uenn. TyT noA'be- 
xan xnasMKB (Aa, nauj coeercKH^ uaneKbKHH aBT06yc). 
Mac nocaAunH h noaeanu aa 30 KunoMSTpoB ot rasaHbi. 
K MBcry Hamero nasnaMeHMR, b ropoAOK, tab }kmjim co- 
BeTCKMe BoeHHbie cnei4HanMCTbi. 



^' >' ; ■ V- ^ 



Ky6e, nanbMo. dBMBHbi. Onbia. 



■liAPTA* l*38-*0 2004 



^ IbNTAEMbli DCTPOB 



3to Sbtr fleticTBHTenbHO MajieHbUHii ropoAOK, Ofl- 
H03TaN(Hbie 6eTOHHbie /iomhkh, c nnocKMMM KpbiiuaMhi, 
no-^cn3HCKH- <(Kaca», ToecTb «aoMn. Do nep^ueTpy oh 
Sbin o6HeceH MeranJibmecKOH cencoii, a Koe-r^e - Konn- 
Hefi npOBonoKoii. BoKpyr npocTHpanbtcb 6aHaH0Bbie 
nnaHTauHM, ^yrb nooAanb pacnonaranHCb ne6ont,^uoi^ 
ropoflMuiKO H, OTflenbHO, ujKona-HHTepHaT. B HaiueM 
ropoflKe 6bino wecKOfibKO KopoTeHbKMK ynoneK. Haeea- 
HMfl y HMx Heoc}}KLiiianfaKbie. KOHe>4Ho, ASHHbje euie BSO- 
eroAbinepBbiMMnpMexaBLUMMM.gbinHTaKi^e: L4eHTpajib- 
Han, LUKonbKao, BepXHnn h BoHioMKa. 

Kor^a Mbt npvtexanvi. hsc ywe w/iariM coce;iM c 
o6e/ioM TaKan tsm cnowMJiacb Tpa^kiuiiFi — scTpe^aTb 

HOBeHbKblX 06ea0U. riOTOM M Mbl TSK BCTpesariM HOBblX 

coceae^ M3 Cotoaa. /^ommkii 6binM, b SonbrntiHCTBe Cfiy- 
^aee. h3 ;iBe ceMbM. Do KOMHare Ha ceMbio, a Tperbn 
KOWHara-xonn - oSinax. To eCTb KOMMynanbHas CHCie- 
Ma.&wnemeflyiucT3H0MAnflHarpeBaHMnaoAbi,TyaneT 
H xonoA^an BOAa Bannbi ne 6bino. M 6aHH b ropoflHe - 
TO«e. TonbKoayui. 

KpoMe 3Toro, nac cpasy npeAynpeawiM, i^to Boaa 
o^eHb nnoxan Tpy6biCTapbie, pMcasbie. Bcio BOAy o6n- 
sarenbHO naao 5bino KHnwTHTb, 06 3tom, Enpo^eM, hsm 
eiL(e B MocKBe raeopkiriM, <4To6bi Bce HenpeMeHHo b3!ijim 
c co6o^ euKocTM Ann KMnrmeHnn Boab). M eoT ece rpt* 
rop,a Mbl B SonbmoM aeApe CHanana KMnnTHriH eoAy . a y>K 
noTOM H3 HSH BapHOki ki cynu, ii H3(i, h Bce ocTanbHoe. 
npo CBOK) ceubK) H»mero ne uory cKaaarb, y nac 6bino 
BCe B nopnA^e. HO 3Haio niOAeM, KOTopue MyuMnncb c 
noMKaMH. 

H coBercKan kb rasoBan nni^Ta 6e3 Ay^OBKM, Ma/ieHbKan. 
C KyxHHMH B paaHwx aombx 6bi/io no-pasMOMy: y itoro-TO 
DTAenbHO, a y Hac npoMO b xonne Gbiji BuropoxceH raKOii 
saKyroKA/in KyxoHHoro crona m nnHTw, Ctckoii b ounax 

He 6bi;iO. TOrbKO npOTHSOMOCKHTHbie CeTKM M AepSBflH- 

Hbie wajinsH. 

DosTOMy o\i\yiA\en^e 6bino - 6yaTO Ha yriHLie »um- 
Beujb: Bce bmaho, ace cnutuHo h aomi^km rait TecHO< 
TecMOApyrxApyrycTonT. flpaaAa, BOKpyrMHoro3eneHH, 
MHoro AepesbeB, b nacTHOcni, npnuo HanpoTMB Haujen 
«Kacbi», Ha BOHio<HKe - to pe<4yiiiKa uecTHan TaKHaauaa- 
nacb. - pocra MOrynan KOKOCOBan na;ibMa. I'l cocbavi 
HaujH nocjie o6eAa. KorAa noBenn SHaKOM^fTbcn c OHpe- 
CTHOCTHMH. nepBbiMAenoMc6iiTinCHeeAnnHacKOK0C- 
nepBwii b Moeii >kh3hii y mchr 6bino npeACTasneMiie, 
UTo KOKOCOBoe MoroKO - 3to Heuro AencTanTenbHO 6e- 
/loe, Kax MonoKo, a oKaaanocb - npo3paHHafl )KiiAKOCTb. 
c/iaAKOBaTO-npHTopHaH vi. ecnki a rennOM bmac, npocro 
OTBpaTMTenbHan. Onenb mhb He nOHpaakinocb sto hmo- 
jioKo*. npaBAa, ecnn ero oxnaA^Tb, TorAa nony^anocb 
coBCeM Apyroe Aeno! 

ropOAOH 6biri TMnilHHO Ky6»HCKHM. HO C COaeTCKHM 

oxneMaTxoM B ueHjpe acttianbToeafi nnomaqxa, a noce- 
peflMHe poc;io Aepeao riopofly ne SHaw, ho no Bwfly 
noxoMce Ha najiyo6neTeBLuyio nticTeeHH^uy. Bce ee h3- 
aueann e^Koii. Bosne sTofi «enmy> mu crpaBJinnH Ho- 
Bbiti roA 3Aecb Me 6mji jisthmh KHHoreaTp c SeTOHHUMti 
CKaMeeMKauH. HefioAaneKy - lUKona h MeAnynuT, a tbk- 
KeKny6 

Bbuio eiue ABa warasnHa, nySHHCKMfl m pyccKMii. B 
pyccKOM npoABBuaMii pa6oTanH HaujM, HbM-ToxteHbi. A b 
KyStiHCKOM - MecTMbie. uerupe uenoBexa. KonopHTHue 
TaKne /iHiiHocTM. Pa5oTanM ohh raw HCnOKon aeity. Ha- 
BepHoe, c Tex nop. Kax Tonbxo ropOAOK nonBMrcn. ^ ao 
CHX nop noMHK). KaK Kx 3BanH. Oana 6bina nerpkirnHKa - 




Ceudemenbcmeo o npeCbteamiii e aocnumane. 



Kyua, Apyran - noceernee. Kpeonxa - MaaSe/ira. ti ABoe 
MyiKHMH ~ Mpan m Xoce. 

Menn oiHaxOMHriH c nopnA>OM noxynoK. Ha KawAyio 
ceMbio6bina3aBeAeHaKapTOHKa-TopxeTo. MguncBoA 
tiHAMBMAyar<bHbik HOMep. y Hac, nanptiMep, N> 6048. 
HpoAaBUbi Mac aanoM^HariM no HOMepaw. yrpoM aaxo- 
AviuJb, eme ABepb ne saKpuna. a Te6e: «;]o6poe yrpo, 
KOwnaHbepo! » M y^ice nauja Topxero na npMnasKe newkiT. 
1^ BCe, HTo n noxynana, b aiy «TopxeTy» 3anb4CbiBa;iocb. 
Tax n BnepBbie cronKHynacb c xapTOMHOf^ cvicjeuovi. 

fljifl caoero HacenenuB Bce npoAyxrw y hmx 6bmM 
CTporo nMMHTiipoeaHbi. Hac 3T0 Kacanoct /imut b hexo- 
TopoM creneHH. Ha npoayiObJ m roBapbi noBwiueHHoro 
cnpoca KaM 6bi;iH ycraHOBJieHbi HopMbi. HanpMMep, e 
neAenio mowho 6bino KyniiTb 1 na^eK cMrapeT fi cHana- 
jia, no npocTore AyLueBHoii, cxasaiia: «^ He xypio. m MyjK 
y Menn ne kvpmt. HaM He Haao». M BApyr cmotpo, KyKa 
c3AaKHMHanopoM-no-pyccKHl-roBopHT:i(BepM!BepH!» 
fl OTBenaio. ■Her, ne HaA0». A ona: «noTOM npHAoiub, 
npHAeuib-..» AeHCTBMTenbHo.oKaaanocb.HTocMrapeTbi 
— 3TO MecTHan BaniOTa. 3a Bce Obiraabie ycnyrM, Kpan 
nOHHHHTb HfiH etAB HTo, onraTB luna TOJibKo 3T0H «Banio- 
TOtl». 

TaKan xe CHcreMa y hmx 6una m c xoctie. Ky6itHUbi 
;iio6nT OHeHb xpenKHH K0<t>e. II b neAenio 6bino noncHtce- 
HOABe He6onbLut^e na'^enxM na HenoBexa. BKnKman rpyA- 

HWX ABTBH. . fpaUMOB 1 00, a M0>KeT5blTb, H MCHbLUe . pfie 

i4enno(t)3HOBbie ynaxoBKM HcpHoro MorioToro Kocfie' Ce- 
Mbnl43AByx^enoBeK-3HaHHT,^eTblpenaMHM.ncHaMana 
Aywana. nSansM hbm cronbxa Ko^ie? He/wOnio n ero. 
KyAa ero AeBaTb?» Oxasanocb, ^to 3to Toixe KBanxna*. 
xoTopaH «xoAMT» Aawe mcwa/ HaiuHMM. A y Ky6HHueB - 
TBM 6onee. Ohm Taxyio nanxy ^yrb nM He 3a oahh pa3 

BUnMBaiOT. 

M KypnT TaM ohm see noronosHO h HenpepwBHo. c 
AeTcrea. Cnraperbi y hvix, na mom eirnoA, o'^enb xpen- 
KHe. Ho Tait npuHHTO. laxas xynbTypa, m noTowy cMonnr 
BCe. H AfiTVI Toxe. 

Elite JitiMMmpoBaHM GbuiM pMC v cpaco/ib. 3ro y hhx 
ocHOBHwe npOAyxTbi riHTaHMFi. Mo)KHo 6bino xynMTb 1 
KKnorpaMM pnca h 2 KHnorpaMua 0aconii b Mecnu. Bce 
3T0 sanMcweanocb b napTcwuy, m c stum 6bino CTporo. 
Kynnn cboh KMnorpauM h Bce-5onbUje He/ib3Fi. OCTanb- 
Hbie npoAyxTbi Ann nac ebinn 6o/iee-MeH9e cbo6oaho. 

A e pyccKOM Mar33HHe 6binki TOBapbi. xoTopue npn- 
BoaMfiH MOpeM M3 JleHHHrpaAa. DpHMepHo pa^ b Mecnu 
npHX0A»i^ Kopa6iib. Tau ctoajih 63hkm c naiuMMH 3HaMe- 



www hvta vg 



B4 



4t 



iPACHOE mm 



HMTblMH KaM'JaTCKMMM KpaSaMM. BaHOHKS CTOHna He- 

CKOjibKO neco. Bot mx ubi nOKynarM m eoaunH s Cotoa b 
K3*^ecTBe TSKoro ci>eAo6fioro cyaeHMpa: «Kpa6 KSMMaT- 
CKHM - npHser c Ky6bi!» Ctohjim 6aHKM c nepHOii viKpoH - 
6oJibLUMe M ManeHbKMe, KpacHyn n ^Tc>-To He noMHK). 
Croon KOHbflK «ApapaT», ipM seesAO^KH. 3to T0)Ke6b>ina 
«BarK>Ta». UeHbiSbinii BnonHe/yin hbc aocrynHwe 

- A uawa cune-6enaa csyiuenKa? 

- Oh, cryujeHKa! CrymeHKM 6bino Mope. M b HauieH 
ynaKOBKe, m b MecTHOii. EaHKa croHna 20 ceHraBO, to 
ecTb 20 KoneeK. A SaHKa TyujeHKki Hameii coBercxOH. 
roBHWbeii. CTOHJia 40 ceHTaao. 3to Bce 6bi/io a M36biTKe. 
A B HameM uarasMHe eute 6bina cojieHoe cnHBCHHoe 
Macno. Bmahmo, He (xeHb Ha^ennHCb Ha pe^iptiMepaTo- 
pbi M noAcanMBariM. 

fla. n 3a6bina CKaaarb, mo b ropOiiKe mhj^m ceMbH. 
KOTopwe Ha Ky6y nonaflarn hc caMOnerOM, a MOpeM. He 
17HacoB B BOSflyxe, a 17 cyrox naKopaCnnx. Mx MyjiwM- 

HU XOaMPM B(t>OpMe. Hx HBablBailM KBOHCKOBMKaMHH . A 

MOM uyx Bce TpH rOAS npocnyxHn b rpaxcfiaHCKOM. ripae- 
aa. tforaa eepHyj^MCb. euy cAenanH nepepacueT no se- 
liieaoMy ;ioBonbCTBHK> h cronbKo BbUianM nopTRHOK. 
KaiibCQH M Bcero ocranbHoro, 4to n npocTO Me 3Mana, 
KyaaBce STOfleeaTb... 

«BOHCKOBMKOB>> B TOpoAKe 6bino He OMeHb uHoro. y 
HMx 6bin CBOH ropoAOK HsnoAaneKy ot hx MacrrM. Ohs 
Hasbieanacb «.6pMaas>> TaK bot, y hmx KaKHe-ro yMHtiKM 
AoraaanHCb nocrpoMTb nnrMSTawHbie ^oMa. HaiuM oObiK- 
HOBeHHbie coaeTCKHe nanejibMbte nflTH3Ta)KKii. \A 0Hb< 
TBM npocTo norn5anH ot mapbi. OcoSenHO na bwcokmx 
3Ta>Kax TaKoe newio' y nac we 5bino Bnonne chocho, 
enoriHe npoxnaAHO, aepeBbfl 6onbiuMe, xopomo npn- 
KpuBd/iM OT conHua. BpeuH OT BpeweHbt HananbCTBO 
rpoaiinocb m Hac nepeceniiTb e nsfmajawKvt, m see o^eHb 

3TOrO SOVIHCb H B03MyLUanMCb. 

HepeBbRMBennnOHTHHenpepbiBHO. MeycneeTOAHO 
OTuaecTH, Tyr flpyroe pacnycKaeTCn. Kxo MMen cwioh- 
HOCTb K 3n/iepmH, TSM nphixOAMnocb TfnKeno. M HtixanM 
nioAi*, M saAuxanwcii, m nnaxariM. fOiituaT /)nfl Hac. pyc- 
CKHX, xaM, K0He<4HO, TR>KenbiH. Cnasa 6ory, mto b Moeiii 
ceMbe HHKTO 3THW HB CTpaAan, H nosTOMy Ann nac 3to 
6biJio npocTo xpacMBo. Mu KynMni* KHhOKauepy h nuTa- 
riMCb 3TM xpacoTbi sane^aTnesaTb npaefla. nnenKti ror- 
Aa 6binH He oMSHb Ka<iecTeeHHbie, h nBeTonepeaa'^a 
nonynanacb eecbMa ycnoBHan. 

v\ TaK BOT Hauia )KM3Hb h Teicna. pasuepehHO h 
oahoo6d33ho. . . BpeMn ot BpeMeHH. npaaxia, ycrpanBa- 
nvicb3KCKypcMH. Hac BbiB03MnM 6 TaBaHy. B MyaeM peao- 
j)K)i4MM, MyseH KantrraHos-reHepafiOB m eiue KaKOH-ro 
MyseM. Oamh pas CBoawnn TyAa, rue «rpaHMa)>. Ky6MHC- 
xan «ABpopaB. BucaAitna noBCraHuea cPnAenn. 9to Gbino 
OAMH paa. noTOMy 4To ot nac sto onewb AaneKo. Exanu 
L^enbiA A^Hb Oaho xopomo, hto na 3aMe^aTenbHbix 
HkrraAcKkixaBToSycax. KcTaTki, na Ky6e6bi/io UHoroecn- 

KHX MenKMX KMTaWCKMX TOBapOB. 

- 8 aauJBM sopodxe? 

- Her, eoo6me Ha ocrpoee. Ho m k hsm e MarasHH 
OHM Towe nonaAariM. HanpHMep, bcrkmb HrpyiuKM hb 
HoBuii roA. TaKHe saMe^aTenbHbie, Kpaco^Hbie! y nac 
ycTpaMBanM )Kepe6beBKy, MTo6bi 6bino ace no cnpaBBA- 
nviBOCTH. 3tmm aanviManacb cneuHanbHan jiaBOHHan 

KOMtlCCMFI. 

KoMMccHfl sdHMManacb ne TonbKo mmhopthumm to- 
BapauM, 0H3 3aHMManacb bccm. CMCTeMa 6bi/ia seab 
saaosHat) h pacnpeAenm'enbHan. Kofab xopafirb npHxo- 
Offin B raBany, e ^acm QpanM MaiuHny , exaPH vi npMBOSH- 



nw TO, HTo 6bi/io BbiAeneno hbm. Ha stom 3Tane peiuano 
xaKoe-To HeeeAOMoe hbm bucokob Ha<43nbCTBo. y Hac 
Ke CQ6Mpanach naBO^^Han kommccmh, cocroflBUjan b oc- 
HOBHOM [43 MehiuMH. Ohm nOA<MUTblBanM TOBapbl. CKa- 
meu, nocTyntino CMTua - 3 km, Apyroil^ tkbhm KaKOM- 
HM6yAb - 5 KM. xaraTOB cxonbKo-To, Tano^en CTonbKo-To, 
cywoK cTonbKo-To M T.fl. Bce 3to fleniijiocb na KonMne- 
CTBoceMe^. Hac 6bin'o npuMepHO (KorAa 6o/ibuje, norAa 
MeHbiue] 1 20 BbiBemHBancn cnticoK, cKonbKO "^ero m sa 

CKOnbKO MO}KH0 KyRMTb, M HB'^MHailOCb OTOBapHBahMe. 

TaK)KeAe/iHnMCfaM BcnKiieAe4)HLiMTHbienpoAyKTbi 
HanpMMep. naiue Aercxoe nHTantie b Sano'^Kax. naiuii 

COKM. Ho npH 3T0M BCe SHailM, MTO MBHa KOMSHA^pa H 

HBijanbHHxa nonnTOTAena HHKorAa b o^epeAnx He cto- 
flT, HM B KaKHx criMCKax He ^ncfiHTCB, a 6epyT CKonbKO 
jaxoueTCB 9to acex aosMynano, kohsmho, h ropo'-io 
o6cy}KA3nocb Me)KAy co6oii - kbk tbk, AeTeii y hhx hct. a 
OHH... KopoMB roeopn, n3Be4Hbiti pyccKKti sonpoc: aoko- 
ne? 

3Ta Me CMCTeua pacnpocTpannjiacb m na mvinkiiAB, 
H HB 6biTOBbie npHBopw. HanpuMep. KOHA^iUMOHepw. 
ripH TBKoA )Kape OHM 6birM ABneKo He y Bcex. It ncHoe 
Ae/10, y Koro ohm Sbinu. Koraa uu npMexanM, KoneMHo xe 
HaM HHMero He euasnvinu. A aenTiinflTOp. KOTOpwii mu 
npMBBsnti. SyKBaribHO ^epes neABno «OT6poc^n nonac- 
THB.Bbinoy>KaCHO)KapKOt1AyLilHO. k1 BOT MOM Myw, fipKO 
Bb<pa}KeHHbiti ryuaHMTapMiii, na'^afi uacTepiiTb. Bupssaji 
H3 KapTOHB TaKMe orpOMHbje nonacTM, pa3A06bin na 
pa6oTe MOTop^Mi;, coeAMMMn Bce 3to npoaonoHKaMM n, 
naK HH crpaHHo, 3Ta co6paHHafi «Ha KOneHKes unyKa 
japa6oTana m oneHb Aonro oxnawAsna nauiy KOMnaTy. 
DpaBAa, noTOM, Korfla y Hac pOAnncn pe6eHOK h mw 
nepecenbinHCbBApyryKD «Kacy»,TaMBxonne6binM0LA- 
HbiM KMTavicKHM BBHTbinnTop. Mbi MM o6AyBa/iMCb no D^e- 
peAHCcoceAflM^. 

- MeM etii pacnna*iueanucb e Masa3UHe9 

- BesAe- Ky6nHCKMMM neco, Haiun MyjxbB noryna- 
HM 3apn;iaTy b neco. Ho b to xe apeMn nacTb sapruiaTu 
nepec4MTbiBann a He<M BneiunocwnTopra. Bot noneMy 
peKOMeHnoBanMBce8e3Tiicco6oH.'-lTo6biHeTpaTi<Tbcn 
Ha6uTOBbienaKynK>iHKaKMO)KHo6onbLijeHaKonMTb3Tbix 
4eK0B, noTOMy 4TO 3T0 6bir peanbHbiS crmviyji ana 
fipMBne^BHMfl ntoACM. Ho b to ^e Boeun. kbk y BbicouKo- 
ro noeTCn: «C ronOAyxii ne noMpti...u. V\ no3TOMy 6biJi 
ycTBHoaneM o6n3aTenbHbiM MMHHMyw. CeMbu na flayx 
Henosex. nanpHuep, He Morna - ne viuena npasal - b 
Mecnu noTpaTviTb na ;KH3Hb Menbue 1 10 neco. Bonbiue 
- no^KanyiicTa, xoTb acio sapnnaTy. a MBHbiiie - Hejiban. 
3a 3TMM cxieAMriM o^enb crporo. Hbm paccKasuaanM, mto 
6binn cnynaH, Koraa wywbH naAaxiH b o5mopokm, noTOMy 

HTD XeHbl ABHbrH 3K0H0Mnnw. MOXBT 6WTb, 3T0 BblMblC- 

nu Ha'^anbCTBa. a MOwerSbiTb, m npaaAa ^to-to 6bino, 
HO MHHMMyu cyiABCTBOBan, m sa sthm cneA^nn. 

- BoBHHbiu eedb noi\o)tten noen? 

- 3Toro y Hac hb 6bino. Hbm, Haaepnoe, asBanu 
K8KyK>-ro KOMneHcauHK) AeHbraMn. Ho n b 3tmx Aenax 
Mano noHMMaio, 3Haio to>4Ho ToribKO, i^to Ha xten 6bin 
nonojtten onpeAeneMHwii nponenT AonnaTw. M see 3T0 
BXOAHno B sapnnaTy. A naeK, r aHao, BbJAaeanM kboiic- 

KOBMKBMS, TBM, HTO B ({XSpMe XOA^rM. t1 UbI C HMUH 

ycTpawBanM oSmbh. 

y KyCMHues, HanpMMep, coBepujeHHo hct mbhkm, 
MaKspoH. Hy M UHoro '^ero eu^e Heiy. A KaK 6e3 MaHKH, 
ecAH AfiTM B ceMbe? M bot mw noKynanw y ce5n b 
MarasMHe, KaK y nac rosopHnH, «Ha KapTyw ^To-nM6o na 



'KAPTA' Na 38-40 2004 



^ DBlTAEMbll OCTPOI 



U 




SaeerriHbiO 'vef Tlocbinmopia" 

npOMbiujreHHbix tobspob h ycrrpartBariH oSmch Ha uan- 
Ky, MaKapOHbi, rpenKy. Ka«Aan ceMbn crpeMMnacb ycra- 

HOBMTb TaKyK) nOCTOBHHyiO CB03b HH HOHBe BSaitMOBbl- 

roAHoro o6MeHa ToaapaMH h npoAVfaMw. 3to Swno 
cyuiecTBeHHUM MOMeHTOM wk^sHti. 

MHoraa o^eHb xoTenocb nauivix npMBU^Hbix 0pyK- 
TOB H nrOA: nSnoK, rpyuj, Kny5HMKH, Ma/iHHw... Ha Ky5e 
3Toro, ysbi, He5w;io. C TponM4ecKMMii (ppytciaui^. kohbh- 
Ho, 6e3 npo6neM! riojtanyiiCTa, 6aMaHbi, anenbCHHw, 
MaHro. noMKHi, oAHajKObi. a 3T0 yxe Sbi/io Ha stopom 
rofly, MaHro Menn BBerm e 3a5ny»AeHiie, 3axo)Ky yrpoM 
e MarasMH, a TaM orpoMnan ropa Kpymux, KpacHbix 
nnoflOB. y MCHfl cepaue ettHyno: «?l6noKn! 3aBe3Jin!» 
Bpocwnacb x hum, a sto - Manro, , DpaaAa. orpoMMbie, 
Kpao^Bbie. pocKOtUHbie... Korqa cei\^ac b PnaaHM a BH)Ky 
B Mara3HHax waHro. 3to, KoneMHo, noAo6ne Hacron- 
lUMx... A raH 5bina Macca coproB! He Menbrne 6bino h 
aH3H3Coe. BcerAa 6binH e npOAa^Ke orpoMHue rpefin- 
(t>pyTt>icTaxoviKpacHoeaToAMnxoTbio. HacHayMunM.KaK 
Hx npasMnbHo ecTb. Haao o^McriiTb ot Ko^ypw, Hape- 
sarb AOObKaMM, nocbinsTb caxapHtiM necKOM m nocra- 
BMTb a MQpo3n/iKy noryv^aeTcn - BocxHTHienbHo! Ho 
Bce paBHO KOTCJiocb nOnoHxa... 

KcraTM, fl6;iOKn wa Ky6y npMB03Mnii. Kto ms HaiuMX 
6biean a xoHcy/ibCTBe b KacaSnaHxe h b noconbCTBe b 
FaBBHe. paccKa3biBa;iM, hto tbm y hmx n6noKM vt uiy6HH- 
xa 6bi;iH. HoAo nacsTO He aoxoamho... 

A eiiie oueHb exycHoe H3 Ky6e 6bino uopoiKeHoe l^ 
Aemeaoe. MOHeHb6ofibmo^Bbi6opcopT0B. CnHBOMHbie 
nnoM6Mpbi c paantmnbiM^ HSno/iHi4TennwH. M c KOySHH- 
KOH. M c BHanacoM, M c SaHanOM, m c opeiuxaMM, y\ c 
CHponoM. H 6e3 CHpona, m c aacpnfiMM, v\ Koct>eMHoe. V hbc 
TaKoro 8bi6opa ne 6bino TorAa. H laxoki poAHoii Bxyc! He 
HCKJiio^eHo, 1T0 ero aenanu no natuHM TexHonomRM. 
Korfla n nejxana b rocnnTane, tbm oGnsaTeribHo Ha 
flecepT AaaarH MOpojueHoe. npH^jeM xaxyKi eMxocTb 
flaujb, cTontKo ^ HanonKdT. Xopoujo y mix 6bina hanaxie- 
Ha VI pasBOsnan roproenn MOpowenbiu na TaxHx npxo 
pacKpaLueHHbix uarnHHax c MysbiKOii. H k HaM nptieswa- 
/iM. Bflpyr 3aiirpaeT Mysbixa - Mopowenoe npHaesm! 
flcTH SeryT, Bapooiwe ma/t. M b BpHxerax, m b craxaHiH- 
Kax, M Ha pasBBc- no>xanyiiCTat BTaxyio wapy, xax y hux. 
3T0 o^^eHb Ba»HbiM npOAynr nuiaHHfl. Oah" h3 ochobhwx, 

MOIKHO CKa33Tb 

- Ha MopomeHoe Kapmo^Han cuaneua we pacnpo- 
cmpBMSfnacb? 

- Her, HB pacnpocTpannnacb. Ho lyr bot KaKan 
TOHKOCTb B03HM«ana, BceM, KOHeHHO, xorenocb naKO- 

MMTbCfl MOpOXGHbIM KBK MOiKHO 6onblUe. Ho A^lfl 3T0rO 

HaAo Gwno HMerb neawe aeHbrw, MroSbi TpaTMTb hx 
6e30T4eTH0. 



BeAb ^TO 6bi MM HH noKyna/iH, nywHo 5bino cocra- 
BHTb OTHer, 

- He nOHnn. KskoO omwem? 

- Ks)KANH Mecnu KaMuian ceubn cocraBnona ct)M- 
HancoBbiiioTMeTAJinnonHTOTAena. Myxbn 5bini4 oGnsa- 
HWcaaTbOT^eTOTOM.CKOnbxOHHaMTonoTpaMeHOfleHer 
3a HCTeKLUMiii Mecnu. DoaTOMy b uarasMHe Haiun noKynxH 
sanMcweanHCb «Ha TopxeTyw, a mu - najKaa" Mena — 
TO}Ke 3anMcwBanii b cbok) TCTpaAo^Ky . Bbino rpM craTbH: 
«npoAy>nb<». t:npOMb<ujneHHbieTOBapbf»H«npoMk4epac- 
xoAbi». KorAa Hac KyAa-HH6yAb euBoaMnvi, 3to h 6buiM 
KnpOHHe pacxoAbi*. M bot na axCKypcviH Bce anAKT. fro 
Tbi nOKynaeujb unoro MopoxcBHOro, a Myw k roMy we m 
riHBOM ce6n yrocmn. A a OT^ere y Te6fi s 3Toii rpacjje 
CKpoMHocTOMT- 1 ncco. Te6*i, TO scTb My>Ka, xohb^jho, 
cpasy BU3biBaiOT v\ roeopnr: «iB stom Mecnue Bbi asonvi 
HS pacxoAw 110 reco, Taxoro-ro HMcna Bbi Bweswa/m 
Tyaa-To, no^ewy HenpaBnnbMo OTNHTanncb? Orxyaa y 
aac OHiuHHe aenbrn?* 

- A 110 neco hb hbiuu mosdaiuMue pySnu ~ 3mo 

CKOnbKO? 

- riptiMepHD oflHH K oflHOMy. ToHHwii xypc n ne 
noMHio. n He 3Haio. saneM, ho nac rax KOHTponnpoBanM. 
B nptiHUMne. b 110 neco a uecHLi mw yiuiaabiBani<<cb, 
KorAa HBc 6bino ABoe. Ho, pa3yMeeTc», 6bi/io uKoro 
BCBKMx co6na3H08, TO *e Mopowenoe, HanpHMep. XoTe- 
nocbBcenonpo6oBaTb, nynnTb 4to-to HHTepecHoe, anep- 
Bbie yBHAeHHoe. Hy h. KOHeNHO, CTapanncb o6oAtm.,. 

3HaeTe. xorAa na^jHuaiOTcn sanpeTbj. scerAa hbiuh 
J1IOAM naxoAHT nyTvi 3th aanpeTbi o6omtm. HanpHMep, 
yroBaptiBann iiy6HHCKHx npoAasLioB ne oTMenaTb noxyn- 
KM B TopxeTe AeHbnt Tpaxt^mb, a b KapTo^Ke - hkcto. 
nOMHK), B KBKOM H 6bl/ia y)KaCe. KOrAa 3T0 npoHjoLiino B 
nepBUH pa3. HpHiuna, noxynaio, a ona mhb Hnnero ne 
sanncbiaaeT. f^ AyMaio: «KaK xce TaK? KaK me n 6yAy 
oTMHTbtaaTbcJi? 9\ we Aent™ HcrpaTMna. . . » nonnTOTAen 
BCAb B KOHqe Ka)KAoro wecnua CBepnn cyMMy , xoTopyto n 
yKasbisana a otmstb, c tom. mto 6bina b MarasMHHOM 
xapTOHKe. A Tyr M ASHer yme hbt, a b xapTOHxe HMnero ne 
KanncaHo. 

]A Bce Boxpyr rax AenauT, h see AOBOHbHbie xoa^t. 
in HHKTO HH^ero MHe 06 3T0M He rOBOpMT M MS o6i>»CHneT. 
A hto TyT o6\>sichfnb - cxopo n TaK ace cTano hcho, 
Oxasanocb, hto b ropOAxe npoueeTaeT wejiKoe npeA- 
npHHMMaTenbCTBC. HesaxDHHoe. pa3yMeeTCfl. Xoxb Mbi h 
BbiiiH oTropoxeHbi OT BHeiuHero MMpa cbtkom m xonioM- 

KOM, HO HHXaKHX OXp8HHblX nOCTOQ HB Sbl/IO H Ky6MHUbl K 
KdM AOBOnbHO CB06OAHO npMXOAHHH, HT06bl nOKyn3Tb y 

HauiHX npoAyin'bi no noBbameHHOM ueHe. 

Kax lopHCT Mory cxasaTb. ^to cocraa uenwii cnexy- 
finUHH Gbin nanMuo. KoHeHHO. HexpacHBO. ho )KH3Hb ne 
ocraHOBMUJb... CMOTpmub. ceroAHft k oahoh coceAKe 
KyG^Heu c cyuKOH npMuien, saBTpa - k Apyoii. npvuijjiH 
nyCTtie. o6paTHO - ene HecyT, A Ha cneAywiAnw p,enb 
0HHBMara3viHeBcenOApnAnOKynaiOT. Bo6meM,neBbie 
ABHbrM y ecex 6binH. V xoro 6ojibLue, y xoro MeHbiue. b1 
BCe CTapanMCb noTpaTMTb mx na cboh yAOBOJibCTBiin - na 
MopojxeHoe - 6e3 OT^eTa. BeAb kohcmho ms oMenb we- 
npHHTHo M yHHSkiTenbHO 6bino xaMAWM mbcau cocTaa- 
nsiTb OT^jeT - KyAa tw noTpaTtin cboh Aenbrn . . . 

- nanyusemca. s nOBCsdHBaHoO >ku2hu nonumom- 
den uzpan ^ymb nu we znaenyio ponb? 

- I\a, OK BO Bce BMeuJMBancn. KpoMe op-ieTOB h 
ycTpOHCTBa Aocyra. b noJii«TOTAe;ie pasfinpajiHCb ace 

CCOpW HKOH^inHKTbl. XOTbKaMHroaopHilVI.HTOOTCOpHa 

Ky6y 6un caMbii^ CTporMf^, ^to OTo6paHU nyMLUMe h3 



Mw« kann org 



G6 



4 XPACHOE KOJIECQ 



nyMUJiix, a m hmx - caubie aocjomewwvie. no niOAM ecTb 
nwflu 06o3aTenbM0 MTO-nneyflt as cnyManocf to anito- 
ronbHwe flena, to kto-to Koro-TO npMoesHOBan, to H3-3a 
AereM EcnbiKHyna ccopa. BcesTopasSMpajiocbiiynaNui- 
Banocb B nojiMTOTflene. 

noHHTHo, MTo He cjiy«5ois Hnw KyxHeCi eaMwoiS jkhb 
HenOBfiK. flocyr tojkc Hywwo npOBOflHTb c nonbjow. 

f\ yMce roBopMra, xyaa ^ ksk Hac BbiBosunM hb 
3KCicypcMH. Ho ancKypcMH ace Tpn roaa Bunvi a ohhh ti ts 
xe wecTa. TaK mto, paa-npyroii cteaflMiub, m najaeT 
MHiepec. Tew 5onee, hto we paapeiuanocb oxflennTbCH 

M CaMOCTOBTenbHO HTO-TQ OCMBTpHBaTb. BpSMR OT Bpe- 

MSHM noes^KM Boo6me orueHn/iMCb. 06bncHfl;iw 3to to 
ocno>KHeHMeM uexuiyHapoflHOM oOcTaf^oBKM, to tbm, mo 
5eH3HHa HBT, TO eme MeM-Hn6yflb, A eme, ecnvi irro- 
HM6yflb B ^eM-HMeyfib npoanHii/icfl. To«e MOrnw ewjep- 

KHyTb Vf3 CHMCKOB. /iMLUMTb, T3KCKa33Tb. nyBOnbHeHHfl HS 

6eper» 

A faaaHa - oneHb KpacMSbiM ropoA. OcoCchho CTa- 
p3fl i^acTb: Ha6epe>KHan. KoroHna/ibHan spxMTe<rrypa, 
KpenocTb, ApeBH^iii wanK. klKyStiHUbi-nioAi^KpacMabie 
H Bece;ibie no npnpofle. KaK own Haw o5bBCHflnM, Ha 
Ky6e npo6/ieM hgt, loribKO oflHa ocrajiacb - mwpoqom 
Hunepuan^sM. M box ohv nam ia raHuyicT. m o^eHb Bce 
Becenbie.blTe/ieBH3opKaKHMBKnK)MHmb-TaHLjbi, TaHuu, 
TaHUbi. CaM6bi. pyM6b), xaSaHepbi m npoHMe saxciira- 
TenbHocTM. A eme - SeiicSon, 6ei^c6on, 5eMc6on. Mero- 
To 6eraiOT. nero-To OTfinBawT. . fl tbk m He nonana 
npaBMn. 

Knur Ha pyccKOM nawKe na Ky6e 5b<no wnoro. Ho- 
MHto. Kor^a Hac b nepBuii pa3 npMBe3jiK b rasaHy hb 
SKCKypcviK). Mbi jaiiiTM b KHviKHbiii uar33viH «rjioeyc», a 
TaM TBKMe BentiKOfienHbie viyiaHV\si cboSoaho newaTJ Mbi 
npocTooSoMnerki. Buna m Bbiesanan Toprosnn KHHrauM. 
B onpeiieneHHbie a""! e '^acTb npiieswan Maraa^K'^HK. M 
Mywbn B neHHHcicoM KouHare TOHynM HOuepKn. HTo6bi 
BceM flocTanocb. HTo5bi HHKOwy «e 6wno oSh/iho. Tbk 
HTo KHvirn >-iaLMe npi^oSpeTanii My^bn OAnaKO 6bi/iM y 
Hac H TaicHe CMenue, pHCuoBbie ^eniuHHbi, KOiopbie b 
oflMHOHKy eaflnnn b TaeaMy aa KHuraMH. 3to Bwno sarpe- 
[ueno. HO OHM Bbi6MpaniiCb hs ropo^Ka, ca/iiinHCb h3 
MecTHfaiM aBToSyc. exanit tn nOKynann khmpm. H y use - 
cpeavi )KeHLjMH - 6bi/ia Taxan CBoeo6pa3Han ToprOB/in 
KHuraMH, no/iynerajibHSR. Ho He Mory cKasaTb, HTo6bi c 
HBueHKoti H npHfibinbto. ripocTo HTo-To nmuHee, ^to-to 
He noHpaBunocb. t^ bot uino raxoe nepepacnpeAenenMe 
4epe3 Kynnio-npoaa)Ky. 

Ay nacnonyHMnocb, hto khmfh. KynneHHbie na Ky6e, 
CTanii HaiuMM rnaaHMM ceMSHMbiM dorarCTBOM Kor/ia 
ubjexa;iMHa3aA. yHac6binoaB3 6araTCTBa:aBoe;ieTeM, 
KOTopbie TaM poatinticb, H KHtirM, KHHrM. KHtirti. 3tm AKy- 
6MHCKvie» KHMfM H no cei\ a^nb cocraanRioT maenyio 
i^acTb Haujekt ceuei4Hoti 6M6nMOTeKH. 

- 3Mawm. saw 3anpeiuanu esdumb a raeaHy'' 

- KaK TonbKO npnexanti, tbk acex npneweiuvix co- 
6panvi u CKsaariH, wto SbiesA M3 ropoaxa cauoctonTe^b- 
Ho M, TBM 6onee, a oflMHOMKy HBTeropiwecKii sanpetuen. 
M ecnH Koro ynHHax b nofloSHOM HapymeKHH, tot b 24 
i<3Ca ByflBT DTnpaanBH Haaafl. Hac Boo6iue nocTOfiHHO, 
TaKCKa3aTb,npoct»4naKTviHecKH.npeaynpe)tviafiii:«EcnM 
^To - 24 ^aca M.,.» 3to 6bina uenTpanbHan (liopMyna 

XklTb(<-6blTbR 

He «He4>opuanbHaR» Mti^SHb BCe pasHo Sbijna Co- 
BwpariHCb KOMnaniinMH, OTMenann nii4Hbte fl3Tbi, cny- 
luanii coHMMeHwn MecTHoro 6apaa, neriM cawM. oprann- 
30BbiBanM Bbina3Kvi "Ha iuaiiinbiKbi»...ii3 KypnrtiHbi. Ha 




Bud na eaeaub sopoda 




Ka<bedpa.nLrih:L ,,:;„^ 




Bud na mbm u ipopw 



OAHoro >4en0BeKa b Heaenio Aaaan^ oflKy KypMuy. A eoT 
roBFuixHy coQceM He noMHio. 6bina nM Pbi6y me ubi 
BbiweHMBanM y HBo(iCKOBHKOB». Mm ebizi3BanM h3 naeK 
nauiy MOpOMBHyio pbi6y, npuBesenHyK) m3 /leHHHrpafla. 
Bot ee mw m BbiMemiBanM, 

- /fa«',' Bedb Ky6a - ocmpoeemponuHecxux eodax 
Hey>Kenu ne 6bino uecmHou pbi6bi? 

-A6cDnK)Tho He nouHKi uecTHoti CBe>KeA pbiSu. k1 
BOoGiite Hiiv^erg Mopcxoro: KpeeeiOK, nanrycTOB, ycTpviu 
M nponero. flajne MopcKOH Kanycibj HMnero. 



■KAPTA- ^B^8-*c 2004 



^ BBNTAEMbll DCTPflB 



17 



Ha ace Mo^o'^Moe 6binn HopMw. A ceepx TOroaeA- 
CTBoeano eiue raKoe npaBnno: cxofibKo SyTbinoK gja- 
eiub, cTOJibKO nonyHaeiub nonHbix. HpiiHec flee - rbb m 
flanyr, a Tpexhio - hh 33 hto, xoTb tw Ha Konenn BciaHb' 
riosTOMy nycran creicnaHHan 5yTbinKa 5bi;ia BontUJOM 
qeMHoCTbio, ene oahhm THnoM MsaniOTbin nwflH, iiorfla 
yesjuajiM. apyrapyry nepeAaaanH SyrwnKn c pyx Ha pyKM. 
3Ta «e cwrreMa Kacanacb m nwaa. Ero tokb npoflaaanM 
TonbKO na oQuen. V\ ecriM HOBenbKMM no KaKOM-nH6o 
npii4MHe ocTaBancfl Bea acrewiaa, y Hero Ha^HHanncb 
MyMSHnn.., TonbKO oHeHbHecKopo, noraa npHmMBeiiibCP 
fia npMBWKHyr k Te6e, Aa HanaAnxcfl capaw, npoflaBeu 
Mor npoflaTb 6yTblno'^Ky npocro 3a fleHbrm. Hy a Tbi, 
cooTseTCTBeHHO, eMy 3a axo, «b 6naroflapHoCTb». nanny 
curaper Mnn Kocjie. B o5ineM, screKnos 6epernM nyme 
rnaaa 

- A KSK odcmofino deno c hbujum HauuOHanbhbiu 
tnsKapcmeoMv? 

- 0, sTOfO xBarano. Ebino. 3 pKe roflopnna npo 
KOHbRK. EJoAKa B pyccKOM MsrasMHs npoAaaanacb cao- 
6oaH0 H CTOMna cronbKO xe. Dpasfla, co BpeMBHeM, 
4epe3 rofl, naweTCfl. BOflity orpaHHHMrn. 3aB03MnM ro/ib- 
Ko K npaa/iHMKaM m npoAaeanii, ksk 33K33. A KOHbtiK «Tpu 
3Be3AOHKii», neibipe fleejiHOCTO ByrbinKa, CTonn BCsrAa. 
Ho KpOMe SToro Sw/ih eme KyOnMCKMe HanMTKM. Pqm b 
TBKMx Kpact^Bbix SyTwriKax. Bbino vi bmckh. Moh Myxc, eme 
KorAa yijuncn, Swaan aa fpanwueii \^, a CMwcne Hanm- 
iiOB. 6bin ^enoBSK Sonee npocBeiueHMhifi. ^eu n H MHe 
Toxe xaic xoTenocb nonpoSosaTb! Ho cronno 3to onenb 
Aoporo: eyrwnna poMa - 80 neco. KoneHHO. r TaKyto ne 
nynnio o0MUtianbHO, Ho bot nptixOAvin aeHb, KorAa mhb 
Rapiy He nucanM*. H Toraa HanHHanwcMeraTb 3tm aopo- 
rweeyTbinKM.anouencwxenepeflaBanocb-MHaKapTyHe 
nbnuyr! » - ace 6e>Kanki b Mara3MH h Toxce BicnKmanHCb. m 
see Cbirtu oocrrn^Bbi... 

rioTOM Bce-TaKu HaxOAH/icn oamh, crynan, npMfiera- 
jio HananbCTBO «3 nonHTOTAena m npuKaawBano, •^roew 
Bce - necTHo! - 3anMC3/in B Kapro-^KH. KTO HTo KynHJi. M 
BOT Ha^MHanocb «BOCCTaH0BneH*ie »iecTH0CTH». Kto-to 
nwcan uenwitoM, kto-to yraMBan. ho epeiub a BiOAweTe 
9T0 npo6iiBa/io. nonyMancnnepepacxofl. BosMUKan Bon- 
poc - OTnyAa ASMbrvi? npMxoAMnocb onpasAbiBaTbcn m 
BbiKpy^KBaTbcn, mto, aecKarb, saHnn-nepeaahnn m TOMy 
nOflo6Hoe. B o6iabm. 5birM HenpHHTHOCTH. A Myweti 
0AH03Ha<^H0 ebi3biBajiH Ha Kosep vi Aasanki cHa^^ana 
iiaxno6yMKy, a noTOM naKaHKy: 3to neaonycTviMo! mo6u 
vro 6birio B nocneAHiiM pas! 

Ha Ky5e y nac poAH/iocb aBoe ASTeii . CaMoe mhtb- 
peCHoe, ^TO y hmx, kbk h b CUJA, rpawaancTBO onpeaenft- 
excfl no Mecry poJUAeHiin. To ectb mom actm. Taw pow- 
aeHHwe, Moryr cMMTBTb ce6n rpaxaanaMii Ky5w, 3a 
pojKASHMe Moero MaribHMKa MHe BbinnaTiinH ^epes koh- 
cyna noco6Me. Ot Ky6bi. Ecnw ne HSMeHBST naMHTb - 90 
neco. AKOrAapoaMnacbaeBO'4Ka-40neco. Fl cnpocvina, 
a no4eMy? M mhc OTaeTHnM: «noToi.«y ^ro paaoriomiH 
Hyxhbi conaaTbiN. 

fl - pyccKan, ho powna b Ky5nHCK0M rocn^Tane, 
nonoweno no 3aK0Hy 3a «conflaTa>i 90, a 3a «6oeByK) 
noApyi^" 40 - nojiyHMl 

H noKa Tau wKJia, ne anajia HasBanvin HSujeA 6a3bi 
H MCM OHa saHMMaeTCfl. Mor/ia TonbKo npeAnonaraTb. 
MecTo. KyAa ye3)Kan na cjiy«6y My)K, HasbiBam TopeHC. 
M 3T0 Bce, HTO n 3Hana, M TonbKo ne Tax yw h Aaano, xorfla 
o6 3TOM MHoro CTanw nmcaTw, o ySHsna. uto oh paSoran 
na ciaHUMM paaiAocnexeHva 8 Jlypaece. 



C MecTHuM H3ce/ieHHeM Mbi noMTu ne o6iL(3nMCb. 
Aa H KaK Q^asuib o6maTbCfl 6e3 nsuKa? Bbino y nac c 
HviMMApyroe «o6LijeHMe». ^yTKeroBopHna.^TOHenoaa- 
jieKy, 3a ropoS, Cwna lUKona-MHTepHaT. TaK bot, ntioMe- 
pbi KygMHCKHe - OHM Koannii a 4>opMe c TaK^MM 5opaoBbi- 
MH rancryKaMM - apsMq ot speMeHu noaeopoBbiBanM y 
wac s ropoa^ie 6enbe c aepesOK. CMOTpmub, to nonoTeH- 
ua hct, to npocTWMM. to eme Hero-HM6yAb, Ho y hhx see 
3T0 6bino B KyiKOM aectiMUvtre. Beab aCconioTHO ace 
Toeapbi (He TonbKO npoaytn'bi!) nviuHTMpOBa/iHCb m ot- 
nycKanHCh TOiihKO no KapTOHKaM, Hunero CBo6oaHO Ky- 

RMTb SbinO HenbSB. nOMHK), SaMAeiUb B Ma^a3^iH^^HK B03- 

/ie rocn»iTajin. a tsm ne>KaT hsiuh caMbie Aeujeebie m 
HenpnTnaaienbHwe a/iioMMHneBwe oGiaenHTOBCKwe jio»- 
KM VI BMnKM, rpaHBHbie CTBHaHu, KacTpnnbKvi AKipane- 
Bbie. M 3T0 TOMe y hmx 6uno no Kapro'HKaMl Tax mto 
ntioHepoB M3 uHTepHBTa uomHO noHOTb. 

Bce 6bino no KapTO^^KaM. Mnorfla ysMAHiub mto- 
HM6yabHywHoe,oco6eHHoaBTCKoe, nrpyujKy-norpeMyuj- 
Ky KaKyto-HMOyAb. onenb xombtch KynMTb. Torfla cManajia 
npoTiirHBaeiiib naMKy Koctw hjih cwrapeT - m hbt npo- 
6jieM! - npoflaiOT... 

EcnM nocMOTperb KpMTH^ecKM, xmjih ohh. kohsmho. 
6eat^ee nac HaMHoro. BsmnnyTb xorn 6bi. bo hto ohh 
5wnM oaeTbi, hto Ha Horax. XoTb oce h necrpo-npKO, a 
OHCHb 6eaH0. M B TaKyio >Kapy - ace b HpHMnnenoBbix 

6pKlKax. M MyVK^HHbl. H XCeHLU^Hbl. npRMO yHM(t}OpMa. A 

y)4( npo MOflenbHyto »eHCKyio o6yBb s wojiny. Aa '^to tsm 
MoaenbHan - npocrwe neTHHe 6ocoho)kkh m to b pefl- 
KocTb, B ocHOBHOM - nepHbie MyxcKMe nony6oTHH«M. 
4yTbnM HB namero «cxopOKOAOBCKoro» npOMSBoacTBa. 
H TBK oflBTbi Bce. Hy o^eHb ocpoMHO H H*mero, aSconioT- 
HO HM^ero Henb3B KynHTb CBoCoano. Bce, 4to /ibwht na 
nonKax v\ BHTpHHax, - Tonbiio ana biwmmoctm. Topxeio. 
TOpxeTo. Topxexo! 

rioneMy K HBM B ropoaOK h npMxoaMriM m 6panM Bce: 
OT npoAyrroB n Many^airrypbi ao 3ySH0H nacTw m ihbtok. 

ft Bbi 3HaeTe. 3jv nocTOflHHbie orpaHM<^eHM<i, 3tm 
ttTopxeTon xaK BbeaaKiTcn, hto 6yKBanbH0 b KpoBb npo- 
HHKaK>T. Koraa mu BepHy/incb, n o^enb AO;iro (oneHb!). 
3axoafl B Mara3MH v\ hto-to npHCwOTpes, nepabiu a/enaa 
- Ha aBTOMaTe! - cnpaiuHBana e3To mowho KynnTb?* 
Hnw; «A cKOfibKO SToro mojkho KynwTb?* CaMo coSoii 
cneiano c nsuKa. Dommmo bopmI Ha Menn npoAaamMUi'' 
Tax cMOTpenw: "Pas jiokht, 3HaHMT mojkho, jtceHiuMHan. 
OTKyaa MM snaTb Sbino. 4to Ha Ky5e - ne>KMT, a neribsw. . 

OMSHb xorenocb yexaTb. Mu ycjanu. M bot KorAa 
npMuen 3T0Taonro>«flaHHbifl Aenb, ubi noaxBaTMnw ae- 
TEH, BeujM - y Hac khmf MHoro 5wno — m coeepiueHHO 
CMacrnuBbie now^anHCb b a3ponopT... 

HaM eiae aaa pasa hotom npeanarariH noexaTb Ha 
KySy. Ho mu 0TKa3ariitCb. Ha nac tbk cMOTpefin: « Bu 
HTO, c yMa coiufiH? TaKHe aeHbrw! » An roBopMna: «fl y*e 
Bonbiue - ne xony*. CsMoe MHTepecHoe, hto KorAa My»!y 
nepBbiHpa3npea'io«nnn,oHcpa3yoTBeTviTi:eHeT)>. EMy 
rOBOpnr: «Tbi ne ToponHCb, cxoah flOMoft, c >KeHOM noco- 
BeTyMcn. noTOM peiuMiub». Oh npMiuen. cnpaujHBaeT, an 
eMyTOwe cpasy: «He noeaeMM 

Cawoe maBHoe, noxonyii. snaeTe. bot 3to oaiyiue- 
HHe HeCBo6oaw... 3T0ro onenb He xoTenocb. «Topxe- 
Ton.OnHTbaTHOTHeTbi... 0nnTb9TMHaKaHKki... BoGu^eM. 
Mbi OTnasanMCb. Wywa aawe sacraBMnM HanwcaTb otk33 
a HHCbMeHHOM BMAS- Ho Mbi HM pa3y nocne He noManem. 

2004 b.. Pp3aHb 



www karia Dfg 



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3/1EKTP0HHblM LlJnMOHA>K HA KYEE 



PaA»io3jieKTpoHHbiM qsHTp Ha Ky69, b /lypAsce 
(Lourdes), 6bin cosflflH B 1964 roay. ^fepes flsa roaa 
noc/ie Kap(i6cKOro KpMSMca. Moji.spHv\3iApOBaH b 1997 
rofly. Annaparypa noaBOJineTnepexBaTbjaaTbflaMHbje c 
nioBbix cnyTHHKOB cbh3ii, HaaeMHbix TeneKOMMyHmtami- 
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aflMCrOB. 3to coTpyflHMKM UJecToro ynpasneHMn rPV 
(paa^oiurMOHaiK) vi rperbero maBKa OAFICH (ruaeHoro 
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3n — ryPPCC). Bcero Ha MOflepHiisaMnto qeHTpa sa 
HQc/ieflHHe roflbi HcrpaneHO Okojto 3 MM/uiMapflOB aofi- 
jiapoB 

B HOdSpe 1 992 roaa BbUio npo/iOHrapoaaHo corra- 
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aHrnMiicKoro eMeHea^nbuma Financial Mail. 7 0eBpanfi 
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cnyweaM ycuniiTb flefirenbHocTb no noKynKS awepuKaH- 

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Ka'^ecTBe ocHOBHoro ^cTO'^HUKa 3TMX ceKperoB Hasbiaan- 
cn uBHTp Ha Ky6e. A avipeirrop aMepMKat^cKoti BoeHHOki 
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aPacnopnweHtie Na 461-pn o saKnio^eHkiH comaiueHMfl 

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7m no o5ecneHeHMK) 6e3onacHocTn poccmmckmx bobh- 
Hbix o6teKTOB, pacno/iojKeHHbix Ha ToppHTopim PecnyO- 
niiKH Ky68». 





UeHmpanbHbiO Kounneitc e Hypdece Ichui*ok 
c auepuKiHCKozo cnymnuxa) 



LlBHmp 3mKmpOHH0u psseedxu a flypdece 



MMHwrrpo6opoHwKy6biPaynbKacTpoe 1993 roay 
yraepjKaan: «Oko/io 75% MHctwpMaumi pasBeawBarenb- 
Horo xapaiaepa no CLUA Poccmb nonyMaer c noMombio 
uewTpa BJlypaec©», PoccMHCKneBoeHHweroBopnTMHoe. 
rio MX cnoaaM, cranmiB ycrapena oKono 10 ner naaaa. 
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cnoco6aMii. Xotb HexoTopwe aMepHKancKHe cneucnyjK- 

6bl rOBOpHT, MTO CTaHUHH B /lypaSCe n03BO/lBeT PocoiM 

nepexaaTbieaTb «6oni>LiJMHCTeo cneMHantHo He 33ut>i- 
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saaHwe craHLWw hkoSw hb nycritnii aawe 6nii>KaMiuee 
conpoaoKaeHHe npeanflewTa. 

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caMO coaepMcaHKB craHuHM 3tm aaHHbJS ao atx nop 
6binM m sanaaHbix mcto^hkkob. O0im»arbHo pocckiiic- 
KHe BoeHHbie Boo6iue OTKaabtBatoTcn Ha3biBaTb xaKiie- 
ni^6o UM<})pbi. 

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CKMx BoeHHOcnyxainKx, ho m ohh noxwHyr reppinopMio 
Ky5bi B 6ni«KaiiLijee speMH, 

See daHHbie - ua omxphimbix ucmo'iHUKoe 



•'IM'IK » 38-40 20CM 



4 D^KTAEMblii flCTPOB 



KyENHCKNH ryjIAF: JIAFEPH H IIEHTPbl hhtephnpdbahhh 




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CTpane, KOiopan MOrna 6bi oCBOSOA^Tb orpOMHufi HapoA, noHflTHH He MueHDUttif^, hto oh hc 

CB060a&H, BbinaBUJMM ... M3 XOA^ tlCTOpMH. 

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KyEMHCKim ryjiAr 



Hm oflHo Ky6nMCKoe npaBMTejibCTBO, npaBHBuiee 
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paSonei^ CHDM, He npkiSerano hm k KSKOti 4)apMe ripMHy- 
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flayx flHKTaTopoo, Xepapflo MawaflO (1925-1933 rr.) h 
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3aimto>jeHHbix ne sacraennfiK paSoTaib. npk)BneKa«i mx 
npviMaHHOH B BMAe npM3pa<-iH0ki bosmomchocth npouieHMn 
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6wn OTMe><en tot (Jjairr, uto e 70-e roflw 6b<nit ocao6o)K- 
AeHbi noHTVi 20 000 ysniiKOB. 

n/iaH «MopexoH» 

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LuerocoSoM hsmto cpe/iHee Me)KAy pem^uou ThOpeMHMM 
vt pe)«MM0M narepHMM. Ha nonbsy v\ bo 6riaro Tontixo Tex 
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MX nnanbi. Flocne Toro xax mm npMiunocb OTKasaTbCfl ot 
peannaauiiH «3KcnepMMeHTanbHOfo nnaHa "MopexoH"», 
OHM npMHnnHCb aa ocyutecTsneHMe apyrorc nnaHa no 
«B038pau(eHMK} B o6iMecTBo» ocyxvienHbix. Na ceA paa 
OH 6bin paapaSoTan BepHuu cnoflBHUXHMKOM Kacrpo Ka- 
MMJ10 CbeH0y3rocoM, A y^acTMe bo scex ero ms- 
ponpnHTii«x 5wno o6B3aTenbHO Ann acex yaMMnoe BHe 
sasMCMMOCTti OT )KenaHMn. 



n,naH KaMM/io CbeH(t>y3roca: 
KBTOpra Ha ocTpose IImhoc 

B cooTBeTCTBMM c nnanoM see HaceneHMe TtopeM m 
narepeii 6b4no opraHMSoaano b 6pMraflbi; xaxvian TaKan 
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MRM yAapOB DTCTaBaHMena HecKoribKOMeTpOBOTLjenM 
TOBapMLueii no saKnio^eHMto. npexpatueHMe npononxM 
MOM nepexanuBaHMn 3eM;iM MOrnM aCT0MTb» ropaaao 
Aopowe. TO ecTb MornM noa/ie^b ropasAO 6onee cypoeoe 
HaxaaaHMe. 



Pfiryo 




R^^"*"" p™ 



MofJrtD. 



rta Victoria 



Cabo 





IsleofYoutii 



Ocmpoe HutHX, nepeuMenoeflHMwu a ocmpoe Manodocmu 



■KAPTA- Ml 36^ 20M 



^ DBNTAEMbll 



n 



ynpuMuee n CTponTMBuea ornpaennnti m3 riarepfi b 
ocoSbie KflHCtmnnnHapHbie Kapuepbi*. 3aKJiiOHeHHt.ix 
nacTO noflBeprann 0CKOp6neMHBM, BCnnecKn yHHJKanM, 
eeflb KOHTppeaontounoHepbi aojijkhh Sw/im ^sHaib, «4To 
TaKoe DcvOHbu. HeKOTOpbix vshmkob sacTBBnnriM BbUiep- 
FHBaTb npM npononKB copnsKH sySaMM. Apynx npMHyw- 
flanH HHCTHTb aHaMBMHTyio MMoxoHepys - orpoMHyio 
BbirpeSHyK) flwy b narepe na ocrpoBS riMHOC, newameM 
y to)KHoro 6epera Ky6bi. M'MoxOHCpa", - paccKaswBaeT 
a>epMHH AMaflop^aMMCO, npMroBopeHHbiw k paBoraw wa 
"3aMe'^aTe^bH0M Mecre", - npeflCTae/inxia coBoii mran- 
TCKyro BwrpeOHyio SMy noa otkpwtwm hb6dm; paayweeT- 
cfi, OHS MCTonana HeBOo6pa3HMyio aoHb Ha noaepxHoc- 
TM rycTOM MCpHOBaTow WHJKH BHflHenncb cryCTKH ocraH- 

KOB AC Te/lbHOCTM HenOBeHSCKHX OpraMMSMOB, CKOni^B- 

ujHecfl Taw 33 TpM jxecftTv\reTi/iafi «MoxoHepy» HyjKHO 
6bino perynnpHD sbi'^niijaTb, ^roBbi a nepHOA AO)«AeiS 
MepsKan )KH)Ka, ee sanonHBaiuas, hb awiuna H3 5eperoa 
M He sajiMjia Bce aoKpyr. y^tacme b npouecce mhctkh 
6bino ManxyflOJUM HaKa3amieM, oKoe TonbKO moikho 
5wno ce6e npeflcraatiTb. 

3a TpM rofla uepea ocrpoB riMHoc npoiuno oKono 
10000 ijenoBSK O^Haito a 1967 r ot ocymecraneHun 
n/iawa KawHfio CbeHttjy3roca ornasanHCb, noTOwy uto 
CTano a6conio"mo acho, 4to nornKa, b cooTBeTCTauM c 
KOTopoiiywecTweHne penpeccMiSflon>KHo5btnonpMae- 
CTM K yBenHMBHHK) MucnB niofleii. OTpenaBuinxcfi ot cbo- 
vix y6e>KAeHi<ii4 h npocnu^Mx y hobd^ anacTLi npOLueHMn. 
KBK roBopkircfl, He cpaSorajia, B Konqe kohuob «o5pa3- 
uoaanTiopbMaHHaocTpoBe nMHOcGbuianpeapameHaB 
MyseA. nocBBiueHHWM naMSTn repoes. cnoAB«>KHHKoa 
Kacrpo, cosepiUkiBitjMx aueCTe c Htiu pesoniouMio m 
OTSbieaeujMX naKaaaHHe b aroM Mecre aa nepayio nofibiT- 
Ky nepeaopora na Ky6e b nepHoa npaB/ieHiin BaTMcrbi b 
ropa3AO ny4uinx yc/iOBiinx. 

Bcex /aHHKOB ueHTpa/ibHoro narepfl ocrpoaa Hh- 
Hoc OTnpaBHfiM a pasnH^nwe AncMMn/iKHapHwe uempw, 
TaKkie, KaK CaHAMHO 1 m 2, TaKOTaKO, pacnonoMtenHbie na 
sanaAHOii okohbijhoctvi ocrpoaa. MweHHo raw. b stmx 
MBHTpax, anacTM nbirariHCb nperBOpmb a WMSHb HoayKJ 
nporpaMMy nepeBocnHTaHud nyreM npiinyatiTenhHbix 
paSoi: Haswaanacb 3Ta nporpawwa «nnaHOM Ahtohmo 
Maceo». ysHMKos m3 apymx rarepeii «a ocrpoee n«MOC 
nepeBBJiM b TiopbMbi npoBMHUMki raBana. raKvie, kbk Ha- 
Ka6aHbfl, BoHbAra, Kmjio 5. 

«n/iaH Ahtohmo Maceo» 
M «nporpeccMBHbiH n/iaH» 

B Hana/ie 70-x roAoa b 3K0H0MHKe KySw Ha^anii 
npoMcxoA^Tb cna^ana HeaaueTHbie, a aareM m nanbie 
nsMeHeHwn. Mwc/ieHHocib HaceneHHB sHaynTentHO bo3- 
pocna, HTo crano npHHMHOi* KwnniuHoro ti npoflOBonb- 
cTaeHHoro KpuijMcoB, 3acTaaiiaiuHx Ky6nncKoe pyKOBOA- 
CTBO nepsMTM OT Kpaiine nAeonorn3MpoBaHHOM nonnTM- 
KM K noriHTHKe Sonee peanbHow, nparMaTiwHoii Othhms 
B MecTax aaKTioHeHMn ne cronbKO SyayT TpeBoeaTb ot 
3aKJiK)MeHHoro noKaoHMfi m oTKasa ot npextHMx ySeiKAs- 
HUM, cKonbKo noabimeHHB npOHsaoAi'TenbHocTH TpyAa. 
MoJKHO CKaaaTh. hto ot chctbmw pa6CKOro Tpyaa nepe- 

XOflnTKCHCTeMeyCJlOBMJi.BKOTOpOkiMOmHblMCTHMynOM 

flnn ySMMKOB craner ceoero pofla luaHTa*, npejibinaa- 
ujHvi MX B03MO>!HOCTbK) HMCKynneHHfl BMHbi nepsA Hapo- 
AOM» yflapHWM TpyflOM. «yAapHhii;i TpyA» CTaHOBMTcn a 
3T0M CkiCTeue KnioueBbiu cnoBOM, ^^sM'TO apoAe napo- 
nn. M,oflHaKo*e, nnan Ahtohho Maceo cTpaaan tsm «e 




Kauuno Cbempysaoc. noau6 28 oitma6pa 1959 eoda npu 
3a^a^o'^nblx oCcrmnmefibcmeax. 

HeAOcraTKOM, hto m nnaw KawHfio Cben^yiroca, tsk 'fro 
ero npoaan 5bin Bnonne npeACKa3yeM. 

riocne Toro k3k nran Ahtohmo Maceo noTspnen 
HeyAany, KySuHCKne anacTw npMcrynH/iH k ocymecTane- 
HHK) Ta« HaabieaeMoro inporpeccuBHoro nnanan. flpo- 
uecc nepeBOcrtMTaHMn pa36kiBancFi na A^a STana mc- 
nwTaTenbHbii^ H ochobhoh. Ha nepaOM arane yannKAOJi- 
wen 6bin xcxTb m paSoTaTb b McnpaBUTertHOM aaaeAe- 
HHM, MMGHyeMOM «(})epwoM». Hcfiapuao 3Ta npeflCTaanfl- 
na coCoM jiarepb. aCconnTHo naon^poBaHHbiM or Bneai- 
HBro MMpa VI oxpannBLUHMCfl aoopyweHHOii oxpat^oii: npaa- 
aa, y3HMK MMen npaao Ha canAaHHe c poAHbiun. noAo6- 



www kirti OTQ 



72 



^ KPACHOE K0AEC8 




TiopeuHhie Hopnyca no Hcna-dent-nunoc 



Hbie «ct)epMbi» npeflcraBfiBnii co5oii cuonnine aepeaHM- 
Hbix na^yr, KpbiTux b ochobhom Mspennue^ n oKpyweH- 

HblX pRASMK KOniD'^eH npOBOnOKM C e03BblUiaiOLllMMHCn 

HBA Hk4M^ cTopoweBbiMM BbnuKSMvi. 06bNH0 Heno^afie- 
Ky OT «tt)epMW», HS KOTOpoii pafioTani* ot 500 no 700 
aaKnuMeHHux. HaxoA^n^Cb h KaaapMbi peBoniouKOHHMx 
BoopyjKeiMbix cMfi. ocymecTe/inaiunx oxpaHy narep». 
npuwepHO TaKHC we «{l)epMbi» cyLuecTBoaajiH b KttTae m 
BO BbeTHawe, kctbth, Han6o;ibiune awanorwH boshukb- 
K)T npH cpasHSHMn Ky6MHCKoro n BberHaMCKoro onwTOB 
no «nepeBocn»iTaH»io»: aeflb vimghho bo BbeTnaMe B 
1975 r. ocyujecTB/innacb no/to^HaR nporpsMMa acm- 
CTBMfi no OTHOLueHMio K «<(OHTppeBonioLuioHepaMB. 

3a y^acTue b ySopxe caxapHoro rpocTHHKa v\nu b 
CTpOMTe/ibCTBe, rpH ycnOBHM xopOLueii paSoTti, iawiio- 
^eHHwii nocne HcnbiTarenbHOro cpOKa, KOTopbivi mowst 
npOflOnnOTbCB OKono rpex Mecnuea, nojiynaeT 
BOSHarpajKAeH^e Ha «ct)epMe>>, m oh MomerHaflenTbCFi, a 
KOMue KOHUOB, nonyMHTb 95 neco (ceroflHB 25 neco 
paBHbi 1 Aonnapy). l^saTMXfleHeroHyMceMorsan/iaTMTb 
3a HeKOTopbie ycnyrM. cr^pxy 6enbfl, Hanpi4Mep. a Taxme 
KynnTb ubino. cHraperbi m Apyr^s ueno^ii. 

riocne kicnbiTarenbHoro cpotca, e tom cnyMae, ecnii 
aaimfO'^eHHbiK pa6oTan nnoxo, hb npoAeMOHcrp^poBan 
oco6oro paeHMH , ero MorrM oinpaanTb a TiopbMy crporo- 
ro pexMwa. ecni* pyKOBOflcreo co4no6bi ero onaCHUM b 
CMWcne «MfleonorMv<ecKOro BOsaeiScTBUBM na apymx 
saKnio^eHHbix, Ecjim we ySHtix TpyawiCfl yfiapHo, to b 
tiocneanm nepMoa McnbiTaTBnbHoro cpoKa oh Mor pac- 
CHMTbisaTb Ha HeKOTopue no&iia>KKM, nanp^Mep na 
KpaTKocpOHHwe ornycua na flCMb, asa, a to m wa rpw. 
CneflyeTcxasaTb.sTOBhyTpeKHnenpaBMnapacnopsflKa 
B narepe ycTaHaennBanHCb xOMeHflaHTOM, TaK '^to ycno- 
BHn H(M3Hki a pasHbix narepnx 6binM aecbua paanM^Hu. 

Ha BTopoM aianB ocyLijecTBneHMn oaHHoii nporpau- 
Mu ySHMKOB c «c})epM» oTnpaBnfinbi Ha (upyaoBOM 
ttpoHTH. ue pejKitM coABpwaHMfl 3aKnioMeHHbix 6bin ro- 
pasao Menee CTpor, mcm h3 «0epMax». Saimio^eHHwe 
paaMemaniict. see s Tex we Sapaxax, ho Bortpyr hhx mc 
6bmo HWKaKHx cx;o5bix aarpawAenMii, hh cKoSenHO crpo- 
roii oxpaHbi. 3aK;iK}MeHHbiu paspemanviCb CBMAaHMn c 
pOAHUMM. HO laoie acero ^m paapemanocb a KOHuie 
neaerM ompasriflTbCR aomom m nposoAi^Tb c poAHUUVi 
uenbiii AfiHb. 

BoeHHao a/iMMHMCTpauiifl KOHTporiMpoeana pac- 
xoAHbieBeflOMocTH.onna'JiiBanaTpyflsaiuiKD'^eHHbixnpM- 
MepMO Tax me. kbk onna^MBanti tix TpyA na a0epMax», 



Bena ynei npucyTCTBHn h oTcyrcTBMH ntoasvi Ha pa5oHMx 
MecTax. oTMesana cny^^an BonesKeti. HapymeH^n ayc- 
mmnnHbi a cpeanna aa bcbm. mto Hueno oTHoujeHne x 
ctiyHKUHOHMpOBaHkiK) onpeAaiSHHoro y^acTxa irpyAO- 
BOfo» Hnn «oTKpbiToroB tppoHTa. Ha xawAOM TaxOM yl^a- 

CTXe wTpyflOBOrO* MnM WOTKpWTOrOB tfpOHTa oBblHHO 

pa6aTano ot era no aayxcoT HenoBex. B nanajie 70-x 
rofioa K yMacTMK) a ocywecTa/ieonM wnporpeccHBHoro 
njianaM &bin\/i npHsneneHbi vi yronoBHMKiii, xOTopux cTa- 

m COAepWaTb H3 fllpyaOBblX (t)pOMTax» COBMeCTHO c 

nonvnunecKvtMiA aaxniOLieHHbiMbt. 

B Sonbujeii ^bctm coapeMennbix riopew hb Ky6e 
MMewTcn cneuHa/ibHwe uenTpbi hoh 140x3 no nponsBOfl- 
CTBy paaniiMHbix Aeianeii MnH nonyct)a6pnxaT0B, (13 ko- 
Topbix y3HKKM. HaxoAnia^ecn Ha «0epuax>i mnut na arpy- 
flOBOMtfpoHTea, coCupaKiTMeSenb.opyflrttiTpyflaMTfl, 
B cTpoMTenbCTBe npaxruKyeTCfl m Taxoe paaaeneHne 
Tpyaa: ysHiiKi^ Ha «0epMaxM npobi3eoA^T oT^enbHbie 
i4acTwc6opHhix KOHCTpyxLtwii , a «5oMi4bi Tpyaoeoro i^poH- 
Ta» (xax Ha3biBaiOT t8m ysHHKoa) coGMpaiOT mx yxe hb- 
nocpeACTseHHO na cTpotiTenbHbix nnomaAxax. 

TpyA «6oiiL|0B TpyAoaoro ctOHTa* ^acTo Hcnonbsy- 
lor pasn^MHbie rpaxcAaHcxtie oprani^sauHii; Hanpnuep. 
TSKati rpa^viaHCKan opraHM3au»in. KaK MMHKCTepcreo pas- 
BMTHB o6iMecT6eHHbix h cenbCKOxo3niicTBeHHbix paSoT, 
Mcno/ibsyeT ao 60 npoueBTOB saKntOHenHbix na noAse- 
AOMCTSeHHblX cTpoiiKax. 

PasyweeTCfl, xax v\ b c/iynae c coaeTCKUM rVJlAroM, 
BnojiMe saxoHHo B03Hi4KaeT aonpoc 06 3ct)4)eKTiiBHOCT»i 
TpvAa 3aKnK)HeHHi>ix, peHTa6enbH0CTM Bceii CMCTewbi, 
M B OTBeT MoxcHo npuBecTM MHoroM^CJieHHbie npHuepbi 
5onbiuoH peaynbTaTHBHocTM laKoro ronypa5c«oro Tpy- 
A3: a npoBMHunirt OpueHTs, k npMuepy, OKono Aayx ne- 
CflTKOB nonMTBXHHHecKHx LUKon 6binvi BOsee^eMbi pyKa- 
MH MBoiiuOB TpyflOBOro 4)poHTa» Cpean Apyfux oSiieK- 
TOB. coopyxteHHbix 6;iaroAapfl ycuntinM aaxj^WHeHnbix, 
MowHo npuBecTM WHBOTMOBOAHecKUM KOMnjiexc a npo- 
BHHunn faBana, cionflpHwe wacTepcxne h o6Lneo6pa30- 
aaTenbubie h cpeAHHeiuKo/ibi b npOBMHumi riwHap-Aenb- 
Pmo. catiHo4)epMbi b npoB^HtjMit MaT3Hcac, AecnTKi<i 

MOnO^HblX0epU H MOnOK03aBOAOB a npOB^HUlIM BtinbF)- 

Kjiapa, aaaoA no npoM3B0ACTBy nojiytbaOpmtaToa aha 

KHpnklHHO^ npOMbllU/ieHHOCTM B npOBHHUHM OpHBHTe (b 

©jKHOii nacTH ocTpoBa) H T.A B 1999 r. na Ky6e ocTaBa- 
Tiocb oKono THcntM no/iMTmiecKMx saMitOMenHbix. TaKHM 
o6pa30M, Tenepb ywe aaneito ao Tex MHOrOMncjieHHwx 
«KoropT», 4T0 TpyflH/iHCb Ha npHHyflHTenbHbix pa60Tax 
Ha KySe e 60-e, 70-e 80-e roflw ho npMHyflHTenbHbie 
pa60Tt>i npoflonwaioT npuMennTbCB b xanecTBe penpec- 

CMBHblX MBp. 

Tax, B Anauape (k aocToxy ot raaaHbi) ao c^x nop 
npoAonwaeT cyuiBCTBoaaTb y^acTox nTpyAOBoro ((ipOH- 
xan, 6oML(bi KOToporo sannTbi a cTpoiiTe/ibCTBe. Hocne 
HBCToniuero vB3pbiBa» b c0epe Typuawa, npoi43aLiieA- 
mero b waMane 90-x roflOB, na Ky6e BosHMxra noTpeG- 
HocTb pesxo paciiiwpwTb ceTb rocTWHiiLi. 4to npMseno x 
TOMy, hto TpyA saxnKj^eHHbix, KaK noniiTHHecKMx, tbk m 
yrofioBKMKOB. HanariH axTtiBHo Mcnonb30BaTb na 
cTpohiTenbCTBe rocTMHHHHbix 3aaH»v\ 

BoeHMSMposaHHbie noApa3AeiieHiiR 

nOMOLAH npOHSBOACTBy 

Ha Ky6e5bi/in m HacToniuweTpyflOBwenarepn. Ohh 
nooannncb a 60-eroflbi. sTOTnepvioA. xorfla Taw xecTo- 
KO nogaannjiHCb nKiSbie nponaneH^n onno3viL|k<OHHoi4 
ABflTenbHocTH, ocoBeHHO B 1961 r., b MOMenT nposefle- 



-KAPTA* t«3S-<C 2(104 



^ ObNTAEMbiii OCTPOB 



73 



HUfl Maccoat.ix o5naB, q xoae KOTopwx Gwah aaaepwaHbi 
OKono lOOOOO^eJioBen, nepatiS TpyflOeoiS narepb 6bir 
OTKpbiT B 1 960 r B paiiOHe ropoaa TyaHaxaii 

B 1964 r. fleno no cosaaHMio rannx narepeiS n 
ynpaBneHi<i« i^mu e3«na b cbc»4 pyKM apMiAa. Bar Tor^a 
OHM H crann nweHOBaTbCs BoeMM3»pOBaHHbiMM noapas- 
fleneHUBMH ngMOiuM nponsBOflCTey. nepBOHa-nanbHO 
3T11 noflpaaaeneHun coMaBanMCtann Toro, 4To6bi aep- 
waTb B HMx noa oxpaHoii paannHHwe aHTiioSiaecTaeH- 
Kbie 3neMenTbi, roMocexcyanncTOB h npcwux «napa3M- 
TOB», HO BCKope OHM npeapaTi^niict} b Hacioftmtie 
KOHqeMTpauMOHHbie narepn. Co/iMqe KapMBcKoro Mopn 
He MOrno H3MeHMTb mx cyth: ace KOMMyHHCTiti^BCKMe 
iiarepn noxoww apyr na apyra SaicnKweHHbie aonwHbi 
BbiriM caMn crpoHTb ano ce6(i 6apaKii m MennyHKTbi, a 
sareu oSHocMTb 3TM noceneHvin orpaaoii us Konicjeti 
npoBOJiOKH, nocjie lero k oxpaMe 3thx «noceneMiiM» 
npucrynaxin BoopyjKeHHwe oxpaHHMKM. 

BapaKi4 o6mhho b raKnx narepnx pacnonaranvicb b 
ueHTpe oTKpbiToro, ronoro npocrpaMCTBa, OKpyxeHHOro 

CT0pO)KeBblUM BblUJKaMli VI MKOfklMH pna^M" KOJIKIMeM 

npOBOnoKH, nepea Korcpyio MMoraa 6bi/i nponymen 
anenTpMHecKHw tok. B neKOTopbix narepnx «cnonb30Ba- 
jiM coCan, fieraaiuvix no ysttowy KOpviaopy ws Ko/ironeii 
npOBonoKM. B kbjicao" 6ap3KB d6w4HO Mornm pa3- 
MecTMTbcn flo 200 saKnio^eHHwx. cnaBiumx no ipoe Ha 
OTKHanbix Koi*Kax, paaaejiennbix y3K*iMn npoxoflawn. 

Cawoe pacnpocTpaMeHHoe HaKaiaHne satmioia- 
nocb B cneaytoiyeM: oBHaweHHoro sairnKweHHOro npH- 
BHSbiBanii * CTonSy HTaKoCTaannnw na uenbiHZieHbnoa 
conHuew, 4TD6bi oh crpaAan oxfonoaa, Maxaw « yKycoB 
HaceKOMbix. OxpaHHUKM womM noMecTWTb KSKoro-Hvi- 
Byab ynpBMua b tiapuep, rae oh CTpaaan 6bi ot oawHO'^e- 
CTBa, lecHOTbi M ayxoTbi, MomM ximuMTb ero cBmaaHHM c 
pOflHbiMH, pe3ico coKpaTMTb SMy nopUMW nwuiw unM 
noaaepmyrb )KecTOKHM noSoaM. 

OSbJHHo 3aKJiK}HeHHbix, 3aHkicjieHHbix a 3tvi soeniii- 
3iipoBaHHbie OTpnabi. iicnonb30Bann na 3eMnnHbix Hnw 
cenbCKoxosHMCTBeHHbix paSorax. Oxono 25000 wono- 
flbix nioAew, c rpyaoM BfiMCbiBaBUJHxCB e HOBoe couwa- 
nwcTH'^ecRoe o5mecTBo. npoujnMHepe3 sth noapasae- 
/leHMB narepR. Ommhuo HcKbepflo, npoeeaiuMii nexoTo- 
poe BpewB B TaxoM narepe b npoBMMUMH KaMaryaiS, rae 
pacnonaranHCb nafepn c caMHM cypoabiM pextuMow, 
paccxasbiaaST- «Hac, Monoflwx moaew. ornasnHBann 
npflMO Ha ynwuax, noaoBHwe oBnaaw npoaoflnnncb a 
Ka)KflOMropoaeHaiijeMCTpaHbi, HacHacmibHoaannxMBa- 
TH B noeaaa. aBToBycbi. rpysoBMKM, HaxoaMBujKecn noa 
oxpawoii BoeHHwx, yrpowaiome Hanpaannamux na nac 
ayna cbomx pyxeA. aaTOMaTOB m nMCToneToa. Hac npH- 
Bosunn Ha craaHOHw, rae aep^anii noa npHuenoM xpyn- 
H0Kann6epHbix nyneMeroe Hac oxpyxtanH co ecex cto- 
pOH nroTHwe uenw conaar, h BenM ohm ce6n nooTHOiue- 

HHK) K HBM TSK, CnOBHO Mbt 6binH BOeHHWM^ npeCTynHM- 

Kauvi. Ha arux craa^^onax k Hau o6paiuaniiCb c Kax^MM- 
TO CMexoTBopHbiMM M aCcypaHbiMM nosyHfaMH a COBep- 
lueHHo KOMMyHiflCTMHecxoM flyxe. Ho caMoe rnasHoe H3 
Toro, MTOHaMroBOpMnH.aaKmOHanocbBCOoSiueHMM.MTo 
Mb) npn5binM BMBCTo. rae M3 Hac 5yayTflenaTb HacTOH- 
ujHX nioaeM. H3 H3C, ceMHaauaTvineTHHX WHOUjeS v\ aeay- 
luex, KOTopbie ceimac nanniOTCfl oiBpocaMM xySMHCKoro 
oSiaecTea flanee HaMcoo5inMjiM, HTocpoxsannwHeMUfl 
Ka)Kaoro H3 Hac 3apaHee ne onpeaenen n ero npoflonxcH- 
TenbHocTb SyflBT 3aBnceTh OT noBeaeniin Kaxworo». 

VaHMiiaMii xax TtopeM. Tax m narepeiS womM craTb 
npeacrasMTenH acex cnoea naceneHnn. ho ocoSoe bhm- 



MaHne yaefinnocb cenmeHHHKaM, roMOcexcyanHCTaM h 
pasribiHHbiM «acoL|vianbHbiM» aneweHTaM. MxoTnpaBnn- 
nvi B narepn m ^ame Bcero Mcnonb30BanM na yBopxe 
caxapHoro TpocTHHxa wnw na noaroToaxe noneii k ceay: 
pa5oTann ohh eiKeaneaHO 6oree aecfin ^acoa a cyTXM. 
He HMCR cneunanbHwx opyauM Tpyaa: ohh cTpaaann or 
Heaoea^Htifi M ycTanocTM h Bceraa HaxoAMnncb noA 
Haa3opoM Boopy)KeHHO(i oxpaHbi. 3a BbinofiHeHMeM 
MOpM BwpaBoTKH cTporo cnea,v\^v\ apwewcKne ocpMuepbi, 
a jaxnoHeKHbie 5bmM o^enb aanHTepecoBaHbi b tom, 
i4To6bi BbinonHMTb HnM aa^e nepeebinonHHTb 3tm npo- 
KnflTweHopMW, n0T0MyHTO3To5bineanHCTBeHHbiM nyrb 
K TOMy, MTD6bj nonyMMTb paspeiueHHe Ha ca^aHite c 
poaHbtUM MnH HHCTb HewHOTO Bonbujyio nopurno nmaM. 
no3T Xoce MapHO 5w/i apecTosaH b 1966 r. 3a 
nySnuxauwo npoM3BefleHmii, we cooTBeTCTByioiuMx nop- 
Maw counei/incTw^ecKOM stmkh. Oh npoee/i BoceMt we- 
cnuee b BoeHHakipoaaHHOM noapaaaanenkiH nouoiaH 
npon3BOaCTBy B npoBUHunn KaMaryaii, a caMOM uewrpe 
HOCTpoaa oBo6oabi», m tbk onucbjaan caoii cpoK saxnio- 
4eHHfl: sjlarepb npeacraennn co6oii npocTpancTBo wei- 
pOB nflTbAeCBT B AnwHy M TptvmaTb b lunpHHy, na koto- 
poM cTOnnn SapaxM, noxojKne na Te, mto ctoht b nioSoM 
KOHueHTpauMOHHOM narepe. noa KpbiujauM Sapaxoa 
naxoannwct. aayxsTaxHwe cnanbHwe MecTa, npeacTaa- 
xiRBUJtie co6oH noaBeiueHHbie na cTBonax aspeabes 
raMaKiiM3fl)KyT0BOHTKaHii. B naiueM narepe 5wnoscero 
aea Bapaxa, a npH axoae Haxoanncs weanyHxr... rae 
5faino oBopyaoeaHO nyncMeTwoe rneaao' Boxpyr narepn 
luno orpa>wieHMe na xoniOHeii npOBonoKH bwcotoiS b 
nonTopa-asa MeTpa Oko/io axoaa a narepb Haxoannncb 
oBmecTBenHbie lyaneTw, CTo/ioean. k/xhb h Aymeswe. 
ffiyHKunOHMpoaanH 3th flymeBwe TaxnM oBpaaoM: noxa 
oaHn aaxniOHeHHMe Murwcb, apyrne flon«Hbi fewnn xa- 
Maxb py^xy nacoca, mto6w aoaa TOKna ro Tp/6aM Kasap- 
ua HaiuMx oxpawHHKOB pacnonaranacb Meway aaywa 
6apaKaMM,rAe>Knnny3HMKn. Bee MamnoxpaHHMKii6binM 
xaapOBbiMH BoeHHbiMM, M He pnaoBWMvi, a see i^MenM 
o0MuepCKHe M yHTep-ocpimepcKHe 3BaHi*H: HauM ko- 
MaMAoaanw xanpa/iw, oawH cepwani n oahh KanwTaH, 
BOT OH-To lA 6bin KOMBHaaHTOM Haiuero narep$i. Dpti 
Bxoae B narepb encen orpoMHbivi nnaxar, na KOTopoM 
Sbino Ha^epTaHO: "Tpya caenaer eac nK)abMvi". 3tot 
no3yHf aacraaiin mbhh scnoMHWTb noSMy CaribBaTope 
KBa3MWoao. cTaaiuero naypearow Ho6eneBCKO« npe- 
MMM. - B To^ no3Me xax paa ynoutiHanCR neHanbHo 



.ii i i i 




CauodenbHbiu nnanam. napucoeaHHbiO aaK/roveHHtiMU 



•wii'ktnaMa 



M 



^ IPACHOE KOUfCD 



3HaMeHMTbiM no3yHr, yKpamaBUHiii sopoia oflHoro n3 
HeMSLiKMx narepeki: "Tpya flenaei c6o5oaHWM". Ocho- 
BOii Ann bcbk 3tiiii npnatiBoe h /lOsyHros 6bina tbk 
HasbieaeuaR v\asonoriip Hoaoro ^enoseKa. Hac xorefii^ 
sacTasMTb ocosnaTb m npn3HaTb cboio Bnny nepe;i o5me- 
CTBOM, Hac xorenM sacTaBHTb noHOTb. hto mm nsrineMCF) 
oTSpocawM o5mecTBa n 4to xywe 3Toro HMMero ho MOJKei 
6biTb, MaM BHyiiia/iM, hto ponb rex. kto Mac oxpaHs/n. 
cocTonna b tou, '^toSbi caefiarb Hac 'HOBbiMM moAbMH", 
nepesocfiHTaTb Hac n sepHyTb Hac. y>Ke o6HOBJieHHbix, b 
oBinecTBo... 

CpeAM Mac Koro Tonb«o ne Gbano: k cBUflexeriH 
tIeroBbi. M npocro KaToni4Kii-MvipnHe, k CB9i\nennviKA. h 
roMoceKcyaniicTbi, no 6binn m niOflM. KOTopwe bobcb hs 
6binii roMOceKcyanncTawH, ho KOTopwx no4eMy-To co- 
MJ1M cnmuKOM -weHCTseHMbtMn'. HaxoflH/iMCb cpeflM Mac 
u ^^I1eHbl pas/THHHbi!! kvShhckhx ceicT CpeflM Mac Sbino 
MHoro Herpoe. ecTpei*a;iMCb HacTonmiie npecTynHMKM- 
pemnai^BHCTbi, HO 6bino vi neManc msjikhx BopHuieH. 
nennaujMxcn BbixOAuauti M3caMbix pasHbix cnoeB oSme- 
CTsa, name acero nonaaanncb npocro acomianbHbie 
aneueHTbi. MaprMManbi,o6BiiHeHHbieBcoBepujeH»iHfice' 
ro nrnub Me/iKMx npociynKOB it npaaoHapymeHHii, sa 
KOTopwe OHM He AODKHw 6wnii aaxte npeficraTb nepefl 
cyflOM, npocTO 6eAHHKM, "rpoAyxrbi o6mecTBa"... Who- 
me m mux cranii «epTBaMn aohocob, '^anie Bcero aHO- 

HHMHblX, - CO CTOpOHbl '^^eHOa K3P, TO eCTb 'KOMMTeTOB 

saiAMTw peBoniOLiMH" HenOTopbie Aawe ne SHanii. none- 
My 0Ka3a/i^cb TaM, 3a KaKyio npoBiiHHocTb. BbinH cpeA^ 
saKJiiOHeMMbix M OHeHb MoroAbie, ner ujecTHaALtaiH- 
ceMHBAMaTM or poay. Kopone rOBopn, to Swna oweHb 
pasHopOAHan, pa3H0LijepcThan ny6riiKa...u 

O4>MMMa/ibH0 BOeHH3t^poB3HHbie noApasAcneHtin 
noMOmvi npoit3BOACTey ce^'^ac yxce npeKpaTMr^ caoe 



cymecTBOBaHne B AencTBHTerbHocTM we Ky6nHCKiie 
anacTM nacTO AOBonbCTBoaaTmcb tcm. uto npuKaawaa- 
nH cHUTb c BopoT )Ke/ie3Hyio Tae/iMMKy c yKaaaniieM 
HaaeaHkin narepn. y6paTb orpaxcAeHHn m KOnioMeti npo- 
BOnoKH tt cTopojueBbie BbimxH. a hotom TaKoii spOAe 5bi 
o^HUHanbHO nMKB^AHpoBaHHbiH narepb npoAonwan 

[by H « l«1 C H K pO BSTb , 

Mepe3 narepn npouina flOBonbHO snaMHTe/ibHafl 
ijacTb MacefisHHR cTpaHw npwMew nonaaanvi lyaa ne 

TOTIbHOB3pOCnbieMy)IMMHbl. HO M weHLlJMHbl ^ nOAPOCTKM, 

HanpHMep, e narepe b rioTocM b patiOHe BMKTOpnji-Ae- 
jiac-Tynac b 1966 r, naxoAnnocb okojio 3000 weninwH. 
npH^eM noriMTHHecKHx h yroroBHbix coAepwanM awecTe 

HenoAaneity ot CaHTturo-fle-nac-Berac a narepe 
ApKO-MpHc {4T0 osnanaeT "PaAyra») coAepwianM norTo- 
pbi Twcn^M noApocTnoB; b narepe Hy3Ba-BnAa {<(HoBan 
xM3Hb») Ha lOfo-BOCTOKe ocTpoaa Towe TO«iiniiicb co- 
eceM MonoAbie jiioah. 3 b paSone naxioca cyiuecTeoBan 
rarepb 3/ib-KannTOJino and wanenbNHx aeTeii a B03pa- 
CTe aecBTH neT. 

Ho narepfl c cawbiu crporMw pewMMOM naxoAnnvicb 
e npOBMHLjHM OpueMTe, B 30-e ro^bi b narepe 3jib- 
MawSn HenoaanSKy ot KaMarysn HacHHTbiaanocb OKono 
3000 3aKnK)^eHHbix. SypHoii cnasoiS nojibSoaancB m na- 
repb CH60HeM, TBK K3K TaM 5binn oco6eHho BbicoKne 
sarpaxtfleHHd m3 KOnoHeii npoBonoKti m oco6eHHo arwe 
coSaKH. 

Kpynnwe crpoiiKii, na KOTopbix b ochobhom 6binn 
saHRTbi 3aKiiK)<^eHHbie, aaKOHcepaitpoeanvf b Hanane 
90-X rOAOB. HO y3HMKH TIOpeM M HO Cei* ABHb npoAonjKaiOT 
npuHHMaTb y^acTHe b ce/ibxo3pa5oTax, b oco6eMHocTM 
Ha cacjjpe, xax Hasbisatoi c5op ypowan caxapHoro Tpoc- 
THMKB. CeroflMfl Ha Ky6e HacHHTbiaaeTcn onono 100 000 
saicniOHeHHbix (b Tiopbusx vi narepnx BuecTe). 



Xecyc SPHAHflEC Ke/iap 



KYEA: UEHA MHAKOMblCJIkiq 



KyStiHCKHfl 8pa<< Xynvio Ahtohho flep6a nowan pyKH 
conoaTau paccTpenbHOM KOMaHAbi. cxasaa. ^to npoma- 
eTMM eroyS^HCTso. KorAa pa3Aan3CbKDMaHAa«oroHb!». 
OHycne/iabiKpMKHyTbripOKnflTMeKOMMyHi43My. EroTeno, 
npnBB3aHHoe k AepesuHHOM/ cronSy, 6e3)KH3HeHH0 no- 
HHnno. CeKyHfloii no3)«e npoaayMan KOHTponbuwH bwct- 
pen B roJioey 

B OAHOM M3 KKpyroan TaK Ha3biBaeMbix «o6pa3L)o- 
Bbtx TtopewB na Mcna Aenb riMHoc (3aKnio'^eHHbie nasw- 
BanM TiopeMHbie xopMAopbi 4(KpyraMM» ne ToribKo us-aa 
KpyrnoM 0opMbi 3p,aHVia) KyKO MyHbes m ApManAO Ban- 
/laaapec pa3roBapb«BarM, cTon y aeepeii nauepbi 35. 
KorAa MMMO HHx nponeTena MenoeevecKan (^urypa m 
pyxHyna Ha 6eT0HHbiki non 3Ta><ou Hnjne. 3to 6biji Xecyc 
flonec Kyasac, 8 npwcTyne OTMasHbH oh 6pOcnncn c 
^eTsepToro 3Ta)Ka m QasQuinca nacMepTb. 

rieApo JlyHC BoMTeiib, fibiBiuHvi KaHAMAai Ha nocr 
npeanASMTa *eflepanM*i cryfleHTOB ynnBepcHTeTOB, no- 
naran, hto noAM AorsHw 6opoTbcn 38 yBa;KeHMe x ce6e 
nio6MMH cpeACTsaM)i. HaxoAnmttMt)Cfl b hx pacnopniKe- 
HMM. BMscre c HecnonbKMMH saKJiKDMeHHtiMM OH Haian 
cyxyio ronoAOBxy b HaAe>Kfle npwBneHb BUHwaMne mbw- 

AyHapOAHOM OQuteCTBeHHOCTVI. 



Oh yMep ot oSeaeoKMBaHUH 24 
Man 1972 fOfta, nocne 53 ah©" rono- 
AOBKH B KySwHCKOM ThOpbMe. 3to 6bina 
ywe He nepsan ero ronoAOBKa. 

MapHO 4aHec ApMacy noBeano 
nepewMTb a^. Ho 30 ner ero xhshh 
5binM yKpaAenw pewKMOM Kacrpo. 
6poci4BiuMM ero b TiopbMy. necuoTpn 
Ha TO 4T0 Hanec ApMac 6bin cpeAi^ 
Tex, KTo BMecTs c "PHAenew KacTpo 




rjedpo flyuc 
EoOmsnb 



ujTypMOBan xasapubi MoHxaAa b C3HTbnro-Ae-Ky6a 26 
Mionfl 1953 roAa, necMOTpn na to ^^to oh 6wn oahhm V13 
HnenoB OTpflAa, BbicaAnauierocn c sxtu «rpa«Ma6 b 
npoBUHMHH OpHCHTe B 1 956 rOAy Ann Hanana Boopywen- 
Horo BoccraHMJi npoTHB renepana OyjibxeHcwo BaTHcxbi, 
6bin ysHUKOM SaTHcroBCxOH TeuHMUbi, ms kotopoh ero 
0CBo50flHna no6eAa PeeonwMim 1959 roAa. 

«H HMKOrfla HS oiuymaio HeHaBHCTH hjih ncaxAW 
MecTH K KOMy-nn6o, n Hwnorfla Bw ne cMor 5biTb cyAbefl 
Mni4 o6BtiHMTeneMa, - lanaiAii Hanec ApMac b MHTepebO 
>KypHany aCONTACTOn Oh HaxoAnncd b TtopbMe c 
Mionfl 1961 no iiionb 1991 rofla. no o5BHHeHHK) a noAro- 
TOBKe noKymeHMH na xcHSKb ntiAepoB pewMMa Kscrpo. 



'KAPTA- M 3a« KM 



^ OENTAEMbli DCTPOB 



7S 



BbiBUJMvi aaiLfitOHeHMbiiii yTBepwaaej. ■^to HHKorfla 
He 5bin ^jieMOM opraMMsaunn i*nM rpynnw, nwTaemeiicn 
y5nTb KaKoro-nii6o nonHTtmecKoro nMflepa. 

B CBoeii KHHre «Ky6a: mhcJ) h flei4cTBMTenbH0CTb» 
couHonor fl»(oaH KnapK yTsepJUflaeT. hto HaMSoJibiuee 
HHcno nofiMTimecKMx saioiioMeHHbix, KOTopoe Kyfia nMe- 
na la bcw cboo ncTopmo"? - npHS/iMMTenbHO luecTbfle- 

CHT TWCflM - npHXOflMTCJt HS 60-6 FOflW XX BSKa. 

HaaecTno, uto bo BpeMn aropxeHMfl e aanwae Kohm- 
Hoc B anperie 1961 roaa 6onee era Tbica^ (!) KyQiiHueB 
ewnii 6pomBMbi b nopbMw, cneiuHO nepeo5opyflOBaH- 
Hbie H3 CTaflnoHOB, liJKon v\ TeaipOB. 3to nendnocb 
npeaynpeflHTenbHOM wepoii, HanpaBneHHoii npOTMB no- 
nwTOK BHyTpeHHSii KOHTppesonouuM 

Bo BpeweHa, npeAi^ecTBOBaBiuMe peMHwy Kacrpo. 
caMoe Sofibiuoe hhctio no/ikiTH^ecKHx sannio^eHHbix 
6bino a nepnofl flmaarypw reHepana Xepapao Ma^aflO 
(1929-1933 IT), Kor^a OKono nnTH Twco^ MneHoe onno- 
SMUHMebjnutaaitrioyeHbiBTfflpbMbi.BoBpeMaAMKTaTypbi 
EarnCTw (1952-1958 rr.) b Ky6nHCKMx -nopbMax HaxoflM- 
nocb OK0J1O nHTMCOT no/iHTHHecKMx aawnoneHMbix. 

«CeMHac Syay yjttHMaTb: cnaferrn c KanbMapawM, 
luOKonaflHbiii aecepi no-manfanHCKM m, a flononneHne x 
CBexenpuroTOB/ieHHOMyKOtfce, - 0TnM4naBCMrapa Te6e 
He aaBHflHO?.. Koraa noyrpy saropaio b mopiax h omy- 
maio BerepoK, flyromMti c Mopn, mhb Ka*eTCB, hto a 
HaxD)Kycb Ha nnawe .. TaK mshh Moryr sacraBMib noae- 
pMTb. HTo ji B ornycKft! Hto 6bi cxasan Kapn MapKC o 
TSKOM peBonioi4W0Hepe''»' 

Bbiiuenpk^BefleHHan muaTa - m3 nucbMa, HanHcan- 
Horo (Puflerew Kacrpo b to apeMU, Korfla om naxoRinncH 
B aatrnwHeHHn b «o5pa3MoaoMB TtopbMe Mcna aent flM- 
Hoc, npHroBopeHHWii k 15 roaaM impbMbi 3a opranMsa- 
Uiiio BOOpyiKeHHoro HanaASHtiia hb KasapMbi MoHKaaa. a 
pesynbtaie Koroporo nocrpaaa/io oko/io era ne/ioeen. 
Kacrpo M ero copaTHViKw orSbuin M3 cbomx cpOKoe TontKO 
HyTb 6o;ibiije 20 Mecfluee m 6wnn ocB06o)KfleHbi no 
aMHMCTMM renepanoM BaTHcroii. 

xflvip noOeAMTeneM" 

Pacnpaew HaA npOTUBMHKawH Kacrpo HaManwcb c 
nepBbix flnei^ nocne noSeflw peBonmuHM. 

nepBWMH xepiaaMM pe^wMa Kacrpo crarn bobh- 
Hwe - cTOpOHHMKM reHfipafia Oyobxencwo EaTwcTbi. 
BonbiuHHCTBO /3 HMx BbinM xasHeHbi no HeflOKasaHHWM 
o5onHeHiinM a npecrynneHunx, conepiueHHhix ao speMB 
6paToy6niiCTBeHHOii bohhw, ByiiieBaBmeii na Ky6e c 
flexaBpB 1956 no fleKaSpb 1958 rofla. 

«no Bcewy ocrposy aeiScTBOBann paccrpenbHbie 
KOMaHflw. HweHHO a to apeMd KanHTBH Ahtohmo Hyhtec 
XMMenec npOBOsrnacwn. hto roa 1961, panee o5i.oB- 
neHHwiii KaK Toa o6pa30BaHnn", Byaer nasaah Toaom 
PaccTpenoB'. M 3t/ cnoaa crann npopo^ecnnMM* , - 
nuiueT B cfloeii xnnre «HaaeBCb aonpeKM BceMyn 6biB- 
lum saxniOHeHHbiii Apwanao Barnaaapec, npoBeaiDHki 
a KacTpoBCKHX TKipbuax 22 roAa- 



• Hepeeod nucbua npueodumcn no KHuae TepouiecKafi sno- 
nm. OmMoHKBdbidonnB0f-XtjpOH'(M.,nonumu3daw. 19B0) 
UttmepecHO conocmmumb c dpyeuu nucbinoM us miopbMb'. 
"Bc6 H«o6xoduuae y weHfl manepb uMsamcw, u daixe caBpf 
Heo6xoduuoao Caow uuHepaPbHyn aodya nony^an u sdech. 
MHB npuHoctim SB U3 antV0Ku e mom ms dam-, kbk aaxanry" 
BnaduMup VnbfiHoe - cecmpe W96 sod- {Hpuu nap.) 



Paynb Kacrpo, 6bi8iiiMH b to epeMn rnaBHOKOMan- 
aytomHM BO0py*eHHbiMM cMnsMH. aaoBun, wxo «Miicno 
paccTpenHHHbix npHXBOCTneii flviKTaTopa ne npeBwiuaeT 
400 nejiOBenn, nwen b Bnay aoeHhwx h rocyaapcTseH- 

HblX 4MHOBHHK0B HpeXHeTO pe)K«Ma. 

Dpasaa cocTOHT b tom, 4to tohhob Ko/iMnecTBO 
nKJACH, xaaneHHbix no nonMTWMecKiiM MOTweaM sa noc- 
neAHwe 40 ner KySuMCKOM mctophh. Hew3BecTHo. h see 
CBeaeHUfl oTHocviTenbHO Kasneii nanntoTCn crporo cbk- 
peTHwwn KasHM npoAOnwawTcn n no ceii aenb. 

Konii>jecTBo MKnaccosbix BparoB» pesKo hoackohm- 
no B ant* BTOp»KeMMw B 3a/iMBe CakiHeM {anpent 1961 
rofla), KoraaTbicn4MKy5iinue8 6bmn SpoiueHbi anarepsi 
\A TOpbMw. Oahhm m3 hux 5w/i Saah Kappepa. o5BMHeH- 
ubiA 8 MnonbiTKB BoopyjuewHoii noaaepwKH saxaai^ii- 

KOB». 

B re a"n Kappepa BBnfl/icn KoopanHaTOpOM Xpuc- 
TviaHCKoro fleMOKpaiMHeCKoro flBiimeHwn b npoanHumi 
raaana. Oh npoaen b TiopbMe 16 rei. 

Kappepa BcnoMiiHaeT caMue Tnittenbie uoMeHTbi, 
KOTopbiM OH 6bifi cBMAeTeneM BO BpeMfl cBoero aonroro 
TiopeMHoro3aKJiK)HeHMfl. paccTpe/iw, nbrrxa HcJjanbujM- 
BbiMii paccTpenaMMB, KorAa TiopeMiunKM Hcno/ibsoaanM 
xonocTbie naxpoHbi, wecToxMe n35neHns' sa oTKa3 nonn- 
TMHecKHx saxniO'JeHHbix Hocun. cuhkjio yHMtfopMy yro- 

nOBHUKOB, nOCTOflHHWe 06blCKM B KaMepaX, BO BpeMfl 

KOTOpbix Ka«Abiii pas 3aKnio4eHHbiM yrponanM opyjKW- 
eui. ronoaoBKM, y6niicTaa saimioHeHHbix e naMepax vi 
MHoroe Apyroe. 

«fl He 4yBCTByio x mohm TtopeMmnKaw hm neHaBMC- 
TM, HH jKanoCTH, Beat nyixHO nMeTb a anay. ^to mhofhb 
H3 HMx 6binn aScoJiiOTHO HeBewecTaeHHWHH rwabMH, 
noMTH A^^KapPMH », — ecnoMMHaex 6biBiiinM saitnioueH- 

HblA. 

«fl rxaMff/ cnpaBeanHBoro cyAa, ho ne xony Mec- 
Tn. Beab OHM. Kax vi ubi, MMenH waTepeti. sen, aeTeiis. 
-AD6aB/ifleT Kappepa. 

HaHBc AG ApMac pacCKasbiaaeT o cawo* weCTOKOft 
ncuxonorn^ecKOM nwTKe. npon30djeaiuei* b xySuHCKHx 
nonHTMHecxHx iKJpbwax a XX BBKe. 

ftCpaay nocne BOSflyiuHoii araKH 15 anpenn 1961 
roaa, npeaLiiecTBoaaaujefi Bwcaaxe b 3annae CanHefi, 
6binii 3aMMMnpoBaHt.i ece Hecyiune onopbtriopbMbi Mc/ia 
aenb riHHOC. c IBM iiT05bi, a c/iynae nonuTKH ocbo6o5K- 
afiHHfl saKnKD^eMHbix MnH nanana BoeHHwx ae^cTBHiS 
apMMM CLUA. 6wno yHMHiowBHo 6onee 6000 saKn^neH- 

HblX». 

«Mbi omymanM ceSfl. kbk npno«3aMHbie k 6oi«e c 
nopOXOM... y HeXOTOpblX ntOABM. HbH HepBbi oxasaiiMCb 




Kpe.-iocmb Ha KaSaHbfi. npeepemennaa t -.„—:■,■ 



awwkvlaiirg 



n 



^ KPACHDE IDMD 



'LAS GAVETAS- DE CASTIGO 




imtm^tam0m.$r9n t aiMi**trmmi matmm§ far* itm ttt4tt 

M Mi mM JM ■*■*>< ■■■#■!■ m i M* f my*» *i#*c* tmB* ir 



KapuBp s Ky^uHCKdi^ miopbMe. 



Mecnoco6Hbi nporweocronrb orofi nwTKe, ncMxn^ecKan 
TpasMa ocTanacb Ha bco )*(ii3Hb... Bwno HeBbiHocHMo 
flyMaTb, HTo B nK>6ofl mombht reSn momst pasHecrvi Ha 
Kno<^Kii». - paccKaawBaeT HsKec ApMac. 

BspuBHaTKa 6bina ySpana »i3 TiopbMbi TonbKO noc- 
ne OKOHHaHMR KapM6cKoro KpvisMca (OKTfiQpb 1 962 rOAa.) 

CrOMKOCTb 

XapaicrepHbiM ano norMrmecKHx aannioi^eHHwx, 
gpoiueHHBix KacTpo b TopbMbi cpaay nocne noSeAbi 
pesonraunH, Bwno to. 4to ohh OTxasbiBajincb nocHTb 
CHHMe po6b) yronoBHbix aaxnio'^HHtiix. Pacnnaroii sa 
3To6birnittn3M<<ecKiie h MopanbHbie nbiJKv\. Bpeay/ibra- 
Te B le^eHMe HecKo/ibKMX ner oae»«a wHorux no/iHTw- 

MBCKHK SaWltOMeHHblX COCTOJtna H3 OflHMX TpycoB 

BpeMewaMU anacTii npw6era/iM k nOMomn wacr©- 
poB 6oeBbLx eAMHo6opcTB, MTC]6bi npMHy;uiTb aaicniOMeH- 
HMX HOCMTb yronoBHyK) yHMCtiopuy. 

3AaH Kappepa BcnouMHaeT. KaK 3to npoMcxoAMno. 
Korfla OH orSbiBar cpoK e rpyflOBOM narepe b hpobhhumm 
rinHap flejib Pmo, 

oOhm npiABopyinyi nac noo^HDMy b nouemeH^e, rae 
HaxoA^HMCb npo4)eccHOHanbi-A3K)aoMCTbJ vi npviKasbi- 
ea/in HafleeaTb poBw. Tex. kto oTKaabiaancfl, wacTepa 
fl3ioflo ii36MBajiM yaapaMw pyK vi nor,., B peaynbTaxe 
MHome m Hac oxasbiBanHCb coBepiueHHo 6e3 ORexobi- 
c cepbesHbiMM noBpsMCAeHUflMM vinu nepenoMa^HbiMH 

K0CTHM11». 



3a BpeMn CBoero aawitOHeHun wepiBbi pe)KnMa Ka- 
crpo nepeHecTH pa3/inHHbie nwTKn y^ HaKaaanMn. Oahmm 
143 nio6iiMbix croco6oB HaKa33HMn 6bino pasMeiueniie UK 
B Tax HasbiaaeMbix (i6oKcax», KOTopue 6binM lumpmhom 4 
ipyra kiariMHOM 6 ctiyroB {1,24x1,66 ueipa). Oco6eHHo 

W3CT0 OHH MCnOnb30BanHCb B TIOpbMaX npOBbiHUMM OpM- 

enre. 

"SauiiOHeHMbie MornM HaxoA^Tbcn e hvk TOJibKo b 
no/iomeHMH Ha Konennx. Gra nbinta Afinnacb ndTb-iuecTb 
MecnueB». - paccKasbiBaer Kappepa. 

A>KoaH K/i3pK B CBOBM KHMre ynoMHHaeT ApyroH tmh 
KaMep. TaK nasbiBaeMbix kkpucmhux HOpn. o6opyflOBaK- 
Hbix e Tiopbue Jia KaQaHbn u MMeBujiix pasMep 7 hb 4 
(l)yT3(2.17x1.24 Merpa). AHanofuMHbie KaMepbj b Tiopb- 
Me BoHviaro HOCMnH HasBaH^e nlapiadas» (saropoaKM), 
ae raDaHCK0MTnpbMeKQw6MhaA0Aenb3cTe-HnpHMo- 
yro/ibHMKH cwepTMB. 

«>KecTot;ocTb TwpeMHOki cHcreMw pe)KMMa Kacipo 
nponannnacb raioKe b coAepitoHkiM saKniOMeHHbix b ne- 
penonneKHbix KaMepax h orpaHM^eKH^ MeA^u^HCKoii 
noMoiuH, oiKas b itpeAocraBneHviK Koropoli RBnnrcn 
OAHOH H3 A^citMnriMHapHbix Mep». - n^ujeT KnapK. 

KeHLijHHbt, nannsLUMecRCTopoHHMKauM onno3i4ij)iM. 
TaKxe nonaAariM b saK/iiOHeHHe. OAxa ti3 h>ix, Aoit^op 
AHMa J1. PoAP^rec, aarop kkhfm «AHeBHMK ocraBiuekicH b 
wwBHXB, npOBena b Ky5iiHCKnx sacreHKax 19 ner. 

HoBbie aaiuiioMeHHbie 

BonbuiMHCTBo saKJiKHSHMbixB 3T0T nepnoA nonynH- 
nv\ TwpeMHbie cpOKM CBbiiue 20 ner, GpnecTo flna3- 
Poflpurec, 6HBiuMii npo(J)coj03HbiM /maep h host, Sw/i 
0CBo6o)KAeH Ha rp^ wecnua paMbuje MaHeca Apuaca. 
3yceii5iione3anbBep.Boe8aBiuiiiS BOTpsAS Mereaapw 
eo BpewH Bo^Hbi c BaTHCToti, enoab bshji b pyK^ opyw^e 
nocne noSeAw Kacrpo m 6bin cxBaneH b rapax 3cKaM6- 
pan. 

Oh npOB6/i BTKjpbMe 28 c nonosHHoti nei m nanseT- 
cn npeACTasHTerieM Mepnokt pacu. nposeALUMu b saK- 





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CaMOderibHbiii nnSKam c 3u6neMO0 o6uiecmea 
nonumsannici-jeHHbsx uubhu riedpo flyuca BoQmenfi, 
nepedaHHbiu U3 KyGwciou miopbubi. 2001 a. 



■KAPTA- M3S-*) 20W 




QBNTAEMblH DCTPOB 



?I 



nonumsaKfiio^eHHbiu 3ddu 3mu/tuo roHsanec Mame 
B miopbMe 3a6onen myeepnynesou u sweMueO. 

Oomo 1996 soda 



jitoMeHMM no nonnTMnecKMM (i«)tmb3m caMbifi nonrwii cpoK 
{Ha TpM rofla flonbuie, mgm 6opeu npoTiiB anapTewaa h 
HWHeiuMMfl npeanABHT lOAP He/ibcOM MaMflena). 

Ywe Ka'^nMac c 70-x rofloe Ha Ky6e nonannMCb 
«HOBHe» nonMTvMecKwe aaK/iKweHMbie. Bnac™ ciapa- 
riMCb He flonycKart. nx coBMecTHoro pasMemeHiin h 
o6bnanfinti hobwx sawiKwenHbix «rni4aMM, noflneiKa- 
Li)i4MM nonHTWJecKOMy BOCcraHOBJieHmo*. 

Ho a Mae 1933 roaa, Kax nmueT e caoeii KHtire 
fljKoaH KrapK, fluccMfleHTw, ocyJweHHwe nocne 1979 
rofla, OTBepffiH «pea6nnHTauM0HHbiS nnana n Ha3Banii 
ce6n BHOBbiMM, HenpeKnoHHbiMHw nonMTiiHecKMMn aax- 
riKweHHbiMH, c ue/ibK) OTflennTb ce6B dt npeflwaymeti 
rpynnbi, win «MCTopnMecKMx» aaKnKweHHWx, KOTopwe, 
no MX yTBep)KfleHHio, nenniOTCfl Ann Hoaoro noKonenHH 
npMMepoM nonMTH^eCKoro flHCCHfleHCTaa. 

Me>i«yHapoaHan AMHucmq vt flpyme MeJuaynapoA- 
Hbie opraHHsauHH CMHTaoT, 4to Ha Ky6e eCTb yanviKH 
cosecTM CaMbie wsBecTHwe - epaq OcKap 3nnac Bhc- 
cer (Oscar Elias Biscet) n BnaflMwepo Pona (Vladimero 
Roca). 

B KOHue 1991 rofla noarecca MapMfi Ejiena Kpy3 
Bapena 6wna xtecTOKO MsSura y naepew CBoero flOMa. 
HanaflaBiuHe nuTanncb CMnow sacraBHTb ee ctecxb 



nucTb) SywarH, Ha KOTopbix ona nanncana n/Jetmapauwio 
npMHi4MnoB». B KOTopoM Tpe5oQana oTBnacT©M npefloc- 
laanTh KySMHCKoii HauiiM ceoSofly m flewoKpaTHKi. 

HaSmyio jKeHiynny nepeofleTwe a lijxaTCKoe co- 
TpyflHMKM MBfl aocTaBwnM b OTfleneniie roc6e3onacH0- 
CTM. Ona 5wna o6BiiHeHa a «pacnpocTpaHeHHM apajxec- 
KO^ nponaraHflbin. CnycTH ;iBa roaa, noa flaeneHMeM 
MexgjyHapoflHOii o6LuecTBeHH0c™, ee ocBoSoflnnn. 

«Ky6iiHCKne jKeHiuWHbi-noiiHTsaKJiKi'^eMHfaie sacny- 
wHsatOT, 4To6bi, Koraa Ky6a craHeT aeiicTBKTenbMO cbo- 
SoAHoti, MM ycTaHOBunH nawdTHMK, - roaopwr MaMec 
ApMac. - H no cew aenb nx MsSMBaioT w rtbiTawT b 

TIOpbMaxn. 

HaHMHafl c 1995 rofla, Koraa BOJHnimn oprawHsa- 
UMM «Ky6nHCKHM CoBSTJ" («ConcilJo Cubanc») n nABM*e- 
HMe HeaaBMCHMbix )((ypHanncTOBi>. MHOwecTBO aKTHBHc- 
TOB 3THX opraMnaauHii - npocpeccHOHajibHWX penopre- 
poB - 5bino apecToaaHO m Bwcnano H3 crpaHbi. 

B mOHe 1 997 roaa BnaflMMepo Po*a. (Pb/imkc BoHne 
KapKaccec, MapTa BeTapMc Pokb n Pene ToMeo Mansa- 
HO npeACTaBMnM KoppecnoHAeHTaw nHOcrpaHHoti npec- 
cw, aKKpeAMToaaHHbiM Ha Ky5e, flOKyMenT nofl BasBawH- 
eM «La Patna Es de Tottosn [wPoflWHa npHHaanewnT 
Bcewn). Mecnu cnycrw Bce ohm ewnii apecTOsaHbi m 
BpoiueHbi B TWpbMy, PoKa - na nffTb ner, Bohhc m FoMec 
-Ha '^eTwpe h Poks - na rpw roaa. 

CornacHo cooBmeHHo iirpynnw a noaaep)«Ky Ky- 
6nHCitoro CoBeras, oSmee ■ronHuecTBo saKjiio'JeHHbix a 
Ky6MHCKMx TiopbMaK npeawmaeT 275000 MenoseK, 

BflnwcpaBHeHMH, McnanHB, nMeoiaafl oKono40000 
saKnioMeHHHx a cbomx TopbMax. cMHTaercH crpaHOw c 
cawbiM BwcoKUM KonMHecTBOM 3aKni04eHHbix. Ho Hcna- 
HHH HMeei Hacenenne b 40 MMnnMOHoa 4enoBeK», - 
nuiueT B CBoeti CTaibe noA HaaaaHneM wOcrpoB )Kene3- 
Hbix peiueTOK>>. pacnpocTpaHeHHOM nepea HHTepHex, 
Pyaonbttio roHsanec roHsanec. nnen aPpynnbi a noA- 
AepjKKy KySuHCKoro CoBeTa». 

oKyGa c HacenentieM b 1 1 MnH. nenoaeK nepNcviT b 
■nopbMax 6onee 275 TbicdM aaKnioMeHHbix. 4To 3KBWBa- 
neHTHo no4Tn BceMy riopeMHOMy HaceneMnto BBponeti- 
cKvixcTpaHCeesyuema SbieuiezoCCCP ~npuu.nep.l». 
- AoCaanneT Pyflonb<t>o roH3anec, 

•OrBparnTenbHO BHASfb, KaK rnaBw HeKOTopux ro- 
cyAapCTB npnaercTayioT Kacrpo. fl yaapeH. 4to tfcpaKuy- 
3bi. HanpuMep, ne xorenw 6bi MMSTb e caoeiS CTpane 
nonMTMHecKHii pexMM, noAo6H0 Ky6wHCK0My», - pa3- 
Mbiiun«eT HaHBC ApMac, 

ripouHTHpyeMApMaHAoBannaAapeca: wMe/iOBex- 
cawoe HyAecHoe coaaaHne npMpoflw. noABepraa ero 
nwTKaM. paapyman ero jKMSKb, npecjieAyf efo sa aepy, 
abc He npocTo Hapyujaexe npasa nenoBeKa - ew coaep- 
luaeTe npecrynneHHe npOTMB acero 4enoBeMecTBa». 

)KypHan «CONTACTO» 
nepeaofl c McnaHCKoro: Bn. XonMoropcKMJi 



M Bce OHH 6yflyT CTpeMMTbCfl y6MTb Te6fl, MTeOMxnpyaeR, nTBoeneno, noTowy ito .. BaxoMMMpe 
Me 3MattiT apyrux cnocoSoB nepey6e)KAaTb HHaKOMwcnnmnx... 

ApKSAHH H EopHC CTpyrauKHe -06MTaeMbiM ocTpOB» 



www ham oig 



» 



4 KPACHOE XDJIECI 



Ot pe^aKUHH: 

B 1960 r. 23-neTHHH wHCneKTop 6aHKa, ApManflo 
6a/ijnaaapec. Gun opoiueH 8 Tiopbuy 33 OTKas noueHnrb 
CBoiinonnriinecKMenpe/iMrvio3Hbiey6e>KaeHM«noflaaB- 
neHHew pe>KHMa Kacrpo. Bannaaapeca ocyannM na 30 
jieTKaK «KOHTppeBoniOMMOMepa»TojibK0 3a to, 4ToonMe 
cran pasMemaTb Hafl cbohm ctohom nnattar: «Ecnii *«- 
fle/ifa- KOMMyHwcT, TO n rowe. Ero MfleM no6eAflTtt. Ba;i- 
/laAapcc 3aciBMJi, ^to hc noAACp'MiBBeT KouMyHHau 
KacTpo 

3a ero necTHocTb h xpa6pocTb oh 6bifi 6poiijeH b 
ne^afibHO SHaMeHiiTyKi Ky5nHCKyio TiopbMy Ha ocTpOBe 
riMHoc. rae coflepwancB b y;*acnbix ycnosHflx. 3a 22 
rofla, npoBefleHHbie tbm, Bannaaapec HeoflHOKparHO 
6bm CBHfleTeneM cwepTw cboux roeapHmeiS: oa"" yMW- 
pann Mopa/ifaHO. apymx ySnaann 0H3iiMecKH, Oh npn3bi- 
aan y3HMK0B riHHOca he oTKaswaaTbcn otcbohx y5e>Kfle- 
HMH H aepbi B Bora. Barnaflapecy nDTpe6oBa/iacb nc- 
untOHHTenbHan ciuia ayxa arn conpoTMBneHtin naeono- 
rmeCKoii oSpaSoTKe 

«fln« Menn OTcrynHimecTBO Sbino 6bi Ay^osHtiM 
caMoySMJScTBOM. rioKa n 6bin b TwpbMe, HMiao ne MOr 
nocnrnyTb na moio cBoOoay, oHa Boo6ine He Mecro fl/in 
i<bKx-To ManeBpOB. Ha Ky6e wnoro ntoaeii, nOTopbie 
Moryr math Kyaa asAywaeTcn. ho ohm He CBofioaHbi. fln" 
wena 3th roflw - 8000 Aweii rojiOAa, nocroHHHbix H36m- 
enwii, Twwenoro Tpyaa, oanHOnecTBa b Kamepe, 8000 
aneii 5opb6bi 3a Menoae^ecKoe aoctomhctbo, 8000 AHeii , 
KOToptoieflOKasajiM. hto woii ayx mojkbt oaepmaTb no5e- 
ay Haa HCToiaewneM h Bonbio, 8000 a»ei\ McnuTaHUH 

WOfiH Bepbl, 6opb6bl C HSHaBblCTblO. KOTOpytC MOH ajsvi- 

CTbt-TK}peMLuMKM nbiTantiCb npHBHTb MHe c Ka;tvibiM yxo- 
J10M (iJTbixa. 8000 AHSM 6opb6bi aa to, htoSu n he cTan 

TaKHM. KaK OHHM. 

BuecTo npomeHMH BajinaAapec nMcan noauy, ko- 
TOpan 6biJia Ta^no SbJBeseHa ^3 cTpaHu h usaaHa b 
Eapone. BnarOAapRaToS ny6nMt(auMH OHCiancaMbiM 
M3BecTHbiM ySHHKOM coeecTM Ha Ky6e h npwBneK sHMua- 
HUB (tpaKuyaCKoro npeaimeHTa OpaHCya MurrepaHa, 
KOTopwk^ coaeHCTBOBan ocboSojkabhhio Bajina;iapeca 
B 1982-M. noMor Hsaarb KH^ry ero soonouMHaHMM h 
CTvixoB nContra toda esperanza»(«HaAencb BonpexM 
BceMyn) H npOBOflHn KaMnaHnio no ocsemeHmo Tstjxe/io- 
ro nonomeHvm non^Tk^'^ecxHx saKrioieHHbtx hb Ky6e. 

B 1 987 roay, Koraa ApwaKBO Bannaaapec 6bin 
HaaHaHBH npesMaeHTOM PoHaribaoM PeiiraHOM, npoHw- 
TaBiUHMeroKHHry, npeACTaanTeneMCoeaHHeHHbixLUTa- 
TOB B KoMMCCHM no npaBdM HenoBBKa OOH. ewy yaanocb 
ySeaHTb npoaecTM nocjneaooaHH« TiopeMHOii cucreMbi 
Ha Ky6e m oSHapOAoeaTb caHaeTe/ibCTsa ee yjKacamme- 
rococTonwMn, BcnoMHHaHOCBoeMTOBapniue.AOBeaeH- 
HOM B TiopbMe AC caMoy6MucTBa. Bannaaapec cKaaan: 
«Uu ao;i»CHbi BOKTM B KaMepy xawAoro TaKoro (DepnaHao 
/loneca aenb Topo ao aceM MHpe, noKaaajb cboki 
conviaapHOCTb h cKaaart mm 'Hmkto ne othmmst saujy 
xcM3Hb. EcTbniOA»i. )!OTopbie xoTflT eaM noMO^b Baiue 
iienoBe'^ecKoe aocto^ihctbo noSeanT"», 

ApMaHaoBan/iaaapecnpoAonjKaeTgopOTbcn npo- 
me pe)KMMa KacTpo, oh biviiomh/i b HOBoe MsaaHHe KHMm 
"Haaencb aonpeRw BceMyn wcTopmo 10-neTHero 3niia- 
Ha roHsaneca, kbk nonMTH^ecKoro saKmoneHHoro, 6ec- 
coaecTHO iicnonb3yeMoro Kacrpo a cbomx no/iKTii^ecimx 
qennx. Ha neaaBHeM ahb pomjieMHH Majib4nica, BWCTy- 



ARMANDO 

VALLADARES 




Contra Toda 
Esperanza 



UN TESTIMONIO ALLCINANfE 
DE LA.S {'KISI(>.\t>; DC L'ASl KU 



nap napea yMenHKaMH MfiaaiuMx unaccoB, Kacipo 6MThJX 
ABa »jaca npon3nocMn ro/iMTMHecKyio THpaay npoTMB 
CUJA 

Ban/iaaapec o6paiuaeTcn raioKe k pennrno3HWM 
riHaepaM, KOTopwx OAypaMnrn neabie h Kacrpo, «B re- 
MeHMe MHorMK neT. Haaenct aacrasHTb Hac OTKaaaxbcn 
or aepbi ki ntiiUHTb Hac MOpanbHoii onopu, Ky6MHCKHe 
KOMMyHMCTw HsoAKoxpaTHO ncnoiibsoBann aaBBnsHHn 
HBKOTOpbix npeacTBBitTeneA aMepuKaHCHOu xpHCTMaHc- 
KOii uepKBH, Ka)Kab)i4 pas, KOraa aAuepHxe MaAasanacb 
GpoujKipa, B KOTopOM CBRiueHHMK noAaep>KHeari a^ktb- 
Typy, nepeaoa npHcwnanM hsm. h sto 6bino ropasao 
xy»e ann yannKOB coeecTn, Hem no60M v> ronoA, noTomy 
■^To wbi oneMb Hy^aaiHCb a coHyecTBHH h noHMMamiM 
Hauswf BpaTbSB ao XpwcTe». 

B npeancnoBHM k nocjieflHeMy mjabhuio CBoeii khh- 
rn Bannaaapec nHtuer: bMoh oTBei tcm, kto ace eiye 
npo6yeT onpaBAaTb Tupanno Kacrpo, roBOpn, 4to om 
nocrpoMT ujKoribi v\ 6onbHni4bi, TaKOa: CTannw, THTnep m 
riMHoieTTawKecTpOHnmuKOfiwMSonbHHiibi, H.noaoSHo 
Kacrpo, ohm ratone MyHMJin h y6nBa/irt cbowx npornBHM- 
KOB. Ohm nocTpoMfiM KOHueHTpauMOHHue narepn m fiare- 
ptt CMepTin H yHMHTOMUJiu oca ceo6oabi, coeepiuHB ca- 
uue rn^KKne npecTynneH^n npOTHa HenoBeHecTBa» . 

KHMra ApMBHao Bannaaapeca *Haaencb BonpeitH 
BceMys HeoaHOKpaTHo wsaaeanacb ua McnancKOM, anr- 
nwiiCKOM, 0paHMy3CKOM m neMeuKOM fl3biKax, HacrOH- 
uiafl nyenHKBUMH - nepaao na pyccKOM nabiKe. 



'KAPTA' M 38-10 20M 



^ flbNTAEMbli BCTPOB 



» 



ApwaHflo BATl/lAAAPEC 

HAAE91Cb BOnPEKM BCEMY 



RocBfimaemcfi nauamu moux moeapuiueu, 
Komoptiix uy^unu u yGueanu 
8 miopbMax 0tjdenR Kacmpo. 

u 

mbfCflyflM jannn'ieHHbix . Komopbie 

B Hacmoptuee epeua cmpadanm mau- 

Ha npeducnoBUR k rrepflowy uadatfuio 

3ma KHusa - coudemenbcmeo o deaduamu deyx 
aodax, npoeedeHHbix mhoO e nonumu^ecxux mopbMax 
Ky6bi monbKO sa mo. 4mo mou Mbicnu u udeu omnu^a- 
nucb om udeu petKUMa Oudenn Kacmpo. 

8 MoeO cmpawe ecmb mo. veao we Mosym onpoeep- 
ehymb dawe cawb/e nunxue laiMumnuKU Ky6unCK0Q pe- 
eOHHiuiiu - cyiuecmeoeaHue duKmamypbi. dnameuca 
6onee ^emeepmu eexa. Hu odun duxmamop ne Moxtem 
ydepMambCfi y anacmu b meteHue maxoao BpeueHU 6e3 
HapyweHusf npaa venoeexa. 6e3 npecnedoeanuO. 6e3 
nonumuuecKUx penpeccuu u miopeM. 

B wacrTJOHUjuu MOMenm na Ky6e cymecmeyem 60- 
nee deyxcom ucnpaeumenbHbix yHpexdemiu. exnKmaio- 
Uiux mopbMbi cmpoaoso pexuua, xonuemnpauuOHHbie 
naaepa, max Hasbieaeuue ttpepubia u <ipydnuxu». uc- 
nonb3YKiuiue npuHydumenbHbiu mpyd saxnKmeHHbix. 

B xaixdou U3 amux deyxcom mxipeM ecmb docma- 
mouMO ucmopuu. xomopbix xeamuno 6bi Ha Hecxonbxo 
XHUB. noamoMy cBudemenbcmea. npuaedeHHbie sdecb. 
- nuiuh uanan <iacmb y)xacHou mtopeunoO peanbHOcmu. 

HacmaMem denb. xoeda ecfi peanbHOcmb cmanem 
useecmna nonnocmbio. H moada lenoeenecmao yixac- 
Hemcp. xax oho yixacHynocb, ysnaa npecmynneHUfix 
Cmanuna. 

JJnft MeHa3mapeanbHocmb-HO'4b. xomopan npo- 
uina. HO ona we Kon<-tunacb dna max uoux moeapuiueu. 
'itno ocmatomca e miopbuax donee deaduamu numu 
nem. 

Mx miopeuHbie cpoKu - caubie donaue a RamuHC- 
Kou Auepuxe. a MOxem. - uao eceu uupe. 

B 3mou HHuze ecmb etyomoapa0uu iwdeu. ynaua- 
Hymbix, 4mo6bi nodmeepdumb nodnuHMOcmb paccnasa. 
Ohu noMBiueMbi c ux cosnacufi. Omu niodu muaym ceO- 
^ac e CUJA. Benecysne u dpyaux cmpaHax. /Jo hux hb 
domfiHymcsi pyxu xyCuncxoao duxmamopa. 

Tom, xoMy doaonocb no6bieamb e mmpbuax. ectnpe- 
^an mau M8)Kdy mopemuiUKaMu Hacmonmux niodeQ. c 
pucKOM dnn ce6fi noMoaaaiuux aaxnto^enHbiM. l^Mena 
3mux modau. xax u mo, ^mo ohu cde/ranu dna uenn. hb 
MOaym 6bimb sdecb Ha3Banbi dnn ux 6e3onacnocmu- 

Pne M0eyne eocKpecumb ecaoeu naMnmu niadou, 
Gnaaodapa xomopbiu ft o6pen cao6o6y u ao3MOMnocmb 
u3damb 3my xnuay. P ne nuuiy adecb ux uuena. noruouy 
umo cnucox nonyuunca 6bi o^enb dnuHHbiu u nomouy. 
nmo MM03ue dyuanu o6oMne, depanu <imo-mo dna uenn. 
da/Ke He 3Han Moeeo umshu. O hux coMbie do6pbie 
eocnoMUHBHUfi - e uoeu cepdue 

Madpud. 1985 sod. 



TiiaBa 4 
CMepTb BCJieA 3a cMepTbio 

npMBenH apyrHX sanjitoHeHHwx, KOTOpwx TO>Ke owm- 
flancyfl. 3To6bijiMBBa6paTa6aiiono,KpecTbBHe, o6bii- 
HeHHbie B Kpawe p^xauvuHux narpoHoe m3 KaueHorou- 
MM CBoero nocenKa Baiiono Me HMenn aaBOKara, mm ho 

n0380nnn» BCTpeTHTbCfl C KeM-nn60 V\3 SaLUHTKMKOB. 9 

noo5eLuan 4to. Koraa ko mhb npMfler MOii ajsoKBT, a 
nonpOLuy saHflTbcn ero ux flenoM, ho caM noHMMan, «to 
aflBOKaT Mano 4to cMOjuer cAenaxb. 

KaK OH cMower ux saiuHmaib, ne sHan oBctoh- 
renbCTB aena? xattow samnTe Moma hath penb, xoraa 
OH BnepBwe yaiiAen Sw noacyflMMbix 3a AecHXb MHnyrao 
cyfla? Moii aaaoKaT He CMor nowo^b Aa*e TorAa, Koraa 
epaibBB Baiiono npnroaopMrM k CMepm. 

MepeanacSbinopeiueHo.iTOcyAHaAOMHoti nepe- 
HocMTca B Apyfoe 3AaHMe, a imy6 otpwuepoB B sto 
epeun rau cyA^ni^ ipex cnyxamMx Tene<t>OHHOM KOMna- 
HHW. CMepTM M3Ce>Kan TO/ibKO ApwaHAO Poap^irec Bhc- 
Kawo, ocranbHwe Swnii paccipenRHbi wa pacceere CJie- 
Ayromero ahh- nocneflnee, 4to n Bv\aen nepea cyaoM, - 
weny oAHOro H3 hux, BesyreiuHo pbiAaeiuyio y ABepeii 
Kry6a 

TpwHaAuaTb AHefi npotiino c TOro MOMetrra. xax 
MBHfl abiTaLuunu i<i3 AOMa n npMBertM B KOMMCcapwaT na 
aonpoc. 3a 3tot kopotkhm qjox no/iiiTn>HecKafl nonniuym 
ycnena noAroioBHTb Becb npouecc. mo ne yaocyMnnacb 
npeAocTaeviTb mhb, cuaeaiueMy b OAi^HOMKe, hm eaHHoii 

BCTpe^MCaABOKaTOM M.KaXBblFICHMnOCbnOTOM, HCAajia 

ewy B03M0>KH0CTM osHaKOMMTbCd c a.enot*. 

Ha aepeB«HHO« cuene KiiySa crofln AnnHHwii cron, 
3a KOTOpWM cuAenM HneHw cyAa. Oh« 6onTarn Mexmy 
c{>6oPI. rpOMKO cuennMCb m AbiMimH CHrapaMH. nepeHa- 
TbisaB vix BO pTy M3 yrna b yron, iiax eawa^'Tbi b cTapwx 
ttJHnbMax. Bee ohm Gw/im b BoenHoii (JjopMe. 3to 6bin 
THnnHHbivi pa6oMe-KpecTbnHCKnii cya, nOAoSHwe koto- 
pOMy AewcTBOBajiM b re ahh no Bceii Ky6e. 

KorAa Ha^anocb «cnyiijaHMe», npeaceaaTenb cyAa 
Mapno Tame nonoxnn worn na cron n OTxpwn scypwan c 
ctJOTorpacpMRMM TaHUOBUjMU MHoraa oh HaxnoHnAcn k 
CBOHM KKonnerauB vi noKa3biBaji vim naviSonee cMeiu- 
Hwe, no ero MnennK), cJJOTOrpacbWH, h ohm MaHnwanM 
xoxoTaTb BMecTe. 0mm ot/imhmo SMann, hto npMroeop 
yitce BMHecen. ^ He cxpuBanti aroro. 

y>Ke yraepMAeHHwe npuroBOpw nocrynann m3 lura- 
6a nonMTM^eCKOM nonMquw. HCyAbun roeopMiiM xonbxo 
TO, HTo 6bino HanMcaHO b npHroBope, h hmkbkmx MsweHe- 
HMM 6biTb He Morno. 

npOKypop Hanan Aonpoc apvtmx o6BMHfleHbix. Hhk- 
TO H3 HMx Menfl He 3»an. Hhkto He noATaepann awaBHHy- 

TblX npOTMB MCHfl 06BklHeHM(i. 

npOKypop Bbi3Ban KOManaupa OTpnaa, apecToaaB- 
uiero ueHH a woew Aoue. 

- 3to Bbi apecToeanM oSBMHneworo'' 

- fla, ceHbop, M Mbi oSwcxann ero aom, ho Htmero He 
namnM .. 



wwuiUtuoro 



u 



4 iPAtHQE mm 



- OTBeHawre TOfibKO Ha nocTaBreHHwe aonpocbi. - 
BUKpwKHyn npoKypop, HejOBont.Hbi*i leM, hto cnoea no- 
ji^ue^CKoro ycnbiLuantt Boet^Hbie, npMcyrcTBOBaBujiiie b 
KOMHare cyaa. 

PoflCTBeHHHuaM oSBUHBeMwx Bbijio 3anpeu4eHo 
nDMcyrcTBOBaTb hs cyae, v\ i^acTo own fla«e we SHarm, 
Koraa OH cocTonncn. 

Mhhh h Apymx noflCyflUMbtx Ha 3tom npoqecce 
saiuMmaii flotrrop npaaa ApaMwc To6oafla. yHHsepcM- 
TCTCK/H TOBapMLu KacTpo. Ilocne yHMBepcHTeia ohm 
paSoTa/iM eMecTs b oa»on aflBonaTCKovi KOHiope. no3«e 
KacTpo npeAnowMJi To6oafle wanwcaTb BocnoMMHanMs 
o Tex roaax. 3Ta KMHra aonmHa 6bina craib anonorHeii 
flMicTaTopa M nono/iHMTb cnHCOt KHwr, Bocxaanmoiunx 
KynbT ero nii4H0CTvi. To6oaaa OTKasanca m OMyrnjicjt b 
TiopbMe. 

■Jepes HeKOTopoB BpewiaoH 6unocBo6o)KAeH, hoo 
1983 rofly BHOBb apecroBan vi ocyjKflen sa Kpasmame- 
MMe rocyaapcTBeHHOH raiiHbiii o roTOBJtinewcn paccrpe- 
Tie nBTepwx uonoAbix noflew, nbiraamHxcn opraniMo- 
BBTb HeaasHCMMwii npactjcooa no o6pa3uy no;ibCKo« 
«ConiiAapHocTHB. ftFlpecrynreHneM Apaunca ToSoaflbi 
noaaoriMno cnacTM wnann npHroBOpeHHux. nocKo/ibKy 
noflHB/iacb Bo/ina MewynapoAHMx nporecTOB. 

B MBHane 60-x To6oafla 4acTo Bbicrynan aaiuMTHM- 
KOM Ha nonHTWHecKHx npoueccax m no npiwuHe xopoumx 
CBBseM B sepxax hoboS BJiacni nMen flocraTo^HO to4- 
Hyro nHtbopMamiio o npHroeopax. Ot Hero nam 6bino 
M3BecTH0. MTo Ha HaujCM npouecce cwepTHwx npnroBo- 
pOB He Syfler. 

Oro 6bino HecxaaaHMbiM oSnerHeHneM. 

ripoKypop He CMOr npHaecTn hh oflnoro aoxasa- 
TenbCTBa woeii bhhw. B caoei^ pe4M oh aonro h nyflHo 
roBOpH/i o TOM, xaKofi Hec'<acTHOH 5bina Ky6a ao Kacrpo, 
KreiiMMri aMepHxancKHx 3KcnnyaTaTopoa, BosMymancB 
npocTHTyuMeii n aaxoH'^ii/i tcm, mto see oSBHHdeMwe Ha 
3TDMnpoi4eccexoTenn603BpameHnnKno3opHOMyKanM- 
TanwcTMHecKDMy npouinowy. 

Oepamaacb ko mhc. o6Bi*HMTenb cxaaan: 

- Bbi CDTpyflHMyanii co cBsuieHHMKaMM, BbinycKas- 

LUMMH KOHTppeaOJItOmiOHKbie B033BaHMH. 

- Hei, n He hmski x 3T0My HuxaKoro OTHOmeHMfl. 

- Ho naM M3BecTH0, MTO BbJ 3naeTe Mworux cenmeH- 
HHKOB VI yHHnwcb B KaTonnHecKOM Konneajxe. 

ripoxypop noBepnyncH K npeaceAaTenio cyaa v\ sa- 
nann, 4to n spar peaoniouMii, coeepiuMBUJiii* AUBepcMM m 
aKTbi ca6oTa)Ka, h TOpxecTsytome nepeMncjiMn 5o/ibujoe 
HHC/10 CTBTeM, no xoropbiM Mne noriaraJiocb cypoBoe 
HaKaaaHMe. 

Hm TorAa, HH nocne, b Te^eHiie acex flBaAuarM neT 
Moero saMiKiMeHMff, hmxto h3 npeflCTHBHTeneM B;iacTn 
HecKasa/i mhb, rae w xaxMe n coBepiunn A^^BepCMn. Be^b 
peaynbTaTbi ,awBepctin - KonnperHw h ocaaaeMw, 5yflb 
TO nocneflCTBMfi B3pbiBa. nojxapa m/ih sktb caSoTawa, H 
cnpocnn npoxypopa. tab, na Kaxoii 0a6pMKe, b KaxoM 
yMpe>KaeHnii, itorfla n coBepiuHJi npiinncbiBaeMbie mhb 
avBepcviiA H He nonyniin OTeeTa. OreeTa m hs Morno 
SbiTb. noTOMy MTO n ne coBepman HM^ero ii3 Toro, b ^eM 
Menn oSB^HflriM. 

npeflCTaBbxe ce6e Menoeexa. oesuHfleMora b y6viA- 

CTSe. KOTOpOMy rOBOpjIT, HTO HB 3HatOT, KOtO, KOrAB \A ffiS 

OH y6nn, n xoraa tot npocMT npeabnBMTb emy Tpyn, to 
OTsenatOT, HTO Tpyna tomb hbt. 




Hh oahh cyfl B npa- 
BOBOM rocyAapcTBe He 
cMorCbi sbiHecTM MHe 06- 
SMHkiTenbHbiti np^roBop. 
y cyAa He 6biJio hh eaii- 
HOH yni4XH, HM OAHoro cbh- 
aeTejibCKoro noxasaHMfl. 
Ho n 6wn ocywaen, no- 
cronbxy Tax peiuMna no- 
ntnvi^ecKaft nonv\uym. 

H a He 6bin ncx;iio- 
^eKHeM. H3BecTHhiM aa- 
BOxaT PMBepo Kapo na- 
BcerAa aanowHHJi cnoBa, 
cxasaHHbie eMy oneAOBa- 
Teneu, AoeeaeHHUM ao 
BeiueHCTBa ynopCTBOM Adsaxam Pueepo Kapo 

aABOxaTa, oTKasbiBaBiuerocfl nOAnMcaTb ao6biTOe noa 
HbiTxawH npM3Hanne jaaepwanHOro: 

- Bame MHeHkie xax aaeoKaia He MMeeT HMnaxoro 
aHaneHHs, aaiUH npOTecTw - Me nweiOT 3nayeHHB, hto 
cxajxei npoxypop- He MMeeT snaMeHMn, ynnxM m Aoxaaa- 
TenbCTBa - le mmcmt SHaneHMn, MHCHMe cyAbM - »e 
MMeeT sHaHeHMfi EAHKCTseHHoe. hto HMeer 3HaHeHMe, - 
TO, 4T0 npMxaixeT tpMflenb. 

Mnoraa, norfla aABoiOT o6BMHfieMoto hmc/i xopo- 
ujne CBflSH B pyxoBOACTBe nonHTMi^ecxoH nonMUHw, to 
noacyAHMbiM Mor ysnaxb cbom npMroeop eme ao cyaa. 

Tax npOMSomno c KOMaHflawTe VweepTo CopM Ma- 
PMMOw, xoraa ero CTapan MaTbysnana, hto ee cum, oamh 
W3 SblBllJMX COpaTHMKOB KaCTpO, OgBMHeH B noanofibHOM 
AenTenbHocTM m aonwen 6biTb paccrpenBH. 

no MpOHitM cyAbSw, MMSHHo CopM MaptiH 6bin 
aeropoM M38ecTHoro aaKona, no KOTopOMy 6binM pac- 
CTpenHHbi AecBTKM ctopohhmkob AHXTaTopa BaTucTbi b 
nepBwe MecBitw 1959 rofla. Vrpo, xorAa CopM MapwHa 
npMBenM bo BHyrpeHMtiS aeop rioptMbi Jia KaGanbn. 
HaaepHoe, crano caMWM Tfl^enwM woMeHjOM b ero 
>KH3HM. B Kawepax cmcphmxob saecb 6binH ntoavt. ocyjK- 
flenHbie na cMspib no HanncaHHomy hm aaKony, m flawe 
Te, KOMy OH nvi4Ho awMOCM/i cMepTMwe npMroaopbt. Kaxo- 
BO jxe Sbifio ero yanBrieHMe, xoraa oan" h3 cwepTHnxoa 
npoTOHyn BMy pyky m cxaaan: 

-MyBCTByiiTe ce6n cpeaw apyaeii. 3a aToii )xene3- 
HOM peLueiKoi* mw ace - ToeapMinw. 

TaM Maxoanncq 3Kc-K0MaHaaHTe MHpa6anb, 6bis- 
iiJHM Hai^aribHHK reHiuiaSa m oaMH m3 yMacTHMxoB aoen- 
Horo nepeaopora 10 wapTa 1952 roaa. Oh oreen Copn 
B Kawepy, noKaaar euy yaoSHoe wecTo, rae nonoxMTb 
MaTpac, M, BpyHMB necKOJibKo curap H3 caoero He6onb- 
Luoro sanaca, npocTo CKa3an 

- fla noMOJxeT Hau Bor! 

CopM MapMH 6bin oahmm m3 caMwx 6nM3XHx copaT- 
HMK08 KacTpo, Ohh BMecTe cpawanMCb b rgpax Cbeppa- 
Ma3CTpa, npHMEM yMBepTO 6bin nnenoM TnaBHoro lUTa- 
6a noacraHLjeB. Oh paspaSoTan aanOH o5 arpapnoti 
pectjopwe. riocne no6eflbi pcbo/iiommm mx oTHOiueHHw 
cTa/iM eme Sonee TecHbiwn KacTpo oSwmho 3aBTpaKafi 
B AOMe CopM MapMHa, nocKoribxy waTb yiuSepTo 6bifia 
npeBocxoAHOiS xyxapxoii, 

no3TOMy, KOFAB ceHbopa MapMH ysHana, ^to ee 
cbiHa coGMpaioTCfl paccTpennTb. ona ao6Mnacb scipeMM 
c Kacrpo. CocTonnacb apawaTMMecKan scrpeia. Jlnaep 



■KAPTA' M 38-40 200* 



4 OBmAEMblii OCIPOB 



II 




yuOepmo 
Copu MapuH 



peBoniou^M oSHflri pbiAaKiiuyio )«eH- 
iLiMHy M jiacKOBo maAUJi ee no ce- 
aoM ronoBe, 

- 0ivierib, n npomy ToiibKo 06 
opuot*... He y6MBai^ Moero cuHa, 
onenafi 3to paflwMemi... 

- Ka/ibMese, c YMSepTo hmmb- 
ro He cny^MTCB. fl o6eLua«3 Te5e. 

M uaTb CopM MapMHa. o6e3y- 
Mee OT pafloCTM. ace eme c masa- 
MM, noriHbiMH cne3. noMenoaa/ia *Mflenf» unocnemnna k 
ceMbB, *^To6bi pacoiaaaib cnacenMH cwHa, OHa eepn- 
raa>MflenK),BeflbOHiieecbiHnepeHGcrMBMecTGCTOnbKO 
onacHOcreiii , ohm paaflennnii CTOJibKo oropHeHiiH h rpe- 
Bor, Mx oStuee repOMMecnoe npouuioe ne Morno CwTb 

3a6blTO. 

Ha creflyoLuyio HOHb nocne BCipenn no nMHHOMy 
npwKaiy KacTpo VMSepTo Copu MapwH 5biJi paccrpe- 

J13H, 

Te. KTo cpa>«ancs BMCcre c Kacipo 33 ycTaHoane- 
H«e fleMOKpaTHM, Sbinw o6MaHyTbi: ktoto eewan «3 
CTpaHbi, apyrwe sHOBb Ban/in b pyKii opywHs h/ih yumM b 
noflfionbe. yjKe 6binM paccTpenwHbi, nacTO SeaflOKaaa- 
TenbHO. o<JJMuepbi m ^^llH0BH^^K^1 npe>KHero pewtHwa. B re 
flHM rpynnw weninnH, OASTbix a lepnoe, BxoflMnM 5ec- 
npennTCTBeHHO b Kamepbi c apecTOBaHHwMi* w BHuMa- 
TenbHO BrnnAbiaanMCb 8 riHua... 

flocraTOMHO 5wno, HTOObi oflna b3 hhx yKaaana na 
Koro-rii6o m3 apecroaaHKbix: 

-BoTSTOT... Oh ySMfi Moero cuHa! 

3to 6bin Koneu. Bes KaKoro-/iM6o paccneflOBaHMfl 
HenoseKa paccrpejiMBanH . 

HwKTo He CMOJiteT cKasaib, CKonbKO nenoBeK norM6- 
fiM M3 nwHHOM MecTM, 3 «e 33 npecTynneni^e. 

21 dHBapfl, Bbicrynast na MaHM^etrramiM y npe3n- 
/teHTCKoro flBopua. Kacrpo sansHn. 

- riOflOMKH, KOTOPWX Mbl paCCTpenfTH. a HX OKOnO 
400. BMHOBHW 8 MBCCOBblX yftUHCTBaX MHpHblX WHTCneii 

3aHenenioflo3Toro, 12nHBapfl1959roAa, enarepe 
BoeHHonneHHbix b aoniiHe CaH-Xyan (npOBiiHUMB Opw- 
CHTe), HecKonbKO coTBH coraaT M3 paarpoMJieHHOH ap- 
uviVi BaTucThi 6binM sarHBHw b lUMpOKHii poB ahhhom 
6onee 50 werpoB, co canaanHbiMH pyKawn, h paccrpenn- 
wbi M3 nyneweTOB, 3aTeM poe 5bin aacbman c noMoinbio 
6yjibfl03epoB. He 6wno HmOKoro cyaa. MHorwe H3 sthx 
conflaT 6bi/iM neaaBHO KpecrbSHaMH, nocrynHBiiJMMH hb 
eoeHHyio cnyM6y no 3K0HOMbi<^ecKMM npM<4iiHaM. npHKa3 
paccTpene oTflan Paynb Kacrpo. 14 aro ne eflHHCTBeM- 
Hbiti (paia: Maccoewe paccrpenw cojiflaTapMHM BarMC- 
Tw, 663 cyaa n cneacTBUfl, npO60flnnncb cront iunpOKO, 

^JO 3T0 HeB03MO)KHO paCUehHTb HHaHB KBK MBCTb CO/lfla- 

TaM paaStiToii apMMH. 

B (tawepax oflUHHaauaTb, aseHaziuaTb m yeibipHafl- 
uaTb neuanbHo SHaweHMTOM TWpbMW fla Ka5anbn 06^6- 
flMHMnn caMbix pasHbix nwaeii: TaM 6binn ocJiHuepbt 
apMMM BaTMCTw M peBOJitOMMOHepbi. Koropwe nx no6ean- 
jiM. MHorwe 6biaiuiie ctopohhmkh Kacrpo 6wnw ynnnTO- 
xeHbi no TeM )Ke aaKonaw, hto \^ hx 6btBujMe Bpam. 

TaM 5bin Asbma CaribBaAop. pyxoBOAHTerib «flBii- 
iKSHiifl 26 nionsn, 6biBiuMvi renepanbUbiK cenpeTapb *e- 
flfipaqHH paBcJUx KyBw, vi3BecTKbiM ne TonbKo 3ac/iyra- 
MM nepefl pesoniouMeti, ho m cbommm paAi^xaribHbiMii 
B3rrmflaMM. 3to oh hb MHTiiHre b nepBbie peBonionHOh- 



Hbie flHH Bwpaan MHKpo<t>OH y sKc-npesHASHTa Kocra- 
Pmkm. KOffla TOT CKaaa/i, mto b boiAhs Mexfly CUJA m 
CCCP Jlar/HCKan AMepHxa nonwHa SwTb na cTopone 
CUJA, 3tot 3KcnpeccMBHbiM nocTynoK paBoi+ero BO^aKa 
Bbisaan y <»Mflenn. cTOfiBiuefo pnaOM na TOwfiyHe. oao6- 
pHTenbHyw ynbjSKy. Tom hb Menee 4epe3 neCKoribKO 
MecnqeB flaBHfl CanboaAOp 6biji ocyxyieH na TpMHaA- 
uaTb reT TopbMbJ kbk KOMTppeBonrouiiOHep. 

Peaofiiounn, noAo6Ho CarypHy, nowHpana co5- 
CTeeHXbix A^TeA 

y ewBUJHX 6aH«MpOB. CTyABHTOB. o(t>MMepoB apMwii 
BaTHCTw H KacTpo, paSoHwx, upecTbHH, Bcex, kto 6bin 
BpoLUBH B TKjpbMbi, Sbi/io TO. 4T0 ypasHMBano woStefln- 
Hfl/io MX Bcex, HBCMOTpR Ha npfiwHMe pa3nii4HB: nepHan 
6yKBa "D" na cnnne, lUTtiKM. mto yrpoxanw vi pannnM, m 
BHHToaxM. jtuiaauiMe <4aca paccTpena 

OTHOuieHHB MejKAV sannKiMeHHbiMt* a tb ropbKne 
AHH - 3TO 5bma ApywSa, sio 5bino ToaapHmecTBO 

^a, SbinM BcnbiujKti BsaHUHoii neHaBMCTM, KorAa 
BApyaoAnoH naMepecTanKHBannCb StieiuMM npOKypop 
«peBoniouMOHMoro» cyAa h Henoaen. npHroBopennbiM 
MM K CMepTH. Ho 3T0 Sbino peflKO, 

BnyrpM cTanbHbix peujeTOK npocbinancB Ayx conH- 
AapHOCTM npoTHB 061UHX yfHeTaTeneH-KOMMyHHCTOB. 

rynbcpMO A'"a3 flaHq 5bm SpaTow nepaoro kombh- 
Ayioinero BosayiuHbiMii PeaoniOMWOHHbiHn cunaMw, 
cBewaaiijero b CLUA ■nepes necKonbuo Mecnuea nocne 
no6eAbi peBoncuMi" w oTTyaa npoAonxaaiiiero BopOTb- 
CB c KacTpo. Ann Tyjibepwo 3to poactbo OKaaanocb 
poKOBbiM. Oh CTan SparoM «npeAaTenfl HeAPo JlyHca 
Jliiasa JlaHua» m noaTomy nonan sa pemeTxy. TynbepMo 
6bi/i TanaHT/iHBbiM xyAOWHHKOM, Jierxo pucoBaeiuMM nop- 
TpeT. KapHKarypy win newaajK. 




ViacmHuxu peccmpera condam Eamucmw s Bueape '959 

eoda a npoauHuuu CaH-Xyaii nosupyam <parnospat$>y. cmon 

Ha 3acbinaHH0M pey c menSMu KasHeHHbix. 



vnnrUrtlorB 



B2 



^ KPACHOE KOilECO 



O^Haxuibi paHO yrpoM xycKOM Mena oh nanticari Ha 
cTene cnoea Xoce Mapm. anocTona Ky6nHCK0H HesaBH- 
cmmocth: 

«y6M^ua M npeaaTenb. MenoaeK. he BBpHiuvivi e 
Bora. Bpar nio/ieA. oaypMaHMaaKJiunii no>Kt4biMM aoict- 
pHHaMM HOBoe noKoneHwe, enyujaiouiHii mm cnaflKuwH 
oioeaMM nio6BM eapeapCKoe eaaHrepi^e HeHasMcrvia. 

Ha BBHepHeii npoaepKe oxpana o6Hapvxnra no- 
aynr VrpoM co/iAaTbi Bopeank^cb e KaMepy. CKpbiruA b 
UMTaTe 113 MapTM HaMSK Ha KacTpo Sun oimuikom ncen. 
TynbepMO CMHTan. hto cnoea MapTH nejibsn yHMHTO- 
NCMTb Oh oujM6cfi. TiopeMuiMKH ii36iinii ero h sacTasHnM 
CTepeTfa Haflnwcb. Koraa oh aaKOHHMn, ero yeenn, CKa- 
aaa. uto ornpaannioT b Kapuep. 3a aaepbio TynbepMO 
y6(inM yaapaMM ixiTbiKa a cnnny. 



Okojio ipex nacoB h04w cnaBiuiie 5nn3Ko k aaGpan- 
HO*i cranbHOii peujeTKOii ABepH paaSyflwiM ocianbHwx 
KpMKOM: «npoBepKa!» Dohtm b to Mce urnOBeHHe bh/t- 
peHHMii flBOp HanonHMncn nonHuevicKMMM }KeJ^e3Hbie 
peujeTKH ocraBanMCbsaKpbiTbiMM. nonMueHCKne Bbicr- 
poM/iHCb HanpOTviB KSiuep. JJeepu orvpunti HxtanM npM- 
Ka3 BuxoziHTb, H Tyi xe na^ajiacb CTpejib6a noBepx 
ronoB. riKviki psaHyn^cb HapyiKy, r^e mx Bcrpena/iM y;ia- 
pbi nanKaMn. Oanoro ws nac. ceMMaecniHBocbMHneTMe- 
ro crapMKa ToMMOHea. KOTopbitt no'^rvi ne MOr xoAHTb, 
c6tinH c Hor. oh ynan i<i c/iouan Ge^po. 

f\ BbJGexan ^3 KaMepw 6ocmkom m B;ipyr 3aMep ot 
yxaca. B oahom vi3 6otmhok, CTOnaiueM nOA Moeii KOti- 
Kovi. Sbinn cnpnTaHbi mom -jacbi. OSwhho n ycneaan 
HaACTb 60TVIHKH M TaK coxpahfln ^acbi ot rpa6e)Ka . Ceii- 
Hacfl6bjnyBepeH,HTo numMjicntixHaBcerAa OntiSbinM 
noAapKOM OTua. h np^ muchh 06 mx yrpare MeHti oxaa- 
TH/ia T»)Kenan TOCKa, 

/leMaaujero na 3eMne roClHOHea hmkto He noAHnn: 
Mu 6e}KajiM. npMKpbisancb ot yAapoe. 6oflCb saTorrraTb 
ero. HaKoneu saxmoHenHbie crpyA^nMCb y cTSHbi noA 
npuLjenoMBMMTOBOKcrpMMKMyTbiMmijTbiKaMH. ripkinpo- 
BepKe np^icyTCTBoaanM coTpyAHviKM HauMOHanbhOM Pe- 
BontouMOHHOii nonHUHH, KOTopaB coTpyflHM4ana c rap- 
HM3OH0M fla KaSsHbti. 

3to 6bi:ia ne npocTO npoBepKa, a «PEKBH3M- 
L|MFI»! HecKo/ibKo MecfiLieB naaaA npaBMTenbCTBO Ha- 
uano xaMnaHMio no esi^MaHt^to nAo6pOBonbHbix)> bsko- 

COB Ha nOKynky opyJKHH. 

np3B^TeflbCTBO npH- 
3biBa;io HapOA )KepTeo- 
BarbAnn aTOii uenw Aenb- 
m M AparoueHHocTM, a tom 
MMcneKOJibua, cepi>rn. 30- 
noTwe ueno'^KH m t.^. 

yBcexsatnioHCHhbix 
Sbinn 0To6paHbi ^acu m 
o6py^anbHbie Konbua. 
Oamm aa ApyrviM. paaae- 
Tbie Aorona. mu Bosapa- 
LUaiihicb B Kauepbi noA 
KpMKw nonnueJicxHx: 

- >KMBee' Bu aotok- 
Hbi noMOub nonyrme ca- 

MOJIBTOB H OpyiKMJl! 

Kmae Apuando Bannadapeca. 
uldannan e CWA 




Ec/iM KTO-TO ocMenweancn sospaxaTb npoTMB rpa- 
66*3. Toro xecTOKO HaSMBann. Mon ^acw ocTaaarMCb a 
KaMspe, rae ronmieflcKwe nepeTpBxnaann ece aeiAM. 3 
6bin yaepeH. "^ro hx HecoMneKHo HatujiM. 

Bee oToGpaHHwe bciam nojiHueiiCKMe cnow»nn a 
6pe3e^TOBbie MeujKti. Kor^a Mt>t eephyni<icb b paarpoM- 
jieHHbie KBMepbi. h3lumm masaM npeACTano MecMao m 
ocTBTKoa riH'^Hbix BeiiteM VI OAe)KAbi. ripoKJiHHafl rpa6H- 
Teneii, mu npuHHrnCb pa36iipaTb yueneaaiee. rrySoKo 
noA KOMKOii y caMOw ctchw a o6Hapy)Kmi oahh 6otmhok. 
CynyB BHyrpti pyity. h namynan raM cboh Hacw, nepe- 
MHBLutie oSbicK. M Tyr ueHn oxBSTMri crpax. CTpax MMeTb 
eeuib. KDTopan mhb npMHaA/^ewana. 

Mto 5yAeT. ec/in o6Hapy)KaT, ^ro « cKpbj/i ^lacbi ot 
peKBH3MU>4M? Ohm peujaT, lito n HacMSftncn h3a hmmm, m 
CTanyr MCTMTb. Boxe, hto Aenaib? 

F) Tyno cMOTpen Ha nacbi, 3a)KaTbie a naAOHM. a mom 
coKaMepHMKM c MsyMneHueM rnnA^nM na wenn n tmxo 
cnpaujMeariM: 

- KaK TeCeyflarocb?.. 

MHe sanpeTMfiM MMeTb cbom cofiCTaeHHue Macu. 
Menu aacraBnH/iM npHTart mx, c/iobho s hx yKpan. V 
mbhh B03HMWia Mwcnb nofloflTH KAaepM. awaaaTb oxpa- 
Hy H DTA3Tb mm npMHaAiie>KaBUiyio mhs AOporyKi Ann 
Moe(i naMHTM Beinb, Mro6w cnacTvi ce6n OTAanbHeMme- 
ro npecneAOaaHMR, Ho ecriM Qw fl nocTynnn tbk. n npo- 
BBvin 5bi npeaarenbCuyK) cnaBocrb m cAenan 6bi poKo- 
aoM Luar no nyrM k MOpa/ibHoii CMepTH. n npHvtnn peue- 
HMe. fl HecAena/iToro, hto Sbino npOTMBHO woeftflyuie 

^ BcerAa crapancn Aet^cTBoaarb e comacHM co 
CBOMMH ySoKfleHMnMM, m6o mohcho ebiAep>*<aTb ribiTXH 
na/iana. ho ne co&CTeenHOM coaecTH. 



Ohm y Menn scfi 0To6paiiM 

riepbf) 

KapaHAatuH 

li HepMMna 

noTOMy HTO OHM He jKcnaioT 

MxoGbi H HHcan 

H OHM Aep)K3T MBHR 

3a TiopewHoA peujeTKofi 

Ho OHM Menfi ne cnoMMnM. 

Ohm y Menu bc6 oTHanw 

HnM noHTM Bc6 

Ho y MSHfl ocTaeTCfl ynudxa m ropAocTb 

CBo6oAHoro HenoBena 

14 B Ayuia caA 

KoTopbiii uaereT bcmho. 

Ohm BCe OTHfl/IH 

nepbfl 

KspaHAaujH 

Ho y MeH« ocTaoTCB MepwMra )km3hm - 

Mon ^Mcratt xpoBb 

KOTOpOti R HMLUy 3TM CTpOKH. 



nepeaoA c McnaHCKoro: 
BnaAHMMp Xo/iMoropcKMtf 



■KAPTA' f» 38-40 20M 



4 OBNIAEMbli DCTPOB 



83 



rycTaeo APKOC BeprHec 



HMCbMO CKYEbl 




26 Mtonn 2003 rofla 
KySKHCKoe Te:^eeHAeHKe 
npofleMOHCTpHpoeano 
KaApw nycTOro rocnw- 
ra/ibHoro rrOMeujeHMB, 
npocTopHoro, HHcroro. C 

50 neT Hasan b 3tom 
noMeuueHviii naxoayincn 
B aaK/no^eHMM <bviaenb 
KacTpo. 

riocne HeyaaHMoro 
Hana;ieHvin Ha KaaapMu 
MoHKajia (CaHTbnro-fle- 
Ky6a). b kotopux paaMei^anMCb conAaTw avucrsTopa 
<DyjibxeHCHO BaTMCTbi, KacTpo h OKono craero copaTHM- 
KOB (cpeA» KOTopbiJi 6b«j^ M n) 6binv\ oCBMHeHbi b nonwTKe 
MHTejua M ocyjKfleHw Ha cpouM flo 1 5 net, 

CaM KacTpo 6wr npHroaopen k 1 5 roaaw TtopewHOro 
aaKmoMSHHfi. ho cnyCTn 2 1 Mecflu, sMecre c ocra/itHWMn 
y^acTHMKaMH ManafleHnta, 0CBo6o>KfleH no aMHHCTHM m c 
TBx nop HHKoraa 5onbiue He apecToawBa/iCfi. B peBonio- 
UHio 1959 roaa oh nprnuen k anacTvi m cran TeM, Kto 
OmpaanneT e Ttopbwbi flpyrwK. 

fl/iB MCHH TiopbMa 1953 rofla oTHioflb He crajia noc- 
jisAHeA. 

B cepeflHHe 60-x, 6yAyHn noc/ioM KySw b BenbrMM, n 
BbipasHn HecornacMe c fieiicTBMnMii npaenTe/ibCTBa 
KacTpo, HCMeAneHHo 6wn OToaaaH v\ npiiroBOpeH x 10 
roflaw DopbMbi. M3 KOTopbix OTCiyien TpM, a a 80-x, no 
o68HHeHMKj B nnnroTOBKB 6ercTBa c Ky6bi, 6biJi apecro- 
BBH H OTnpaaneH «aocn>KHBaTb» ocraBiunecn 7 ner. 

Herwpe wecnuia nasaa (e uapme 2003 a. - Ped.) 75 
MyjKecTBeHHbix KySMHcxHx flHCCHaeHTOB 6bf/iM jaxBane- 
Hw e pesy/ibTaTB npoaenenHbix oSnas h cnycTB aae 
HCfleriH npiiroBopeHu k TiopeMHbiM cpoKaM flo 28 ner. 

B QjnMHVie OT nac, laK HasuBaeubix «MOHKa;iMCT0B», 
3TM flHCCfcvieHTbi HB npHBeraoM k Hactinnio. Mx MopywH- 
eM» 6binM ni4iijyu(L4e MauiMHKM, xmho- m i^'O'^'oita'^epbi. 
ayAMO- M BnaeoKacceTbi 

3tm nioflH - nucaTenM, Bpa-HH, aflsoKaTw, skohomhc- 
Tbi, ymiTern, KpecTbOHe m npaaoaamnTHMKn - Hanano 
Bepninn. HTo npaBHTeribCTBo He 6pocnT b nopbMbi rex, 
KTO Bcero nmijb pacnpocrpaHfieT BceoOmyio fleitnapa- 
UHio npaa ^enoBena. KOTopyKJ sto me npaBMTsnbCTBo 
noAnncano. 

Ho ecTb TparMiecKHii KOHxpacr MexcAy Kacrpo-aaK- 
iiKmeHHbiM no/iyBeKOBOM flaaHOcm h Kacrpo-nopeMiyn- 

KOM HblHe. 

SaitnioHeHHOMy Kacrpo. aABOKaiy no npo(t>ecciiM, 
Swno tipeAocTaanetio tpm MecHua flo cyAa, MTo6bi noA- 
roTDBbiTb coBciaeHMyio aait^MTy. Ttopewu^viK Kacrpo no- 



Guslsvo Arcos Bergnes - rempanbMbiO conpemapb Ky6uHaro- 
eo Kouumema no npaeau 'fenoasKB 



SBonneT ceroflnniuKMM flHccMACHTaM acTpe^y c aneoKa- 
TOMJimubaaHecKOJibKOMMHyTAocyAa, ecnw aooSuje ne 
oTKaaweaeT b 3tom. 

Mk KaMspbi HHCKOnbKo He noxoanT na CBernyio n 
npocTopHyH) BonbHUHHyto KOMHaiy saKjiic^eHHoro Kacr- 
po a 1953-m: SojibiuHHCTBO coflspxaTCfl B KaMepax. 
nonHwx Kpbic m mockmtob. bo MHorux Kpax ans nMTbeBOfi 
aoflbi naxOAHTCfl hba OTsepcTneM a nony, Mcnonbsye- 
Mb<M jaKTiDHeHHbiMM KaK TyaiieT. 

Ha cBMAaHHH c poACTBeHHUxaMH (pa3 e TpH Mecnija) 
MX BbiaoA'T B HapyvHMKax Mm ^a)t(e Kanaanax 

Mbi, "MOHKaaMCTbiM. KaK npMgefUJMe k HacMnmo, ne 
Mornn 5bi 6biTb npusnanbi ysHMKawM coeecrM ceroflHBUj- 

HMMK ryM3KMTapHblUM OpraHM3aL]MnMM. 

TeM He Menee EarncTa npeaocraBMn Hah) ciaTyc 
nonMiMHecKMx saKJihonenHbix. m nac pasMecTMnn b ot- 
AenbhOM cexijuM TiopbMbi Mcna Ae/ib Dmhoc, MToObi «3- 
SewaTb KOHTaKTa c yronoBHMxaMn. 

CeroAHRiiJHue flMccHfleHTw, oSbflBJiewHwe MejKay- 
Hapoanoii Amhuctmsm ySHMKawH cobbctm, SpOLueHw sa 
pemeiKy BMecre c yBmusuif m HacMObHMKaMH. rioaxw 
Paynb PMsepo m Manyanb BacKec nopran - /Kaabiaaio 
Ha 3aaoKyMeHTHpoBaHHbie cnyMan - pasMemeHbi b o6- 
ujMx KaMepax c caMbiMM onacHbiMM ms yronoBHMKoa, 8 
Tex. KOTopbie caM Kacrpo nasbiBa/i «noAnMHHbiMii ynw- 
eepCMTeraMM npecryn/ieHMMa, 

B flaneKOM 1953 rofly Aae aaKnio^enHbix MeHiuHHW, 
BXoaMBmMx a Haojy rpynny (Aude CaHmaMSpuff u Menb- 
6a 3pHaMdec. - Hpuu. nep.), nocroflHHo nMTanncb bmb- 
cre c ceHbei* Hana/ibKHxa TtopbMu, poacTaeHMnK oAHoro 
H3 3aKJiioye»Hbix Kynun cicoTo6oCiHKi Ma Mcna ae/it Hm- 
Hoc M CHa5)Kaji 3aK;iK)4eHHbix npOAyKiaMH nHtaHMn. 

CeroAHfluiHee nHTanne b TiopbMax ojin fluccwAeMTOB 
- 3T0 COBCBM APyrafl MCTOpMB, MHOrMB H3 75 saKnioHeH- 
Hwx 6onbHw (H MM OTKaswaawT a nepeaave neKapcTB or 
poacTBEHNHKOB) , H Ka>KAt>iA fiepcHec cepaeHMbiM np»i- 
CTyn. PoACTBehKMKM sawiKi^eHHbix coo6iAaK3T o5 yrpo- 
jtcaioinefi noTepe aeca TOXibKo /iMiub nocne ^leTbipexMe- 
ccmHoro aaKnto^eHMR 

n ceiinac cxapHK. Mne 76, ksk m Kacipo. m n hb Ay wao, 
MTo TopeMLUMK cMower npmMHMib Mne BonbiuMM apefl 
3a MOM BbicTyn/ieHMa. hbm mom aoapacr. Xota n ysepen. 
MTo Moii MJiaaiuMM 6paT, Ce6acTHaH, yuep b TiopbMe b 
1 997 roAy M3-3a npeAHaMepeHHOro ornasa b mcammmhc- 

K0(4 nOMOUIH. 

fl He HaAewcb. ^to Kacrpo npoaeMOHCTpvipyeT saK- 
n»MeHHbiM TO )Ke sennKOflyiuMe, m3 KaKoro on msbjibk 
Bbiroay B 1 953 roAy. uriM hto oh ocboGoamt mx no aMHH- 

CTMM. 

Ho B03M0)KH0. fl OUJM6aK)Cb. 

3to 6bino 6bi AOcroiiHbiM cnocoCoM OTweTHTb roflos- 
litHHy. 

nepesoA c aHrfiHAcKoro: B. X. 

BnepQbie onySnaKoeano: 
Scotsman News. 2003. 26. Pfw/ib. 



wiwurtaorg 



B4 



^ KPAGHBE KflJIECD 



M3 AOK/IAAA MEXAyHAPOAHOM AMHMCTMM 

O nOJ10>KEHMM C HPABAMM HEJIOBEKA HA KYBE. 2002 TOA 




LBcryn/ieHMe 

C Havana jieflTenb- 
HOCTH MejwiyHapOAHaH 
AMHMCTun onpeAenfiJia 

KSK «y3HVIK0B COBCCTVID 
K/IIOaeM. H3X0AflllJl4XCn B 

aaKfiiCJeHMM HCHmOMM- 
Te/ibHo no npuHUHe roro, 
4T0 HX B3rnBflu Heflonyc- 
TMMw Ann MX npaet^Tejib- 
CTBa». OroTTepMHH npw- 
MeHsncB B OTHoiueHMn 
KyfiHMueB. apecTOBaKHbix sa MMpHoe ewpaweHMe cbowx 
BarnnaoB. HcKOTOpbie H3 pshhhx y3MHK0BCOBecTn6tii- 
jiH flenrenfiMw npo4)coi03HbiJt ii oGinecTBeHMhiK ABnitte- 
H\AVi. BbicrynaemMMn, noAo6Ho cTOpOHHMKaM Oviflenn 
KacTpo, npOTUB A^iKTaTypw ffiyntxewcMo BarncTbi, ho 
apecTOBaHHbie nocne no6eAbi peBoniOMnii 3a KpnTWKy 
AeMCTBMki CBOnx npe)KHH)( copaTHMKOB. Apy™e SbinM 
apecrgsaMw aa mx perwriioaNbie BoaapeHHn HnH as ebic- 
KasaHHbie OTKpwTo BospajKeHwn. flonBUBUiMecn co Bpe- 
MBHeM MHphbie noPHTuwecKMe rpynnw c MaeBMH m bo3- 
apeHUBMn. OTnwuaioujMMMcn ot npeflnwcaHHbix anac- 
Tbo, noABepranncb npecneAOBaHwnM, a hx MneHw. ape- 
CToaaHHbie sa anccHAeHTCKyio flenrenbHocTb, laKwe no- 
nonHnnw cnncox ysHMKoa cobbctm 

RoMMMO npo6neM, cBflsaHHHx c y3HiiKaMM cosec- 
TM, MeiKAyHapoflHyio Amhmctmio 6ecnoKonT cnsAVOiUne 
npo6neMbi: yoiOBHfl coaepwaHMfl jaKnoMeHHwx b rtopb- 
Max, cnpaaeA^viBwe cyAw b OTHOLueHUM non«TMHecKMx 
3aimio<jeHHbix vt cuepTHan tcaaKb. 

3a TpwAuaTbneT npeACTaBme/iMMewAyHapoAHOii 
AMHMCTMM HeCKOfibKO paa noceinanM Ky6y B 1977 rofly 
npeacTasMTenflM Amhmcthh pa3peujMnii BCTpemTbcn c 
npaBMTenbCTBeHHWMM AOiWKHocTHbiMH AimaMM. HO 3an- 
peTMfiHBCTpe^McnonwTMuecKHMMsaKnio'jeMHbiMM Btd- 
PM4H0 Me)itAyHapoAHan AMHHcrvin nocsTvira Ky6y a 1 988 
roay- B 1990 roAy BO BpeMB npoaeflenMH b TaeaHe 
BocbMOro KoHrpecca OOH no npeAOTBpameHnio npe- 
cTynneHHH aeneraTw dt Me)KAyHapoAHOM Amhucthm 
BHOBb BCTpeTHnMCfa c AO^JKHOCT^WM'' nHtjaMH n npeA- 
CTaBHTenBMM oeiiiecTBeHHbix opraHviaauMi*. BAanbHeii- 
mew npaBMTenbCTBO Ky6bi we OTBesano Ha npocbBu 
Amhmctmm o AOCTyne. 

8 nocneAHMe roAw paSoia MextflynapoAHOM Amhm- 
cthm cocpeAOTOiMJiacb Ha oTCTa«BaMMvi npae mhowo- 

CTBa y3HMK0S COBeCTM, npHBneneHMH BHHWaHMfl MMpO- 

BOM o6mecTBeHH0CTM k npoAo/iwaioineMycfl npecnsAO- 
oaHUKD AMCCHfleHToe m BbiHecennK) CMepTwwx npuroBO- 

POB. 

CHTyaMMfl Ha Ky6e 

Me)«AyH3poflHan Amhhctmh no-rpeJKHewy o6ecno- 
Koena, hto hs Ky6e npoaonrtiaiOTcn apecrw niOAeii aa mx 
peniirM03Hbie h mhug y6e)«AeH»fl. OSujee KonvmecTso 
Aoaei*. 3aAep)«aHHbix b Hacroniuee bpcmh sa nonnTM- 
^eCKVle npecTyn/iewMfl Ha Ky6e, HensBeCTHO, ho ujecrepo 
M3 hmx, o KOTopwx BbiJio coo6meHO B ne^am. MAGHTH(tiM- 
MHpoaaMbi AMHHCTneki xaK ysHMKM coaecTM, npMSHaeaB, 
MTO no cpaBHeHMio c npomnHMM aecflTuneTMBMM sto 



npeAciasnneT snaHMTenbHoe coKpaweHMe, Amhmctmh 
npnawBaeT x 6e3oroBopowHOMy ocBoSowfleHiiio acex 
yamiKOB coaecin h aHHynHpoBannK) penpeccMBHwx aa- 

KOHOB, Ha OCHOBaHMH KOTOpblX OHM 6binM OCy)l{fleHbl. 

B TO BpeMfl, xorAaMMcno ycTaHoanenHbixyaHUKOB 
coaeCTH coKpaTH/iocb, Me>KAyHapoflHbie n o6mecTBeH- 
Hbie opraHti3auMM c BecnoxoiiCTBOM oTMeTMfiM yaefm^e- 
KMe apyrux mnoB HapyiuenHM npaa ^enosexa, BWiiOHaB 
KpaTKOCpOMHbiM npOMaso/ibHwCi apecr, yrposbi, awaoBbi 
B OTAenw MunwuMM vt roc6e3onacHDCTM m apyrwe BMAbi 
npecneAOBaHMfl. HanpaanfleMwe rocyflapcTBOM npoTUB 
POriHTMMeCi:i1X flUCCMABHTOB, HesaaHCHMbix MypnajiMC- 
TOB M flpyrWX aKTMBMCTOB C IjenbKJ OrpaHM^HTb MX B03- 

MOlXMOCTb ocymecTB/ieHMH (t>y"fl8"s"'''3'^^"''"' CB050A. 
noAoGHoe npecnefloeanwe, a AonoAHenne k asm- 

CTBMHM O0MMlianbKblX aKTMBMCTOB. lUMpOKO npMMeHBeT- 

cn Ar>n yAyiiJEHun nHMi4MaTMB rona npoexra Bapena a 
npoaeACHMM pecpepenflyMa no aonpocy o no/iMTkwecxMX 
pe0opMax. cofipasiuero noAnMCM 10000 nsfiMpaTeneii. 
HeoSxoAMwwxflTifl npeflCTasneHMn sToro npoexTa nepea 
HauMOHanbHOk^AccaMeneefiHapoAHwxCivi.KpoMeToro, 
HecKoribKOHeaaBHHXMHUMfleHTOBucnonbaoBaHMnHaCM- 
nMO npoTMB npoTecTyiomMx woryr CBMABTenbCTBoaaTfa 
Ha^ane HpesBbNaiiHO onacHoii TenaeHquM b AeMCTsvi- 
nx KySMHCKirtx BnacTeii a ue/iRx noflaB/ieHMH MwaKOMwc- 
nMH. ripuMepOM 3Toro na/iflioTcn AeMCTBMflCMn Seaonac- 
Hocm BO BpeMH coBbiTMM 27 i4>eBpa;iR 2002 roAa. KOraa 
2 1 Ky5iiHen npoexan e aBTo6yce HBxeppMTopMio noconb- 
cTBa MexcHKM B raaane. KoppecnoHACHT arenTCTBa Peti- 
Tep 3hapki KasTopH m TeneonepaTOp An(t)peAo TefleuJM. 
CHUMaeujue penopTawoB stom coStiTHM. 5binM msSmtw 
nonMMeiicKMMM m coTpyAHMxaMH roc6e3onacHocTH. V\c- 
TOHMMK e cny)K6B rocSesonacHOCTM cooSiAMn, mto oko/io 
150 Ky6MHueB. co5paBLUMXCB a 3tot mombht y bopot 
nocoiibCTBa, Sbinn apecTOBaHH c npMMeneHMeM nacM- 
jiwn. riocneToro xax nonwuMM Ow/io pa^peueHo bomtm na 
TeppMTopMK) noconbCTBa, oHa apecToaana Bcex npo- 
peaaiuMxcH Tyaa KySMHueB, BonbtuMHCTao 3aAep>tcaH- 
Mbix, BUito^an HecKontKMx MaaecTHwx flucCMABHTOB, na- 
xoanTCfl B 3aimK)4eHMH no ceii Aswb. 

KyfiMHCKMM 3axOH npeflycMarpMBaeT npHweHeHwe 
cwepTMOM xasHM rio MeHbiueH Mspe. 49 uenoaex Haxo- 
AMTcn ceMHac a xawepax cmbpthmkob. m WewAynapofl- 
Han Amhmctmh npoaon^aeT HacTanaaTb na nonnoH ot- 
ueHs cuepTHOM xaaHH. 

YSHHKM COBGCTH 

Ha Ky6e orpanMMeHMe CBo6oabi BbicxaabisaHMM m 
accouMaukiM aaxpenneHO saKOHOM. 

Oco6eHHo 3TO OTHOCMTCn n neaaaMCMMbiM )KypHa- 

JIMCraM M AfiflTeJlBM npOCpCOIOSHOrD ABMKeHMB - T.e. 

TBM, KTo paSOTaeT ane rocyflapCTBeMHbix CMH m ©(frMUM- 
arbHbix npocbcoioaoB. 

HM)Ke npHBOflHTCH KpaTKMM cnMCOK HCKOTopbix wnpe- 
cTynnSHMflB. BKnKweMHwx b yronooMbiM koabkc Ky6bi, 

npMMeHBfiMblM 8 OTHOtUSHMM ySHMKOB COBeCTM. 

«HeroHTMTenbHOCTb» (ct. 144) - npviMeHfleTCfl a 
oTHOLueHUM Tex, KTO /itoSbJM COOC060M Bfc>ipa>KaeT Hsyea- 
jxeHMe wnn 0CK0p6nHeT npeacTaaMTeneiS anacTM 



■KAPTA- « 38-40 20C< 



^ DfilTAEMbll OCTPOB 



li 




(tipBHcucKo '-iaeuBHo 
foHcanec 



OcKap Snuac 
Buccem 



Xecyc /}iK03ftb /Jaac Eepnapdo Apeuano 

SpHSHdec DadpoH 



BnsduMepo Pcwa 



>KypHa/iMCT Gepnapdo Apeeano HadpoH ocyityieK 
Ha LuecTvineTHMvt TiopeMHbiiii cpOK no o6BMHeHMio b oc- 
KopGjieHvm npes^aeHTa <t>Maejin Kacrpo m BtiLje-npe3M- 
aema Kaproca Hara 8 MHTepSbio, aamoM aMepMKaHC- 
KoA paAiiocraHUKM. 

Xynup Cecunuft J3enbBado npose/ia a TiopbMe 10 
MecHMea no oBeHHeHMio b «HenoHTHTe/ibHOCTn» 3a y^a- 
CTwe B MnpHOM MapLue. npMsweaBiueH k cD6nioflennK) 
npaa nenoaeKa na Ky6e riocne ocBo6o*fleHnn ohb ohm- 
Cbjsafia ycnoQHH b riopbue MaHTo-Herpo ksk icosep- 
lueHHO HeauHoCMMbie: aofla. npeAKasHa^eHHan jyin hh- 
TbH saKnKweMHbiMH, sarpHSHeHa KaHanHsaunei*. Borib- 
muHCTBo 3aK/iK)MeHHbix crpaaaer KOJKHbJMit aaSoneaa- 
HHOMii. fluapeei^ ia BarMHar^bHbiUH iiHCtieKUMf^MMx 

MOemecTBBHHbiM 6ecnopnAOK» (ct 200-201) - 
npHMeHseTcn k jbu. kto npoM3Bo;]MT aeiiCTBMn c HSMe- 
peHMeu C03/iaTb natHKKy unH sonHSHMR. 

Kapnocy OKeendo Podpusecy rpoasT, no MeMbmeii 
Mepe. flsa roAS rtopbMw aa « cosflamie o6mecTBeHHoro 
6ecnop>uixa» ti sHeno^TkiTefibHOCTbo, Bbipasviaujk^ecn b 
ny6/iMHHoii kphthkb Kacrpo. 

«Pa3rnauieHHerocyAapcTBeHHOHTaHHbi»(cT.95- 
96) - npuMSHfleTcn k TeM, kto pasrnamaeT rocyAap- 
CTseHHbie TaiiiHbi jiioQoro BHaa. 

0paMCUCKO Waeuawo roHcanec. npesMAeMT Hayno- 
HanbHoro CoBera no rpawABNCKHM npaBau Ha Ky5e, 
neo(t)MmianbHoro oSbeAnneHUB npaB033mnTHHK0B. a 
1 994 roAy 5bin ocyjuflen wa 1 5 ner TiopbMbi 3a nepeAa'jy 
MH0opM3UMM o KySMHuax, norMSujHx b uope bo epeufi 
nonbiTCK OewaTb ms crpanu. V Hero nsBa /jaeHaAUaTvi- 
nepcTHofi kmiukm. apTpMT. rvmepionv\n m cepbesHue npo- 
6neMb(CjierKviMii. HecMOTpnHasTo, OHAonroeapewRHe 
nonyuaeTHHKakoii MeflnunHCKOw noMOiuM M,6oneeToro. 
HeoAHOKpaTHo ornpaB/inncB e Kapijep. Oh 6W/1 jtiecroKo 
M36mt bo Bpewn apecTa h 57 hkjhh 1999 roaa. KorAa. no 
CBeflSHUHM MejKAyHapOflHOiS Amhmctom, nopeMiuMKH 
CJiouai^M euy roneHb h MsypoAoaanki riMuo- OpaHCucKO 
MaBMano ToMcanec neoAHOKpaTHO oBbnennn ronoflOBKM 
n pore era. 

«Bpa)Kae6Han nponaraHAa» (ct.103) - npMMeHfl- 
ercn npoma lex. kto noACTpeKaer hpothb coiawaniiCTii- 
i^ecKoro nopnA^a, MewAyHapoAHoJ* connflapHOCTn m;ih 
coLiManncTn^jecKOro rocyAapcTea nocpeflCTBOM ycThOH 
MnH riMCbMeHHoii nponaraHAw. npOTMB lex, o-o MsroraB- 
/ikfBaer. pacnpocTpaHner hh^ xpawMT npeAweTw Bpaw- 
fle6H0H nponaraHAw, rex, kto pacnpocrpaMneT nownyo 
MH<t)opMaunK), cnoco5nyio cenrb Tpeaory mjih Heflosonb- 
CTBO cpBAM HaceneiMfl. 

Cecunuo Meimeaydo Can'^ec npoeen HeTwpe roAa 
B TiopbMe 3a M3roT0BneHHe nMCTOBKM, npHSbiaasujeH 
jnoAeii He ronocoaaib wa BwSopax b oprawbi MecTHOii 
anaCTH B oKTnSpe 1 997 rofla. nwcTOBKa He Swxia OTnena- 



Tana m HepacnpocrpaHflnacb, CornacHo KyfiMHCKOw Koh- 
cTviTyijMM. rpawaaHe mmbut npaBO ronocoaaTb. ho hb 
oSnsatHbi 3T0 AenaTt. 

BuKmop Bpeccnep Bunnason h ero cwh 3Munuo 
Bpeccnep CucHepoc npoBe/m e TToptMax S m 6 ner 
cooTBeTCTBBHHo. Ohm nBTFi/iHCb i^jieHaMH oSmecTBeH- 
Hoii opraHMsauMH «HoBoe noKoneHHeB. o6beA)^HflBujeA 
HeaaBMCMMbix MHTenneKTyanoB m niicaTerefi. Bmktop 
Epecc/iep 6bin npuroBOpeH k 12 rouau TKtpbUbi sa 
nnoflroTOBuy BOCcraHkin n Bpa)Kfle6MyK) nponaraHAy», 3a 
npHHaAnejKHocTb KAnccHflCHTCKoii oprawHsannH n pac- 
npocTpaHeHneriMCTOBOK. 3MwnMo Bpeccnep 5bm npMro- 
BopeK t mecTn roAaM TiopbMbi sa «Bpa)KAe6HyK) npona- 
raHAy* B BMAe pacnpocTpaHeHHB nucToaOK. 

«0cKop6neHMe Hai4MoiiajibHbix chmbohobk (ct, 
203) ~ npHMSHfleTcn k xeM, kto ocKOpSfiBeT hjih BbiKa3bi- 
BasT npe3peHiie nocpsACTBOM moSoro AeiScrBMs k hbuh- 
OHanbHOMy ^naiy. rmnHy iinH rep6y, 

OcKap 3nuac Euccem npnrOBopeH k TpeH foasm 
TopbMw 3a TO, HTo B OKTnBpe 1 999 r. BbisecMn KyOiiHcitui* 
{Jirar na CBoeM BanttoHe «BBepx TopMaLUKaMM» bo Bpewn 
nposeACHMa npecc-KOH^epeHiimi c KypHanncTaMM y 
ce6n AOMa. 

«PacnpocTpaHeHHe Kneserbi o 6opb6e 3a MMp 

BO BCBM MMpe» (CT. 1 1 5) - npMMeHfleTCfl npOTHBTeX, KTO 

pacnpocTpaHfler K/ieBeiy c naMepenbeM onopo4HTb 
6opb6y 33 uMp Bo Bceu MMpe kjim noABepraer onacnocTii 
npecTM* wnii penyTaumo Ky6w n ee xopoiune oxHOiue' 
HUB c flpyrnMH rocyflapcTBaMn. 

reHepanbHWM csKperapb KesasMCMMOro npott)co- 
K33a Xoce Opnando roncanec BpuduH nposen 1 1 Mecn- 
ues B TKDpbMe B 2001 roAy sa nHTepneT-cTaTbKJ, b koto- 
po« OH o6BnHfln noniiLiiiK) a oTKaae paccneAOBaxb y6nM- 
CTBO Apyoro HeaaBHCMMoro npo4)coto3Horo jiHAepa, 
MoxaHHbi roHcanec Heppepti, no yTaepj^aeHMO snac- 
Teii, y6nT0M ee Awbiumm wyweM, 

«OnacHoe cocTonKnen (ct.72-74) - npHMenseTCfl 
KTBM, KTOHaxoAHTCflBcocTonHUkiroTOBHocTMKnpecTyn- 
neHHto unHflewoHCTpMpyeT noBeASHMe, npoTnaope^a- 
mee counamcTHnecKHM wopanbHWM nopwaw 

HesaBHCHMbiii >KypHanncT Xecyc jQxos/Tb /Juac 3p- 
Har/dec npoaen ABB roAae TiopbMe. cnxBapn 1999-roAO 
nHBapB 2001 roAa no aioii craxbe. PacnnbiSHaxocTb 
0opMynnpoBKn 3Toti crarbH YronoBHoro KOASKca neo- 
AHOKpaTHO HcnonbSOBanacb npoTUB rex, kto npHHMwan 
y4aCTne B AMCCHAeHTCKMx aKUMnx. 

B AOKyMenre, osarnaaneHHOM «La Patrja es de 
Todos» (PoflMMa npuMSAneiKUT Bcem), MaaeCTHbie auc- 
CHaeHTbi BnaAMMepo PoKa, Rene ToMec, (DenwKC GoHHe 
M MapTa BeaTpiic POKe KpHTiixoaanH pemeHkin, npiiHfi- 
TbJe rinxbJM ciiesAOM KoMnapmH KySbi, o6paLi4ani<icb k 
Ky6MHuaM c npM3biB0M caSoTi^pOBaxb Bbi6opbi. a mho- 



ww Kdla org 



^ KPACHDE KOAECO 



CTpaHuaM - B03nep>«<aTbCfi or MHaecTHuMM a aKOHOMHity 
Ky6w. Bee ^ereepo 6binM apecTOBaHw 17 rnonn 1997 
rofla ^ ocyweHbi aa «fleMCTBiin, yrpoxaioiuiie Hauwo- 
HanbHOH5e30nacHcx;TM»Hapa3nnHHbiecpoKHTTopeMHO- 
ro sawitOMeHHd-oTTpexflO nnTvi jist. B Mae 2002 rofla 
BnaflMMepD PoKa nocnean^t* ^3 ocywAeHHbix BuLueri hs 
CBoOoAy- CornacHO saflaneHMio, cflenaHHOMy ero weHOvi 
MaranH ApMac, cocroRHMe aflopoBbn Bna/i^uepo Pok3 
KpaflHe TfDKsnoe. Oh crpaAasT apTepMa/ibHoCi runepro- 
Kiieii irt xpOHH^ecKOHConesHbfonerKMx. Gorbmyio nacTb 
cpOKa saKJiKiHeHMfl PoKa npoaen a OflMHCWKe h weoflHOK- 
paTHO noMeLuancn B Kapuep. 

XyaH Kap/ioc rOHCA/lEC nema 



B;iaA^Mepo Potta - cuh Enaca Pok3, OAHoro ms 
ocHOBareneii KownapTHH Ky5bi. 

MeiKAYHapOflHaH Amhucthr npHSbiaaeT Ky5nHCKoe 
npaanTenbCTBO nonow^Tb HeueAfifiHHbiA kohcu bccm 
(tiopMBM npecneAOBaH»<Fi h sanyrHsaHiiH, hianpasjieH- 
HbiM npoTUB flMccMfleHTOB. KOTopwe BCero jiHUJb nwTa- 
OTCBOCymeCTSnnTbCBOH iJ'yHflSMeHTa/ibMbiecBoeoflbi, 
yK333HHbie BO BceoSiueii Aex/iapauMM npae MenoseKa. 

nepesoa c aHrjiMHcKoro: B .X. 



AA KVENHCKON TIOPbMbI 



3mo 6t.idepMKu u3 nucbua Xyana Kapnoca roMca- 
neca fleuBa. cnenozo nonutnsaKnKmeHHOzo miopbMbi e 
npoeuHUuu OnbauH <Ky6a). 

3anucaMHoe eeo menoO MapusoO roncanec nucb- 
Mo HedaeHo Ouno nepedaHO e Kouuccuio OOH no npa- 
BBM •^enoeeKa e Meneee. 

Ann CiinbBkiM klpi^OHao (Coioa MaTepeii m )KeHutHH 
npoTMB PenpecCMk* [MWAR]), 

riocne 1 3 wecnueB npeSbisaHtin b TiopbMe mhb He 
npefli.nBneMO o6BMHeHwe m h He npeflcran nepefl cyAOM, 
HO TiopeMLijMKaMM 6b)nM np^/ioKGHu 6onbiuMe ycMfitin, 
HToQbi sacraaiiTb mbha npeaaTb Bora n npaaa He/iOBexa 
H Ha^aTb coTpyAHM^aTb c snacTfluti. 

C oHBapn a uenn uepea pemeiKy 6pocaK)T on^nxH. 
no Bceii BepoBTHocrw, nponwranHbie pacTBOpOM. bwsw- 
BaioaiMM amyuKH^fi SerawiA^x no scewy reny uinnnki- 

OHOB JKyHKOB. 3tO Bbl3blBaeT y MBHH nOCTOflHHWft 3ya " 

He AaeT ycHyrb, 

3 He 3Haio, ^ro 3to - BMonornMeCKoe Beiuecrao unw 
xHMbtHecKMti areHT. ho a shbio, >4to 3to ne naceKOMbie, 
noTDMy 4T0, Korfla n Kacaiocb ko>kh, n He oBHapywHBaio 
cneflOB yKycoa. xot« oiuymeHiw npHcyTCTBytoT. 

flyui H3 onwnoK - eJKeflHeBHoe weponpuHTMe tk>- 
peMU4»iK0B. 

Bnepa 3T0 Ha»<a;iocb OKono 6 nononyflHH, Koraa n 
MOfiH/icn, CTon na KO/ienflx. OmymeHvie-KaK mhomcctbo 
K/ionoB, BHe3anH0 MaSpocuBujHXcn na nnuo m reno 3to 
MyMeHHe npoao/iJKanocb ao 2 wnn 3 ^acoB yrpa. . 

HeoanoKpaTHO H oenapywHBan. mto b mokj eay 
noa6poijjeHo yrono6Hi*KaMn pbothob cpeacTBO, it tb- 
nepb crapatocti ecrb. rmatenbHO laKpbiaan eay cbomm 
TenoM. 

riopoili B HyBCTByB, '^To ace Moe leno o5bmto uens- 
MH H 8CSt TUXSCTb MViQa nOWHTCB Ha MOM njieiju. fl 
i4yBCTBy>o, MTo norMSaio, 4to n we Mory BbinecTM sto 
6orbiije. Ho n Moniocb Bory, m MMCyc flaei mho cuny, 

3to nocTOHHHaH 6opb6a, nocxoHHHas nbiTKa, 

1 ctJeBpana n nonownr cBOii waTpau SrtMwe x asepw 
M3 >t(e/ie3H0M peLueTKM. MToSbi nonynHTb "jyib 6onbiue 
Boaayxa- HaA3npaTe/ib swAepHyn Maypau M3-noA mchb 
M Bw6pocnn ero b KOpMAOp, nocne Mero cxBarviJi Menn aa 
lueio H CTan Ayii"^Tb. Kpw^a, hto ecnw h xo^^y cnaTb, to 
Mory cnaTb m na nony b rpnsH, c uypaBbnuM. MumaMM ^ 
npoHviM. 




OanaMulbi OHM GpocwiH b 
K3MepyraKMHoro Kaxow-To xn- 

MMHfiCKOii CMeCH, 4T0 B03HWtJ10 

OLAyuieHHe, ctiobho cTeHi>i pac- 
Ka/iHOMCb, fl 6bin BwHywaeH aa- 
5MTbcn e AanbHMiii yron m hm- 
LiiMTbCfl Tora Majioro KonMne- 
CTsa CBe)t<ero aosAyxa, hto npo- 
xoAMn Hepe3 npyrbH A^epHOH 
peiueTKH. 

3to BeiaecTBo Bbi3Bano 
TaKyio ocTp/Kj 5onb a rnaaax, 
4T0 MHB Kaaanocb, mto ohm bot- 
BOTJiDnnyr. 

KaKabiM aenb naaai^paTerb yrpoxtaer mhc CMep- 
TbK). ecnM fl npoAO/iJKy ronoAOBKy b znan nporecra npo- 
TMB o6t«BJieHMoro mhb 5e3 cyaa BOCbMHneTwero tw- 
peMHoro saimioMeHiiB. 

Ohm HeflonycKawTKo mhs aaaOKara mjih cBsmenHM- 
Ka, /iMuiaiOT BCBKOi* Mm^opwauMM Mwe floaaonflBTCB 
nmub cnyaiaTb no paA»o nposepeHHwe rocyaapcraoM 
MnocneflHMB hoboctwb, 

n yTBep)KflaK), uto an. cymecTByeT, m Caiana noita- 
SbiBaeT Bce ero nMua SASCb. 

3Aecbflc/iwiijynns'<Mo/iOAb<x>KeHiMMHMCT3py)(, mx 
MyMMTenbHbie m jKyrKMe pbwaHMn waaceraa BpesaHw b 
Moe cD3HaHMe. 

Ohm Monnro nomaae, mBo HaxoAflTcw b KaMepax, 
ysKHx M TecHWx, ia6nTbix My>wMHawM, xeniuHMaMM. 
CTapMKSUM, OonbHbiMM M 6ecnoMoiUHbiuM 

Ohm MonoT o nomaae, noTowy 4to 3tm ^erbipe 
CTfiHbi CTBHyr bix MorMno^. 

B 3TMX KaTaKOM6ax KpWKM niOaeM OO^TM hs CJlWlUHbl 

M3-3a Tfl«enbix )Ke;ie3Hbix asepeM. Koraa weHiawHw ywo- 
nnroT noMOian. rtopeMiuMKM cMeioTcn h roBopoT: <i3to 
OHM XOTJIT MyjtWMHyn. 

Macro sannKweHHWM aenaioT mhiiBkumm TpanKSM- 
nnsaTopoB c Mflfibio noryMMTb nySntwHoe npnaHSHMe nx 

BMHbl 

3to MpaHHblit UKp. 

fl HaAeKJCb, MTO TocnOAb Haiu MwcycaacT mhb cwny 
BbicTonrb B MyneHMnx mom aapyeT MHe CMepTb, v\ n 
BCTpsMy Moero Bora. 

Miami Herald. 2003, 26 Anpenb 
nepesofl c aHrnMiiCKoro: B. X. 



■KAPTA- W3e-*0 J004 



^ 



obNiAEMbiij mm 



I? 



TPArEAMfl BYKCMPA «13 MAPTA 



» 



WenoeeK mo6um cao6ody. dawe ecnu oh hb 

3naem, wmo nio6um ee. u cmpeMumcfl myda. 

sde ona ecmb, u 6e>Kum ommyda. zde ee Hem 

Xoce MapTM 

3tot MaTeptian nocsftLiieH My}KMMHau. xeHuiMHaM m 
AeTfiM, KOTopbie paA»i ceoSoflbi pticKOBa/i^ )KH3HbK), a 
MHortie JiMLUMni^cb ee. 

Ohh caMH paccKawyro rofl bwcokom uene. KOTop^o 
npmu/iocb aannaTHTb. 

B 3 Haca yrpa 13 monn 1994 roaa 72 KyBuHCKMx 
rpawAaHMHa nuTajiMCb noKMHyrb ocrpoB hs 6yKCMpK0M 
cy^He «13 uapTSn, MTo6bi HanpaBHTbcn e AMepHxy 
CyaHO nptiHaAne>Kario OAHOMy via npeAnptinT^M MbiHH- 
crepcrea rpaHcngpTa 

CorjiacHO nOKB33nv\ftu Bbiwiiaujiix caMaeTeneii. 
BCKope nocne orxo^a SyKCHpa flea KopaOnn cTan^ 
npecneflOBSTb eyncup. FlpHMepHo ^epes 45 mmh/t, Kor- 
Aa 6yKOip 6bin y)Ke b 7 MHiinx ot noSepexbn Ky6bi. k 
npec/iefloaaTe/idM npvicoeaHHMnMCb eme ABa Kopa5/iB, 
oSopyAOBaHHbie BOAOuerauM. Ha crapuH 6yKCMp o5py- 
LunnMCb noTOKhi BOA^ >^3 CpatuicnoviTOB. Oaho hs cyAos- 
npecneAOBaTeneA 6noK»ipoaano Syxoip c Hoca. a bto- 
poe c CMJ10M yAspvino e xopMy. pacKO/ioa ee. Monb6bi 
Reteii H MceHLUMH hb ocraHOBMnvi HanaAeHtie CyAHO 
yroHyno h BMecre c hum - 41 naccajKiip, MHorwe He 
Momn cnacTHCb, noTOMy 4to crpyn m epaHflcnoiiTOB 
sarnanM vix noa nanySy. 

KowaHAw HBTbipex araKOBaBiuvix cyaoB 6bin*i oa©- 
Tu B rpa)4(AaHCKoe. ^ OHvt h^^cm hs noMornn TOHyuibiM. 

MapNd BHKTopMri rapcHa Cyapec: 

— Mbi BiiAenki, KaK Asa no>(apHb>x cyflHa npki6nH3M- 
jiKCb K Hau n craJiM o6cTpe/iMBaTb sOAOii us SpaHAcnoM- 
TOB. ByKCHpeiAeABMra/icn, kiMbi Kp^'^arMviM.HToSwOHM 
noiua/innn use- y wac astm. Ho ohh npoAo/iwann wac 
o6cTpennBai"b. xoth Buflenii Aeteii FIotom nonsHniiCb 
euie ABB KopaGnfl, ohh sawariM Hac c nerbjpex cropoH, 
npoAoniKafi sanKBSTb Boaoii. Ohm xojenv\, ^To6bi gyKOip 
onpoKMhyjicH. 

Te. KTo cnpBrajncB B xaioTo, flOnjKHw Shtrnt aaKpwTt 
ee, ^ToGbi He aanMno ABi^rarenb... TorAa Hac CTanM 
TapaHMTb, noKB He npoOMnti npaauti 6opT h SyxcHp He 
cran TOHyTb 




MapufT SutTTopun 

Tapcofi ocma/racb a 

*U8W)(, MO nomepuna 

lO-nemHeso cwwa. 



- Ohu npuKasusa/TU saw 

ocmaHoaumfaCfl? 

- 4ero OHM xoienH, o6nH- 
san HacM3 SpaHAcnoMToa? HeT, 
OHM He BQnenM naM ocranaB- 
nMBaibCfl, OHM npocTo nonMBa- 
nH H noiiHBanti. nOKa mu yxe He 
MornH ABHraTbcn Aa/ibuie. 3T0 
6bino6bionacHO TorflaMwoc- 
TaMOBHnMCbtt cKasarm: hCmot- 
pMTe. MM noBepHyjiki, Mbi ocTa- 

HOBMflMCb*. I'l OHM, BMA^. MTO 

MbiocTaHOBiririHCb. BpeaariHCb 

e 6opT Hamero 6yKCMpa m npo6MnH ero. 

- '^mo Cfiyiufiocb nomou? 

-ByKCHp 5bicTpo3aTOHyn. MbtnbiTa/mcbAepwaTb- 
cfl na noBepxHOCTH. Tau 6btno o^enb rnySoKO. H nbira- 
Jiacb BuTaiUHTb ceoero CbiHa, n ero He ornycKana. rnHy- 
jia HaBBpx, HO fl He yueio nnaearb. n ebinjiuaa/ia h cnoBa 
TOHyna. OKono Menn oKasanacb saxneGHyBuiaftcfl mcch- 
LUHHa. fl yxaaTHJiacb 3a nee h cra/ia BbiiacKHaaTb cwna. 
HO BOiiHbi GbiHH BbicOKHe, M fl yitte He cyuena.. ne 
Moma... OH laxneSbiBancn. 

- CKOfibKo 6uno uanb^UKy? 

-EMy 5bino10neT. 2aBrycTaMcnonHnnocb6i>i 11. 
Oh 3axne6Hyncfl. ho o aepmaria ero.noroMy mto wa^ien- 
nacb, 4T0 ero eme momho cnacTM. 

- Mmo npousoujno. Kozda sac oumamunu U2 eodbi? 

- f\ norepnna csoero wanb^MKa... 

WsHOTT 3pH3HAec TyTbepec 

- Mbi AepJKa/iM fleTCM. HTo6bi ohh BHAeriH hx, h 
KpHHam. «noM(ajiyHCTa,HeHaAo!» HooHHHeoQpamanH 
BHCManHn. flapeHb, KOTopwfi c hbmh 6w;i, - PoMan. oh 
Tenepb a Tiopbue. KpviKHyn TOMy, kto Hanpaanon hb 
6yKCHp 6paHflcnoHT: «3m, npHOTerb, ycnOKoiicB. nepe- 
craHb. riocMOTpH, 3flecb ABTOw, - OH noKa3a/i na cboio 
TpewieiHtOKi naA'^epMuy. Ecnu Sw ee (tto-to ne BSftn 
BHH3. 8 KaiOTy. 66 npocTO y6KJio 6bi cTpyeM boaw. 

Ohh He npeAynpe^flann wac 06 araKB » ne coo6tna- 
jiH HaM no rpoMKorOBOpMTenio, HTo6bi mw octbhobh- 
jiMCb- Ohm npocTo nosBonnnH nau noKHHyrb aanuB m 
HanafiH b ceuM unnnx ot 6epera, r^e ne mofjio SbiTb 
HMKaKMx CBMAerejieH, - Kaxne CBnaeTenM b ompbiTOM 







fl/tmauupa AHaO^ u eo cbis Xoce Kapitoc. Utapma Kappaco (uamb Hnmahiupbi}, Plocenb Hepec TaKopoMme (1 1 nem). 
KapudadTaK0pOHme(4eodal, Mapxomc Mettdec (17 nemj Bet ohu noiuGnu. 



•wa UfUorg 



^ KPACHRE mm 







KanumBH (Dudencuo Peuenb. Mapme TaKopoHma (3 soda/ Xynufi KapudaS Pyuc (34 aoda). Anien Rene A6pey soda). 
Bee OHu notu6tiu. 



MOpe? KorAa ohm apeaanwcb b nac, a BOfly cpasy jkb 
ynanw flBoe MywtMMH - MOii w/m h PowaM, tot napenb, 
KOTOpwii KpwMan kiu. MTo5bi OHH noiuaflHnH flBTeii. ByK- 
CHp 6bin npeAOcraaneH le'^enmo, noTOMy mto KanmaHa, 
ero MMn 6bino cDMAeHCMO Paueiib (Fidencio Ramel). 
c6nno BOflOK B MOpe. OH Mcyes. Torfla Paynb. ero no- 
MOinHHK,nonMTancfliTO-TOfipeAnpMHnTb,4To6bicnacTM 
Mac. ByKCHp Ha6pan oi^eHb MHoro eoflbi. Ohm HanpasmiM 
CTpyn npwMo nausTBvi. ne aaeas hm nofl«nTb ronoay. Mw 
y*e noHMMarm. hto yTOHSM, floraflbiBanncb, yro own 
xOTHT nac yBwTb. 

Paynb ocraMOBiin flaHraTenb. ho sto npnBeno nx b 
6emeHCTBo, flnn hmx ywe ne nwero aHaneHHB, nnbieew 
Mbi mriM HBT ByKCMp ywe He Mor ziep)KaTbCft Ha nnaay. 
Kopafinb, yaapHBLUMki nac a KOpMy. noAOUJen c npaBoro 
6DpTannponoMMnero.Te, KToocTaeancB noflnanySoii, 
6wnw oSpe^eHbi. TaM Sbinw b ochobhom MeniuttHbi m 
fleiM. 



Xopxe Aiih6epTo 3pHaHA6c: 

- rioawe Mananocb Menoe noAoBue cnacaxe/ibHbix 
flewcTBufi. KoMBHAa Ksrepa SeperoBOM oxpaHbi, Ha6nio- 
aaBiuafl sa nponcxofl«BUJHM. ne npeflnpHHMMana Hime- 
ro noMapHwe cyaa ne OKaauaa/iw noMomM TOHyaiuuM, 
KpkiKauM npuKasbiBan mm nnbiTb k Karepy GeperoBOii 
oxpaHbi HexoTopbiM ynanoch /lonnuTb iio nero. ho ne- 
CKonbKO flexefi 6wnM saTSHyrbi nofl bhhtw h norM6nM. 

Ho MHeHHK) KoMMccHM no npasaM MenoaeKa, 

ymep6,npMHHHeHHI>lk4He3aKOHHblMMfleHCTBHHMHKy- 

6HHCKoro npaBHTenbCTsa, raKoa: 

- cMepTb 41 HenoaeKa - noTepnesiuMx Kopa6ne- 
KpvuieHMe Ha 6yKCHpe «13 MapTa»; 

- yiuep6> HaHeceHHbiM ayuieBHOuy saopoBbw 
ocTaBUJMXcn B WMBbix naccaxMpOB 6yKCMpa m pofx- 
CTBeHHMKOB norH6ujHx, KOTOpbie He MuetoTflawe ren 
Ann aaxopoHSHHn. 



CnMCOK norH6iiJMX naccawMpoB 6yKCHpa «13 uapraH 



Anget Ren6 ABREU Ruiz. 3 rofla 

Jorge Arqulmides LEBRIGIO Flores, 28 ner 

Julia Caridad RUiZ Blanco, 35 fier 

Pilar ALUANZA Romero, 30 neT 

Yattamira ANAYA Carrasco, 22 roAa 

Marta CARRASCO Tamayo, 45 fier 

Yuliana ENRIQUEZ Carranza, 23 roaa 

Slndy RODRIGUEZ Fernandez, 2 roRa 

Manuel GAYOL. S8 nei 

Carldad LEYVA Tacoronte, 4 rOA* 

Reinaldo MARRERO, 48 n«T 

Helen MARTINEZ Enriqusz, 6 mscruSB 

Marjolis HENDEZ Tacoronte, 17 /WT 

Odaiys MUNOZ Garcia, 21 rofl 

Jos^ Carlos NIKEL Anaya. 3 roqa 

Leonardo NOTARIO G6ngora, 27 Jier 

Yousel Eugonio PEREZ Tacoronte, 11 neT 

Yasse (or Yasser) PERODIN Almanza, 11 rm 

Marta Caridad TACORONTE Vega, 3 rooa 



Ernesto ALFONSO Loureiro, 25 hbt 

Lissette Marta ALVAREZ Guerra, 24 roAa 

Giselle (H/iH Lisette) BORGES Alvarez, 4 roaa 

Ldzaro BORGES Btiel. 34 rooa 

Joel GARCtA SuArez, 24 roAa 

Armando GONZALEZ Raiz (tinH Raizes), 50 ner 

Augusto Guillenmo GUERRA Martinez, 45 jict 

Mario GUTIERREZ, 35 /ler 

Elio Juan GUTIERREZ Garcia, 10 neT 

Fidelio Ramel PRIETO Hemdndez. 50 nsT 

Mlralis FERNANDEZ Rodriguez. 27 ner 

Edjardo SUAREZ Esquivel, 35 ner 

Eliecer SUAREZ Garcia. 11 neT 

Estrella SUAREZ Esqulvet, 4S nei 

Yolindis RODRIGUEZ Rlvero, 2 roaa 

Omar RODRIGUEZ Sudrez, 30 roA" 

Yisel Borges Alvarez 

Rigoberto Feut Gonzales 



M nerbipe Me/ioseKa He onoaHaHbi., 



KAPTA' W3S-*0 XO* 



^ flEXTAEMblii QCTPOB 



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HyENHCKHE CHEIICJiyXEbl 



CneMcnywObi Ky6bi -TnaeHOe ynpaaneHne paieeA- 
Kki MMMMCTepCTBa BHyrpeHHHx flen m ynpaa/ieHne boch- 
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(b cocraae MwHHCTepcTBa peBomouMOHUbix Boopywen- 
Mwx Gun) 06a recHo cansaHw c coaeTCKiiMM, a renepb 
poccMMcxMMH pa3BeflbiBaTejibHbiMn cny)«6aMM. Otho- 
lueHHB MewBy cneucnyw6aMM aayx crpaH 6wnM sa^pen- 
ncHbi B AoroBope o bochhom coTpyflHitHecTBe ot 14 
MiOHB 1993 roQa m b aoroaope o coTpyaHUMecTse b 
BOSHHOM o6jiacTii OT 22 anpenn 1997 rofla. 

rjiasHoe ynpae/ieHMe paaseAKM (ryp) 

TnaBHoe ynpaanewHe paaaeflKn (rVP) oTBenaeT sa 
8HeiuHioK)pa3BeflbiBaT8nbHyK)fleRTenbHOCTb,OHo6bino 
oSpaaoBaHO a kohus 1961 rofla Torna ynpaaneHMe co- 
CTonno A3 Tpex ocaoSoflHTeribHbix KOMHTeroB - KapwC- 
CKMi* 6accewH, MsHTpanbHan m JOwKan Amcphkh. Bee 
awecre BxoflMnw a cocraa ynpaaneHun 0CBo6o)KaeHMFi 
(DL). B Manane 60-x ynpaaneHMe raiwe crano OTBeMaxb 
33 noAaepxtKy ocBoeoflMTentHbix fleniKeHut* a A0pMKe, 
HanpMMBp, ero coTpyaHMKn npHHMwann yMacTwe a caep- 
weHKM TipaBMTe/ibCTBa 3aH3ii5apa b 1963 roay, OiwaKo 
coeeTCKoe anHdHHe sacraBMno Ky6y M3MeHHTi. a KOHue 
60-x CBOio peBonioMMOHHyio cTparerHto m noflMMHMTb fVP 
KHB KrB sacTaBH/i Kacrpo cMeHMTb lue^a rVPa Many- 
a/ifl riHceiipo (Manuel Picetro) Ma Xoge MeMflesa Komuh- 
^eca (Jose M^ndez Cominches) a 1969 roay. 

B MacTosujee spewfl ryP coctoht h3 fuecru flenap- 
TaweHTOB, pa3fleneHHbix na aae KareropMH npn6riw3M- 
Te/ibHo paBHoro SHaneHHB: onepaTMBHbie h noftaep)Kkn 
OnepaTMBHbie BKJiioHaiOT a ce6s no/iMTHKO-aKOHOMimec- 
kmA flerapTaweHT pazaeam, flenapTaMe«T tioHTppas- 
Be/ixM M nenapTaMBHT BoeHHOiS paaeeflnii, flenapTawcH- 
TH noAQSpwKM BKnKwaKiT flenapraMeHT rexHH^ecKoro 
oSecneHeHMH, AenapTawenT yiH<papM3u,v\A m roAfOToa- 
KM.flenapTaMeHTTexo6ecne4eHMBOTBBMaeT3aM3roTOB- 
jieHHe noAAenbHux aoKyMeHToa, noaaepwKy m pa3pa- 
6oTKy CHcreM CBfi3ii c areHiypoki. flenapTawBHTbi mh- 




Ky6uncKafi HySuHKa - KourpBuc 3danuu CnymSbi 
aocdeaonacHocmu Ha nnowadu Pmo/twuuo a raa9ne 



cJJOpMauMM VI noArOTOaxM oTBenaioT sa aMann3 passe- 
AuaaTenbHOki MH(]]opMauiiM . 

nonM™Ko-3K0H0Mni^ecKMS AenapTaweHT coctomt 113 
MfiTbipex vrpaeneHMw: BocTo^iHafi Eapona, CeeepHan 
AMepHKa,3anaAHanEaponaiiA4)pnKa-A3nn-naTHHCKafi 
AMepHKa. flenapTaMeMT KOHTppaaaeAKu oTcnewwaaeT 
flenTenbHocTb HHocrpaHHbix cnei4c;iyx6 m HaASupaer 
HaA BbicnaHHWMH, flenapraMeHT BoenHoii pasBe^KM ko- 
opAHUMpyeT o6MeH nH<J)opMayMeiS aoopyjKeHHwx cn- 
fiax CLUA c ASHHUMM uBHTpa paAMOSfieio-poHHOM paa- 
BBflKn B JlypAfice. ynpaaneHne BoeHHOM KOHTppasBeaitH 
aefler xoHippasaeAbiBaTenbHyK) AenrenbHOCTb, paAno- 
anexrpOHHyio paaaeflKy w paAnoanenrpOHHyio 6opb6y c 
CLUA. 

noflaHHtJM aMepmoHqeB. MecMOrpH na nnaneBHoe 
cocTotiHHe KySuHCKOfl 3X0MOMMKH, TiiaBHoe ynpaB/ien«e 
paaaeAKM ocTaeicB yrpojoii ann HayHonanbHOft 6630- 
nacHOCTn CLUA KygnHCKan mhcchs b OOH - Tperbw no 
i^ncjieHHocTit nepcoHana. m awepHxaHuw npeanonara- 
KJT, ujo ncNTH nonoBMHa ee nepconana - cotpvahhkh 
ryp Ky6bi, ryp bbabt axTHBHyKi areHTypnyKi paSory 
CpeAM KySwHCKHX SMwrpaHTOB n ncnont.3yeT norox 6e- 
jKenqeB Af" 3acbini;n cbohx arenTOB. TYP co6iipaeT 
nonMTMuecityio, sKOHOMUMBCKyK) m aoeHKyio MHttopMa- 
UHK) a CLUA. B nocneAHne roAw rVP nepenec axuenTy 
Ha aeAeHMe npoMwiuneHMoro ujnwoHawa a CUJA, 4to6w 
no/iyMHTb flocryn k TexMonomflM, xoropwe MomM 6bi 

nOMO^b KySuHCKOM aKOHOMMXe, 

CLUA cHMTaiOT Ky6y cnoHcopoM Me)KAyHapOAHoro 

TeppOpM3Ma H OSBMHUtOT B TBCHblX CBflSHX C ny3pT0p«- 

KaHCKMMM cenapaTMCTawH h Teppop^1CTn^^ecKHMn rpyn- 
naMM B /laTMHCKOM AMepHKe. Ho AanHbiM ClUA, snanH- 
TenbHan nacrb 3tom Ae^TenbHocTH KOopflHHMpyeTcn ryp, 

AMepHKBHCKHM AenapTaMCHT 
UK KoMnapTMM Ky6bi 

Eme oAHoiS cneLjcnyweoM KySw flBnfieTCfl AiwepH- 
KaMCKMii AenapTaMBHT UK KoMnapTim KySbi. B ASuaepe 
1974 roAa ynpaeneHHe HaunoManbHo-ocBoSoflHTenb- 
HOro flBM«eHMB (DLN) 6bino peopraHwaoBaHo a Ambph- 
KaHCKMii AenapTawBHT UK KFIK. flenapTawsHT koopah- 
HHpyei TaiiHbie onepauim Ky6bi b noflAep>KKy Hauwo- 
HaiibHo-ocBo6oAMTerbHbix ABM>ceHMii. ripHHHMan ynac- 
Twe B ceepxeHMn pexMMOB a HMKaparya n TpcHafle 

flenapraMeHT oTseMaer sa nnaHMpoaaHMe w Koop- 
flHHaMMio ACBrenbHOCTM cneuMasa m reppopucTHHeCKMX 
rpynn, cereii areHTypHoiii pa6oTbi w seAeHMst nponaraH- 
Abi. AreHTbiAenapTaMeHTarawKeAeiicTByiOTBEBponeii 
apymx perHonax b noaaepwKy onepaunii b AMepuKax. 
flenapTBMeHT coctoht us neTbipex pernonanbHwx ceK- 
um - UeHTpanbHan AMepuKa, fOwnaH Awepuxa. Kapn6- 
cKMi* 6acceiiH \^ CeBepnaB Amcphkb, tbk me. xax LJenTp 
no MsyMeHMio JlarHHCKoi^ AMepHKH (Center for Latin 
American Studies) n Ue«Tp no my^eHvMO CeaepHoa 
AMepHKM (Center for North American Studies). ArenTM 
AenaptaweHTa ncno/ibaytor b Ka^ecTBe npMKpwTMfl no- 
conbCTBa,Ky6MHCKoeareHTCT80HOBOCTeMPrensaLatina, 
oct)HCbi BBMaKOMnaHMM Cubana Airlines, hhcthtyt flpyw- 
5b( HapoAOB (ICAP). 

AssHmypa Py 



www una Eng 



II 



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RPACHOE KDAECI 



POMAH C liJAKAJIOM 



^o CHx nop xoAHT ynoprtbie cnyxw 06 yHacTMM Ky6MH- 
CKHX cneucnydrtS B yGMSCTBe A^OHa KeHKeflH. Siy Bep- 
CMKi OTKpbiTo BbicKa3biBa;i flajKB npeaH/iBHT CLUA JImh- 
flOH Ajkohcoh: aKCHHenw nuTancn npiiK0H4MTb Kacrpo, 
HO KacTpo onepeAwn ero. B na^ane BO-x aMepHKanubi 
opraHHaoBarm BoceMb nOKyujeHMw hb Ky6nHCKoro jiMfle- 
pa KacTpo, no aaHHbiM LlPy, tomb noct>Jian HecKo/ibKo 
rpynn ar\f\ yGiiMCTBa KeHHeflM. Bee 3to xorfla-HMSyab 
BcnnuBeT hb nosepxHoCTbo. 

nepMOAM^ecKM BcnjibiBatoT HOBue aanHbie co- 
ipyflNMHecTBe KySMHueB c nereHflapMHM Me«flyHapofl- 
MbiM TCppopucTOM Kap/iocoM UJaKanoN. B 1999 roay 
napiiwcKHM aflBOKar Cep* PeBHiu aaxe ao36yflnn aero 
npOTMB Kacrpo, o5BHH»n ero B opraHMaauuM Me>iji,yna- 

pOaHOfi TOprOB/IK HaPKOTMKaMIri VI B MOKaaaHHH n0MOll(H 

TeppopHCTy Kapnocys. 

06 Mnbn^e (LUaKane) coo6maJin ksk o noAawmeM 
Haae)Kflbi peBontonMOHepe, KoropbiM pyK0BOflnn hh 6onb- 
Lue HA weHbiue, kbk caM <Ciiflejib Kacrpo n KHB. CornacMO 
necKonbiMM nySfiMKaiiiinM, Monofloii Hnbun 6bin ot- 
npasneH b /larepb hb Ky6e a/iti HfleononmecKoii o6pa- 
50TKV4. STOTnarepbHasbreancflMantanzas, Mynpae/ifln- 

Cfl OH COBMSCTHblMll yCHnUBMH KBCTpO H COSeTHUKOM 

KacTpo 113 KFB BuKTopoM CewehOBBiM. 

HcTopwiM npeflnonaraiOT. 4to HnbUM b narepe 6bin 
KCTyflenTOM» caMoro Ahtohmo flaryec-BoyBMepa, skbb- 
nopcKoro TeppopMcra. napTM3aHa. sHaioxa peBonioLiM- 
OHHOM BOviHbi H o0Mi4epa KHB. HjibMH HayMMncii nofibso- 
BaTbcn espbiBMaTKoA. aBTouarimecKMM opyiKMeM. oana- 
aen MSTOflawH uuH^poBaHun . flpyrvie hctomhmkm yraep- 
nyjaiOT, 4T0 OH nn4H0 acrpe^ancB c oryoM KaMH^bo, 
Ko;iyu6i^i^CKMM cenujeHH^KOM. craeiuMM napTiiisaHCKMM 
n^aepOM y Me Tesapbi 

Bo BpBMn noe3AKi4 b Bocro^HbiM BepriHH b 1979 
roay Kapnoc npusnec 8HMMaHne MHHwcrepcTBa rocy- 
flapcTBeMMOfi SeaonacMocTM (nLUTajMn). B «lDTa3M» aa- 





LUaKan Puc/hok cdenan eo epeun cyde6no30 npouecca 



HHTepecOBariHCb nanecTMHCKWM reppopviSMOM cpasy 
nocne repaiaa bo bpcmb OfinMnniic«wx iirp b MtOHxene m 
Hepe3 HCKOTopoe apeMn yxte ycTBHOBunM cbhsm c nane- 
CTMHCKHMn napTH3aHCKMMM rpynnawM. ArenTw MLJJTa3M» 
ycTaHOBMJii<i npRMOH KOHTaicT c noAenbHuicaMM LUaKana. 
KOTOporo ompaBunn wa Ky6y. 

Pemnn pacKpotTb ceoe kiMfi HaxoAHujtiMcn c 1986 
rofla B a«epnKaHCKo« 3Mnrpaunn «K0MaH,E;aHTe Mkcb - 
oa^H v\3 rnaBHbix CBMaerene^ oSb^hbh^a. rioa stvim 
nceBflOHHMOM CKpHBanCH XyaH Ahtohho Poflpurec Me- 

Hbep. BnpOLljnOM BblCOnOCTaSJieHHbliiHkiHOBHlIK MlAHV\- 

CTepCTeaBHyrpeHHHXflenKySbi SOnHBapB 1999roflaBO 
0paHuy3CKiie cyaeShbie HHcraHUMn nocTynn/io rmcbMO, 
B KOTOpOM XyaH MeHbep ottwuiiajibHo noflTBepflnn, hto 
KySwHCKoe rpBBHTejibCTBO onaawaano nowoiub BBHecy- 
anbCKOMy reppopHcry ^1^bi1»^y Kapnocy PaMwpecy (oh 
jKe Kapnoc UJaKan), orSbieaiomeMy b Hacroniuee Bpewn 

nO)«H3HeHHblM CpOK BO 0paHUy3CKOS TOpbMe 

BoT HTo 3aH8»in MeHbep: «Kapjioc kicnoubsoeancn 
c&MaeneM Kacrpo KaK KMnnep. eMy yuaawsanM, c new 
Kdao pacnpaBMTbcn, vi oh eunooHnji 3aaaHiie PnaeHOii 
onopoiS Kapnoca b riapiiJKe 5bm ApxHMea Ooa 3Toii 
wiHHKOft CKpwBanca peaiiaeHT KyBuHCKMx cneucny)K6 bo 
OpaHL4Mii, M3BecTHbiM KaKnaprt)KCKM(4 SABOKar ApMa^ao 
Jlonec Opra. ApxHMsa npeaocrasHn a pacnopH)KeHne 
Kapnoca nnib obohhux KBaprnp. CHnrbix KySMHCKkiMH 
annnOMaraMM h roproBbiMn npeacraBurenfiMM. Oh me 
cHa6)Kan reppopwcra aeHbrawH h nacnopiaMM". 

Pa6oTbi y fCaproca xBara/io B nacTHOCTW, XyaH 
Aktohho PoApvrec Menbep yrsepMAaer. ^ro Kapnoc 
HenocpeacTBeMHO npuHacren k yBwiScTBy e csHrnSpe 
1 980 roaa b naparaae SKC-flHKTaropa HnKaparya Anac- 
lacMO CoMocbi. yrOHHBiuiicb or Tflwe/ibix rpyaoB, Kap- 
noc nacTo npiiesjKan na orawx Ha OcrpoB CBo6oflbi, rae 
oBbisHO ocraHaBnviBa/icn b orene HTaaaHa nn5pe». 

AsBHmypa.Py 



M/jbiw Kapnoc Pauupec fUJaKon) 



'KAPTA- M3e-«0 2004 



^ KnAEMbli DCTPDB 



« 



n03T M «CnEUMA/lMCT 



» 



MscreHorpaMMbinonasaHMiicBMfleTennoBBviHeHMq 
na cyae naa no9T0M PayneM Pusepo 5 anpenn 2003 
roaa- 

KflpoKypop: Bauje hma? ffle bw jKHBeie? Mew Bbi 
aaHHMaerecb o oSmecTBeHHOii jkhshh? 

Hecmop Baeep: C SonbuiuM yflOBonbCTBueM, Menu 
sosyr HecTop Barep CaM^ec Tanappara, WHBy b Cbht- 
po-A6aHa (ueHTp raeaHU). flo npotteccwn n )4<ypHaniicT, 
HO, xpoMe Toro. c 1960 rofia pa5oTaio Ha opraHw rocy- 
aapcTBeHHOfi BeaonacHocrvi. 

npoKypop: KaKHM MMBHeM 6W nonbsyerecb ant* 
opraMOB rocyflapcTBeMHOfi 6e3onacH0c™? 

Hecmop Basep: OiaaBHO, 

ripoKypop. Oktbbmo ByfleM saaTb eac OnTaBno. fla, 
HecTop, 6yflbTe nioBesHbi. paccKaiKUTe naw Tor^a o tom, 
KaK3apoAnnacbAccoMiia4MfiHe33BMCHMOHnpeccw,ecriii 

Bbl 6b«J1H CBflSaHbl C 3THM BHAOM ABFITenbHOCm. 

Hecmop Eazep 3to npeanoKeHiie 6bino mhc cps- 
naHo KOHTppeaoniounOHHO HacTpoeHHWMM rw\x3-**vt. no- 
TOMy MTO nowaHAsvf MM nyweH 6bin >KypHanncT, ho Torfla 
fl cor/iacMficn na aiy pa6oTy, hioBw ewno/iHHTb ee pfl^ 
opraHOB rocyflapCTBBHMOM 6e3onacHocTn. to ecTb, bmb- 
CTO Toro 4To6bi nonacTb b nanu Tex, icto Aon*e» Sbin 
npMHMMMTb 5oni>iuoM Bpefl, n nocrapancs yweHbiuiiTb 
3T0T apefl. 

npOKypop: M 3to cnyxnno saw ana ronyweHHn 
nH(}>opMai4iin M AfiB Toro 4To6bi K BBM o6paiuanMCb 
jiKJflH, aaMHTepecoBaHHbie e npeflocTSBneHHH MHtfop- 
MaMMM epary? 

Hecmop fiasep MMeHHOTan. 

npoKypop. MornM 6bi Bbi paccKasarb hsm o hh^ho- 
CTM Paynn PnBepo vi ero cbrshx c stum thhom MeponpH- 

flTMii? 

Hecmop Baaep: Oh arnoronnK. m anKororiMSM ao- 
Ben eroAo caMOvi KpaiiHSM t{wkh, oh roaopiin 5or snasT 
HTo B yriEKe, B yHEAKe', bo secb ronoc. m sa aro ero 
Bbimann oroBCioAy. TorAa oh OKaaancn a OAHHOsecTBe 
H3 caMOM AHe rt, iiToebi 3apa6oTaTb na wMSHb, Hanan 
nocwnaTb cimxh m APyr^e aemvi aa rpaHnuy . ti tsk noneM- 
Hory, KorAa yaHfler, hto raM jKypHaniiCTiiiKa APyan, 




ocHOBaHB Ha nwK, ho npunocHT AeHbrw. oh ycraHOBiin 
KOHTaKTw CO caonMH 6biBiuiiMn TOBapMiAaMM 113 yriEKa 
Vi VHEAKa, KOTopwe HaxoA«Tcn sa pySewow, nocKonbi;y 
Bce OHH npsAanw pOAnny. vt oh BOcno/ibsoBancB apy*- 
6oM c MWMM, »<To6k.i OHM noAbiCKann ewy. Ky^a nHcaib. 
Torfla 3TM nioAH ycraHoaiinn KOHrairrbi c aMepuKancKHMH 
wypHa/iHCTawH h AOBiiniicb. HToSbi oh Mor nMcaib auc 
MaviaMCKOM ra3eTbi HrepanbA» - cawoiS KOHcepaaTMB- 
HOii ra3eTbi na lore OnopnAw, m, ecrecTaeHHO, eMy nna- 
THnM oneHb xopouio. 

rioTOM ero CBflsann c opraHwauneii awepHKaHCKOti 
npeccw. B tcoTopyio exoAf t ace Bnaaenbuw raaer ClilA, 
8 MMeMHO, cMAn (MesKaMBpHKaHCKOii accoquauHew ne- 
^arn). / 6naroflapfl mx BnMUHMK) h annnHHio waiiaMCKoA 
Matjjim OHM flo6nnncb, wto Paynn HasHannnM Bnue-npe- 
3MAe»T0M 3TOM accouHauMH no KapM6cK0My pernoHy m. 
KOHB^HO, c JKanoaaHiieM BM4e-npe3MAeHTa awepMKaw:- 
KOM opraHMsauHH. 

Oenune llepec PoKe: fl xoren 5u nofli<epKHyTb, mo 
HecTOp Barep - areHT Ky6nncK0M rocCeaonacHocTM Ok- 
Taeno c 1960 roAa ... Ka« BMA""fe, y nero So/ibiuofl onwr 
no 3TMM BonpocaM... HaA new tw cweeaibCB, Anura? 
fOCpauiancb k AMume Cuoy - saeedyioiueu Qiopo aue- 
PUK3MCK0B0 AsBHmcmaa neuamu AH.) Mto tw kaTaeuit- 
cn CO cMexy?» 

BbiiuenpMBeAeHHbi^ 4)parueHT ossyMvin h unpOKOM- 
MeHTiipoean» a caoeM MHoronacoBOH (no KacTpoacKOK 
TpaAHUMH) npecc-KOHctepeHuwM mmmmctp MHOCTpaMMbix 
Aen Ky6fa< Oennne Depec Pokb. 

npecc-KOH0epeHunR 6bina nocBBineHa cyay khba 
HaeMHMKaMH Ha cny>K6e MMnepMH». 

MTO-TO O'^BHb 3HaK0M0e 113 HfiAaBHeVi coaeTCKOki 
AeHCTBHTe/ibHocTH cnwiuMTCfl a anOKaaaHHflXB, a cko- 
pee - B ApywecKOM BeccAe arenTa-npoBOKaTopa h npo- 
xypopa, M3 60-80-x,ciix rpaaneii nacTepnaKa, Conwe- 
HMUbiMa, Caxapoaa, c npoueccaww flaHii3n» n Cuhhbc- 
Koro, GpOACKoro, TanaHCKOBa, PaTyiuMHCKOii, flenoHe, 
BOT TO/ibKO npnroBop yrnrMBaeT rnyOjue - bo TbMy Tpm- 
LiaTbix- nsTMAecflTux . . . 

57-neTHnii n03T m nySjiHUMCT Pay/ib Pnaepo Swn 
npMroBopeH K20(ABaAUaTii!)roAaMTiopbMbi 3a to. ^^o 
ocMenKncci Ayt^arb ne tsk. nan npeAriHCbiaan aenviKVibi 
BOJKAb Ky6kfHCKoro HapoAa 

flnn cyAa (pyKOBOACTBoaaBujerocB npMHminaMii 
peBOnouHOHHoii cnpaaeAnnBOCTH) noKaaaMnn cbkcotb 
c 40-neTHHM CTax<eM {«V nero 5onbtuo(i onwT no stum 
aonpocaw", - 3aMeTnr (te/iMne Depec). paayMeexcfl. 
0K33arncb 6onee BecowbiMn apryMeHTawH. new cothh 
CTHxoB 3HaMeHHToro nosTa, ony6;iviK0BaHHbie b paanwx 
cTpaHax, B TOM 'jwcne n a CCCP 

B OTJinHne OT no33HM AviKTarypa - ne BCHHa. 

A no3T Pay/lb Pmbbpo, b naKiix 5bi xiopbMax oh hh 
naxoAHncn. aceraa ByAST b cepAuax HacTonmux xy6MH- 

UBB. 



aenufw Hopec Pokb »o epewH npecc-KOM0epehuuu. 



ynEK fUPEC) - Coios Ky6uHCKux mypt^anucmoe (Un6n tie 

PehodistBS tie Cuba) 

VHEAK {UNEAC} - HauuoHannHbiv co«3 nucameneO u den- 

me/ieO ucKyccme Ky6t>i (UniCn do Escntores y Arlistas de 

Cuba). 



WWH kWU Offi 



12 



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KPACHDE KQJIEHO 



Pay/lb PMBEPO 



OCTATbC5I B CEPALIE 




Cthxm Paynfl PnBepo, Koropbie mu ne^araeM Hnjne. pasAenneT HecKonbKo 
AecflTvineTMM. CrMxaTBOpeHtie «KpaTKan onMCb» 6biJio KanncaHO b cepeziviHe 70-x 
roflOB. M nepsBOfl era »a pyccum bswk onySnHKosaH viiqaTenbCTBOM «nporpecc>i a 
c6opHHKe «no33Hfl Ky5bi» (&n6nnOTeKa Ky6iiHCKOii /iMTepaTypw) e 1980 roA/ Cth- 
xOTBOpeHwe «Opflep hs o6biCK» - oaho m3 nocneAHMx CTuxoTBOpeHMii no3Ta, Hanii- 
caHHbix MM Ha caofiOAe >KeHa no3Ta Bna^Ka Peiiec coxpatiKna era bo apewn 
KOHct)ncKaunM BCBx AOxyMeHTOB PMBBpo. Oho onyfijiMKOBaHo B «ypHane fiLetras 
Libres» B ^nne 2003. DepeBOA na pyccxm ny6nMKyeTCfl snepsbie. 



KPATKAfl OnHCb 



riocjie nocneAHMx ctJopManbHOcreA 

a Hanane 3a6BeHkin, 
KorAS TBoe MMfl ynernocb b nticrbie rpa4>bi 
MBA^UktHCKoro 3aKnK>HeHMn ^ APyvix cnpaaox, 
cor/iacHo Menoae'^ecKMM m lopiiAM^ecKMu HopMaM, 
» npoAHin-OBan tbom AawHwe - aoapacr n aApec - 
MywMM roJiocoM VI MyMdiuki cnoBawM, 
T3K, cnoBHo pe^b ujna o He3HaK0MOM MHe MenoBexe. 
nocne Toro, KaK mu oCTaBMnii Te5fl OAHoro 
cpeA^ rnynbix Sywa^KHbix LtseTOB h neyMfiCTHO 
npKoro conHua, 

n aaAyuancn o TsoeM HacneAcrae. 
CpeAM aemeii n He nauieji Hii'^ero dHTepecHoro. 
Cepan oae)KAa, 6otmhkw, onenoae^eHHwe noTaa-Jo 
TBoeii HoroM, yAoCToaepeHMf). rAe na 4)oto 
Tbi 6e3pa3nMHHO rriflAHUJb a CTopony {toTOxaMepbi . 
MewoflaHHMK, CKonoHeHHbi^ Hacnex 
noc/ie Mapra 1952 roAa, vi a Hew 
THyTbie H0)KHMi4b>i. xejiTbie pacuecKH, 
lAHfwuKH flfiB HOrrew h O'^kh, 
paccTaBLU^ecn c n^uOM. nopaaHHuii KaneHAapb 
AS Bbjpesxa CO crarbeM o momx nepabix cmxax. 
B KOTOpOk* Sojibme ntoBBH, Heu nomxM. 



B TBoeii KouHare ot Te6n ocranticb vi Apyrvie cneAu, 
HO OHH 6yAyT cTepTbi 6yflyiAMMM peMOHTaMU, 

nOKpaCKBUM, BpeMeHGM 

HMHero He 0CTaneTCfl, 

To/ibKo BocfTOMkiHaHiin, ujKBan serpa, Ha^exuibi. 

KorAa HeowkAaKHO a ymax saaaysMT 

TBoin ytaciukiin ranoc 
MnH BApyf n 06Hapy)i(y, hto 3tot KecT 

npMHaAnewHT Te6e. 
HfiH npocHycb vi nOKMy, mto Eviaen coh. 
a 6 HeM Tbi MHe oGbncnnn, ^to ace 6bi;io chom. 
BoT Bce. MTo ocraHeTcn. qapcTBO cwepTM 
He npeAnaraer afibTepHaiMB. n ace xte 
3TOMy uapcTBy aaupwr aocryn 

B>HeroBeiecKvie cepAua. 
era TBHb He CKpaAtxaaer nenoeeKa HaecerAa. 
^enoBef! CMnbnee, oh abiwHBaeT, 
npOA/ieeaeTC!) b cbocm nenne {Brio6neHHow npaxe), 
B Kanne xpoBM, nio6Bii, xoropaa opotuaer aeMJiio, 
onoaeman, '^to 6bi/ia xHiHb. Kpacnan Tennan Kposb 
TdM, rue cerOAHH He ocranocb hh nyribca. hm earnnAa 

nepeeod c ucntHCHOio: iQpuii Hca«« 



OPflEP HA OBbICK 



Hto Mmyr a AOMe mobm 

3tm cenbopu? 

Hto AywaeT no;iMue(iCKHfl, 

HMTaB TOT JiMCT SyMarM, 

B KOTOpOM n nepefiMpaio 

Cnoaa: wHecTbs, saocTynHOCTt" m «xpynKocTb»? 

KaxMe T3KMe TaMHbi HaxoAnT hb cJiOTOKapTOMKe, 

r^e CTOviT MoA oTeLj b xpecTbUHCKOH py6axe 

(KDMa TeMHa) 

y HaijMOHanbHora KannTOJi«fi? 

Mto CKpbiBaeT OT hmx cBMABTenbCTBO paaaoAs'' 

KaK QH\A paCLUM(t>pyK}T 

BoeHHbie HHCbua npaA^Aa? 

BoceMb nonMLieMCKMx 

JlHCTaioT TBTpaAXM c pkicyHKaw^ Motix AO'^epe^ 

B novicKax cnpnTaHHbix aApecoB, 

MoHM xotut 3HaTb, tab cnHi AHApe^Ta, 



V\ cjiyujaTb ee AbixaHne. cTMcxyToe acrwo^, 

LUypLua p^aom c hbio 6yMa>HH0A nwobio. 

v\ CHoaa t4u4yT LUHcppoax^ b CTpo^Kax momx sanMCOK, 

C ycMeiuxoi* 4HTaeT «TOBapiiin>>: 

«Ha yxiMue noxonoAano. 

He CTOMT ryrnTb c pe6eHi<oMi». 

Hyib noawe eme npiixofltn: 

JlMTepaTypHwii kphthk. 

PeuBHSHpyiOlMHki flHCTOneTOM CrpOKM MOHX cnwoB. 

BoceMb noHHueh^CKtix 

X03fliiHI1^aK)T B AOMe, 

kiM Aan na 3to npaao 

«3aK0HHbiM» opAep Ha o6bio(. 

no nponeTapcKviw saKonau ohm OAep)KanH no6eAy: 

Ohh KOHi^HCKOBanki nkiiuyutyK) MamHHKy, 

CoTHio nepHoaMKOB iiABe QenoBbie crpaKiiKbi 

M ^e^a;lbHylo rpyAy nHHHwx momx sanwcoK, 

Bee 3T0 npOkicxoAMJio HbiHeiuHHM neTOM. 

/Tepeeod c ucnancKOBo: BnaduMup XonntotopCHUu 



-KAPTA* WM-W JOW 



4 OBITAEMbli OCIPOB 



BMKTop 3AXAP4EHKO 



MHTEPHET nO-KYEMHCKM 



MHTepMET wa Ky6e eosHHK, ksk m MMoroe Apyroe, c 
Oflo6peHMn sejinKoro *i«ien«, B 0icTn6pe 1996 r. Sbino 
omaLijeHocoo6LueHiieMMHMCTepcTBaMHocTp3HHbiXAen 
fljiB ne^axM. B hcm roBopmioct nKy5a, noflKmOMMBiuMCb 
K klHTepHeTy, npeepaikina b aeiicTBiiTent.HocTb asBHKiio 
Me4Ty MMeib aocryn k MewjiyHapOflHowy Hatuieamo 
npeAKoe bo Bcex oSracrnx nosHaHMo, kotopumh y)Ke 
nonbsyiDTcn 36 M^nnMOHOB uenoaex e 160 crpaHSx 
MMpan. 

MweHHO c 3TOro MOMSHTa momho eecrti orc^er 
WW3HH xy6nHCKoro MHiepHeia, saraflOHnoii m nenoxoweSi 
Ha cyAbQbi ApyrMx HaijHOHa;ibHbix r^Tesbix cerMenTOB 

ByACM M ubi McxoAbiTb M3 3ToA flaTbi, xorn AOue^ 
eepxHefo ypOBHO cu nonewncn »a cbbt eiye 3 wtoHs 1 992 
roaa. Ho. Kan Macro 6wBaeT s crpanax c cviJibHbiM snAtt- 
HiieM rocyaapcTBa Ha see, paaetiTvin MnTepHera ^oypoB- 
Hfl,o6o3H3MeHHoro3aflBneHMeM MMQa, ne 6bino. Mmsh- 
Ho B 1996 may MHTepHer oSbflBuncn Ha Ky5e, rae 
rapaKTHpyeTcn CBo6o/ia cnoea m rpaxmaHCKt^e npaea, 
HO MMeiOTcs MHoroHMCnewHwe nonMTaaxfiio'^eHHbie n 
sanpemenbi □nnosnuMOHHue nonvnvt^ecKtfle napTHd. 

C nepBbix aneii KyfiwHCKoe rpaBurejibCTBo oSbflBvi- 
JioAOCTynKMHTepHe'ry0yHaaMeHTanbHbiMnpaBOMKa>K- 
Aoro Ky6HHua. Ho He ace OKasanocb rafc xpacMeo, xax b 
saflBneHwnx nonnTWK06, To/ibKo ceroAHn crpana BWiiina 
Ha OTMCTKy 1 KounbtoTsp na 100 ue/iOBeK. npn stom 
6onbLijiriHCTBo Mami^H cocpe^iOTo^eHO b Hay^Hbix l^cht- 
paxnnapTnfiHO-npaBnTenbCTBeHHbixy^pe)KAeHMnx. Bto- 
pafl npo6neMa b tom. ^to igeHa noAKinoneHMFi Ann nimHo- 
ro nonb30Bantin ceroAHn cocraanneT 3KBM6aneHT 250 
AonnapoB. a a^r opraHHaauM^ - b iiBa pasa Sonbiue. 
TaKMe cywMbi, npn cpeaHefi sapnnare xyenHuea a 5-10 
AonnapoB. cTanoBflTcn HenpeoAoniiMbiM 6apbepou na 
nym rpawaan k Cbtm, 

J\a*e pa6oTHHKM HT-ceirropa (TBx«onorM4ecKafl pe- 
BorK)i4na Ha Ky6e - b paarape, no octMUManbHOii sepcmi) 
nonynaiOT b mcchu nopnflKa SOflonnapoa, TocyflapcTBo 
onraHUBaeTAocryn npuMepno copoKa rwcjt'^aM naprnti- 
HbixHWHOBHHKOB w ynenbix. hto Ae/iaer mx hbho npMaiine- 

THpOBaHHblM KJiaCCOM Ho H 3TH C^aCT/lUB^HKW He MOfyr 

noxaacTaTbcn cbo6oaom b Cervi. 

Becb HHTepMBT npoxoflHT 4epe3 rocyAapcTaeHHoro 
npoBaf^Aepa. abino/innamera ao neAasHero speueHH » 
ponb napTHWHoro xoHTponepa Mepea xaHanb) Uenrpa 
ABTouaTHSMpoBaNHoro o6MeH3 /laKHbiMH CENIAI npo- 
xoAHna sen tiH^opMaijHci - ksk axoA^iAan, tsk h ticxoAf<- 
man. He nponycKaercfi hm noa xaxiiM npeAnorow nopnor- 
patJjHfl « HHipopMauHn HsmenajenbHoU nonnTHnecKoH 
oxpacKH. 

HnpoSneMw HHTepHera na Ky6e MHxorAa HeSbinn 
TexHMHecKMMM M/iM 3K0H0MHHecKMMM. Kax H B nio6oki 
Apyroii CTpaHe, ohm Ha 70 npousHToa nonMTH4ecKne», - 
Tax 0T03eancfl o nonoMteHMn i^HTepHeta ua Ocrpaae 
CaoSoAbi MapTHHBc, rnasa ynOMnnyToro CENIAI. 

B CBOHX HHTepBbK) TOB. MapTHHeC HeOflHOKpaTHO 

OTwe^an. mto b npoSneMaxcocansbO (Ky5e npHxOflMTcn 
nonnaoBaTbCB AOporntM cnyrHiiKOM) bmhobch ceaepHwii 
cocefl. no cnosaM MapniHeca, 3;ibie shkh He nosBonnioi 
Bcewy MHpy ycnbiiuaTb npasfly o Ky6e or cawHX KySwH- 
uea, XoTfl CTapbiS vi wyApbiii tI>nAenb Kacipo sanstin. hto 



HMeHHo MMTepieT AacT ero HapoAy BOSMOMWocTb ae- 
liiaTb na eecb Mv\p 

nOJlHTMKM OKOnO H BHyTpM Ky6HHCKOrO HHTepHBTa 

oneHb MHoro. Mo)Kno flawe CKasaib, mo Cen. n nonrnviKa 
cpoaiMCb M MOryr paccMarpMBaTbCfl nrnub b bahhom 
KOHTextrre. He apn sPenopTepw 6e3 rpawHMw b cbosm 
aoxnafle npMBenw Ky6y a xaHecrae npiiwepa cTpanw, 
rfle WHTspHST peryfiMpyeTcn nocpeflCTBOM BoaaeHCTBHa 
Hepe3 npoeafiAepa. 

He oQe npaBAi^Bo b c/ioBax ToaapMuo MapTMHeca. 
CymecTsyiOT u npo6neMbi hmcto TexHH^ecKiie. M ecnii o 
HeflocraTKe xoMnbiOTepOB cxaaano Bwiue. to npHiijjio 

BpeMH BCnOMHHTb M HH3KOe KaHeCTBO TeneCtOHHblX co- 

eAiiHeHMii.'^ToycnowHBeTAOCTynxCeTHAaMecHacTnM- 
BbiM o6naflaTermM nornHa h napona HpaaAa, aaecb 
htaQj^KiAaiOTcn no3»iTviBHbie cABkirM. MexoiKaHUbi co6ki- 
paK)TcnuHBecTi4poeaTt>BTene(^OHHyioceTbKy6bi oxono 
1 ujipA. AOf^fiapOB. C nououjbK] ar^xaeHer n/iaHMpyeTCfi 
noDHOCTbio CAenaTb L(ki0poBo^ le/ieitioHHyio ceib oct- 
pOBa roAy 3TaK b 2004-m. 

CeroflHB Ky5nHCKMH dHTepHBT cocTaBuniOT nopnfl- 
xa IBOOOcaiiTOB.coeMpatouine 15MnnnwoHOBnoceiue- 
HMki B HeAenio. 

BeAymni* Ky6nHCKMM nopra/i www Cuba cu noAflep- 
jKMBaeTCfl CENIAI m 5bin sanymen b 1997 roay. Bee 
MaTepManbi 3Aecb nySriMxyioTCFi na HcnaHCKOM. UpnaO' 
a^Tcn 6oiibiuoe xojiMHecTBO ccbinoK H3 caitTbi. rae ony6- 
nHKOBana BnpaBHnbuafin nHCt)OpMaMnn o Ky6e, 

flpyroM KySHHCKWM nopTan, NottNet del CiibaWeb, 
nanfieTCd aemaieM eiye oanoro npoaaiiflepa - Notinet, 
3tot pecypc npeaocraBnueT nortbsoeaTennM 5onbiuee 
pasHOoGpaa^e HOBocre^ ^ iiHCt)opuauMM. MsnananbHO 
Bce MaTeoMajibi nySrinxyiOTcn na McnaHcxoM, ho HaH6o- 
nee aaxtHan HHC^iopMamtn ay^nnpyeTcn na aHrn^MCKOM, 

43paHUy3CKOM. HeWeUKOM M Hra/lbRHCKOM n3blKaX. KSK tl 

www.cuba.cu. CubaWeb ny6nMKyeT MH^jopuaukiOHMbie 
MaTeptia/ibi, cnyujeHHbie caepxy. V\ HaseaHMe. ^ Jioronin 
NNChto-to oneHbHanoMMHaKiT . 

Cxo»ee nonoxeniie -My Ky6nHCKMx ceTeawx Macc- 
MCA^a. B cauoH crpane ki3 o^iHLiMarbHbix npeACTaan- 
re/ibCTB MHttJopMauMOHHbix areHTCTB ecTb nuiub npea- 
CTaanTe/ibCTBO CNN a raaane OcxanbHan we KapiwHa 
coGbiTMii Ha OcTpoee CsoSoAbi u^poBbiMM areHTCTBauti 
(JjopMvipyeTCq nH6o no paccxasaM CBe)iienpi«6bioujiix 
SMvirpaHTOB, jimSo Ha warepHane lambix saniicoK ity- 

6HHCKKX A^^CCt^aeHTOB. 

Ecnn y>K ubi 3aroBopMnn o ueHsype, to cneayer 
ynoMHHyrb v\ o npocwoTpe ajieKTpoHHoil* xoppecnonaeH- 
MMM. Otfi^MnanbHwe anacTM 3Toro h ne OTaepraioT, ohm 
HMUJb yTBep>KAaiOT. HTo npocMaTpMBaiOTCfl nmiib coo6- 
meHMW «3 noTBHUMa/ibMOH Mrpynnbi pMCxaa na npeaMeT 
KOHTppeBonwuMOHKbix jaMwcnoB. K rpynne pHCKa. no- 
HHTHO, OTHOcarcfl npaKTMuecKM see, Hwerainiie aocTyn k 
HHTepHeiy Ha Ky6e. MecTHbie >Ke KKOHTppeBo/iiouMOHe- 
pbi» nepeaaiOT cbom waTepManbi and ne^arM s CLUA c 
noMOiAbK) cneunajibHo xoaMpoflaHHwx nwceM h/im 0aK- 
CMMIUIbHUX cco6u4eHMi4. 

H3ceTeBbJxnpeacTaBHTenbCTBO(I>0naiiHOBbixCMM 
cneflyeT HasaaTb Granma - octiHMwoa Ky6nHCK0M kom- 
napTMM. MaTepbianbi b ceTeaoM aap^aHTe raseTbi ny6- 



w*/w¥anaorQ 



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KPACHOE KOilECD 



jiMKyiOTcn Ha MHomxnawKax. HeapnpynopnapTMUflBJid- 
eTCfl oflHHM M3 caMWx HoceinaeMbix pecypcoB Bsone cu. 
Ewe oflMH pynop, npaB^a, pawroM ia nonynflpHOcrtio 
noHM«e, - Porlada. TeMa npaBH/ibHOcrw H36panHoro 
nyiH BapbMpyeTCfl bo bcex MarepManax m 3Toro MMSHHn. 

A uTO >Ke xy6MHct;an onnosHUHti? O^eanAHO. 4T0 hs 
Ky6e noAo6Mbie caMTw paawewaTbCfl He Moryr. npHCTa- 
HMiue OHH Hauinti b oahom 113 caubix KpynHbix uevirpoe 
KyCuHOioS^ flMacnopbi - MaiiaMn. H pecypc CubaNet. n 
C0KD3 CBoSoflHbix xySuHLjeB nosBonntoT B3mflHyTb na 
KyCuHCxyK) )tcM3Hb c TOMBK 3peHMn, He npeflCTaeneMMbix 
pynopaMd. 

EcTb Ha Ky6e h ceoe vlHTepneT-paaMO PaflMO 
Havana Cuba (RHC) TpaHcnMpyeTcn b kopotkobojiho- 
BOM tJJOpMaTe na McnancKOM m aHrnniicKOM B3biKax Mh- 
Tepner oSecne^wn RHC 3HaHHTejibHbi« pocr ayflMTo- 
pHH. noflo6HO SonbuJHHCTBy nyfiMHCKHx caiiToa, RHC 
nod/iep>KHBaeTc«) h3 Ky6bi. a paauemen a Kanaae CatiT 
BWXOflHfi M3 crpoji Bcero pas, ho 3to npOMSOiuno xaK pa3 
B iieHb npMesfla b LUtatb) 6a6yiui{ii 3nnaHa ToHcaneca 
(noMHMTe eme aroro Ma/ib^wKa?). 

Ceoto MH(t)opMauMK) a Cerii pa3MeiuaiOT h pasnim- 

HblB MMHMCTBpCTBa H BeflOMCTBa. CpeflU HMXMHHMCTep- 

CTBO KyntTypbi ia flenapiaMeHT TaMO«eHHbix cnyw5. 
BonbiiJHHCTBO nySfii^KauMki na 3tiix caiirax AySnupysT 
raseTHbie nyGriMtauuM McKrixmeH^eM. nowanyH. flBnn- 
BTCfl niiiub ueTeocjiy>K6a. BweAHesno ny6nviKyiciu4afl b 
CeTM nporM03bi noroAbi. MHcjiopwauMO Ha acex 3thx 
caKiax- na HcnancKOM muxe 

no/ib3yK)TCfl Ha Ky5e h anenrpOHHoS noiToii (cyme- 
CTsyeT Aa>*<s 6a3a ABHHbix KySMHCKMx nofibsoaaTene^ 
www, Cuba web.it/cubaweb/difectorio htm). Bee 6e3 mc- 
KJiiOMeHHfl, KaK y«e rOBopHnocb, onacaioTCfl, mto hx ne- 
penncKaMOJuernpocMaTpHBaTbcn. DoaTOMy BHyrpn crpa- 
Hbi H35npaK)TCB HHwe cnocoCH nepeAauM coo6meHmi, a 
B KoppecnOHAenmiM 3a npeAenbi ocrpoBa Mcno/ibayiOT- 
cn PGP M APyme cnoco6bi iUMtJipoBKH, 

ripti 6ernOM B3rnaae »a KyOMHCKiie caviibt GpocaeT- 
cn B rna3a Manoe Korn'^ecTBo crpaMMu Ha MHocTpaHHbix 
nswxax. 3to ocoSeHHO yAHBurenfaMO BCBeTesanB/ieHdli 
BnacTew, Ecnw Ky6a xoi^eT h b cawow flene OTKpbiTb 
rnasa Miipy na )Kii3Hb KygnHueB. to HaAO 5b\ o533BecTi4Cb 
VI no/iHOueHHbiM aHrnOH3bNHbiM pecypcoM, KaK mwhh- 
MyM. 

klCKJiKweHMe cocraBnnKiT caiiTbi, opHenTiipoBaH- 
Hbie na HMOCTpaHHbixTypMCToe. riocKonbKy KjiMwaT Ky6bi 
aenaei ee noTeHuiianbHO npuBnexaTenbHOM ana rypMc- 
TOB Bcero Mwpa, MHTepneT tunpoKO McnonbsysTcn Ann 
pennaMbi Ky6tiHCKiix KypoproB. FlopasnTenbHO. ho na 
Ky6e Aa)Ke ^yHKutiOHMpyer cneuHantiHtii^ nposaiiASp 
GET Teiedatos, npeAOCTaannKiutHii HHTepHeT-ycnyrn 
HCxmoMMTenbHOTypHCTawHKypopTHbiMOTersiM. HspeK- 
naMHbix caiiTOB naaoBeM nopranbi CubaViP m GoCuba. 
opi^eHTktpoBaHHbie Ha aHmon3bmHbix rypMCTOB. a laxxe 
FlexiVacations, npeflHaaHaHeHHwi* A"*" (JipaHKOroBopn- 
mero HacereHMB nnaneTbi 3eMnn Bee ohh pacxaaniiBa- 
KiT Ky6y. connenHbiii TponMMecKnii paii c MapyioiyuM 
no6epe)»tbeM, npKMMH xyjibTypHbiMH rpaAMUn^MH, Mrpa- 
MH M MySbiKOH Ha KaKAOM luary. 

TaKMMH, B npHHUMne. MAOnWHbl 6blTb CaKTbl-BH3MT- 

KM nypopTHBix crpaM, MO TypHCTbt napanrenbMO c stoiS 
nH0opMaui*ei;i npoxoASTcn m no onn03nunOHHbiM caii- 



TBM B noi^CKax AaHHbix o peajibHoii CMTyauMM b crpaHe. 
TaKUM oCpasoM. Mbi chobb B03Bp3LU8eMcn K nont^THKe a 
KyHare (u& ofieccyA^Te aa laKoe coKpautBHi^e. BbiieKa- 
■omee vis Muenn AoueHa). To^^Hee, k onno3ML(MOHHbiM 
caOnaw aa pySewoM. Ha OcrpOB CeoSoAbi MHCtopMaqvin 
c 3TMX CTpaHHLj. saKpbiTwx K floCTyny H3 Ky6bi , nepecbina- 
GTcn B BviAe npMno>KeH>iA k riHCbMau naASiKHbiu ntoARM. 
noMMMO yxe ynoMBHyrbix caflroa H3 conHSHHoii (DriopH- 
fXbi, aKTHBHO Bemaer b Ce™ Ky6MHO-aMepM«aHCKHrt a©- 
MOKpaTMHecKHili npoeia www,cadp-n/c.org, npM3biBaio- 

mUH OCBOSOflVITb KySuMCKMH MBpOfl OT KOMMyHUCTHHeC- 

KOM oneKii. 

flOCTaeTcn na opsxM h caMOMy OHAenw Kacrpo. 
CaST c KpacHopeMUBbiM MaaaaHHeM No Castro ny5niiKy- 
BT Marepnanu. o^tepHBrotAne SopoflaToro BO*An Bcex 
KySHHueB. Bonee cAepJKaH b cbomx cywAeHWBx Ky6nHC- 
Kyivi MHCTHTyr flewOKpaTim. oebeAHHwromnH Bcex as- 
MOKpaTwecKH HacTpoeHHbix xySuHqeB. npojKMsaioimix b 
CliJA. 

CeroAHfi ocHOBHue npo6neMbi HOpManbHoro paa- 
BMTMfl MHTepHfiTa H3 Ky6e re«aT rAe-ro MeiKfly nonnTM- 

KO^ k4 SKOHOMMKOVi 

B nocneAHeiS orpacmi saMeTHo 6orbme nosiiTMB- 
HuxcABKiroB. BnaroAapn nepeo6opyjiOB3Hvi>OTene(t)OH- 
Hbix nMMHii yjKfi k 2004 roay wa Ky5e 5yAeT co3AaH0 
AonofiHMTenbHO 200 MHTepneT-yanoB. npeAyCMOTpenbi 
nbroTbj A/in nocraBinHKOB nO na Ky6y. Poct nocraBOt; 
nporpawMHOro oSecneHeHun B03poc c 1 999 no 2000 roa 
B 6,5 pa3a. fla h B caMoA CTpaHe y»e (JjyHKmiOHMpyoT 
6onee 30 n0A06Hbix xoMnaHMM. Vme cerOANt) Ha ocTpoae 
40 roKarbHbix cereti yneSHUx saaeABHuvt o6beA»iHeHbi b 
o6myK> 06pa30BaTenbMyKi cerb Ky6bi HaMHoro ynyMiuMT 
xa^ecTBO CBfl3H 1^ onTOBonoKOHHbiki i;a6enb. coeAi^Hflio- 

lAMM OCTpOB C <t>nopHAOM. 

Bee pe*e npuxoAHTcs cnbiiuaTb ranionax, Taii- 
KOM npkiBeseHHbix ^3-33 rpaHViLjbi v naAKn>OMaeMb<x k 
TenetpOHHOH cetH hb paSoTe, Ecrb eme npoSneMbi c 
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KTlKNeHHnn 

A noxa na hbphom pbinxe hast SoiiKan Toproans 
onna^enHbiMi* rocyAapcraoM napojiHWH, 

XoTb B nonnTMMecKOii c0epe n saweTHbi wMeHeHHS 
K nyMLuewy (lax, b 2000 roAy Ha CMeny CENIAl npiniuno 
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HMKVAa He Asncn. flapaAOocanbHO BbirntiA^i ci^TyaLjMf). 
KorAa Ky6iiHCKMe anacTM xotat c noMOiAbK) HHTepHera 
AOHecTn BceMy Mwpy npaaAy o )kii3hh OcTpoaa CboSoaw 
M B TO «€ spewB orpaHU'JHBaKJT AOCTyn x Cbtm cbohm 
rpaiKASHau 

Ky6nHMbi ceroAHB na nepenyTbe. Hx BJiacm pema- 
NDT.ttaK npaawnbHo nocTynMTb c UnTepneTOM: nosaonHTb 
Ky6viHMaM c8o6oaHO nonb30BaTbCR KiH0opMauMeii v\3 
CeTM, noHM3MB Tapii4)bi m cmab apxaviHHbie orpaHMHeniifl, 
wnn me orpaAHTb ot « HenpasiinbHotia uMiJiopMauMM ywhi 
corpax^aH, o6peKaaiiixHaKH0opMaLiMOHHy)O^3ornLiMio 
OT COBpSMeHHOrO MHpa, 

Abtop BbipaxaeTMcxpeHHnto6naroAapHOCTbBceM 
KyC^HCKkiM KypHanutcTaM, npeAOcraaiiBiijMM h^H0opua- 
UMK) npii noAroTOBKO SToro waTepiiana. 

Cnac»i6o. Apyabn! 

2003 3. 



CBo6ofla, ona kbk Boaayx nnn ksk SAOpOBbe. - nOKa OHa ecTb, tw ee ne saMeiaeiub m ne noHUMaeujb, 
KBKOBO 3T0 - 663 Hee M/iM BHe ee. 

BopHC CxpyrauKMH «KoMMeHTapMM k npOMACHHOMy - "OGMTaeMUM ocTpoB"» 



'KAPTA- («3S-«a 20M 



^ OENIAEMbli OCTPDB 



15 



ra6pM3;ib TapCHa MAPKEC 

KYEHHCKNIi MHTEPHAUMOHAAIiaiVI 



MuTepHaMHOHaniOM - rpafliinHOHHoe Kal^ecTBO Ky- 
SwHuee PeBoniomin caenana ero curtHee m onpeflenew- 
Hee B cooTBeicTBiAii c np^HKitnauM uapKcvisMa, ho cyui- 
HOCTbayxa MHTephaMH0Hann3Ma3anoweH3y>KeBnocTyn- 
Kax H CTaTbflx Xoce Map™ 3to Soeeoe ycTpeMfienne 
nponBn;io ceOn a JlaTHMCKoii AwepuKe, A(t)p''"e n Ashu 
Eii4e ao npoBOsmameH^n coutiaiiHCTMHecKoro xapaxrepa 
Ky^HHCKOii peeontoL|vi)4 Ky6a npeaocraBinna Taxyic 3m3~ 
vjMTenbHyHD noMOLWb AnwHpcKOMy OpoHTy HauMOHanbHoro 
ocao5o)KneHHfl b ero 6opb6e c 0paHuy3CKMM KonoHHanns- 
MOM. MTO npaBHTBnbCTBO fle fonnn b Ka^ecrae OTseTHbix 
Mep aanpernrio noneTw KyBwHCKHX caMoneroB naa Opan- 

no3)Ke. e AHH. Kor^a Ky6a Gbina onycTOLueHs ypara- 
HowP/iopa, Sara/ibOM Ky6MHCKMx 6ofliioe-MHTepHaLinoHa- 
nkicTOB 6bi/i ornpaBneH e An>Kvip. eoeeasiubift c MapoKKo 
<PaKTMHecKn. Mn oflHO a4>P"nancKoe ocBoSoflHTefibHoe 
ABkiweHiie He OTxnoHviro npeA^^oMeHtin o KyS^HCKOM no- 
MdujM. Bbipa>KaBUJef^cn rikiGo a opyiKkiti m eoeHHoC^ rexHH- 
Ke. iikiSo a BoeHHbix n rpawanCKnx cneuManncTax Mo- 
3aM6m< (B 1963-M), TBHHen-BHcay (b 1965-m), KaMepyn v 
Cbeppa-fleoHe (3anaflnafl Attpwua) - ace ^o^yv^anM no- 
MOinb B Tot^ Mfin nHoii {fcopMe. DpesMaeHT Pecny6nnKn 
ranwen CeKy Type 0Tpa3nn Manaaenne HaeMHWKOB c no- 
MOiiibK) HyGviHCKi^xBObiHCKMXHacTeA KoMaHayK}iiiMvi riea- 
po PoflpHrec riepanbTa (Tenept Mnew l4ehTpa;ibHoro Ko- 
MuTSTa KoMnapTvin Ky5bi) 6bin aaxBaseM b nnen nopiy- 
ranbMaMn a rawHee-EHcay m npoeen b TtopbMax HecKo/it- 
KO rier Koraa ArocrnHbo Hcto o6paTHnCB k anronbCxnM 
cryAeMTaM a nopryranHH C npHSwaOM npOAOn^uMTb y^eSy 
B coukianMCTHHecKMx cTpanax, MHome v\3 h^x abifipa/in 
Ky6y; ceroflHH ece ohm sanBTbi CTponre/i&CTBOM couna- 
nn3Ma a HesaanCMMOii Awrone, HeKoropwe - hb aawHbix 
noCTax. 

Onuano HMMTO He iinnwcTpMpyeT npoaonwHre/ib- 
HoCTt M HHTencuBHocTb Ky6«HCKoro npucyTCTBMff B A(bpn- 
Ke nyMLue, ^eu tot 0aKT. 'ato Me Feaapa /im^ho, b nepMoa 
ero Haneo/ibLueii nsBecTHOcrn. ornpaBtmcn b Kohto fl/is 
yMacTtnn a napTi^aancKoA BO^He. Oh noKtiKyn Ky6y 25 
anpejifl 1 965 roAa. b tot jkb aenb. Kax ornpaaktA npouja/ib- 
Hoe nucbMo ©nAenw Kacrpo, cnaran c ce6o floniKHOCTh 
KOMaMAyoiysro h ace octanbHwe oSnaaHKocTw, topiifln- 
^ecKiii censbiBaeLUHe ero c KySviHCKviw npas^renbCTBOM 
Oh nyTenjecTBoaan hb KOMwepnecKkix aB^anMHMnx. noA 
nceaaoHMMOM n c MaweHeHHo^ aneiuMOCTbio Ero riHHMbiH 
CarajKcocTaennnM Km^m vi MHoroHirtoieH^bie ^Hran^TOpbi, 
Annoener^eHkinuyHi^TenbHoAacTMbi OHnpoaOA/J^ao^- 
me TOMMTenbHue ^acbi b rocTMHMHHbix HOMSpax, SecKO- 
He^Ho Hrpan b luaxMaTbi c cawkiw odSo^. Mepes Tpki uecn- 
ua OH BCTpeTkcicR c 200 KyStiHCKHMM 6oiiu3Mti. oTnpaa- 
jieHHbiMH i»3 raaaHw na cyane. rpyjueHHOM opywueM. LJe- 
ribic MUCCMn Me 5wno oSynenMe anronbCKnx aoennbix 
MeTOAaM vrepunbKB - napTvisaHcxoii aotinbi cBOiiCKaMM 
Mowaa MoM6e, MapMOneTKn SejnbrnflcKHx KonomianwcTOB 
VI uexuiy^apoAHbix ropHOAoQuaaKiLijMx xounaH^^. flocne 
y6^ficTBa HaTpkica JlyMyMGu HowHHa/ibHbiw rnaaOH Ha- 



ra6pu3nb rapcua Mapxec - KOnywl^uuciiuQ nucBment. 
naypeam HoOeneecKoQ npamuu nanumepamype. nySnuKyo- 
ufO meitcrn - ijipazK^Hm cmamtau fOnapaxiun Kapnoman 
1976 eod. 




fudenb u ra6pu3nb 



UuOHaribHoro coBBTa peeomoMk^M 6bin facTOK CfWAano. 
HO (tiaxTM^ecxbi oe(iCTByKiLijkiM /n^aepoM 6binf1opaH KaSii- 
Y\a. HSxOA^BUj^iicn BBoeHHOM/iarepe noBCTanuee Kurona 
yoaepa TanraHb^iKa 

3Ta cviTyaukin, HecoMHSHHo, nosaa/iMJia He Teaape 

COXpaHHTb MHKOrHtnO. M, anfl BoribLUeS CKpblTHOCTH, OH 

flaJKB He cuMTajiCB nwepOM mmcchh HMenno nosTOMy oh 
6bm M3BecTeH noa nceaAOHHMOw Taiy. hto hb nswKe 
cyaxHnbi osnanaeT (Biopo^i. 

Me Teaapa HaxoAwncn b Kohpo c anpenn no aexaSpb 
1965 rofla, ne rontno oeynan nap™3aH, ho m KenocpeA- 
CTBeHHO yHacTByn b cpa)KeHMBX Ero nn'^nwe canan c 
OMAeneM Kacrpo, SbiBume npeAMeTOMMHoroHncnenHbix 
oGcywaeHMM, ne ocina6eBani^ hm na MrhOBeHMe o6a noa- 
aepwHaann nocronHHbiii h apy5xecTBenHbtM KOHTaxr 6na- 
roaapn npeBOCXoanoA CHcreue cansM 

riocne caepjKeHMsi MomSb KOHroreaqbi nonpocMfin 
KySuHMea y^Tw. HToCot oSnerMMTb saioiiO'-ieMne nepewn- 
PHB. Me ymen rax Jtie, xax h npHiuen, - Mowa. Oh Bsnn 
en;ieT Ha pei^c ao Aap-3c-CanaMa h npOBen see mecrb 
•jacoB aoporn, yrKHyaujHCb b KHMry maxMaTHbix aaaa^ .. 

3a 3T0 CBoe KOpoTKoe anoHUMHoe npe5wBaHne b 
A0pMKe Me Feeapa nocenn ceMena, xoTopbie hhkto ^e 
yHHHTO«MT HexoTopwe H3 ero rioaeiS OTnpaevi/ii^Cb a 
Bpa33aBnnb oSyMaib OTpnabi napTviaan AtfonxaHCKO/ 
napTMM nesaBMCMMOi^ TeMneM bo rnaBe c AMHJixapOM KaG- 
panoM 14 UnriA. Opmh m3 3tmx OTpny^oa no3Mie tsmho 
Bcrynbvi b Anrojiy m noA Ha3BaHkteM «KojioHHa KaMii;io 
CbeH(t>y3roca» npi^coeanHHncfi k 6opb5e c nopryranbi4a- 
MM. flpyrwe oSocHOBaniiCb b Ka5nHae \f no3*e, cpopCMpo- 
Bae pexy Konro. nponnK/iM napoaHHyArocTviMboHeTo, rae 
6opb6a c nopTyranbCKkiMM KonoHMsaTopaMki Ke npeKpa- 
manacb a TeMemie nnTucoT neT Taxi^M oGpasoM. xyGiiHc- 
Kafi noMOLMb Anro/ie hb saxOHHHnacb KpatKOBpeMeHHoii 
BcnwiuxoiTi, a cTana noc/ieaoBarenbHOft nonwTHxofi Ky- 
Chhcxom pesontOMm a A(J)pMKe Ho 6wn oahh HOBbift ia 

ApaMaTMHBCKklM MOWBHT, CBnaaHHbiCi C pBLUBHlieM npaBM- 

lejibCTBa Ky6bi. Beab sto 6biJia He npocTO nowoiub. ho 
ocymecTBneHi^e KpynnoMacuJTaeHOM. perynfipHoi^ aokiHu 
napaccTOfiMHn6oneeueM lOOOOKunoMSTpoe, cnencMnc- 
nviMoii SKOKOMMMecKOii M yenOBeneCKofi ubhom h co mho™- 
Mi4 HenpBACKaayeMbiMM nonMmnecKMMti nocneacTBiifiMM. 



wwwkafUwo 



4 



KPACHflE KDJIECO 



B KYEMHCKOM TIOPbME 

OEPALUEHME AERTE/IEM KY/lbTyPbl K MMPOBOC^ OEtMECTBEHHOCTM 



6 npoiunoM [1978] roAy ti3BecTHeHiuMH Ky6nncKniii 
mHexoJior aoicTopMeA>^L|^HbiMapTaOpaiiAe.nnTiiAecn- 
TM BocbMM ncT, 6bma npiiroBopeHa KyGMHCKMM npasM- 
TenbCTBOMKABaAUaTM/ieBnTviroaaMTiopeMHorosaKnio- 
^eH^fa 3a Lun)40Ha)K. 3to Tpareflnn. ^otrrop Opaii^e - 
BbtAaioLuancFi ryMaH^CTKa - h ksk Bpan. n kbk HAsani^c- 
TKa-peBOniouMOHepKa. Ee uea^UMHCKa!) Kapbepa roao- 
pMTcaMa3ace5«,nocne OKOHHaHMH b 1946rOAy TaeaH- 
CKOM BbiciueM MeAHU^HCKOii ujKO/ibi OHa pa60Ta;ia b 
ueanuviHCKOii lUKone MaK-rvuin e MOHpeane, a aareu - 
saMecTkiTe/ieu rnasnoro spa^a raeaHCKoro rocntiTaJin. 
^OKTop tipaviae 6i>ina lUTaTHUM KOHCyjibraHioM b 6onb- 
HMue Cb Ahtohmb (flapiiw) ii Cb rieypa (Bpioccent); b 
1952 rofly ii35paHa ^^neHow AwepHKaHCKoro oSmecTsa 
3hUtOKp»iHOnorOB s Ma^aMM. B 1959 roAy, nocne no6ef\bi 
KySuHCKOi^ peBoniouMfti, aoktop <]3paiiAe KasHa^eHa ah- 
peXTOpOM HaUKOHaribHOM gOflbHHUW B raBBHe. 

flOKTop Opaiiae 6bina ctopohhmkom <t>MaejiH Kacr- 
po; ux ecTpe^a npOHSOUina bo Bpeun pewviMa BarticTbi. 
SiMAenb KacTpo m aoktop (tpsiiAe 6(>invi uneHaMM oaho^ 
rpynnbi neBOii onnoswuHM B 1957 flonrop OpaiiAs 6bina 
apecToeaMa noriMnMeS sa ewcTynneHun nporne Ai'KTaTy- 
Pbi. Eii yflanocb 6e«aTb 8 MeKCHKy. raeoHa npoBwna b 
AoGpoBonbKOM ii3rHa»HM^ jQo naaeHkin pewMMa SaTiicTw. 
rioaie peeontouHH aoktop Mapra Opaflae crana Buije- 
rrpesMAeHTOM o6iuecTBa Ky6MHO-KMTaiiCKo(4 Apy>K6t>i. 
npesMASHTOM KyBuHCKoro ABH*eHMq 3a MMp h b 1959 
roAy conpoBowflana ©wAenn Kacrpo b ero noesflKe b 
CLUA M KaHBAy. C 1963 no 1964 rofl AOtrrop OpaiiAe 
npenoABBana rviHeKoriorHio b 6cinbHime BpoKa (flap^*) 
n nannnacb npeACTaanTe/ieM KySbi a lOHECKO. 

BepHyBujMCb Ha Kygy B 1 964 rofly. flOKTOp OpaiiAe 
BO BpeMf! BCTpe^H c <t>v\aeneM KacTpo BWCKaaana cbok> 
Tpeaory no noBOAy ero '4pe3MepHOfo c6nM)t<eHHfl c Co- 
BBTCKHM C0I03OM B 1965 TQAy AO>^op OpaMAB Qbina 
yBoreH3 CO Bcex o4>MMHanbHbix nocroe m crana aecru 
^acTHyio nparrviKy. B 1968 rofly BWAaHMoe e« pa3peiije- 
HkieHa BbtesAB McnaHi^ioAJ'" npenoAaeaHMRs MaAP^A- 
CKOk^ Me;iiiuiiHCKoi4 ujKone 5bino aHesanHo oTMeHCHO sa 
^erupe AHFt AO OTbesAa OTKa3 6biruoTiiBtipoBaH aco- 
oSpaweHMflMH HBuMOHa/ibHoA 6e3onacHOCT^». B 1976 
roAy AOKTOp <PpaMAB noueiueHa nOA aouauinv\f[ apecr. 
eenH<4H0e MMyu^eCTBO \a ueA^U^HCKan 6k46nMOTeKa 6bm^ 





r 1 Loved Ones 

^■1 <'-_'W. ■■■''■■ 




MBpma IJpBude Ha 

uepeuOHuu spywsHuA npemuu 

'CasB de Amencs' '993 a. 



KOHCtiHCKOBaHbi npae^- 

TeflbCTBOM M yHHHTOXte- 

Hbi-AoKTopOpa^AeSbina 
saKnio^eHa a >;eHCKyio 
TKJpbMy ann yronOBHbix 
npecTynHMKOB Hy3BO- 
AwaHecep. B rtopbMe 
AOKTop Uapra ^pa^Ae 
CTpaAana ot ronoAa n ot- 

CyTCTBMH CBHHTapHblX yC- 

noBviM. Hocne cepbeaHO- 

ro oTpasjieHMfl ohb 6bina 

nepeseABHa b riopbMy SeMetfiMKa. Ha saKpuTOM cyAe6- 

HOM npouecce ona Su/ia npurosopeHa k ABaAuaT^ aeaft- 

TM iQf\3M TiopbMbi Ro oGsHHeHtiio 6 lunHOHaiKe B nonbsy 

upy. 

HeaeponTHo, hto6w KeHLAHwa c raKMU sucTpaopfln- 
HapHbiM peBoniouMOHHbiw npoujnbiM KaxzioKTop Mapra 
Opa^e. necTHOki oTKpbiTo BbipasuBujafl CBoe necoma- 
c^e c OMAeneM Kacrpo i« ero npocoeeTcxOM (t)opMOM 
pasBMTMti Ky6MHCKo^ peaoniouviM h oTKpbiTo TpeGoBas- 
uian npeAocTaBjiBHMH npasa Ha sbiesA. Ae^CTBoeana 6bi 
B MHiepecax UPY. 

O6ecn0KOeHHbie HHTB/ineiayanbi b Eapone vi CUJA 
BoauyiABHbi sacBKpe^eHHbiM cyAeSHbiu 0apcoM. ocy- 
AHBiuMM AO'H'ops Opai^e. VI TpeSyioT. mto6u KySviKCtoe 
npasMTenbCTBO HeMBAneHHo ocaoSoAi^no AOKTopa 
MapTy ©pawae. 

)Kan-nofib Capmp, Muuienb <^yKo, Cuhiona de 
Boayap, Krod Pya, ^ununn Connopc, Xoce Anzen 
BajieMme, Xoce Mapua Kacmenem, Xyan roumuco- 
no, 0epHaMdo KnayduM, XoceJlyuc ApaHsypen, Xoa- 
KUH Pyuc Xuuspec, PocaHna Poccanda, Oxmaeuo 
riac, HopiuaH Meunep, Bap6apa HpoScm ConoMOH, 
yujibfum CmaupoH, Po3u CmaHpoH. 



Atpuuia ebJcmBOKu «Ky6a nonumiaKnio^eHHbie u ux 
cojubuu. npoxodueuMu e MaOatAu (CUJA). 



npHMB'^aHHfi: 
Mapra (SpaHoe (Martha (Msna) Frayde) - nocne AocpouHoro 
ocBOfioiMieMMn M3 TioptaMbi nepeexana b McnaHMio B Hacron- 
mee Bpewn BoarnaenfieT KyCHHCKMA kommtbt aaujirrbi npaB 
>je;ioBeKa b MaAPM.^ 

}KaH-nofitiCapTp-ct)paHuy3CKMiict>>*jioco0. nMC3Te;ibKdpa- 
wsTypr. naypeaT Ho6eneBci(ot4 npeHWH 
MHuienb OyNo - 0p3Huy3CKHA KynbTyponor 
CHHOHa a/B Eoayap - (tpaHi^yicKan RMcaTentHMua 
KnoA Pya - 0paMuy3c>iMA nHcarerib m host 
OHUHnn Connepc - ^oaHLiyscxKii nMcarenb 
Xoce AHren BansHTa - McnaHCKxA noar m scceHCT. 
Xoce MapuR KacTsner - xcnaHCCMti nHcarenb 
XyaH roMTHCono - McnaHCKxii nwcaTenb. 
OepHaHAO KnayAHH - McnsHCKMA McropMi. unsH KounapTHu 
HaiaHMn. 
Xoc« nyHc ApsHrypaH - HcnanciHA ^Hiiocot^. Tsonar, icce- 

XcMKHH PyHC XHMepec - HcnaHCKHJi nontrrMuecKMM Aenrenb. 

PocaHHa PoccaHAa - MTa/ibRHciwA (tMjioco<}) m scceticT. 

OKiaBHO (lac - MeKCMiOHCKHi) nHcarenb. naypeaT Hofie/ieac- 

kdA npeHMH 

HopMaH Meiinep - aneti^'3»CKuvi nMcarenb 

EapGapa dpoGcT ConoMOH ~ awepMioHcian nxcaTenbHitLia 

yHrihnM CraHpoH - aMepHKancKHri nHcarenb 

Po3H CraiipOH - aMepMKaHCKan noarecca, nyGjimiHcr, npaBo- 

aauiHTHiiK 



-KAPTA' M3S-40 »04 



^ OliNIAEMblii OCTPQB 



97 



3AK0H NS 88 

<0 SAUIMTE HAUMOHAJIbHO^ HE3ABI1CMMOCTM M 3K0H0MI1KM» 



Ct. 4.1 ; Tot, kto jihhho Mm* nocpeflcrsoM TperbKx 
niMi npeaocTaevin tiHcJiopMauHio npasHTenbCTBy Coe/)M- 
HeHHbix UJTaTOB AwepHKM, ero areHTcreaM, npeflCTaaw- 
TerbcreaM, aorDKHOciHbiM n>iuaM, HanpaaneHHyK) hb 
noflflepxauMfi ueneii saKOHa XeriMca-BepTOHa. 5fioKa- 
;ibi VI SKOHOMMMecKObi soMHbi npoiva Haiuero Hapo^a, 
saxoMa.HanpaBneHHOro HanoApbie BMyrpeHHero nopna- 
Ka. aecTa6kinH3aL4MK) crpahbi in n^KSMAaui^io CounarMC- 
TtmecKoro focyflapcTBa m HesaBHCuMOCTM Ky5bi, HaKa- 
sweaexcn nmueHneM CBo5oflbi «a cpoK ot cbmh ao 
nnTHaAuaTM neT 2. HaKasaH/e - ntiiijeHtie caoSodbi Ha 
cpOK OT BocbMM flo flBa/iuaTH neT, B cnynae HanH4nq 
OAHoro 143 cjieayKDiuHx oBcroPTenbCTB: a) ecru aenHne 
cosepLueHO aayMn m Qonee rvmatt^: h) ecjiM zieflHtie 
coeepuieHO c uenbto nonyMeHim npHSwriM. B03Harpa>K- 
AeHMFi unH MHoro Aoxo/ia; c) ecnn riMLty y^anocb ysHSTb 
m;ih o6naaaTb MHCtopuamieK nocpeacraoM ee yraiiBa- 
MkiR, Hfiti bicnoDbsoeaHkin nio6oro Apyroro HeAOseoneH- 
Horo cnocoSa; 6) ecnn nnuo, 3noynoTpe6nflR c/iy>Ke6- 
HbiM vinM aoJDKHocTHbiu nonoMeHMeM, pacnpocTpaHMJio 
MHctiopMauMio; e] ecn^ nocneACTBi^eM a,6ftnvm craiio 
npH4MHeHne jaxenom ymepSa KayMOHanbHOfi 3koho- 
MHKe: f) ecnH, acneflcraMe SToro. npaaMTenbCTBO Co- 
eA^HCHMbix lUTaTOB AwepviKH, ero areHTCrsa MnM npe^- 
CTaaviTenbCTeanpMHbiMaioTOTBeTHbieMepbi npoT^enpo- 
ubimneHHbix. KOMuepnecKhix, i^iiiHaHcoBbix mjim hmmx 
opraMMsamiS, KyOviHCKiix n/tn MMocrpanHbix. urn npoTMB 
Korc)-ni46o ms bix pyKOBOAMTeneti v\ nx poACTBeHHMKOB. 

Ct. 5.1 Tot, KToco5npaeTnn0opMauMK),Hor>inyio 
6blTb HCnOflbSDBBHHOIJ oj^st nptiueHeHMFi 3aKOHa Xe/iM- 
ca-BepTOHa, 6noKajCibi m aKonowHHecKoi^ sotiHbi npontB 
Mauiero Mapoas. saKOHa. HanpaaneHHom na no^puB 
BHyTpeHHero nop5iAKa. aecTadMnMsau^K) crpaHbi h niAn- 
BkiASLt^io Cou^ajKriCTviMeciioro rocyAspcTBa h He3aBM- 
CMMocTH Ky6bi. HaxasbiBaeTCfl nMiueHvieM cbo6oam Ha 
cpoK OT Tpex flo BocbMH neT HJiM lUTpacpoM OT Tpex 
Tbjcn^ no nsTH twcbh MPOT. /iw6o m tbm, m flpyrMM. 2. 
HaKa3aHHe - nwiueHne CBo6oflbi na cpoit ot hbth flo 
ABena/maTM nei, b cjiy^ae nanimkin oaHoro m3 cneayio- 
m^x o6cTOflTenbCTB. a) ecjiH n^uy yaajiocb y3HaTb Mn»i 
o6naAaTb ;iHCt>op*'<ai(iiebt nocpeACTsoM ee yraHBaHMo 
vinvi Mcno/ib30B3HMn nio6oro apyroro Heao3BoneHHOro 
cnoco6s; b) ecnM Aenntie coBepujeHo Asyw^ h Sonee 
nnuaMM. 3. HaKasaHMe - rmiijeHHe CBoSoflbi Ha cpOK ot 
ceMH AO nHTKaftuaxH nex, ac/in nonyiieHHaR MHcpopwa- 
UHji, vi3-3a xapattTepa ee coAepwanHfl , npH-^nHH/ia Tsiwe- 
nbi^ ymep6 nauiioHaiibHOM sKOHou^Ke. 

Ct. 6.1 : Tot, kto coQwpaeT, pasHHOwaeT, pacnpoc- 
TpaHneT MaTepnanw noflpbiBHoro xapaiaepa, nocTynaio- 
u^vieoTnpaBi^TenbcreaCoeAMHeuHbivLljTaTOBAMepMKu, 
Hx areHTCTB, npeACTaewTerbCTB, flon>KHOCTHwx nny wnii 
fiK)5oM ApyroH HHocTpaHHOM opraHH3aijMM, "-iToBbi nofl- 
AepwMBaTb ue/in saxoHa Xenwca-BepTOHa, 6noKaAy h 
3K0HOMimecKyK] Boi^Hy npoTMB Haiuero HapoAs, nanpas- 
neHHoro na noApua BHyrpeHnero nopcuiKa, aecra^viniA- 
3aumo cTpaHbi vt nnxBMAaunw CouManwcTH^ecKoro Tocy- 
AapcTBa ki HBsaBMCviMOCTvi KySbi. HaxasbiBaeTcn nmue- 
Hwew cao6oab( na cpOK or Tpex ao aocbWH neT hjih 



ujTpatpoM OT Tpex Tbicfm ao ntiTM Tbicns MPOT, nM6o v 
TBM, M APyrMM. 2. rioa a^y )Ke caHKiiMK) noAnaAacT to 
nAno. KOTopoe c paeHUMM HauepenMRMti aeesjio b crpa- 
Hy uarepviaj^bi. o KOTopbix luna pe^b b npeAbiAyiijeM 
paaaene 3. HaKa3aHMe-nnmeHMecBo6oflw hbcpokot 
i^eTbipex AO AecHTM neT. a cny^ae HanMUMn oAMOro us 
cneflyioinMK o6cTO(iTenbCTB, o KOTopwx iijna pent e npe- 
AbiAyiat^x pa3Aenax. a viMeHHo: a) ecnn^ Aenn^e coeep- 
LueHOAByMfl unu^ortee ni^nattvi, b}ecnki AennHe coeep- 
oieHo c uenbio nonyMeHi^n npM6binH, B03Harpa>KaeKiifl 
unki Khoro A0X0A3. 4. HaKasaHiie -nMUjeHMe CBoOoabi na 
cpoK OT ce*AV[ ao nnTHaAiiaTM neT. ecnM MaTep^an, M3-3a 
xapaxiepa ero coaepMtaHHn, np^mtHiin ifDKenbiH ymepG 
Hau^OHanbHOH axoKOMi^Ke. 

Ct. 7.1: Tot. kto. nwrancb Ao6nTbC(i ueneii saKona 
XenMca-BepTo»43. 6noKaqt>i » 3K0HOMM<^ecKOH soHHbi 
npoTHB Haiuero napoAa. 33K0Ha, HanpaaneHHoro na 
noflpbiB BHyTpeMHero nopBAxa, AecTaSnnMsamiio crpa- 
Ht.1 H nuKBHaaumo CouwanvicTiiMecKoro PocyaapcTaa w 
HeaaBucMMocTH Ky5w. C0TpyAHHl^aeT c paAMocTaHMwo- 
Mki, TeneBnaeH^eM, raseTauH, >KypH3naMM Mnn Apy^^wvi 

HHOCTpaHHMMki CpfiaCTeaMM uacCOBOH HHttlOpMaUHM. 

HaxasbieaeTcn nMuienMeu ceoSoAbi na cpoK ot Asyx ao 
nHTHneTunumTpactoM 0TOAH0viTwcn'^Ma0TpexTbiCfl4 
MPOT, nn6o H TCM, H ApyruM .. 3. HsKasaHHe - nmue- 
Hue C6o6oAbi Ha cpoc ot Tpex ao BOCbMH neT unH urrpatt) 
OT Tpex TbiCB'^ ao HBTH TbiCB'H MPOT HnH o5owx, ecnH 
aeoHHe, omcaHHoe b pasaene 1. coBepmeno c uenbto 
nony^eHvin npviSbinM, B03Harpa>KAeHiifl vmn hhoto aoxq- 
aa. 

Ct. 8.1: Tot, kto Meuian nyOnMMHowy nopaaxy c 
HauepeHHeM noAAepMCMsaTb uenM 33koh3 Xenuca-Eep- 
Tona. 6no«aaw h SKonoMM'^ecKOi^ BOiSMw npOTtia Haiuero 
Hapoaa, saKOHa, HanpaBneHHoro na noAPbiB BnyTpeHHe- 
ro nopnaxa, AecTaGMnti3auMio CTpanbi h nuKBKaau^io 
CoubianHCTMHecxoro TocyaapcTBa ki nesasHcviMOCTH 
Ky6bi, HaxasNeaeTcn nnujen^eM csoSoAbi na cpox ot 
AByx flo nnTM neT HnH unpstfoM ot oahoh TbicBHH flo 
Tpex TbJcn^ MPOT. nnSo h tbm. m flpyriiM, 2. Tot. kto 
noABHrnyn, opraHHSoean nnH noSyA^n k Touy, utoGu 
peanu30BaTb nepTyp6auHto (uSMeneHHe) ny6nHMHoro 
nopRAXB, o KOTopoM uBfii pB^b B npeAbtAyueu pa3Aene, 
HaKaauBaeTCfl rnUieHHeM cBoSoAbi na cpoK ot Tpex ao 

BOCbMM neT H/IM lUTpacJjOM OT Tpex TbICflH AO riBTH TbIClIM 

MPOT, nM6o H Tew, n flpyrmw 

Ct. 9.1 : Tot, kto, cnocoScTByn MensM saKOna Xen- 
wca-BepTOkta, SnoKaau HdKOHOMH'^ecKOM BOnnbi npoTna 
Haiuero napoAa. sbkohb, HanpaBnenHoro na nonpuB 
BHyTpeHHero nopsiAxa. AecTa6«nM33UMK3 cTp3Hbi h nnx- 
BnAaiwra CoLjHanMCTiinecxoro rocyA3pCTBa h nesasii- 
CMMOCTH Ky6bi, ocymecTBHn fiio5oe AeScTBHe, Hanpas- 
jisHHoe Ha npennTCTBOBaHne hom naneceHne ymepfia 
3K0H0UH<HecKHu cBn3RM Ky6kiHCKoro rocyAapcTea Miiti 
npoMbiiuneHHbix. xoMMep'^eCKHx, ^HHancoBbix opraHH- 
sauHH H viHbix yHpeMcaeHHii, ore'^ecTBenHbix mtih i^koct- 
paHHHbix, xax focyABpCTaeHKbix, tsk h i^acTHbix, HaKa3bt- 
saeTcn nmueHneM CBo6oabi na cpox ot csmm ao nnTHaa- 

U3TM JieT UnH UJTpaC&OM OT Tpex TblCn^ ao nSTH TblCfl4 



WW* kint org 



KPACHIE lOAECI 



MPOT. nn5o TBM v\ flpyrMw. 2. HaKaaaHMe - nniueHne 
CBoSoflw Ha cpOK OT BOCbMH flo a^ajina™ ner, e cny^ae 
Ha/iHHMB oflHOro M3 cneAy>ou(Hx o6cTOfrreiibCTB: a) ec/m 
npM cosepuieHHM Rennvm npHMeHflercw Hacunne, 3any- 
rdeaHMe. ujaHraiK hiih flpyrovi HeAOJBoneHHMii cnocoS; 
b) ecjiM flenwue coBepujeHo c itentio noryvieHMd npM6bi- 
jiki. eo3Marp3MuteHMfl miM MHoro aoxoAa; c) ecn^i aciieA- 

CTBkte 3T0rO npaBHTe/lbCTBO CoeaHHeHHblX LUTaTOB Amb- 

PMKM, ero areHTCTBa MJibi npeacTaBmenbCTBa npviHmua- 
lOT OTBeTHue uepbi npome npoMbimjieHHux, KOMuep- 
MecKHX. (t>HHaHCOBbix mirt MHbix opraNH3auM^, Ky6kiHCKMx 

HnM HHOCTpaHHblX, win npOTMB HOrO-nMGo M3 MX pyKOBO- 
AMTeJieii H MX pOACTBeHHMKOB. 

Ct. 10: HaKasuBaeTCH /ikiuieHtieM cao6oAL^ Ha cpOK 
OT flsyx ao nsTM ner mjim mTpatfoM ot Twcfl^^M ao ipex 
TblCB^ MPOT, nn60 H TBM, H APyrUM, TOT, KTO: a) npeAHO- 
)KM\ M/1M nofiyA^n Apyr^x, jiioSuM cnoco6oM i4nM 4>op- 



MOM,KCOBepiiJeHiiK)KaKOro-;iii6on3npecTynneHHM,npe- 
flycMorpBHHwx B 3T0M sanOHe; b) AoroBopmicn c Apynn- 
MM jiiOAbMM coeepiUQHtiii KaKorO'jiHSo npecTynnenMn, 
npeAycMOTpeHHoro b stom saKone (penb udem o coy^a- 
cmua e rpecmynnenuu. - npuu. nep.). 

Ct. 11' Tot, uxonpn coBepmeHHM /xefiH\*fi. npeayc- 

MOTpeHHUX a 3T0M SaKOHB, npFIMO MflM HOCpeACTBOM 

TpeTbMx nnu, norynan, pacnpeflennn nnn yMacTsoBan a 
pacnpeAB/ieHviH [t^haHCOBbix. waTepManbHbix mum mhux 
cpeACTBOT npaBHienbCTBa CoeflHHeHHNx LUTaTOB Awe- 
pMKM, ero areHTCTB, cnyjhS, npsACTaBHTeneM, cnyjKaujMx 
unvi nacTHbix opraHtisauMH, HaKasbiBaeTcn nHuieHtieu 

CB060Abl H3 CpOK OT TpeXAQ BOCbMH Jiei VIHH LUTpa[}}0U 

OT OAHOH Tbicn'Hil AO Tpex tuchs MPOT, n»i6o h Teu. h 
ApyrMM. 

n«pesoa c McnaHCKoro: 0. H. 



K/iayAna MAPKEC JlnHapec 



CIlEHbl nOAABJIEHNH NHAKOMUCJINU HA KVEE 




yAapw Kynaxa co- 
jpncnii ABBpb B Haiiiy 
xBapTMpy. 3to 6binn co- 
TpyAHHKM roc6e3onacHO- 
CTM c opAepoM na oCwck 
A/ifl noHCKa. KaK ohh cxa- 
3anM, vMaTepHaribHbix 
AOKaiaTeribCTB npaaona- 

pymeHMi^n. 

Menoeex, kombhao- 

BBBlUMii 06blCK0M, HpeA" 

cTaetiBuiMHCfl KaK Dene, 

80UJe/1 B MOIG KOMHaTy B 4 

Maca nononyAHM, ne o6- 
pauian BHMMaHbtn Ha TO, HTO n 6bina a HHWHeM 6enbe. Oh 
HBToponriMBo pasrnflAbiBan Meno, nOKa n ne noTpeSoaa- 
na, HTo6bi MHe flanw B0JMO«H0CTh OAeTi.cn. BwxoAfi h3 
KOMHaTbi, OH noTpe6oBan noToponHThCB. 4To6bi HaMaTb 

06blCK. 

B Te*^e»^le 1 nacoe ABeHaflqaTb raSaiuHMKOB CUBoe 
- c opywHeu) oSuiapHBanu Ham aom. PesynbTaTu hx 
rpaBewa Tenepb HaxoAdTcn B nepenojiHeKHbix npaBM- 
TejibCTBCMMbtx cxnaAax: cothh rascTMwx cTaTeM, >KypHa- 
nHCTCKMx pacc/ieAoeaHHii, 150 Knur (no noriMTHxe, 3ko- 
HOMMxe, aanOHoaaTenbCTBy, couwajibHHM nayxaw), 6o- 
nee 50 nanoK c pacneMaTKaMw MHTepneTa, BMfleOKaMe- 
pa, uHCt>pOBOM ct>OToannapaT, crapbiki narrron, SSA^cKei 
c A0Ra3aTenbCTBaMM HapyiueHwii aaKOHHoc™ xyewHC- 
KMM npaBHTenbCTBOM, 6 KOMnaxr-AHCKoa. c waTepMana- 
MM noAnonbHoro )KypHana «Ky6a», i*3AaBaeMOro acco- 
L|iiai4i4eii HesaBHCMMbix >KypHankiCTOB m 3HL|MKiioneAMeM 
EBpocoKJsaAnfl MonoaextH 

B TO BpeMft, KOffla «coTpyAHHKn opranoBB BbJTpnxvi- 
eann hiahkh HaiuMx cronoo m Hay^nanM ceMewHwe <toTo- 
rpattiHH, Te/ieahiAeHMe TpaHc/iMpoBa/io KKpyrnwH ctojih 



roBopnii^bix ronos, xopOM oSnu'^aBuinx Hac kbk cnpeAa- 
lejieii*. 

IJenbiti Be^ep oQbiCKHBaiomHe npocnyiuMBanM 
ayAMOKBcceTbi c ^an^caui^ uokix ypOKOB HeueuKoro nabi- 
KB. Ohvi ia6panM Bce SonneTeHM Jlw5epanbHoro Uniep- 
KauMOHana, a30HTMSHoii» oprantisauMM Ann ecex ntiee- 
panbHbix napTviii uKpa, a tom Hkicjie m fUin, Bosrnasnn- 
eMOM MOHM Myxceu. 

Ohh HMTajiM jiio6o8Hbie nMCbMa, KOTopue MOki Myw, 
Ocaajibflo Anb0OHco Ba/ibaec, rmcan mmb aocsMb neT 
Ha3aA. KOFAa ero aaSpanw ot Menfl b oTfleneMMe roc6e- 
30n8CHOCTvi B Biinbfl-MapticTa e raBane. 

EcTecraeHHO, mto nio6oA ctopohhuk rpaxcaaHCKoro 
o6LueCTBa aceraa KneMMMJicn Ky6kiHCKHMH Bnacifluvi Kax 
(tKannTanncTMuecRMfi HaeMHMK» m HKonTppeaoniouHO- 
Hep>. y]Ke6onbUJeroAa18npaB03aiiiMTHHKOBAep>*(anH 
nofl apecTOM 5e3 cyAa u c/ieflCTBHd. 

HeowMAaHHWM cTano to, mto sracTM BHeaanHo npo- 
aenHTatiyioujMpoKyioaKumoaaAepwaHmi.MTonocnyxM- 
no TOMy npuHHMOJi? To, hto Mbi coo5ma;iw o nepe60Bx c 
sneitTpMHecTBOM, o maccoBOft npociMTyuMn, o He3aK0H- 
Hwx apecTax? To, hto mw npoBOflnnw cuMnosHyMw no 
)«ypHanitCTCKOM 3Ti«<e, ocymecTB/inti npoflewiapHpoBaH- 
Hyio C8o6oAy co6paHiii*? Mnw to, 4to mu oScyxyja/iM c 
HHOCTpaHuaMM nojiHTHMecxyio CMTyauwio wa Ky6e? To, 
^To MbJ nocMeuM MMeTb co6cT8eHHoe MHCHMe i* BbicKa- 
swaaTb ero? 

Hero OHM 6oaTCB? fl cnpainiBaio ce5n o6 stom, m b 
Moei* Ayme, xax h e ayujax mhowx Apyr^x nioaeM, craa- 
ujMxxcepTsaMM npoMsaona anacreM, ocraercn naAe^xAa, 
■■tio Ky6a CTaHer cbo6oamom m AeMOKpaTuneCKoA CTpa- 

HOM. B KOTOpOH HTeHMS KHMT MapMO Bapraca JIbOCbl M 

MMfiaHa Kyuaepbi He ByACT tMMTaTbCfl sMaTBpnanbHbiM 
AOKasaTenbCTBOMnpaBOHapyujeMHfls. 

OnyenuHoeaHo: CUBfi.NET 
nepeeoA c McnancKoro: B. X, 



Knaydua Maptmc DuHapee (ClBudia Marttuez UnsrssJ - wejasu- 
cuubiu xiyp»apucm, npaeosauj/jmHUK 



-lUPTA' M)3«-40 2004 



^ 



flbHTAEMblH OCTPOB 



99 



...ne/iOBeK He ann TOro cosflaH, HT06bi repnerb nopajKeHUfl... HenoeeKa mojkho vHUHTOXtHTb, ho 
ero HenbSfl noOeA^Tb. 

dpNecr XeMMHry9H "CrapHK h Mope" 



TE, KOTOPblE HE MOJIHAJIH 



CsMbaecnT nsTb flHCCHfleHTOB. apecTOBaHHwx Ky- 
Bmhckom roc6e3onacHoCTbio eecHOii 2003 rofla, npefl- 
CTaanHioT npaKTMHecKM ece HanpaoneHHfl flMccufleHTC- 
Koro aanMeHMfl Ha Kyfie. CpeAH hhx - flwccMAeHTbi «co 
craNteMti, nuaepw fle/ciByioinMx o5iuecTBenHbix npa- 
BoasujviTHbix opraHtiaauM^ m oSbeA^HeHMM, pnfioBbie 
npasosaLiikiTHHKH. 

CaeaeHMn, nySntiKyeMbie HMwe. ocHOBaHbi Ha ash- 
Hbix MejKflyHapoflHoii Amhmcthm, a Taiotte whoiS aocryn- 

HOM Ma flSHHblM UOMCHT )1H[t)0pMamtl4 npi4'4aCTHOCT^ 

apecTOBaHHbix k AMca^AenTCHOMy ABHweHMio. 

TaM, ffle B03MOWH0, npHaoAfTCfl tpparMOKTw ma 
o6BvinAjer\bnbix aicTOB ki npMroBopoB cyfla. YnoutiHae- 
Man B MaTep^ane craTbn 91 yronoBHoro KOABKca Ky6bi 
rnacMT: nJJeQcmeua npomue ueaeeucuMocmu unu mep- 
pumopuanbHou mnocmHOcmu aocydapcmea. fluuo, co- 
eepujaioaiee deucmeue s unmepecax uHocmpaHMoao 
aocydapcmea c uenbio npu'4UHBHUfi yiuopSa ueaagucu- 
Mocmu KySuHCKOZO eocydapcmea unu uenocmnocmu 
eao meppumopuu, npuaoeapueaemcn k huuibhuio ceo- 
6odbiH6CpOK0m 10 do2Q pern unu K CMaprriHoQ xasHUt. 

HMMce aanbt onHcaHMn HeKOTopbix saxHbix hhh- 
LfMaTMs B He,naBHew HcropMH MHSKOMbicriHR Ha Ky6e, 
flaiouiMe npeACTasjieHMe o AeHCTBMnx HeKOTopbix m3 
apecTOBaHHbix. 

Concilia Cubano (KyBwHCKiiS Cobbt) 6bin oGteflii- 
HSHMew npM5nii3MTenbHO 140 Heo<fMMManbHb(x rpynn 
npaB03amnTHHK0B. no;inTM4ecKou onno3nmiiin iKypna- 

nHCTOe, aABOKBTOB. WeHUlMH, M0i10Ae)Klt, dKOHOMMCraa. 

MHwenepoB, SKonoroe m AenTSJiei* npocpcoK>3H0ro a^v\- 
MteHMR. Oh 6bin cosaaH a oxmSpe 1 995 r. onn pa3pa6oT' 
m vt npoaefleHMFi nonkiTHv^ecKnx pecJxipM MkipnuM ny- 
TSM. Ero uenw BK/ii04ann aMHHcrnio nonvirvmecunx aan- 
niOHeHHhix: ysaiKeHMe k KoHCTMTyuHvi: BbinorneHi^e Ky- 
6oi^ MejKAynapOAHbix o6fi3aTenbCTB no npasaw Msnoae- 
Ka ki ABi^weHMe k CBo6D;iHbiM m oTKpbiTbiM npHMbiM 
Bbi6opaM. 

Penpecci^M npoTMB '^neHoe Ky6MHCKoro Cobbtb hb- 
HanMCb B KOKije 1995 roAa. 

3annaHi4poBaHHafl na 24 {peapann 2003 roAa o6- 
ujeHauHOHanbHaR BCTpena 6bina aanpeuiBHa anacrnMii. 
MHorne ki3 H/ieHOB opraHkiaaui^M noABspranticb KparKoc- 
pc^HbiM apecTaM. a weraepo axTUBMCTOB 5binn npMroBO- 

peHbl K TKJpeMHOMy 3aK/1K)MeHHK) 

«Todos Unirfos» (nBce ewecTe*) •- 3to flBuwehne 
flMccMfleHTCKnx rpynn Swno opraHnsoeaHo a ha^ane 1 999 
roAa. OSbeflMHeHHaB HexnapamiB, noAroTDBfieHHan 
aetiMceHMeM b npeoABepkiH HaMeHaBiueHcn ki6epo-aMe- 
p^KaHCKOM Bcrpe<^H hb BbiciueM ypoBHe, 6bi/ia noAn^ca- 
Ha npe;iCTaBi^Te>iflMki SHa^MTejibHoro^ttcna E.vlCCVlaeH^- 
CKHX rpynn. B wapre 2001 fOAa 11'^ fipefiCTaBtnejieiS 
rpynn, BxoABiijnxB"7'odosL//i/dos», noflnMcanw 3anBne- 




OceaPbdo HaHifi 



Hue B noAAep>KKy Dpoeiaa 
Bapena (cm. wviwiB) v\ opra- 
HHsoaanM c6op roAnHceA 
3a npoBeABHHe petpepex- 
Aywa, BfleKa6pe 2002 roAa 
itTodos Unidosu pacnpoc- 
TpaHHnAOKyweHTbi, coagp- 
«aBiuwe npeano«eHMB o 
Mepax npeoAonsHi^n apu- 
3MC3, BuiioMafl pemeHbte 

3KOHOMHHeCKMX.TpyflOBblX, 

COMHSribHblX M lOpMAMMeCKlIX (saKOMtJbix) Mep. 

Proyecto Varela ((Ipoeia Bape/ia) - AOKyweHT, 
C0Aep>KamHM TpeSoBaHitn no nposeAeHkiiO pecpepeHAy- 
ua o nonlfTl«^ecxMX pect)opMax, rapaHivpyioLijtix r\\^- 
Hbte. tionnTHMecKiie i4 3K0H0UM^ecKite cBo6oAbi, a raioKe 

aMHMCTMK) nonnTvmeCK^M aaKJIIOMeHHblU MHVIUViaTOpOM 

3ToroflOic/MenTa craro Movtmienlo CristianoLiberaddn. 
(XpMCTMa^CKoe ocaoSoA^TenbHoe ABHweHMe). aosr/^as- 
nneuoe OcaanbAO naiia CapAHHacoM (Oswaldo Paya 
SardiiiaB}- B MapTe 2002 roAS oprauMaaTOpu axLiuM 
cooSiuvinn, MTo coSpano 10000 noAnwceii, xoTOpwe hb- 

OSXOAHMbl no KOHCTMTyUHM, HT06bl npeACTaBHTb 3T0 

npeAnaxteHMs Ha paccMOTpen^e HauHOHa/ibKoro Co- 
&p3HHn. 

18 AeKa6pn 2002 roAa OcaanbAO naiiia 6bin Ha- 
rpajKAeH flpeMwevi mmbhm aiiaAeMkiKa A^Apen Caxspo- 
aa, CMMTaKiiAeiicii cawoii BbicoKoiS narpaAoii Eaponewc- 
Koro CoHDsa e o6nacTii aautiiTbi npae MenoaeKa. 

AKTHBHCTbi ripoeKTa Bapena nocTOHHHO noABepra- 
jiHCb CO CTOpOHbi BnacTeii yrp03au, KparKOBpeweHMbiM 
apecrau. oSucxaM v\ KOHcpMCKauMnu v\ APy^M c})opMaM 
npecneAOBBH^n c aKTHBHwu y^acTHCM opraHOB roc6e- 
aonacHocTvi. 

EHorpatpMM AMCCHAeHToa pacnonowenbi b an- 
<}iaBHTHOM nopnflKe cfiaMHrtMH (McnaHCKoro nsbiKa). 
3tm 75 HenoBeK, apecTosaHNbie b uapre 2003 roaa, 
npHroBOpeHbi KonHTenbHbiM cpoKaMTiopeMHoro aax- 
nioHeHHn. MemAyHapOAHan Ammmctha cMMraBT, ^fro 
Bce OHH nenxKiTCf) ysHMHaiMH coaecTM, perpeccH- 
pOBaHHbiMH 3a nonbiTKy WHpHoro ocymecTsneHMn 

OCHOBHblX CB060a- 

1 . HejibCOH Anb6«pT0 Athap PaMMpec 

(Nelson Alberto Agujar Ramirez), 57 ner. 

ripesiiAeMT MeotpMMMajibHoii Partido 

Ortodoxo de Cuba (KySMHCKOii optoaok- 

cajibMOii napTHH) H nrcH HeAaBH0o6pa- 

aoBBHHoro Asamblea para Promover la 

Sociedad Civil ( CoSpanvm Ann pasa^TKifl 

rpa)KAaHCKoro oSu^ecTBa). Do o6pa30BaHi4io- a/^eKrpMK, 

ArtcCMAeiTCKOM AenTenbHOCTbio aaHMMasTcn MHoro nej. 

B AeKa6pe 1999 roAa oh Sun apecToaaH BMecre c 




www nana org 



1B0 



4 



KPACHOE KDJIECO 




6onbmoii rpynno^ amcoia^htob. roTOBMBLuMxcfi orue- 
THTb ro;ioBinMHy BceoSuieii fleK/iapaqMii npas ■jenoae- 
Ka. npMxoAnmyiocn Ha 10aeKa6pfl. 

20 uapra 2003 roAa ox 6bin BHOBb apecroBSH, ero 
AOM 6bin TLijaTerbHO o6bicKaH, MHor^e flOKyueHTbi 6bifiM 

K0H4)MCK0BaHbl. Cpe^^ OGBHHeHMM, HpeA'bFlB/ieHHblX 

HeribcoHy Arvinpy, - yiacTue b auTHnpasMTer^bCTBeM- 
HbixaKuunx, HaMMHafl c 1990-x rofloe. nonyneuHe rpaH- 
Tos OT npaBHTe/ibCTBa CLUA, ^neHCTBo b Confederacion 
de Trabajadores Democralicos de Cuba (KoHttieflepa- 
l;mii AeMOKpaxMHecKnx pa6o'<Mx Ky6bi) c 2000 rOAa. 

HefibCOH ArHHp ocyjKjeH no craibflM 6.1 m 11 
3a>cona 88 wa 13 neT TiopeMHoro3aK/iio4eHMfl. B Hacro- 
nmee Bpewn HaxoflnTcn b nopbwe BoHHaro (CaHTbnro- 
fle-Kyfia). 

2. Ocsa/ibAO A/ib490HCO Banb- 

aec (Osvaido Aitonso Vaides), 
38 net npesviaem Pailido Liberal 
Demacrdlico (JlMeepanbHO-fle- 
MOKparM'^ecKOM napTMki). nnen 
ABM)KeHws xTodos Unidosu vi ko- 
MMTera no pa3pa5oTKe ripoeura 
Bapena. 

OcaanbAO AnbcfioMca Gun 
apecToeaH 18 uapra 2003 ro/ia. B '^Hcne odevmeHm. 
npeflbHB/ieHHwx ewy, sHa^mnwcb: coTpyaHii^ecTBO c 
AreHTCTBOM Me>KAyHapOAHoro paaBMnm CLUA (USAID). 
paapaGoTKa.nOAHMcaHMe vi pacnpocTp3HeHMe(coBMecT- 
Ho c APyMMki AMCCMAeHTaMM) AOKyMCHTa «Ky6a: uepw 
no npeoAoneHMK) KpM3iica» 

OcaanbAO AnbctioHco Gun ocymaeH no cr.dl VK aa 
«aeticTBMJi npoTMB HeaaavicMMOCTM wnii ToppnTopwanb- 
HOH LiejlOCTHOCTM rocyAapcTBan H CT. 4.1. 4.2a-lJ. 6,1. 
6.2a-b, 7, 1.7, 2, 7,3, 8,1, 8 2. 9. 1,9. 2, 10 Mil 3aKOHa88. 
06BHHeHiieTpe6oBajiono>KH3HeHHoro3aimKweHiin, rio- 
CKOUbKy BanbAec npHsnan ce6n BMHoeHuM no pnAy 
nyHKTOBo6BHHeHMfl,OH6bmocywAeHHa18neTTiopbMbi. 
HaxoAi^TCH B Ttopbue TaHaxaM npoBviHL|»ik) rseaHa. 

I ^ 1 3. neAPona6noAjibBapecPa- 

^^//^^ Moc (Pedro Pablo Alvarez 

^^^^H I Ramos), 55 ner. Upes^asur 

HHjyi^K ConsejoUnitariodeTrabajadores 

^^^^^m Cubanos (CUTC) (06beAHHeH- 

^^^^^T HoroCoBeTaKy6MHCKMxpa6oHtix) 

J^^HL^ (CUTC) 3tot CoaeT HaxoAHTco 

I^^^H^H^^^^^^ B Tecribix cBtOHx c pemoHanb- 

HbtMii lA MeMAyHapoAHUMM npo0- 

coK)3HUM»i opraHM3auMnMii, raKiiMii, KaK Central 

LatinoBmericann de Trabajadores (CLAT) {JlaTHnoaMe- 

pMitaHCKMM cot03 paSoHwx). Contederacidn Mundial de 

Trabajadores (UHpoBan KOHctieAepauMA paGo'^Mx). 

Deflpo na6jno Ajibsapec nenp/icn anTMBHbiM Hne- 
HOM Condtio Cubano m oahmm ii3 paapaGoTMkiKOB Rpoex- 
ra Bapena. 

C 1 996 roAa FleApo DaGno AnbBapec noABepraJicn 
npecneAOBaHMK) aa cbok> npo4)coio3Hyio AenTenbHocTb. 
Oh nOMeii4ajicn noA AOMaujNMM apecr. HeoAHOKpaTHo 
AOnpamHBancH onyxcgaMvi rocSesonacHOcm, 

B aarycTe m 0KTfl6pe 2000 r rieflpo flaSno AnbBa- 
pec noABeprancfl KpaTKocpoMHbiu saAepiKanvifiM, o^e- 
BMAHo. c ue/ibic noueujaTb noA^'orcBKe nepBoro Kotir- 
pecca CUTC, sanjiaH^poaaKHoro Ha 20-21 oKinGpn. 




HecKortKO MneHOB npocficoiosa m airmeHbix a^ccmab**- 
TOB 6binvi apecTOBaHw 13 OKrnGpn 2000 roAa, a Apyr^e 
jiMAepu CUTC GbiUM npeAynpeiuieHbi BnacrnuH, ^to e 
cnyMae i4x y^acrMn a KOHrpecce ohm GyA/r apecroeaHbi. 
HeAPO riaGno Aribsapec npoBe;i noA apecTOM 3 Mecnua 
no o6BMHeHtiK) b conpoTManSHMM aevicr^viaM Bnacreii. 

yypOM 19 uapra 2003 roAa Deflpo na6j^o Ajitaa- 
pec Gbin apecToean, ero aow oGwcKan m Bce MaxoflnaiuM- 
ecn IBM KHMFM MBCTHofi BuGnnoTeKM aBiblioteca sindical 
Emilio Misperou Sbxnn KOH4>MCKOBaHbi. Oh ocyjKAeH Ha 
25 ne^ TiopbMbi no ct. 91 VK ^ b HacTonu^M mombht 
3aKnio>^eH b nopbuy npoBt^HUMM Cbero-Ae-ABiina. 

4. rieflpo Aprya/iec MopaH 

(Pedro Arguelles MorSn) ,55 ner. 
MneH CooperalivadePenodistas 
Independientes (KoonepaiMBa 
He3aBt4<>iriibix jKypnan^cTOB) . Oh 
TaKxe 4neH Comili Cubarjo Pro 
Derechos Humanos (KyGMHCKo- 
ro KOMtiTera no npaeau "46/1066- 
Ka) 

C 1997 roAa rieflpo Apry3nec neOAHOKpaino nofi- 
seprancd yrpoaau n apecraM, 

Oh npuroBopen k 20 roAaM TupeMHoro aaxriKi'^eHMn 
nocT. 6,1, 6.3b, 7.1, 7,3 m 11 SaKona 88. 

B HacTonmee epeMn HaxoflMTcn a TtopbMe npoe»iH- 
UMH CaHTa-Knapa 

5. BMKTOp PO/iaHflO AppOMO 

KapMOHa (Victor Rolando Anoyo 
Carmona), 52 rofla. Biiue-npe- 
3MfleHT opraHHsaijHH Foroporia 
Reforma (OopyM Afin petJjopM) 
H i^neH Unidn Periodistas y 
Escritores Cubanos Indepen- 
dientes (UPECO {CoH33a He3a- 
BiACAUbtx KyGiiHCKkix JKypnantic- 
TOB M HMcaTeneM). 

B fiHBape 2000 roAa oh 6bin npviroBopeH k ujecTn 
Mecnqau rtopbUbi 3a opran 1133141410 pa3AaHH HcpyuieK, 
3ai;yniieHHbix na AeHbrM, np^cnaHHbte m3 MaMauH xySMH- 
CKHMH 3MMrpaHTaMH, 20 ^iDHn OH 6bin ocBoGomaeH vi 
npoAOn)Kaji flkicc»iAeHTCKyK> fleflrenbHOCTb. HecMorpn 
Ha nocTonHMbie npecneaOBaHnn co cropoHbi BnacTeti. 

Bkktop Appoi^o 6bin apecroaaM 18 Mapra 2003 
roAa 5 anpenn oh 5bin ocyxAen no craibe 91 VK na 26 
neT TKJpbMbi. C[>eA"flP!^rMxo5BMMeHMii eMy cTaannocb 
B BHHy nonyneHHe npewim XennMaH/XeMMera. epyMae- 
MOM 3a 3acnyni b sam^Te npaa ^lenoBeKa □praHii3auM- 
eii Human Rights Watch. (Cpedu neypeamoe npemuu - 
aemopbi >Kypnana uKapmaa rpuaopuO RacbKo u Byu 
HaoK Tan. - flpuM. ped.) Bmrrop Appoiio otfibiBaeT cpoK 
B Tiopbue npoBHHL(HH FyaHTaHauo, 



6. MHxenb EapcaraJlyro (Mijail 
Barzaga Lugo), 35 nej. ApecTo- 
Ban 20 MapTa 2003 roAa ^ npki- 
roBopen no ct. 4.1, 4.2b, 7,1 m 
7.3 3aK0Ha88 k 1 5 roAa^ Tiopb- 
Mbi. 

B oGsbiHeHM^ roBOptinocb. 
HTo Muxerib Bapcara Jlyro nonn- 
eTCH HesaBMCMMbiM wypHannc- 





■KAPTA- r« 38-39 200* 



4t 



OfilTAEMbIN OCTPDB 



101 




TOM. nony^HammuM rpaHTW ot npasMTenbCTBa CLUA: «B 
2002 roflyoH ony6nMROBan na pasnuHHbix Be6-caMTax, 
raKHx, KaK CubaNet, Cubaliberal m Payolibfe, pasrtHHHwe 
CTaTbn noflpbtBMoro n KOHTppeeoniOLtnoHHoro xapaKTe- 
p3 c cweBUflHOii LienbtoflHcupeflHTHpoaaTb Ky6nncKoe 
counanncTMHecKoe rocyAapCTBO» 

Muxenb Bapcara Jlyro HaxoflMTcn a TKJpbwe npo- 
BMHUMu CaHTa-Knapa. 

7. OcKap 3/iHac Bmccot Toh- 

csnec (Oscar Elias Biscet 
Gonzalez). 41 rofl. DpesHfleHT 
Fundacidn Lawton de Derechos 
Humanos (XlayTOHCKoro (JJOHfla 
npaBMenoaeKa), paHeeapecio- 
Bbieancn 6onee 20 p83. 

riocre apecTa 3 HOnQpfl 

1999 roAa OH 6bi;i oGsMHeH b 

«ocKOp6rieHHH rocyAapcTaeH- 

HHx cnMBonoB», «D5inecTBeHnoM 6ecnopnflKe» m «noA- 

CTpexsTenbCTBe k npeciynjieHmos n ocy«fleH Ha ipH 

rOAa TIOpbMbl. 

Mepe3 flBa Mecnua nocne oCBo5o«fleHHB. 6 flCKaS- 
pn, OcKap BwcceT BHoab apecTOBbiBaercn BMecre c 16 
ApyruMMflHCCiifleHTaMHsanonbiTKy npoaefleHiifl BflOMe 
BMccera npecc-KOH(J>epenL|nn no npasaM ^e/ioaeKa. 

KorflacoTpyflHHKrtnonnunMfiepeKpbinnBxoflBflOM, 
HTo6biHe nponycTHTbBHyrpby^JacTHUKOBnpecc-KOMtJie- 
peHUMi^, OcKap Bwccer c copaTHUKawn ycrpoHnvi Ha 
ynHue cwflniiyio aKunio npoTecra, BbiupvucHaan noaynrH 
«fla 3flpaBCTByiOT npaea ^jenoBexal » ti "CaoCofla nonn- 
TviuecKMM aaimioMeHHbiMlv. 

Ocxap Bhccct npeACTar nepefl cyaoM BMecre c 
flMCCMfleHTaMU, apecTOB8HHbiMM B Mapre 2003 roaa, w 
5bJn npHroBopeH no ct 91 VK k 25 roaaM TiopbMbi B 
HacTOnmee spewn HaxoflMTcs b Tropbwe npoBMHuuM 
riMHap-Aenb-PHo. 

Oh coflepjKHTcn c o6bi>^HbiMM npecTynnnKaMH b kb- 
Mepe. 6e3 okoh h apyroro cBera, xoTopyio oh caw Kaabi- 
BaeT BTeMHuuBMH Ero noMecTw/iw ryaa aa otkbs acra- 
BaTb e npHcyrcTBHn tndpbmhwx oxpanHiiKOB u bo Bpewn 
nepecMexa sanniOHeHHbix. 

Ero HaKaaaHHe TaKxe BtuiiOHaeT sanpeT hs Bki3MTt.i 
CBMbM, wa nonyneHMe npofloaonhCTBenHbix nepefla^ la 
OAewflbi, Ha neperiHCKy m nporyfiKM na OTKpbiroM Bosay- 
xe, 

B TiopbMe OH HocHT TontKO HHJKHee 6enbe, ran KaK 
OTKaawBaerCB HOCnTb TtopewHyo po6y, nocKonbuy chh- 
jaeT cefiH HeBMHOBMbiM H He npHSnaei BUHeceHHoro 
npHfOBopa, Oh crpa/iaeT ot nOBtiiueHHoro upoBiiHoro 
aaaneHHH m vtHtfieKmiii b poroaoii nonociM. 

flMpeKTOp TIOpbHbl Kilo 8 («BOCbMOti KHflOMerpH). 

rflecoaepJKHTCn&HCKeT, coo6LUMn3nb3eMopexoH(Eisa 
Morejon). mto ee wy* «HeBOcnMTaH», nocKonbKy, Korfla 
oxpaHHMKH nwTanvicb sacraeiiTb ero BcraTb bo apeun 
nepecHera aaK/iwMeHHbix, oh rpoMKo BbiKpMKHyn: «Ao- 
jioii Ak^frarypyl n 

«Moero My>Ka neBOSMOMiHo ySHaib c Tex nop, kbk n 
BivieTia ero nocJieAHMM pas HGTupe MecHqa HaaaA, oh 
nacTonbKo xyaoii, BneAHbiw n 6orbH0M. Ecjim oh h aanb- 
lue 6yfleT HaxoAHTbcn tsm, rae ceii'iac, oh ywpeTs. — 
aanevina 3 RHBSpfl noc/ie CBki/iaKHR co cbohm uywew 
3nb3a MopexoH, 





8. MaprapHTO Epoxe Schmho- 
ca (MargariloBrocheEspinosa), 
45 ner. Panee 6bin cyawM h om- 
Tpa4>oBaH 3a nonbirxy no6era u3 
CTpaHw Bl 992 rofly. Oh 6un ape- 
cToeaH 18 MapTa 2003 roAa. 

CoffiaCHO npuroaopy, Map- 
rapMTO&poxeopraHvi3oaafirpyn- 
ny Ai^cCMAeHTOB noA naaeaHMeM 
Asociacidn Nacional de Balseros. 
Paz, Democracia y Liberlad del Centra Norte de Cuba 
(HaqnoHanbHafl accoMMaunfl nOAOHHHuos aa MHp, ae- 
MoxpaTHK) VI CBo5oA/ na Kyfie), sannMaBiiiyiocn. iok 
cKa3aHo e npuroaope. nco3AaHkieM aTMOC0epbi yaaMe- 
H\m K ntoA^M, nbiraamidMcn 6e>KaTb Lts crpaHbin. 

MapcapHTo Bpoxe 6bin npHroBopeH k 25 rOAau 
TiopbMw no CT 91 VK Ky5bi h ceiiHac HaxoflMTCH b 
TiopbMe raHaxaii npoBkiHUMM raaana. 

9. Mapce/io KaHO POApirec 

(Marcelo Cano Rodriguez). 36 
neT. floKTop MeAMuviHbi HauMO- 
naribHbiM KoopAHHarop o6me- 
CTBeHHOi* Colaglo M6dico 
Independiente de Cuba (KySwHC- 

KOM MeaaBilCtlMOM UeAMUKHCXOH 

accoijHaiiMM). Oh TaK>Ke •^neH 
Comisidn Cubana de Derecfios 
Humanos y Reconciliacion 
Nacional (CCDHRN) (KySviHCKoft 

KOMMCcviM no npaBBM nenoBBKa m HauMDHa;ibHOMy co- 

rnacHKJ). 

Mapceno Kano 6bm apecTOaaH 25 wapTa 2003 r. Oh 

o6BkiHnncfl a noceiueHiiki nonnTimecKMx saKjitOHeHHUx v\ 

Hx ceMeii h b cansnx c Mej^flynapoAHOH opraHH3auneii 

(iBpaHM 6e3 rpaHHUB 

Oh ocyjKaeH no cr. 91 VK Ky6bi hot, 4.1 , 4.2a-b, 6.1 , 

6.2a-b, 7,1 , 7 2. 7.3. 6.1 , 8.2, 9,1 , 9.2, 10 h 1 1 3aKOHa 88 

Ha 18 JieT TKipbMbi. B HacTOnmiiM MoweMi aamiioHeH b 

TDpbwy npoBHHUMn Cbcro-fle-ABHna. 

10. XyaH Po6epTOfle MnpaH- 
aa 3pHaHAec (Juan Roberto de 
Miranda Hernandez), 57 neT. 
BMue-npeanABHT Colegio de 
Pedagogos de Cuba (Konnemn 
npenoaaBaTeneii Ky6b<). Heo- 
flHOKpaxHo npecjiefloeancn wia- 

CTflMH 3a AHCCHfleHTCKyK) AeH- 

TenbHocTb. B TOM HMcne apecTo- 
BbiBancB B ceHTH6pe 1998 r. 
nocneapecra a wapTe 2003 
roaa Po5epTo ae MwpaHaa 6bin npuroBOpeH k 20 ronaw 
TiopbMbi. B BHHy Po6epTo m MHpanae eMeHflnoct bco- 
aaaniie b 1996 roay nesaKOHHoro h xOHTppeBortoLiHOH- 
Horo yneSHoro saBeaeHMP, KneBeTHniHecKan kphtmkb Ky- 
Shhckom cMcreMbi oBpasoeaHHfi n nonbiTnn npuHwaiiTb 
aocTHxenuB b stom oSnacTn peao/iiouHOHHoro nponec- 
ca». 06BMHeHMe Tpe5oaano 25-neTHero sawio^eHMH. 
no MHcJjopMauHM, nocTynHBujeii a Me)KflynapoflHyio Am- 
HHCTMio, OH neaaBHO nepeHec b TiopbMe cepaenHwii 
npHcryn, cTpaaaeT rvinepTOHMeii w 5one3HbK) noncK. B 
nacTOfliuee apCMJi HaxoanTCfl a TiopbMe b npOBiinunn 
MaTancac 




wwAv ■tartfl (vg 



102 



4 



mmi mm 




11. KapMeno ArycTHH Ruac 
OepnaHflec (Carmelo Agustin 
Diaz Fernandez), 65 nei, 51b/ih- 
eTca •<nenoM Unidn Sindical 
Cristiana Cubans (XpucmaHc- 
Koro KySMHCKoro Cooaa pa5o- 
MMx) n npesMfleHTOM Agenda de 
Prensa Sindical Independiente 
de Cuba fAPSIC) (ArehTCTea 
npeccbi Hesaei^CHMbix npotjico- 

I030B Ky5bl) On - HySUHCKHM 

KoppecnoHfleHT eeHecysntcKo- 
ro wypHana Desaflos. aerop pflfla CTarevi b MHTepMeTe. 
HeoAHOKparHo npecneAoaancn snacTnwM sa cbck) 
npo4)eccMOHanbHyK) /leoTeJ^bHOCTb tKypHanucra Kap- 
Meno i\nac 5wn npHroaopen k 16 roAaw no craTbe 91 
yrojioBHoro KOflettca Oh a HacTosiuee Bpewn HaxoflMTcn 
B TiopbMe raHaxaii a hpobvihuhh raB3H3. 

1 2. 3flyapao l\iita,c OneiiTac (Eduardo Diaz Fleitas), 51 
rofl. HneH MHori4x npaBoaaujHTHbix rpynn npoBUHUKM 
riMHap-AeJ^b-Piio. TSKnx, KaK vMovimiento 5 de Agostou 
(«AeMM(eHHe 5 aarycTaH). do npocJieccMti - tpepuep. k 
ziMCCMaeHTCKouy /iBM>KeKMK> nptiMKHyn e Ha^a/ie 90-x. 
nocTOflHHO nOAseprancfl npecneaoBaHiiio BnacTHMn. 
apecraM, o6bicK3u. Aonpocau. 

B ero np^roBope cxaaaHo, hto oh «B03rfiaBnneT 
rpynny onnosMMiiM. jaHMMatoiMyiocn raK HasbisaeubiMM 
"npasaMM MenoBeKa", opraHHsyer Meponp^nTHfl c hc- 
no;ib30BaHMeM HauMOHanbHoro c})nara m pacnpocTpanq- 
eTnnaKaTbicTpe6oBaHneM CBoSoAWAnnnonnTniecuHx 
3aK;iioMeHHbix « "ysnnxoBcOBecTii", 4to nenneTcn OTxpo- 
aeHHbiM Bbi30B0M cyAe6HO»i, non^TmecxoM ^ couHa/ib- 

HOM CMCTeMe» 

3flyapAo flHac 6bin ocyjuflen no craTbnM 4.1. 4.2a- 
b.6.1,6,3a-b, 7.1, 7.3h 11 3aKOHa88Ha21 roATiopbMU. 

CoAep>Ki4Tcn B Bunna MapMcra, e LxrraS-xBapTMpe 
ynpaancHHB rocSesonacHocni. 

13. AHTOHMoPaMOH/lMac Can- 
sec (Antonio Ram6n Diaz 
Sanchez). 40 ner. HneH 
Movimiento Cristiana Liberacidn 
(XpHCTMaHCKoro oca 060;)^ Ten b- 
Horo flBHxeHun). aKTMBHCT ripo- 
eicra Bapena. Do npofpeccMu ~ 
aneKTpMK Ocy>KfleHnocT,91 Vro- 
noBHoro KOflBKca us 20neT TKjpt- 
ubi. Doc/^e opraHMsauMM aKiiHn 
nporecTa 6bin nepeaefieH m3 

TiopbMbi npoBMHiiMM FaBBHa b TiopbMy HaAPyroii *(OHei4 

ocrpoBa. B nposMHUHto OnbrHH. 



14. Anb4>peAO Pynojibt^o Ro- 
MHHrsc EaTHCTa (Alfredo 
Rodoifo Dominguez Batista). 
Mnen Movimiento Cristiana 
Liberacidn (XpHCTwaHCKoro oc- 
BoSoAMTenbHoro ABMJKeHMn), 
aKTMBHCT npoeirra Bapena b npo- 
BUHMHM Jlac-Tywac. 

ApecToaaH 19 MapTa2003 
roAa H npkiroBopeH k 14 ro/^aM 
nopbMbi. Flocxie opraHHsauHH aK- 






14HV1 npoTecTa 6bin nepeBeACM m3 TioptMbi npoBiiHiiMM 
JIac-TyHac b TiopbMy Ha Apyoii Koneu ocTposa b npo- 
BMHU^K) OribrHH. 

15. OcKap MaHya/ib ScriMHoca 
4ene (Oscar Manuel Espinosa 
Chepe), 62 roAa. BwaiuHM cny- 
)Kau|Mii HaMktOHa/ibHoro 6aHK3 
Ky6bi. Pa5oTan sKOHOMmecnnM 
coaeTHMtcoM nocoribCTea KySbi a 
Benrpaae. Floaie yao/ibHeHHH 3a 
KpMTi^Ky nonnTviKki npaBMTenb- 
cTBa - He3aBi4ciiMbiH wtyp^anMCT 
M o6o3peBaTenb no SKonoMti^ec- 
KtiM v\ nojit^TimecKMM BonpocaM. 
OcKap 3cnnHoca 6hin QcywASH no cxaTbe 91 Vro- 
noBHoro KOfleKca m ct. 4.1, 4.2a-t), 6.1. 6.2a-b. 7,1, 7.2. 
7.3, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10 H 11 3aK0Ha 88 na 20 nei 
TiopbMbi. B u^cne npo>4Mx o6BiiHeHMM - « nan]Am^e 
perynflpHOM nporpawMW Ha Radio Marti (PaflMO MapTM) 
noA HasBaHHeM "PaaroBOp c Hene', a KOTopofl om aaBan 
MCKaweHHyio HH0opHaunto OTHocMTentHO Ky6nHcicoii 

3KOHOW11KM». 

Flo MHipopMaui^M Me>KAyHapoAHOti Amhhctmvi, co- 
CTOHHue SADpoabfl OcKapa DcnmHOCbi Kpawne Tnwenoe. 
B HacToniUHH mombht oh naxoflHTCfl b TOpeMHoii 6onb- 
HHue npoBHHL|i4H FyaHTanaMo c 6oJie3HbK} ne^eHii. m- 
nepTOHMBH VI MCT0LueHi4eM, HO. no cooSiASHvinM uneHOB 
ceMbH, He nonyMaei AOCTaTOHHoro neienHB. 



16. A/ibCt>peao (berMne ci>y3H- 

Tec (Alfredo Felipe Fuenles). 
HjieH Consejo Unitano de Traba- 
iadores Cubanos (CUTC) (05i,e- 
AMHeHHoro Ky6nHCKoro CoBera 
paSo^iMx). Aktmbhct no c6opy 
noAnHceii b noAAepiKKy Flpoex- 
Ta Bapena b npoBMHMMM Faea- 
Ha. FlpviroBopeH k26 roAawi Tiopb- 
Mbi COAepJKHTCBBTOpbMenpO- 




BviHUMH CaHTa-Knapa 




17. 3(t>peH (t>epHa>utec <t>ep- 
Hahflec (Efren Fernandez 
Fernandez). 54 rofla CenpeTapt 
Mowmiento Cristiana Liberacidn 
(XpHCTHaHCKoroocBoSoflMTenb- 
Horo ABUfKCHMs). Aktmbhct no 
c6opy noAnHceii a noAflepxKy 
DpoeKTB Bapena a npoBMHumi 

Faeana. OH6bi/io6BHHeH BnpecTynneHMnxnpoTMerocy- 
AapCTBeHHoii 6e3onacHOCTii no cr. 91 YK m rpHroBOpen 

K 12 rOA3M TiopbMbi. 

18. XyaH Aaonb4)o OepHaH* 
flee CaMHM (Juan Adolfo 
Fernandez Sainz) , 54 roaa. Flpo- 
(l}ecci<iOHanbHbiM nepeaoAHMK c 
aHrnHMCKOro nsuKa. )KypHanHCT 
HesaBMCMMoro aroHTCTBa Patria 

(sPOflMHas). 

B none 2002 roAa Ky6MHC- 
Koe npasMTenbCTBo oTKaaano 
Aflonbii>o <I>epHaHAecy h TpeM flpyrHM awccMAeHTaM b 




'KVTA' M 3S-3S 2004 



^ DbHTAEMUi DCIPDB 



113 




noesflse b CTpac6yp (OpaHUnn) flnn y^jacrwo e cewnHa- 
pe«KaKfleMOKpaTM3MpOBaTbKy6yn3HyTpM», npoxoAiiB- 
Lueu B EBponapnaueHTe. 

AAonb4)0 0epH3Haec 6bi/i npnanaH bmhobhum no 
CT. 4.1, 4,2b, 7.1 v\ 7.3 3aK0Ha 88 m npMroBOpeH k 15- 
jieTHeMy -nopeMHOwy saimraHeHMK). 

1 9. Xoce AaHK3;ib iPeppep Tap- 
CMf) (Jose Darnel Ferrer Garcia). 
Akthbuct HpoeicTa Bapena m pe- 
rMOHanbHuti KOopA^Harop 
Movimiento Chsliano UberaciOn 
(XpHCTviaHCKoro 0CBo5ofliiTenb- 

HOrO ABM)KeHrtFl) B npOBI^HUMH 

CaMTbBro-fle-Ky6a. 

3a CBOK) flHCCMfleHTcnyio 
AenrenbHOCTb Xoce flaHna/ib Oeppep HeoflHOKpaTHo 
noflBepranCfi npecnefloaaHHaM co CTopOHbi B/iacreM. 
Oh 6bin saflepjKan Ha HecKOnbKO flHeii b H0n6pe 2000 
roaa BMecre c ApynMM flHccHACHTaMM, npoTecTOBaa- 
iijHMM npoTMB cyAa hba cbommm coparHUKaMvi. 22 dHBapn 
2002 rOA3 coTpyAHHKH nonMijiiM ocraHOB^nM aBTo6yc, b 
KOTopoM exanM Xoce flaHHsrib <Peppep m aKTHBHCTbi 
ripoeKTa Bapena BbiTam^nM vix m3 MatuiiHbi vi M36vin»i. 
PaccKaswaan o5 3tom MHUHfleHTe JtiypHanHciy H3 CLUA, 
Xoce A3H^3nb Oeppep CKa3an. «Mbi 3a M^pHbie pei^op- 
Mw 3to paspemeHO nauiei\ KoKCTHTyuMeft. Mw hb Hapy- 
iijaeM3aK0HOB, co^MpannoAnMcti, n ohh SHaiOT 3to. Ohm 

3MaKlT 3T0». 

Xoce flaHHSJib (Peppep 5bin npnroBopeM x 25 ro- 
flBM. 05BiiHeHwe Tpe6oBajio Ann Hero CMepTHbivi npiiro- 

80p. B HaCTOFILUHH MOMQHT OH HaXOAHTCn B TIOpbMe 

npOBMHL4MM riiiHap-fle/ib-PviO. 

20. JlyMc SHpHKS CDeppep Tap- 

CHa ILuisEnriqueFefrer Garcia), 
27neT. BparXoceflaHHSflfltPep- 
pepa fapCMa. MreH Movimiento 
Cristiano Liberacidn (XpHcrviaH- 
CKoro ocBo5oflMTenbMoro flBH- 
jneHMfl). HeoAHOKpaTHO apecro- 
Bbi8ajiCH3acaoioAe!'TenbHOCTb. 
ripHrOBOpeH K 28 roAaM TKipb- 
Mbi. DepeBeAeH b TwpbMy Kom- 
6nHaA0-flenb-3cTe nocne opraHH3aunii axra nporecra 
BMecre CAPy''>^'«'"3KT"Bi't^'''3i^^'apecTOBaHHbiMM b Map- 
le 2003 roAa 

21. OpnaHflo OaHAOpa Anaa- 

poc (Orlando Fundora Alvarez), 
47 neT. npeaMACHT Asociacidn 
de Presos Pollticos uPedro Luis 
Boitetu, (AccounauMH noniiTH- 
>4ecKMX saKJiio'^eHHbix HMeHti 
neflponynca&oiSrenn, EromsHa 
MonaHAa TpwaHa (Yolanda 
Triana) nanneTcn A^peKTOpOM 

HaCTHOH 5M6llMOTeKH H TaKWC aK- 
TMBHblM A^CC^eHTOM. 

OpnaHflo OaHAopa n ero jkchb HeoAHOKpaiHO nofl- 
Bepranwcb penpecctinM co cropOHbi Bnacreii. Ha mx adm 
6bmM coBepuieMbi HanaaenviK MMeycraHOBneHHHMn /im- 
Liaunn. 

nocne apecra a Mapre 2003 roAa OpnaHflo OaHAO- 
pa6binnpMroBOpeHnocT. 91 VKk 18roflaMTiopbMbi Oh 
CTpaAaeT 6one3Hb>o cepAua m mnepTOHMeii. 







22. ripocnepo TaHLta Aryspo 
(ProsperoGainzaAgiJero},npefl- 
ciaBkiTenb npoBUHijbiM OnbriiH b 
Movimiento Nacional de 
Resistencia Civica "Pedro Luis 
Boiteli' (HauHonanbHOM ABMMce- 
HMM rpa>KAaHCKoro conpoTMsne- 
HHfl MMeHM rieAPo Hyuca BoiiTe- 
nn). HeoAHOKpaTHO noAaepran- 
cn penpecct^dM. 
Oh 6bin apecroBaH 18 wapra 

2003 roAa. 06BMKeHHbJH b «noApbiBHbixAeiicTBMnx>' Ha 
ocH06aHiiMflOKyMeHTOB,o6Hapy)KeHHbtxBOBpeMno6biCKa 
B ero aoMe, oh 6biJi np^roBOpeH k 2b roAau Tiopbuu. 

COAepWMTCH B TlOpbMe npOBHKLllIM CaHThnro-fle- 
Ky6a m. no coo6ii(eHHnM, THxeno 6oneH. 

23. MHrenb ParibBaH Tyrbepec 

(Miguel Galv^n Gutierrez), 38 
neT. Ho o6pa30BaHiiio ^HweHep. 
AsTOp craTeiii ant* HesaBMCHuo- 
ro areHTCTsa raBana npecc, npe- 
3iiAeHT Colegio de Ingenieros y 
Arquitectos de Cuba (KonnernH 
itHweiepOB M apxkiTeKTopoB 
Ky6bi) Oh Taiotte nanaeTca perM- 
owanbHbiM KOOpflHHaropOM ripo- 
eirra Bapena. MMre/ib ranbBan 
HeoAHOKpaTHO noABeprancn penpeccMflM. Bbin apecro- 
BBH 18 Mapra 20O3 roAa m npHroBOpen no ct.91 YK m 
GaKOMy 88 k 26 roflaM TiopbMbi. Oh — MHBanHfl nocne 
aBTOMo6MnbhioAKaTa CTpo0 bi . 

24, XynMoCesap ranbaec Pofl- 
pHrec {Julio Cesar G^lvez 
Rodriguez), 58 neT. >KypHanncT. 
B 2001 roAy oh yaonnnca c rocy- 
AapcTBeHHux paA^ocTaHUMH 
Radio Ciudad de La Habana v\ 
Radio Codena Habana pjm\ co- 

TpyAHMHeCTBa C HesaBHCMMUU 

areHTCTBOM Cufia Free Press. 
Oh 6bin apecTOBBH 1 9 Map- 

Ta 2003 rOAa n npuroBopen no 
CTaTbHM4-1, 4,2b, 6.1, 6.3b, 7,1, 7.3, nil 3aicoHa88K 
aaxjiwHeHMio na 15 neT CTpaAaeT xpoHHHecKOM rMfiep- 
TOHMeii. 

25, 3fle;ib Xoce FapcHa /]Mac 

(EdelJos6 Garcia Diaz), 57neT, 
flMpsKTOp HeaaBHCMMoro areKi- 
CTBanenaTttBraBaHe. HeoAHOK- 
paTHO apecTOBbiBancn n Bbi3bi- 
Bancn na Aonpocbi b nepMOA 
1997-1999 tr. 

3flenb Xoce Tapciia flmac 
6bin ocyiKABH no craTb^u 4.1, 
4.2t), 6,1, 6.3b, 7.1, 7.3, vi 11 
3aKOHa88Ha15neT. CpeaHapy- 
FMx o6BHHeHiiw - ny6nMKamin 
CTaTbW nnoxoM coctoahmh ujxonbHbix 3AanMki b raaawe 
«c npnno>KeHneM tboTorpaefcMWB CoAep>KMTnn BTiopbMe 
npoBHHUviHCaHTbF)ro-Ae-Ky6a. 





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104 



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KPACHOE KOAECfl 





26. Xoce JlyHC Tapcna HaHeKe 

(Jose Luis Garcia Paneque), 38 

neT. rijiacTMHecKMWXMpypr, HJiSH 

Colegio Medico Independiente de 

Cuba (Kv6MHCKoi* HesaBMCMMoii 

uea^u,v\nCKOu accouMaqMM). Oh 

TaioKB 3aHHMaeTCfl jKypMariMCTn- 

KOM, flBJinncbAt^peKTopoM Heaa- 

BMc^uoro areHTcrea Libertad m 

HnenoM Sociedad de Periodistas «Manuel Marquez 

Sterlings) (OQiuscraa )«ypHa/ii4CT0B MueHU MaHysnn 

MapKeca CrepnHHra). Akthbuct npoeirra Bapena. 

18 wapra 2003 rofla Xoce JlyHC TapcHa Sbin apec- 
TosaH. Ero ao** 6bin o6bicKaH. v\ see xrypHajiMcrcKoe m 
MeAHL(i4HCKoe o6opvAOBaHiie 6bvio KOHcfivicKOsaHo. 06- 
BMHeHMe Tpegosano ant* Xoce /ly^ca FapcKia 18 neT 
TiopbMbi Cyfl npuroeopH/i ero n 24-neTHeMy saKmowe- 

HV\K. 

27. PHKapAO CeeepMHO ToHca- 
nee AnbctioHco (Rlcardo 
Severino Gonzales Alfonso), 53 
rofla. ripeoH/ieMT HeaaaiiciiMOfo 
Sociedad dePeriodistas sManuel 
Marquez Stedingx fOSmecTBa 
xcypHanMCTOB mmchm Manyann 
MapKeca CTepnuHra) m Koppec- 
noHfleHT MeiKflyHapoflHoro o6- 
L^ecTBa HpenopTeptii 6e3 rpa- 

PMKapflo foHcanec HeoaHOKpaTHO apecroBbiBan- 
cn. TaK, B 0KTH5pe 1997 rofla oh 6b<n apecTOBSH sa 
pacrTpocTpaneHHe MHCl}OpMauMk< o HapymeHHnx npaa 
<^enoBeKa b npoB^HUMVi CaHia-Knapa. 

Oh Qbiji ocBo6o>KaeH nepea ;iBa ahfi c npeflynpe)K- 
AenkieM, 4ToecnH oh ne npeKpaTHT m^caTbTaKMecraTbii, 
TOflon^ceH 6yfleT BwSpaTb MeiKfly saimtoHeHweM h n3rna- 
H^eu. 16 uapra 2001 r. oh BHosb apecTOBbiaaeTcn sa 
no/irOT0BKy ceMiiHapa kSthkb m tKypHanHCTMKas 22 
0eBpann m 15 lAtonn Toro xe ro^a oh BbOwBancn Ha 
aonpoc B opraHM roc6e3onacHOCTH. 

PwicapflO ToHcanec Bwr apecToasM 1 8 Mapra 2003 
ro^a v\ npMroBopeH k 20 ro;iaM Tiopbubi no ct.91 VK. 
OGBHHeHne TpeBoeano nowHSHeHHoro saKnioHeHHn aa 
«arpeccMBHi>ie m KneeeTHH^ecKiie nySntiKauiiM npOTno 
Ky6HHCKoro npaB;iTenbCTea» 

28. ^HocQaflO roHcanec Map- 
pepo (Diosdado Gonzalez 
Marrero). Heo/iHOKpaTHO sa/iep- 
^KHBsncn aa AHCC^eHTCKyio as- 
HTenbHOCTb. B 1 999 roAy oh npo- 
Ben B TiopbueG MecflueB aa c6op 
CBeaeMMM o HapymeHMM npae ^e- 
roaexa nepeA M6epo-aMepiiKaH- 
CKMM cauuMTau. 

ApecTOBaHHbii* b Konqe Mapia 2003 rofla. flwocfla- 
ao fOHcanec ocy>»uieH no 3aK0Hy 86 na 20 neT TKipbMbi. 
Oh coflepwuTcn b TiopbMe npoBMMLimi riMHap-flenb-Piio. 
no cooOLi^eH^HM poACTBeHHHKOB jatuiio'^eHHoro, eio ^ep- 
MaTBTeMHOiio/iMHOHHOMKaMepe. BbinycKanHa nporynxy 
oan^H paa B AeHb na oahh hbc. 





29. Jlecrep ToHca/iec netrroH 

(L6ster Gonzalez Penton), 26 
ner. AtnHBMCT npasosamHTHoro 
flBH)KeHnn, npeacraBMTenb ot 
npOBMHUMn CaHTa-Knapa b 
Confederacidn de Trabajadores 
Democralicos de Cuba (KyBMHC- 
KOM KOH^e^epaiiMM AeuoKpaxvt- 

MeCKMX paSOHHX). 

HeoAHOKpaTHO noflBepran- 
cn npecneaoBaHi4K) co ciopoHbi Bnacreii, Hanp^wep. 
npeeeHTviBHbtMaaflepjtcaHHBM, yrpo3aM yronoBHoro npe- 
cneAOBaHbifl aa lynenACTBo. B to apeun KaK 5bin yaoneH 
c pa6oTbi aa yvacrne b HeaaaHcviMOM npocjicoioje. 

Jlecrep ToHca/iec apecroBan 1 8 uapra 2003 rofla h 
npMTOBOpeH K 20 roaau TiopbUbi no ct.91 VronoBHoro 
KOAeKca. HaxoAMTCfi e riopbue ropoAa CaHbnro-Ae- 
Ky5a. 

30. AnexaHflpo foHca/iec Para 

(Alejandro Gonzalez Raga), 45 
ner. >KypHanMCT, aKiMBMcr c6o- 
pa noAnnceii b noAAep«Ky Dpo- 
fiKra Bapena. Ocy>KAeH Ha 14 
ner TtopbMbi no cr 91 VK. Co- 

AepKMTCn BTIOpbUenpOBMHUMM 

Cbero-Ae-AsHna. 

31 . Xopxe JlyMc ToHcanec TaH- 
Kepo (Jorge Luis Gonzalez 
Tanquero), 32 roAa. MncH rpyn- 
nbi Movimienio Independentista 
Carios Manuel da C6spedes 
(JXanxenvin HeaaBHcuMOcm ^ue- 
Hn Kapnoca Mawyann Cecneae- 
ca). Aktmbvict DpoeicTa Bapena 
B npoBMHUHK /lac-Tynac. 

ApecToean 19 uapia 2003 
rOAa 14 ocyjKAen na 20 ner riopbMbi HaxoaMrcn a rropbMe 
TaHaxaii, npOBHHuiiR TaBBHa. 

32. JleoHenb fpase Ae (lepanb- 
Ta AnbueHapec (Leonel Grave 
de Peralta Almenares). Mnen 
Movimiento Cristiano Liberacidn 
(XpHCTHaHCKoro ocB06oAnrenb- 

HOrO ABMweHUn) B npOBMHUMM 

Canra-Knapa. AKTUBMcr HpoeK- 
la Bapena. BnaAeneij ^acTHoii 
o6mefl0CTynHOH 6M6nMDTeKii 
HM. BapTonoMB Macco. 
B ceHTn6pe 2002 r eroflOM noABeprcn nanaAehiiK) 

Bngadas de Respuesia Ripida (Ky6MHCKoro OMOHa). 

JleoMenb rpase ae nepanbra 5wn ocywAen BMecre c 
HecKonbKdMi^ ApyrnMH HnenauH 
XpiicTHaHCKoro 0CB06oAKTenb- 
Horo ABH)KeHbi» v\ np^roeopen k 
20 roaau TiopbMbino 3aKOHy 88. 
Haxoa^TCfl B TiopbMe npOB^H- 
UHM riMHap-aenb-PMo. 

33. MeaH 3pHaHflec KappHn- 

nho (Ivan Hernandez Carnllo, 32 
roaa. Akthbhct aewoxparnMec- 
KoroABUJKeHMd.iineHPafr/dopor 






■HAPrA- m 38-39 2004 



^ atMTAEMblii SCTPflB 



lis 



ta Democraaa wPedro Luis Boileh ^^eMOKpaTl1'^ecKoii 
napTHM MMSHM rieflpo Hyvica Bovnenft). HesaBuCHMhiii 
jKypnanHCT, B.naneneu ^acTHOii oCmefloCTynHoii 5m6- 
jiiioTeKki B nposMHLtMii MaraHcac. 

no caeaeHMBM MeitmyHapoflHoS Amhucthm, Hbbh 
SpHaNfiec HeoaHOKpaTHc noasepra/icn norHueiiiCKnM 
npecne/losaHHHM (KpaTKOBpeMenHbiu apecTSM. ebijo- 
BSM Ha flonpocbi B flHBape m 0eapajie 1997 r., H0a6pe 
1999 r). 

B HiOHe 2002 fOAa oh sMecre c HecxonbKHMH 4neHa- 
Mn AeMOKparwecKow napTiiM 6bin noflBeprHyr npeBen- 
TWBHOMy apeciy cuenbK) HeaonymeHMfl BCTpe^M c rpyn- 
noM CTopOHHuKOBASMOKpaTHM M3 MyHkiLiHnariMTeTa rie- 

PMKO. 

Mbbh SpwaHaec 5bin apecroaaH IS wapia 2003 
roAa. 6 i^Mcne odeMHSHtiM, npeAvoB/ieHHbix euy. Sbino 
Ha^^1l^ne noMrbioTepa, npeanonojKHTenbHO nory^SHHo- 
ro M3 CUJA, M fleHejKHbie nepeBOAw Ha np/o6peTeHMe 
KMi4r Ann SmSjimotbkm. CBUAeTerm D6BMHeHiinnoKa3ajiw. 
MTo AOM MaaKa SpHaKOeca noceujanM 3btomo6mjiii c 
A^nnOMaTMHecKMMM HOMepaMM. 

HeaH 3pH3Hziec KappMnribO 6 bin ocyiKAeH Ha 25 
jieTTiopbMbi nocTaTbnM4.1,4.2a-b.6.1, 6.3b, 7.1, 7.3 m 
8 2 SaKOHB 66. 3a<aiK)MeHHbit^ TtopbMbi npoBMHMMvi Onb- 

THH. 

34. HopuaHflo 3pHaHnec Tom- 
canec (Normando Hernandez 
Gonzalez), 32 rofla. flnpeiaop 
Colegio de Periodistes 
IntjependientesiKonnenAHneia- 
BMCMMbix }KypHanMCTOB). Heo- 
AHOKpaTHO noABeprancfl penpec- 
c^flM. B ct}eBpane vi Mapre 2001 
roaa OH 6bm cMnoii ocraHOBrieH 
Ha yjinLie, nocaxen e nonnijeiic- 

Kyio MauivHy n yeeseH sa necKoribKo MUfib or ropoAa a 
nycTbiHHyio MecmocTb. 8 uapTa 2002 roAa RBMBUJuecfl 
B AOM HopMaHAO 3pH3»4Aeca norMueucKiie necKontiKo 
MacoB aenii c jKypna/iMCTOM «pa3bnCHMTe/ibHyio 6ece- 
Ay». yrpoxan TKipbMOtH aa ero nySnttKauHM. C IS khoha 
2002 Buy OTKniouMriM leneitiOH. HecMOTpn Ha nonnyio 
onnaiy no CMeraM. HopwaHfio GpnanAec 5w/i apecro- 
saH 24 MSpTa 2003 roAa. nonMU^n KOHt^kicKoaana ynte 
odiopMTieHHbJe AOKyMSHTbi Ha Bbie3A c Ky6bi caMoro 
}KypHanMCTa m ero jKCHbi. 

CpefiM anpecTyrneHMWJt, MMKpMMMMHpyeMbix Hop- 
MaHAo OpnaHAecy. -tmoAfOTOBKa 116coo6ineHiiM Ann 
Hocnuiei^ npoBOKaukioHHoe HasBanne paA^ocTaHUMM 

«XOCe MapTMB, B KOTOpblX OH TeHAeHLlMOaHO MCKanon 

(JjaKTbi c yenbK) npHHUHHib Bpea 6e3onacMOcrTn cTpanbi 
H a KOTopux OH nanaAan »a CHcreuy 3ApaBooxpaHeHvifl 
M oSpaaoBant^Fi, sbiCKaauBaji coMneHtin Bcnpaeeon^BO- 
CTH couna/iHCTHHecKoro npaaocyann, oipHuan floc™- 
ixeHMi^ B o6nacTM Typii3Ma. xyiibTypbi, cenbCKoro xosrh- 
CTBa, pbi6orioBcrBa...B 

HopuaHAO OpnaHABC npH- 
roBopen k 25 roAaM TtopbMbi no 
CT 91 yronoBHoro KOfleKca Ha- 

XOAMTCB B TKDpbMe &OHHaTO (npO- 

BHHUHfl CaHTbJiro-Ae-Ky6a). 

35. PeAJKMC Hrnecuac PaMM- 

pec (Regis Igleslas Ramirez), 36 
nar. 4neH Movimiento Crisliano 






Ubergcidn (XpiiCTkiaHCKOro ocBoOOAHTenbHOro a.Bv\iKe- 
Hi^n) B raBane. Oh Bbin BOB/ieneH a paBoTv, canaaHMyio 
c npoenTOM Bapena Panee kc cyAww. 

Pefl;*iwc l4rjiecHac Gbin apecioaaH a KOHije uapTa v\ 
ocy)KaeK 3 anpenn 2003 roAa. Oh 6bin np^roBopen k 
3aK/iK)HeHiiio Ha 18 nei no CTaibe 91 yroroBHoro KOAeK- 
ca. Oh HaxoAMTCH b TKipbMe MyHi<ii(MriaiiMTeTa Kauary- 

3U. 

36. XyaH Kap/ioc 3ppepa Ako- 
cra (Juan Carlos Merrera 
Acosta). 36 nex, Hnew 
Movimiento Cubano de Jivenes 
por la Democracia (Ky6nHCKoro 
MonoAe>KHoro aeH)KeHMn aa Ae- 
MOKpaTMKj) H Asociacidn de 
Presos Pollticos « Pedro Luis 
Boitelu fAccoi4naiiHM nonnTMnec- 
Knx sawiKmeKHbix MMeHH rteapo 
Jlynca BoiiTenH) HejaBHCMMwiS 
wypHanncT b npoaHHUwn Tyan- 

TSHaMO. 

C 1987 ro 2001 roA Xyan Kapnoc Oppepa oiSbiBan 
HeTwpexneThHvi nopeuHbiM cpOK 33 nonbiTKy He3aK0H- 
HOM sunrpauHn. 3a speMn ssicnioMeHMFi oh HeoAHOKpar- 
Ho nona^an a Kapqep, ni4LueHHbi/ Aocryna caera. 3a 
opra^MaaqMK) aKuiiki nporecra m oTKas corpyAHMMarb c 
TiopeMHbiMH anacT^MH. 

Xyan Kapnoc Sppepa 6biJi apecroBan 19 wapra 
2003 roAa vi cyflHw BMecre c ManyaneM ySancoM ToHsa- 
rtecoM. HecMOTpn na to, i4T0 npeA>>nBneHHoe mm oSbm- 
HeHvie B CBnanx c reppopMcni'tecKOti suviFpaHrcKOH opra- 
HMsanMew 'Comandos F-4a ne Sw/io noflKpenneno (fax- 
TaMM M AoxaaaTenbCTBaMM, XyaH Kapnoo Sppepa 6bin 
npHroBopen k 20 roAau TiopbUbi no 3aK0Hy 88. B HacTO- 

niAMM MOMCHT HaxOAHTCR 6 TtOpbUG BOHMaTO (CBHTbnrO- 

As-KySa) 

37. Xoce yeanisAO hckbm- 
epflo 3pHaHAec (Jas£ 
Ubaldo Izquierdo Herndn- 
dez). BnaAeneq ^acrno^ 06- 
uieAocrynHOM 6vi6ri>ioTeKi4 
MMeHM CeGacTbFiHa ApKoca 
Eepmeca h ne3aB\itcvwtiiS>i 
«ypnaniiCT, corpyAHUHaio- 
HHiS c areHTCTBOM «Grupo 
Decoron HeoAHOKpaTHoero 
AOM M OH C3M nMHHo noABepraniiCb nanaAeHMOM. opra- 
HM30BaHHbiM coTpyAHMxauM Ky€iiHCKOii roc6e3onacHOC- 
TH. )(.0(x y6ajibA0 McKBMepAO ObiJi apecToean a xoHi^e 
uapra 2003 rOAa m npurOBopeu k 16 roAau rrapbubi. 

38. PaHHanb^D MMrenb /1a6- 
paAa rieHbR (Relnaldo Miguel 
Labrada Peiia). 40 neT Mnen 
Movimiento Crisliano Liberacidn 

(XpMCTHaHCKOrO 0CB060AMTenb- 

HOroABM}KeHMn). axTMBMCr npo- 
exra Bapena. BbinapecTOBanlS 
MapTa 8 npoBMHUMM flac-Tynac. 
(IpMroBopeH K 6 roAau T>opbMbi. 
3to caMbiH ManbiH cpoK TtopewHoro 3aK/iK3veHMH ki3 BceA 
rpynnbi A^ccHAeHTOB, apecToaanHbix eecHofi 2003 rooa 





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KPACHDE KDMCD 




3a 0praHit3auMia skumm nporecra PetiHaJibflo MHre/^b 
JlaSpafla nepeeefleH b TiopbMy cTpororo pewHMa a npo- 
BMHUMH TyaHTaHaMO. 

39. JlMSpaAO PHKapAo JlMHa- 
pec TapCHa (Librado Ricardo 
Linares Garcia), J2rofla ripean- 
flBMT Movimiento Cubana 
Reflexidn (flsHweHUB coMHesa- 
ioujmxcb). oGbeflHMBKimero cto- 
poHHUKOB pett>opM. rio rpo<fec- 
CMM- HHJKeHep, Bl992rofly5wji 
HCKniOHeH m KounapTHH KySw 

3a npnauBbi k npoeeA^n^'K) 3t(0HOMMNecKnx petttopw 

AKTHBMCTaHCCMfleHTCK0rOaBH»eHmi, HeOflHOKpaTHO, B 

1995, 1996, 1999roflax.noflBepraricanpecneAOBaMMRM 
CO CTOpOHbi enacTSH (npeecHTiiSHbiM apecTdM). 

Bbin apecTQBaH 18 wapTa 2003 rOAa, era aom 6bin 

06blCKaH COTpyflHHKaMM nOnHUHH, M WHOrne JlHMMbie 

aemki ilMSpaAO PMKapAO flMHapeca, BKnio'HaFi aenocM- 
neA, 6unM KOH0MCKO&aHbi, npMroaopeH k20 roAaurapb- 
Mbj sa TO, HTo, anpMKpbisaflCb aaiAMToii npae nenoaeKa, 
3annMancn KOHrppeeoTiiom^OHHOM AenTeribHOCTbio ny- 
Tew opraHMaaijHH acTpe^, KOn0epeHi4iiii h cewnHapoes. 

40. 3ktop SepHaHAO Maceaa 
TyTbeppec (Heclor Fernando 
Maseda Gutierrez). 60 /ler Ho 
npo4>ecckivi - MHM(enep-(t)H3hiK. 

AlfTMBMCT flMCCHAeHTCKOrO ABM- 
XeHMfl. aBTOp MHOrOHHC/ieHHMX 

CJateii no mctopmm, aKOHOMMKe h 
KyribType ApeCTOBbieancn b 
1997 11 2000roAax. 

3ktop Mace as 6 bin apecro- 
BBH y ce6n aoua 18 wapra 2003 
rofla. Oh 6bin ocy«AeH no ciarbe 91 YronoBHoro koabk- 
ca M CTaTbJiM4.1, 4.2a-b, 6 1, 6.2a-b, 7.1, 7,2, 7.3. 8,1. 
8.2,9.1,9.2, IOh 11 3aKOHa38tinpMroBOpeHK20roAaM 
TiopbMbi. BHacTOfliueeepeMfl SitropMaceAaHaxofliiTCfl 
B TopbMe MyHHUHna/iMTera MaHasac, 

41 , Mapceno Manyonb Honec BaHo6- 
pe (MarceioManuel Lopez Bai^obre), 39 
/ler nonpo0eccMM-KanwTaH6yKCiipa. 
ripMMKHyn K pa6oTe Comisidn Cubana 
de Derechos Humanos y Reconciliacidn 
Nacional f CCDHRWJ (Ky6MMCK0M komhc- 
CMM no npaaau ^enoaeKa h Hauttonarb- 
HOMy cor/iacnio) nocne noTonnenHn 6e- 
peroBOM oxpSHOM 6yKCMpa « 1 3 Mapran c 
SeweHuauM, noswe cra/i o0iiu^anbHbiM npeacraaviie- 
neM wepTB stom Tpareflnw, 

C Havana noniiTvmecKvix penpeccMM b wapre 2003 
rofla Mapceno Manyanb Jlonec co5npar CBeAeHMB 06 
apecTooaHMWK AnccHflCHTax, B re ahm oh nMca/i: 

«BonHa o6biCKOB, KaH4)MCKaL4Mvi k apecioa, naMse- 
luaflcn ISMapra,- ^lpe^Bb^'^a^iHoo^acHa. KaxnpeflCTa- 
Burenb Ky6nHc<;oM kommcchh no npaaaw nenoaeKa, s 
CBMAeTenbCTByK), hto Kommcchh nbiTaeTcn ycraitOBHTb 
loueHa apecToeaHHbix m Mecro hx Haxo>tifleHMfi. 3to 
owCMb crojKHo: niOAH 6oRTCfl roBOpmb, nOTOMy hto ohm 
He 3HaK3T CBOMX HpaB, noTOMy MTo HeaosMOMHo HHKyAa 





npoMTH, BBeAeHbc cnequanbHbie nponycxa, nonbaoaaTb- 
cn TetiBttiDHOM - SecnonesHOs 

K MOMeHTy onygrnKoaaHHn arovi cTaTbM Mapceno 
Jlonec yme 6biJi apecTOBan 

Ero cxaaTunM 25 MapTa 2003 roaa Ha ynime Taea- 
Hu. 4 anpenn cocTO«ncn cyA naa hum m eme noTbio 
AMCCMAeHTaMH. BKnWHan ero CopaTHUKa no CCDHRN, 
H3BecTHoro npaaoaamnTHmia Mapceno Kawo PoflpMreca 
(Marcelo Cano Rodriguez). 

Mapceno flonec ocywAsn no ct.91 yronoBHOro ko- 
flexca M CT. 4.1 . 4.2a-b, 6 1,6 2a-b, 7.1 . 7.2, 7.3, 8.1 , 8.2. 
9.1. 9.2, 10 H 11 3aK0Ha 88 na 15 ner TiopbMbi. 

CornacHo npnroBopy, ero npeciynneHHeM flBfidex- 
en CBRSb C Me>KAyHapoAnoS AMHucTvieM m ApyrnMw mbiK' 
AynapOAHbiunnpaBoaaajtiTHbiwMopraHMaaMMflMii Hure- 
peaa-^a hm [opraHH3a^nflM] cBeaeHnti o ntoam. npiiroeo- 

peHHblX K CMepTHOii KaSHM ^^TO ASCT B03UC»KH0CTb 

HaiLMM npoTWBHMKaM ocyiKASTb Hamy CTpany nepefl Ko- 
MHCcnef^ no npaaaw venoeexa b >KeHeBe», TaioKe Map- 
ceno Jlonec 6bin o6BHHeM b KOHTaKrax «c poflCTBenHM- 
KawM npurOBopeHHwx k cmcptm c uenbio nepeaa^w hh- 
(JjopMauMH BbiLueynOMRHyrbiM MejUAynapoaHbtM opra- 
HkisaudflMN. CoAep»(MTcn b rKipbue ranaxaii npoaviHui^ii 
raaaha. 

42, Xoce MMrenb MapTMnec 
3pHaHAec (Jose Mtguel Martinez 
Hernandez), 39 jibt. Aictmbmct 
Movimiento 24 de Febrero tflBM- 
weHKFi 24 tpeapann), DpoeKTa 
BapejiaMBnaaeneumacTHoi^oO- 
meflOcrynHOM SuCnworeKn, ot- 
KpbiToti B ero aoMe, flocne ape- 
era a MspTe 2003 rOAa 6mji npH- 
roBopen K 13 roaaM ropbMb). 
HaxoAMTcn b TopbMe npoBMH- 
uyivi Kauaryati 

43, MapMO 3HpMKe Maiio 3p- 
HaH/tec (Mario Enrique Mayo 
Hernandez), 38 net, Ro npo0ec- 
CMM - aaBOKBT. KaK jttypManncT 
nySniiKOaancTaTbiiBCMM. bos- 
rnasnnn He3aBMCMMoe arenT- 
CTBO ((OejiMKc Bapena» a Kaua- 
ryae. 

8 H0fl6pe 2000 roaa b aom 
K wypHanHCTy Anfl Bpa3bficniiTenbH0M5eceabi»npMuien 
areHT roc6e3ori3CHciCTvi. yrpoiKaauititi euy HaNaaaHttew 
3a AnccHaeHTCKHe AeMcrsHPi, 

UapMo 3HpHKe MaPio Qbin apecToaaH 19 MapTa m 
npeaCTan repeA cyAOM B Kawaryae. B npnroBOpe no ero 
fieny roaopHTcn «MK0)KecTBe KOHTppeBonrouiioHHbix 
cTaTeii». HanHcaHHbix MapMo 3HpMKe Maiio na tcmu 
SApaaooxpaHeHMn, ycnosMi^ coAop^KaHMn saicniO'^eHHbix, 
cMTyauMM c ceMbflMvi nonHTnnecKMx aawiKmeNHbrx. Ero 

06BMHIinM S TOM, ^0 erO CTBTbH aaiOT OCMOaaHMB Afifl 

ocy>KAeHM(i Ky6bi e Komhccmm no npaaaM xenoBexa m. 
c/ieaoBaTenbHO, coaaatOT ycnoauB ann wryMaHHTapHoii 
nHTepBeHijHHff. 

MapMO SnpMxe MaAo 6bin npHroeopeH k 20 roASM 
TiopeMHoro saKmoMeHHB no cTaTbe 91 yronoBHoro xo- 
aeKca. B HacTORUiee apeMn HaxoAHTcn b iiopbue npo- 

BMHUMH OnbrMH. 







-ICAPTA' HP3S-39 100* 



^ BENTAEMbIN OCTPDB 



in 



44. Jlywc Mmrau OiepHaH/iec 

(Luis Mildn Fernandez). Bpa^no 
npoctJeccHM, H/ieH HerocyAap- 
cTBfiHHOti Colegio M4dico de 
Cuba (Ky6MHCKoi^ MeflMMktHCKoiii 
accouviaL^MM). 

B HOHe 2001 rofla /lyMC 
MMnaH lA ero )KeKa. laioKe Bpas 
no npo$eccMH, noflrHcann flo- 
KyMeHT noA ttaaaaHMeM 
vManifiesto 200U. rjpuswBaio- 
ujhi(4 K coQniOAeHHio ochobhmx 
ceo6onHaKy6e Buecie c apvriAHVi npodiecaiOHanbHU- 
MH MeAHK3MH OH npoBen oAHOAHesHyK) ronoAOBKy c 
Lienbio npHBJieHb BHviMaHMe k npoCneuaM ubai^uvihcko- 
ro o6cjiy>KHBaHMfl 3aKnK)4eHHb)x. Jlymc Mvinan npHfOBO- 
pen K 13 fOASu Topbubi. 




j^ *5. He/ibCOH MojiMHe 3cniiH0 

^^|H^^ (Nelson Moling Espiro), 38 nej. 

^^K^^^l npesHASHT Herocy/iapCTBeHHOM 

^HL^I^K Conf^(^erac/(V) de Trabajadores 

^B^f^^B Democriticos de Cuba (KoH0e- 

^^^^^^» AepaiAMH fleMOKpaxH'iecKHx pa- 

^BHjj^T 6oMii)( Ky6bi). HeoAHOKpaiHO 

^^^^^V w» noABBprancfl npecneAoeaHMOM 

— — CO CTopoHw BJiacreii. 

20 MapTa 2003 roAa ao** HenbCOHa Uon^Hbi Gbin 
noABepmyr oSbiCKy.a oh caM6bir apecroeaH. B o6bmhm- 
TenbHOMaKTeyKasbJBanocb, iiToxaeroaoMeoSHapytKe- 
HOMHoronttTepaiypbinOApbiBHOroxapaKTepan.TaKweB 
BKHy He/ibCOHy MonHHe cxaeM/iocb to, ^to «qh nonyMa- 
eT ASHbrH 3a ero noapbiBHyio flSHTenhHOCTb, nOTOpbie 
nosBO/iniOT eMy eec™ y;]o6HyK) xM3Hb». 

He/ibCDH MojiHHe GbiJi ocy>KAeH Ha 20 ner TiopbMbi 
no CT. 91 VK. B HacToniiiee Bpeun oh naxoA^Tcn b 
Tiopbue npoBMHMMM riMHap-Ae/ib-PHO, aanexo ot aomb. 
HTO Ae/iaer cnoMHWM nocemeHne ero »(enoM n nerbipex- 
neTHeki ao'^sp^ki. Oh crpaAaer TnwenOM 0opMOH mno- 

TOHHU. 

46. Xecyc MMre/ib MycTa4>a 
9enHne (Jesus Miguel Mustafa 
Felipe), 58neT. HneH Movimiento 
CiistianoLiberacidnlMCLU'I'^iA- 
CTMaHCKoro ocB06oAHTenbHOro 
ABWKeHMB).Aif™BMCTc6opanoA- 
HHceH no npoeioy Bapena b cbo- 
eM poAHOM ropoAe nanbua-Co- 
pbnHO(npoBhiHU^nCaHTbnro-Ae- 
Ky6a). 

Xecyc Mycracfa 6bin apecroaaH 17 aeKa6pn 2002 
rcAa BMBCTe co cbomm ApyrOM PoSepTOu MonreApo 
TaMaSo (Robert Montero Tamayo) nocne BHSMTa b 
OTAeneHHB non^uywi, rae ohm nbTa/mcb BbiHCHtirb npM- 
HHMbi apecra hx copaiHHKa no MCL PaMena BunaAJKepa 
CTeaeHca(Ramuel Vinajera Stevens), CnycTn necnonb- 
KO aHw MX ocHoQoA^nM, HO 19 c]36epajin 2003 roAS 
cocTORJicn cyA, npi^roBop^BUj^ii mx k 1 8 uecanau Tiopb- 
Mbi 3a HHenoBMHOBeHMe^ h «conpoTiiBneHkie». 

HaxoA^iUi^^cfi b BaKnKmeHt^ti Xecyc Mycrai^a Sun 
BTopHMHO cyflMM B Ha'^ane anpenn 2003 toab v\ npxiroBo- 
peH K 25 roABM TiopbMbi. 06BMHeHMeTpe5oBanono)i(vi3- 
HBHHoro jax/iio^eHMfl. B HacTOflmmi momsht coflepwuT- 
cn BTiopbue KoM6iiHaAa-Aenb-3cTe npOBMHunti raBana. 





47. Anxen XyaH Moiiia AKocra 

(Angel Juan Moya AcosO), 38 
jier. npesMAeHT Movtmiento 
Opcidn Alternaliv (flenweHiin 

eAnbTepHBTtlBHbl^ Bbl6opi>) B 

npoBhiHui^^ MaraHcac i^ ^neH 
Cons ejo Na cionel de Resistencia 
Civica (HauHonanbHoro Coaera 
rpa)KAaHc:Koro ConporviBneHhin) Aktmbmct ABtiweKtiFi 
«Todos Unidos». AHxen Mo(ia HeoAHOKpaTHo apecTOBu- 
Bancn paHee. npusnaH MeiKAyHapoA^oMAuHMCT^e^ kbk 
ySHin; coaecTH. BflexaSpe 2000 rofla oh Cwn npHroBopen 
K oflHOMy roay AOwaiuHero apecra sa «HenoHTnTenb- 

HOCTb». 

ApecTOBaHHuii b Mapre 2003 roAa. AHxen MoAa 
6bm npHroBopeH FaBaHCKkiM TpHgyHanou k 20 rooaM 
TiopbMbi no CT. 91 VronOBHoro xoABKCa. 

848. 9«nMKC Haaappo PonpMrec (F^llx 
Navarro Rodriguez), 49 neT. Mnen 
Partido Solidaridad Democr^tica 
(flapTMM AeMOKpariiNecKOti conHAapHO- 
cth) b npoBMHUHM MaTaHcac. xcypna- 
nMCT. BblBUlMH A^P6KT0p lilKOnbl B CBO- 
eu poA^OM ropoAe HepiiKo, yeonenHbi^ 
nocne apecra b cbf)3m c yMacTMeu b 
A^cckiAeHTCKiixaKUMflXB2001 roAy.Ax- 
TMBHCT HpoeKTa Bapena m nTodos Unidos». 

ApecTOBbiBancH BAexaSpe 1992 roaa (3a pacicneA- 
KynnaKaTOBcnp^3biBaMMKAeM0KpaTMVi),BHon6pe 1996 
(3apacnpoCTpaHeHHeBiiJKone3MMrpaHTCKO^ raserbi «EI 
NuevoHeraldn), b Hon6pe 1999r, ia ceHTnSpe 2001 r, (3a 
yMacTMe b noMMHOBeHMH nc/iviTvmecKkix saimioMeHHbix, 
yuepiUHx B Ttopbue), b ctieapane 2002 rOAa (33 cCop 
noAnMcew a noAnepxtxy DpoexTa Bapena ). Bo apeMn 
nocneAHero apecTa roc6e3onacHocTb KOHctivicKOBana ace 
coQpaHHbie HM noAnncHbie nucTbi. 

(DenMKC Haaappo Own apecTOBan a Mapre 2003 
roAa B npnroBope yKasbisanocb, mto « cpeAH KHHr i^ 
AOxyMeHTOB, KOH0MCKoeaHHbix b ero aomb, naxoAMrikicb 
arpeccbiBHO Bpaxviednbie m pasnaraioiiii^e pyxon^iCKbie m 
ne^aTHbie MaTepManun. 

(PejiviKcHaeappo 6bin np^roeopeH « 25 roAau Tiopb- 
Mhi no CT. 4 1,4 2a-b, 61,63b, 71,73«82 Gattona 88 
CoAepjKtiTcn B TiopbMe npoBviHunki rysHTaHaMO. 

49. Xopxe OriMBeMpa Kacm- 

nbo (Jorge Olivera Castillo), 41 
rOA. BbiBuiHti peAaxrop reneBH- 
AeHun. n^peKTop HeiaBiiciiMO- 
ro areHTCTBa nenart^ raaaHbi 
MaTeptianbi, noAroToaneHHwe 
areHTCTBOM, ny6nMX0Banbicb a 
SMMfpaHTCKOM HSASHHti Nuevs 
Prensa Cubana h a UnTepMeTe. 
Xopxe OnMBeflpa nocTOflHwo nofleepranca npecne- 
AosaHMflM anacTeii 33 CBOioAenTenbHOCTb. B ceHrngpe 
1997 roAa oh 6bm apecT0B3H 3a ocBemenMe b SMurpaH- 
TCKMX CMl^ cyAa hsa amcchabhtom MapnuoH Jlyro <I>ep- 
H3HAec (Maritza Lugo Fernandez). B csoeM BuCTynne- 
HMH no TeneBMA^HMio 33 HeAenio ao M6epo-3Mepi4K3HC- 
Koro caMMMTa b PaeaHe diHAenb Kacrpo naaaan Xopxe 
OnMBe^py a 4Mcne «onacMbix KOHTppeBonKmnoHepOB». 




www kana offl 



108 



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XPACKDE KDilECO 





Xopxe OrtHse^pa 6biri ocyxijxeH Ha 18 ncT TiopbMbi 
no CT, 4,1, 4.2b, 6.1, 6.3b. 7.1, 7.3. m 11 SaKona 68. 
Haxo^lMTCfl B TK)pbMe npoBMKUMM fyaHTaHauo. 

SO. na6no naieKo ABMna 

(Pablo Pacheco Avila), 31 rcw. 
He3aBMCMMt4Ji jitypHajiMCT. Heo- 
AHOKpaTho apecTOBbieancfl no- 
rwnMeii sa BiweocbeMKn aeA- 
CTBHB npoTHe AMCCMfleHTOB. Oh 
6bin ocy»(fleH no craTbuw 6.1. 
6.3b. 7 1 , 7,3 M 1 1 SaKOHa 88 Ha 
20 nej TiopbMbi. B HacTonmitH 

MOMCHT Haxoa^TCn B TKDpbUe HpOBilHUMM MaTBHCaC. 

Crpaaaer TJiwenoti (J)opMOM mnepTOHMM. 

Si. 3KTop rianacHO PyMC 

(H6ctor Palacios Ruiz), 61 roA. 
^MpeKTop uerocyAapcTB«MHoro 
Centra de E studios Sociales 
(UeKTpa couHaribHbix v\ccnem- 

BaHMM). CeKpSTapb KOMHTCTa B 

KDannL4HH (iTodos Unidos». 

3ktop [lanacHC - oahh ias MSBecTHeHiiiiix Ky6nHC- 
Ki^x a\^cc\Af\BHJOB. Ou HeoflHOKpaTNO apecTOBbiBancfl 
nonnm4eMnroc5e3onacHOCTbio. BasrycTe 1994roAaoH 
apecTOBbisaeTCfl sa y^acTirte b CToriKHoaeHbinx uexcAy 
yuacTHiiKaMM MtipHoi^ ahTi^npaBMTe/ibCTBet^HOM a^moh- 
CTpaL4i4M v\ noriMLjMeii. 

B nHBape 1997 rofla, Byay^ii npesHfleHTOM Partido 
Solidaridad Democratico /PSDJfDapTMM fleMOKpaTWjec- 
KOM conHAapHOCTK), OH 6bj;i apecToaaH m npMroBopen k 
18 wecHuaM TKipbMbi 33 «HenOHTMTe;5bHocrb» noc/ie 
nHTepBbio, flawHOro HeMeqKOMy TeneBMAeHmo, a koto- 
poM OH KpMTMKOsan AeHCTe^H npasiiTenbCTBa. 

3iaop nanacHo 6hin apecTOBan 20 wapia 2003 
rofla M npHroBopBH k 25 roAaM TiopbMbi na ocHoeaHviM ct 
91 yronoBHoroKoneKcaiicT. 4.1.4.2a-b, 6.1,6.2a-b.7.1. 
7.2,7.3,8.1.8.2, 9.1. 9.2, 10 m 11 3aK0Ha 89. 

B^McnenpoMMXo6BiiHeHMi;i,npeAi>nBJieKHbix3iao- 
py HanacMo, 6bino to, mto aa ero aomb HaxoAMnacb 
oSLiieAOCTTynHan ^acTHan QdGnvioTeKa . . . c KH^raMki noA- 
pbiBHoro M KOHTppeaontouMOHHoro coAep}KaH^nM. 

Oktop rianacHO b HacroniuHii MoueHT HaxoA^TCR b 
TiopbMe npoBUHUMn riHHap-flenb Pho. Ero jKene fMsene 
XlenbraAO Ca6noH (Gisela Delgado Sablon) 6bi;io OTKa- 
aano s CBMi\aniMn c My)KeM s wae 2003 roAa. Em yrpoxiatoT 
TKipeuHbiM aaicniOHeHMeM, ecnn ona GyAST npuHMuarb 
y^acTMB B o6LuecTBeHHbix axuMnx b samuiy uyiKa. 

92.ApTypo Hepec ab A/iexo 
PoAPwrec (Arturo Perez de Alejo 
Rodriguez). npesMfleHT opraHM- 
3ai4nn F rente Escambray 
Derechos Humanos (*poht npae 
MenoBeKa3cKaM6paB).AKTiiBMCT 
Dpoeirra Bape/ia. B HHsape 2003 
foaa OH fiwn apecTOBBH aa pac- 
npocTpaHBHHB flBKnapauHH 
OOH no npaoaw lenoeeKa. 
Aprypo riepec as Anexo 
5w/i apecTOsaH 18 Mapra 2003 rofla On 6bin npHsnan 
BMHOBHUM u npMrosopeH k 20 roAau riopbubi Co/iep- 
MMTcn B TiopbMe npoBUHUHH riMHap-Aenb-PMO. 






53. OMap riepHe SpnaHAec (Omar 
Pernet Hernandez), 57 neT. Jlnaep 
Movimianto Nacional por los Derechos 
Humanos "Mario Manuel de la PeiSaa 
iHauMOHanbHoro ABiDKeHMR sa npaaa 
"^enoseKa v«*e»'fi Map^o MaHyann Aena 
neMon). Aktmbmwm npaBoaaiuMTHnn, 
OcyxABH Ha 25 neT aa anoApwBHbie 
fleifCTBMn nyreM pacnpocrpaHeHnfl CBeAenmii o flKo6bi 
Mue>OLi)MxCH HapymeHMHx npae He/iOBeKa na KyOe, 3tm 
cBCAeHKn nepeaaBanMCb mm KOHTppsBoniouMOKHbiM pa- 
awocTaHL4MflM ha TeppnTopHM CLilA, TaKMM. Kai; Radio 
iviarti. Radio Mambi iMa Poderosa . npMSbiaaioiiiiiM aue- 
pMKahCKoe npasMTenbcreo k ycMneHiiio arpeccMBHo^ no- 
riHTMKM B OTHOlueHMM HaiiieM CTpaHblH. HaxOAMTcn B 
Tiopbue npoBMHijHM raaaHa. 

54 OpacMO XyriMO ritiHa Bop- 
pero (Horacio Julio Piria 
Borrego), 36 nsT. 

Akthbmct npoeKTa Bapena. 
PaHee apecTOBbieancn e uae 

2001 roAa. 

ApecTOBan 19 MapTa 2003 
rofla M ocyjKfleH na 20 ner nopb- 
Mbi no craTbflM 4.1. 4 2a-b. 6 1, 
6.3a-b, 7-1,7,3 M 11 SaxoHaBS. 

S5. OaStio ripMero JlbopeHTe 

(Fabio Prieto Llorente), >KypHa- 
J1MCT. pa6oTaeT flnn Agenda de 
Prensa Independiente de Isia de 
Pinos (HeaaBucMMoro arenTCTea 
ne^aTM ocTpoaa FImhoc). 

fpaewo npMeTo flbopeHTe 
3aHMMaeTCH Hesaa^CMMOM >Kyp- 
HariMCTMKOM c Hon6pn 1 999 roaa 

Oh HeoflHOKpaiHO nonynan npeaynpejKAeHun m yrposw 

OT nonMLiHM M roc6e3onacHOCTM c Tpe6oBaHMflMM npe- 

upaTHTb AMCCHfleHTCKyK) flearenbHOCTb. 

ApecTQBaH 18 wapTa 2003 rofla m ocyiKfleH na 20 

ner TiopbMb). 

56. Anb4>peAO MaHya/ib Hynviao flo- 

n«c (Alfredo Manuel Pulido Ldpez). 42 
roAa. )KMBeT b KaMaryae. >KypHanncT. 
PaSoTanann HesaBWCMMoro areHicTaa 
El Mayor e KawaryDe. Aktvibhct FlpoeK- 
Ta Bapena. 

Anb0peAO riynnAO Swn apecTO- 
Ban 18 MapTa 2003 roaa. 0" npMroBOpen k 14 rofiaM 
TiopbMbi no cTBTbe 91 yronoBHoro KOAenca. 



57. Xoce ra6pM9ribPaMOH Ka- 
cTMnnbo (Jose Gabriel Ram6n 
Castillo), rio npotJieccMvi - yMM- 
Tenb. flupeKTop werocyAap- 
CTBeHHoro Inslitulo Indepen- 
diente Cultura y Democracia {Hh- 
CTHTyTa neaaaviCMMOM Kynbrypbi 
H AeMonpaTMM), ocHosaHHoro a 
CaHTbnro-ae-Ky6a. KaK HesasM- 






■KAPTA' N>M-39 2004 



^ BEHTAEMbti DCTPDB 



IBS 




CMMbiki jicypManMCT onygnHKoean MHoro MHctjopMauMOH- 
Hbix saMBTOK H crareM Ha pasjiHHHbix BeB-caiiTax, tskhx 
KaK CubaNet. 

HeoflMOKpaTHo nofleepranCH npecneflOBaMnio era- 
CTHMM c cauoro Hanana ero Aticcki/ieHTCKOM AenrenbHO- 

CTH. 

Xoce ra6pM3nb PawOM apecroeaM 19 Mapra 2003 
rojia M npHroBopeH k 20 roflaw itoptMbi. HaxoflMTcs b 
TKDpbue npoBMHLiiiM CaHTa-Kjiapa. 

58. ApHanbflo PaMoc flaaepti- 

Ke {Amaldo Ramos Lauzerlque) , 
60 ner. 

)KMBeT 3 TaaaHe. MneH 
Instituto Cubano Economislas 
Independientes (KyGnHCKoro hh- 
cTbiTyra HeaaeMCtiMwx aKOHouki- 

CTOB). 

Oh Ob\n specToeaH b hmc/ib flpyrHx flMccufleHTOB b 
MapTe 2003 roaa m ocyjuiieH no crarbe 91 yronosHoro 
KOAexca na 16 nsT iiopbubi. CoaepMvncn a Tiopbue 
npoBHHMHH OnbrMH. 



59. Bnac THpanflo Petiec Pon- 
pHrec (Bias Giraldo Reyes 
Rodriguez), 46 net, 

Akthbmct ripoexTa Bapena 
M flMpeKTop »<acT>HQM o6mefloc- 
Tynnoii 6M6nMOTeKii, pacnono- 
>KeHHOM aeroAOMe 

ApecTOBBH B MapTe 2003 
roaa H npuroBopeH k 25 ro;iaM 

TIOpbMbl. HaXOflHTCn B OAHOMH3 

TiopeM npoBMHUMH MaraHcac. 



60. Paynb Pwaepo KacTaHCfla 

(Raul Rivero Caslafieda), 57- 
neTHWM no3T ia wtypHanwcT Oc- 
HOBaTenb vi flHpexrop HesaeMCH- 
Moro aretiTCTBa Cuba Press. 

PaHee MHOrOKpaTHO noa- 
BeprancnapecraMsaflHccvifleH- 
TCKytOAenre/ibHOCTbianHBapeiii ttjespane 1996 ro^a 33 
4neHCTB0 areHTcraa Cuba Press b Concilio Cubano; b 
MHjne 1997 roaa sa ny6ji«Kaunio CTaibH o fluccHfleHTe 
Bjiafluuepo POKa, snOBb apecTOsaH b aarycre 1997 
Doc/ie BCTynneHMfl b CHny SaKona 88 b Mapre 1 999 roaa 
OH 6bin BbiaaaH b OTaeneMMe rocSeaonaCHocTHfljiR rpex- 
^acOBoro Aonpoca, bo apewn xoropons ero npeaynpeAn- 
nw. ^TO OH 6yaeT oahHM m nepBux. k KOMy stot aaxoK 
6yaeT npdueHeH. ec/iH oh He npexpaniT caoKi )KypHanki- 
CTCKyo paSoTy. 

Paynb Phbcpo Bwn apecrosan 1 8 Mapra 2003 roaa 
Ero cfmniA A anpenn 2003 roaa b oahom npouecce c 
wypnantiCTOM pHsapflo CeBepuHo roHca/iecoM (Ricaido 
Sevehno Gonzalez). Ero o6BHHnnM no crarbe 91 VK e 
«0cyLitecTBneHMiinoapbiBHbixaeMCTBi4ii,HanpaeneHHbix 
npoTHB HesaBucMMoc™ M TeppMTopnanbKOw uenocTHOc- 
TH Ky6w» TaioKS e oSanHHTenbHOM aure yxaabiBanocb. 
4TD OH pacnpocTpanan ftsaseaowo nojKHyio HHCt>opMa- 
Utiio BHHTepecax ero cnoncopOB a npaa^TenbCTae CLUA» 
M coTpyaHML^an c areHTcraoM OpaHC dpecc it ueiKayHa- 
poflHOH opraHdaauMeii wPenopTepti 5e3 rpaHMu*. 





Payfib pMBepo KacraHe/ja 6bin npMSHaH skiHOBMbiw 
M npMFOBOpeH K 20 roaaM Tfopbubi. CoaepMMTcn b riopb- 
Me npOBMHUHH Cbero-ae-ABMJia. 

61. A/iCKCMC PoapMrec <I>ep- 
HaHflec (Alexis Rodriguez 
Fernandez), 33 roaa. 

^^eH Movimienio Cristiano 
Liberacidn (XpMCTMaMCKOro oc- 
Bo6oaMTeJibHoro aaMxteHMn). 
Aktmbmct no c6opy noannceii b 
nOAaepMtny npoeura Bapena. 

HeoaHOKpaTHO apecroBw- 
Bancf) anacTRMM. 

AnencMC PoapMrec 6bin 
apecTosaH a Mapre 2003 roaa h npnroBOpeH k 15roaaM 
TiopbMbi. B HacTo»Li(ee apeun HaxoaHTcn b TiopbMe 
npoBMHLiuM MaraHcac 




^^^^ 62. 0M8p PonpHrec Canyaec 

^^^^k (Omar Rodriguez Saludes), 37 

1b*f J!^H /^kipeKTop HesaBkickiMoro 

areHTCTBaHOBocTs^.tJjoTorpaiJi- 
HeoaHOKpaTHo apecTOBbiBancn 
B 1998.1999 H 200C roflax 3a 
ancctiaeHTCKyioflenTe/ibHOcTb. 
1 7 H0fl6pn 2002 roaa oh 6bin 
3aaep)K3H ann MHoro<^acoBoro aonpoca nocne ecrpeuH 
c iicnaHCKHMH aHnnouaTauM. Bo apeufl aonpoca co- 
TpyaHHKn roceeaonacHOCTH o6BiiHflnn OMapa Poapiire- 
ca B HeaaKOHHOM h KOHTppeBoniOLtMOHHOH aenTenbHOC- 

TH. 

B2002rOflyBCTaibe,ony5nimoaaHHOMa New York 
Times, OH nwcan: «Mbi awaeM: to, 4to mw aenacM, - 
onacHO... Aa>Ke y ce6fl aoMa - Mbi noayrposoH. FlpaBH- 
TenbCTBOcneaMTsaHaMkt. OHoaHaeTDHac 6onbtue, hem 

Mbl CaMMft. 

«l'l3'3a orpsHkmeHHii caoSoaM Ha Ky6e, - nktcan 
OMap Poapwrec, - a HHKoraa we Bnaen caiiTOB. Ha 
KOTOpbix SbijiM 5bi pasMeineHw MOH (t)OTorpa0Mn . Mho- 
rwe cpOTorpatpiiHCyinecTayioT Tonbxo b HeraTMsax. .. f\ - 
cnenoM (l)OT0rpa(ti» . 

CpeaMo5BMHeHiiM.BbiflBiiHyTbixnpOTnaOMapaPoa- 
pureca, - tfoTorpattupOBaMwe MecT. «aaiomnx ncKa- 
weHHoe M3o6pa)«eHne KySiiHCKOii aeMCTBMTenbHOCTvi vi 

pa3MeL14eHl4eklXBMH0CTp3HHOii,rnaBHblMOGpa30M,K0H- 

TppeeoniouHOHHOM npecce». 

OMap Poflpnrec5bm ocywaew no cr. 91 VronoBHoro 
KoaeKca H3 27 nei Tiopeunoro aaxno'^eHiifi. Oh aaxnio- 
HBn B T>opbMy nKbino 8" B npoBi4HL|i4ii KsMaryai* 

63. Mapra BeaTpHc POKe Ka- 
6enjio (Marta Beatriz Rogue 
Cabello), 57neT. 

3KOHOWHCT. BosmaanHei 
Instituto Cubano Economislas 
Independientes (KyBMHCKMii »h- 
CTMTyr HcaaencuMbix skohommc- 
tob). Oha Taxwe aoariraBJiBer 
Asamblea para promover la 
sociedad civil (AccaMSneio no 
paaBHTMio rpa)Ka3HCKoro oGiue- 
cTBa), «30HTHMHyio>i opraHH3a- 

UMio arm anccMfleHTCxHx rpynn, coaaaHHyw b 0KTc6pe 

2002 roaa 




wwwiuniarg 



Ill 



i 



RPACHOE KDAECB 



MapTa BearpMC Pone panee oT6t.iBana rpii c nono- 
BHHOvi rofla TKipewHoro aaiuifOHeHHH nocne apecra 16 
Hionfl 1997 rofla Bwecre c TpeMw apyrMMH "^jieHaMM 
Cnjpode Trabajo de la Disidencia Interna para el Anilisis 
de la situacidn Socio-Econdmica Cubana fPa604efi rpyn- 
nw BH/TpeHHHx flMCCHfleHTOB no aHa/in3y Ky6nHCK0M 
coi4M3nbHO-3KOHOMH><eCKOii cMTyaM^M). Bee ohh 6binM 
oSBMHenbi B «flekiCTBMnx npOTMB HauHOnanbHOki 6e30- 
nacHOCTn» (CT. 125(c) VK KySw) m anoflCTpeKaTeribCTBe k 
Mt)Te>Ky» (CT. 1 00(c) VK Ky6bi) ApecT nocnefloaa/i bcko- 
pe nocne npecc-KOH0epeHUMn, ycTpoeHHOii AnccHflCH- 
TawH flrn MHOCipaHHbix wypHanncToe. us Koropoii 6binM 
onpOBepfHyTbi oct)Mm*anbHbie AOKyMewrbi u pacnpocr- 
paHeH coOcTBeHHbiH KpHTvmecKHM BHanm, HaseaKHbiki 
<tLa Pallia es de Todos' («PoAk^Ha flnn Bcexn). 20 Man 
2000 roAa UapTa BeaTpvic Poice rioa AaBjieHneu Me>KAy- 
KapoAHOkt o6LiiecTBeHHOCT^ 6 bin a ocBo6o)KAeHa 

MapTa BeaTpMc PoKe nosTopHo apecroBaKa 20 
MapTa 2003 rofla 

CpeA»i npea^nsneKHbix e^ o6&<A»enm *p,eKTBua. 
paccMMTaHhue Ha HMcnpoeepxeHHe cymecTByHSujero 
cTpofl Ky6iiHCKoro rocyflapCTaa, npOBOUHpoaaHne ero 
AecTad^nMaaL^MM v\ yrpaTbi HeaaBvicHuocTM, nony^eHMe 
OT npaBMTenbCTBa CLUA cp^HahcoBOH noaAep)*<K»i O^n 
ocymecTBneHMH sthx ueneit . CosflaHMe ua ceeepoawe- 
pHKaHCKOM cepeepe aeC-catiTa caMoseaHKoro tlHcmTy- 
Ta HesBBMc^Mbix 3K0HDu^cT0B, Ha KOTopoM pasMeuta- 
HMCb nponaraHAVicTCKbie uaTep^anbi, viCKawa ionise pe- 
anbHyio aKOHOMM^ecKyio AeiicTBMTenbH0CTb...» 

Mapxa BeaTpMC PoKe ocyxcAena Ha 20 neT Tiopbuu 
(o6ai4HeHMe Tpe6oBano noMfMsneHHoro saimioieHMf)) B 
HaCTOniUMM MOMeHT C0Aep>K)1TCd fi TtopbMe MaHTo-He- 

rpo, B npoBHHLiviH raeaHa. 

64. OMap MoHcec PyHC 3pHaH- 
flec (Omar Moists Ruiz 
Hernandez), 56 neT. HesaaHcu- 
Mbiii jKypnanMCT. ApecTosbiaar- 
cnsnHBape »i wapTe1996 roAa. 
Bbi3biBancn na AOnpoc b OTflen 
roc5e3onaCHOCTH b OKTnSpe 
1997 rofla. 

nocne apecra aecHoii 2003 
roAa npuroBopeH Kl8roA3MTK>pbMbi nocT.91 VKKyfiu. 

CoAepXCMTC!) B TiopbMe npOBMHqMM TyaHTaHaMo. 

65.Knapo CaH^ec Am>TappM6a 

(Claro Sanchez ANamba), 49 ner. 
Mjibh Movimienlo da Jdvenes 
Cubanos porta Democracia (flaM- 
weHtiFi KyOHHCKoii MonoAeiKH 3a 
ACMOKpaT^K)) B CaHTbRro-Ae- 
Ky6a, 

K/iapo CaHHec 6t>in apecro- 
BaH 19 MapTa 2003 roAa npMro- 
BOpeH K 1 5 foaaM TKDpbMbi nocT, 4. 1 , 6. 1 M 7. 1 3aK0Ha 88 
HaxoAKTcn b ricpbMe «KMno 8». KaMaryaA. 

66h67. ApHejibMrBMfloCMrnepAMaiia (Ariel y Guide 
Sigler Amaya), 39 neT. BpaTbn CHrnep - i<neHbi 
Movimienlo Opcidn Attemativa {l\BiAi¥.e»v\a sa anbiepHa- 
THBHbiii BbiCop) B npoBMHuviM MaTaHcac. Bparbfi Ctimep 
6binki npH3HaHbi yaHMKaMM coeecTK nocne ^x apecra b 







acKaS- 
pe1999 
roAa 3a 
/^acTne 
B Mbip- 
HOM Ae- 

MOHCT- 
paMHM B 

HecTb 51 -t^ roAOBLM^Hbi Bceo6- 
ujeii ^sKnapaM'^^ npae MenoBe- 
K3. OHbi 6bi;iH 0CBo6oH(AeHb[ ^epes nonroAa. B AeKa6pe 
6paTbfl GbinM BHOBb apecroeaHbi, Buecre c OcKapou 
GnnacoM BucceTOM m 14 ApyrMMM A^^ccMAeHTaMM, 33 
opraHU3auMK) BCTpe>^H a^^ccviashtob b raaane. 

1 8 MapTa 2003 rOAa ApMenb vi Tbviao CHrnep 6bi/iM 
apecTOBaHbiHnpMroBopcHbiKaxAbMK20roAaMTiopbMbi 
no SanOHy 88 

68. PMKapAo CMJibBa Tyan 

(Ricardo Silva Gual). Flo npocjiec- 
CMM - BpaH. Mnen Movimiento 
Cristiano Liberacidn (XpMCTwaHC- 
Koro oCB06oAMTenbHDro RBvnKe- 

DoCTOnHHO npecneAOBancfl enacTnMH sa A>^ccki- 
aeHTOyio AefrrenbHOCTb. 

P^KapAO CunbBa 6bin apecrosaH 18 MapTa 2003 m 

npuroBopeH k saxntoMeHMia Ha10 neT no CTarbOM 4 1m 

6 1 33KOK<a 88. Oh b HacTOnuiee epeMn HaxoAHTcn b 

TiopbMe npoBMHL4MH ryaHTanaMo. 

^ 69. cpMAejib Cyapec Kpyc (Fidel 
Su^rez Cruz), 33 roAa. <l>epMep. 
uneH Parlido Pro Derechos 
Huruanos en Cuba (Ky6MHCK0M 
npaB03auji4THoii napxHH) b Dm- 
Hap-flerb-Pno. HiipeKTop mbct- 
HOM 6w6nMOTeKM <(San Pablou. 

B 2000 rofly oh 6bin npnro- 

Bopen KujecTH MecnuaM aorpa- 

HttHBHHfi cBo6oAbi» 33 HapyiueH^e saKona o puSonoe- 

CTse, OAHSKO e AeKaSpe npkiroBop tisMSHeH Ha TiopeM- 

Hoe 33KnK)<HeHiie 3a AMCCHAeHTCKyio AeiiTenbHocTb. 

OviAenb Cyapec 5bin apecTosan 18 uapra 2003 
roAa unpuroBOpeh k 20 roAaw TtopbMbi no CTarbHW 4.1 , 
4.2a-b. 6.1,6.3a-b. 7.1,7.3h 11 3ak0Ha88. HaxoflMTCd 
a T»opbMe npoBHHUMM MaTaHcac. 

70. MaHV3nb VSanc roHcanec 

(Manuel Ubals Gonzalez), 34 
roAS. ripeaiifleHT Consejo por la 
Libetiadde Cuba (CoeeTa 3a cbo- 
6oAy Ky6bi). 

B 1994 roAy 6Mn npkiroao- 
pen K TpeM roAaM McnpasMTenb- 
Hbtx pa6oT 33 «He3aK0HHbiki bw- 
xofl c HaqnoHanbHOM TeppviTo- 

PMMH. 

Mawyanb y6anc 5bin apec- 
TOBBH 20 MapTa 2003 rofla h cyAHM BMecTe c XyanoM 
KapnocoM 3ppepa. HecMOTpn na to hto npeAbHBnen- 
Hoe MM o6BHHeHne b C8fl3nx c TeppopMCTii'^ecKoii SMwr- 
pBHTCKOki opraHHsauHeA «Comandos F-4» hc 6bino nOA- 





-KAPTI^' r« 36-39 2001 



^ DbimEMbli OCTPII 



in 




Kpen/ieHO 4>aKTaMM m AOKaaaTenbCTsaMM, Uanyanb 
y6anc 6bin npMroBopeH k 20 ronau TtopbMbi no SaKOHy 
88. B HacTOflUtviM mombht HaxoAHTcn b Tiopbue npoBMH- 
miki MaraHcac. 

71. XyjiMO Ahtohmo Banbjiec 
ToBapa (Julio Antonio Valdes 
Guevara), 52rofla. 

flMpenTop nacTHoiS o6iLie- 
AOCTyHMOii 5n6nM0TeKM, nptiHafl- 
neNcauteH rpynne Unidn de 
Activistas y Opositores «Golfo de 
Cuacaneyabos (Coios aKTHSHC- 
TOB n onno3HuH0HepoB usan^B 
ryanaHaflSoM) b MaHsaHwnno, 
npoBMHUMH rpBHwa. 

Bbin apecT0B3H 1 9 uapra 2003 rooa m nptiroBopeH 
k20 roAau TioptMu. 

Xy/iHO Ahtohmo Barbflec crpaaaeT rvinepTOHnef^. 
GorresHbK) no^eK m CHfibHwu ronoBOKpyNceHHeu Do Mue- 
tomeiicfl ^HC^opMamiM. oh He nonynaeT ueaMuviHCwA 
noMOLMM. 

72. MMrenb Bajiwiec TaMaHO 

(Miguel Valdfes Tamayo). 46 rex, 
BMue-npesHneHT rpynnw 
nHe/Tuanos Fratemales por la 
Dignidad' («Bp3tctbo aamHTbi 
flocTOMHCTBa»). Ho npot|)eccmi 
- Te;ieBii3M0HHbiii Macrep. 

Mkirenb Banb^ec panee 
apecTOBbiBa/icn 23 OKTnGpn 
2002 rofla a rasaHe, KOraa oh vi apyrvie nnenbi ero 
opraHkoaunii, no coo6iueHHnM, nuranMCb aaxccHb caenH 
B U,enjpanbHotJtnapitB. (23 OKmfiSpffI 962 s.npe3udenm 
CUJA /Jmoh KeHHedu nodnucan npuKaa o eeedenuu pe- 
muMa KapanmuHa eoKpys KySbi. - Hpuu. nep.) 

OHGbinapecTOBaH 19MapTa2D03 roAa^npHroao- 
pen no ct.91 yronoBHoro koabkcb k 15 roAau TiopbMbi. 
B HacTOflutee speMH cOAepxMTCn a TiopbMe «KHno 8n 
uyHMUbinajiMTeTa KaMarysii. Do tiueKimeirtCR MH[t)opMa- 





I4HH, Mnrent) BanbAec CTpaAser ot wHomx GonesHeM, e 
TOM Hkic/ie OT nasbi jicenyAKa, mnepxoHMM m 6one3Hki 
cepflua- 

73. Sktop Paynb Banne 3pHaH- 
flee (Heclor Raul Valle 
Hernandez), 35 jiex. Bnqe-npe- 
SHABHT Confederacion de 
TrabajadorBS Democr^ticos de 
Cuba {KOH0eAepaL|Mki A^MOKpa- 
Tii'^ecKHx pa6oHHx Kv6bi) m aicTH- 
BHCT Partido Pro-Derechos 

Humanos (flpaaosaiAkiTHOM napTMM). 

PaHee 6bi/i iaaepMan 16 HonOpn 2002 rooa vt aoc- 
Tas/ieH B OTAeneHMe nonMijkiM ann qonpoca, bo speM? 
KOToporo OT Hero noTpe6oBann npeKpaTMTb aHTvinpaBM- 
TenbCTBeHHyK) Ae^TenbHOCTb. 

ApecToaaH b MapTe 2003 roAa, np^roBopeH k 12 
rOAaM TKipbMbi no ct.91 VronoBHoro KOAexca. 

74. Manyanb BacKec flopTa/i 

(Manuel Vazquez Portal). 51 rOA. 
HeaaBMCHMbiH >KypHajiMCT vi noar 
Ero cTdTbM pasMeiueHbi na 
CubaNet m apyrvix caiiTax. Pa- 
xee apecTOBbiBancFi b Hon6pe 
1999 rofla. 

Oh 6bi/i apecTosaH 1 9 wap- 

13 2003 rOAS v\ npHroBopeH k 18 

roflaw TwpbMW nocTaTb(iM4 1, 4,2b. 6,1. 6,3b. 7.1,7.3, 

nil 3aK0Ha 88. CeMnac HaxOAHTcn a TiopbMe BoHMaTo 

npoBMHuviM CaHTbnro-Ae-Ky6a. 



75. Ahtohmo AyryCTO Bunna- 
pean AKOCTa (Antonio Augusto 
Villareal Acosta). Akthbmct no 
c6opy noAnnceii Ann flpoeKTa 
Bapena. Rpt^roaopeH k 15 roAaw 
TiopbMbi M B HacTORUjee Bpewfl 
cOAfipMct^Tca B TiopbMe BoMMaTO 
npOBMHLjiiM CaHTbBro-Ae-Ky6a. 





MeiKAyHapoflHan Amhhcthh, ocHoabiaancb Ha 
HMeKiiKeiicf) b ee pacnopoMceHMM t^ncpopMaixKA, cih- 
TSBT, MTO KyeMHCKoe npasMTenbCTBo Heo6ocHOBaH- 
HO xapaKTepH3yeT stmx AMCCHAeHTOB KaK «HaeMHM- 
KOB» MJ1M «MH0CTpaHHhix» areHTOB.OpraHMsauMR no- 
naraer, mto aomctbhu. la Koroptie 3th ntOQH 6binH 
apecTosaHbP, cyAMMbi h npuroBopeHbi, nB/inriMCb no- 



nbiTiQMH MHpHoro ocymecTsneHviH 4>yHAaMeHTanb- 
HbixcBo6oA M npas HenoaeKa. 

Me>K/iyHapoflHan Amhmctmh m Human Rights 
Watch HacTaHBaiOT Ha HeMeoneHHOMH SesoroBopoH- 

»HOM 0CB060)KAeHHM BCeX apeCTOBaHHblX B MapTe 

2003 r. AMCCMAeHTOB h oe>.nBnniOT ux VSHMKAMM 
COBECTM. 



GecKOHeMHSfl n/yKa - bot eAt^HCTseHHoe noAxOAfliAee HaSBaHMe pflst sthx CTpaHMu. 
BeCKOHeHHan MyKa, m6o wyKa, nopoJKfleHHan TcpbMoCi, - cauan Tn:KKafl, caMan onyCTOUjawman M3 
Bcex; OHa ySMBaer paayM, MccyLuaei ayiuy v\ ocraBn^er b »ev[ c/ieaw, KoxopuM HHKorAa He 
Mar/iaAifTbCfl. 

Xoce MapiM "KaropXHati riopbMa na Kyde" 



www kani.wg 



1t2 



4 KPACHQE KOAECO 



>K03e CAPAMArO 



q OCTAtOCb 



fl ocraiocb. C aroro momsh- 
Ta Ky6a npoflonwMT c/ieflosaTb 
co6cTBeHt(ww nyreM, a n ocra- 
locb. Pacxo)KAeHMe bo MHeHvmx 
- 3T0 npaeo, icoTopoe ecTh m 6y- 
fleT Bn»icaHO HeBii;]MMbiuK ^ep- 
HMnaMH BO Bce AewiapauHH npae 
MenoBSKanpoiLinoro, HacroBiLje- 
ro H 6yflymero, PaaoMTMCb bo 
MHeHHRX - 3T0 noJiHoe M Heo- 
cnopMMoe npaso HaLueii cobbctm MHOraa pacxo)iuteHHe 
BO MHeMMRx MOJKer npHBCCTH K npeASTejibCTBy, ho 3T0 




Wose CapaMBfio (Jose Saramago) - nopmyaenbCfuQ 
nucamerib. naypeam Hodeneecmu npeuuu no /lumspamype 
1998 sods. 



Bcerfla aonntHO ewTb acwasaHO eeccnopHWMii tpaicraM^. 
He/;yMaio, 'ito HeA^BH^ii cyAe6HbiM npoijccc, saKOHMHB- 
LUkiMcnHenponopMMOHaribHOcypOBbiuHnpMroBOpaMMAnn 
Ky^HHCKHX A^CCbUieHTOB, 6blJ1 npouBccou np^M^ecKM 
eeaynpesHbiM, M HenoHBTHo. ecnM aaroBOp aevicravi- 
TeiibKO 6bJJi, no^eh4y ao cvix nop He BbicnaH vi3 crpaHbi 
npeflCTaBwrenb Oraena HHiepecoB CLUA b rasaHe - 
o;iHH H3 yMacTHMxoe aaroeopa 

A Tenepb eiue h paccrpejibi. flonbiTKa ymaTb ko- 
pa6;ib win cawoneT- 3to npecryrxieHMe, crporo Haxasy- 
eMoe B nio6oM crpaHe Mtipa. ho nenbsn npnroBapMsaTb 
yroHinnKOB K CMepTHoii i;a3Hvi, tbm Sojiee yvnTbiBan, mto 
npM 3T0M He 6bino Mtepre. PaccTpenkiean 3tvix rpovix 
iienaBGK, Ky6a ne Bbitirpana HMKaKofi repoMHecKoii 6mt- 
Bbi. HO saro norepnra Moe AOBepwe, paHiina wovi naaejK- 
Abi M pa30MapoBa/ia Moti ow,v\aaHvif* . f\ ocraiocb. 

riepeBOA On«ra flCMxcKoro 



3AyapAO TA/IEAHO 



EOJIbHO 3A KYEY 




TiopbMw H paccTpenbi wa 
Ky6e- npeKpacHwe hobocth afw 
nnaHeTapHoCi cynepBnacm, raK 
/iBBHO ue^raioiiieM BUTaiuMTfa 
3Ty npoKnBTyto KOCTb, 3acTpnB- 
myio y Hee b rapne, M nanpornB. 
- 3T0 o^^eHb nnoxvie v\ rpyCTHue 

HOBOCTM, HOeOCTM, OT KOTOpHX 

SonbMo AfiH Tex, ktq cMMTaer, 
MTO MywecTBO aroii ManenbKoA, 
HO cnocoSHoit Ha CToribXMe mec- 
Tw BejnuMMi" CTpaHH. aacnywH- 

BBBT BOCXbtUieHMfl, M B TO >Ke apSMH AyMBBT, HTO, ecni4 B 

uHpe eo3MO)KHbi CBo6oAa vi cnpaseAHMBOCTb, oh^i bo3- 
woMCHbi TonbKO BMecre. BpcMA xyAiui^x m3 HOeoCTeH: xaK 
5yflTo Haw wano 5bijio HaSxiioaaTb 3a npecrynhOM 6e3Ha- 
Ka3aHHocTb»o HpaxcKoii 5oi4Hki. KygviHCKoe npaBttrenb- 
CTBo npeAnpMHMMasTSTM luarM. xoTopbie, KaxCKasan Gbi 
now Kapnoc Knxano (eudnbiu ypyaesQcKuQ nonumuK. - 
npuM. ped.). nrpemaT npOTtiB naaoKAWw 

Po3a riioKceM6ypr, oTAaBiuan ]K»i3Hb 3a couManuc- 
TMMecKyio peBoniomiio, pacxoAMracb c JleHHHWM b npo- 
exre HOBoro oSuiecTBa. Ona nanncana npopOHecKiie 
cjiosa TOM, Hero ne xoTena. 85 ner Ha3aA ona 5bina 
y6HTa B TepMaHUM, ho stm CTpoxbi axTyanbHbi n cerOAHn: 
MCBo5oAa TOJibKO ann ctopohmmkob npaenTenbCTea, 
TonbKO A^n MnenoB oahom napTMH, xaic 6bi MHoroMMC/ien- 
Ha ona hh 6bi/ia, - cboSoaoh ne BB/inercfi. CBoSofla - 3to 
BcefAa CBo6oAa ixnti roro. kto AyuaeT ttKa^eB k euie: 



3dyapdo ranoBHO (Eduardo Csteano) - ypyzeaucnuu nuca- 
mena u nyGnuuucm 



«&93 Bceo6mnx BtiSopOB. 6e3 heorpaMnieHHOM cbo5o- 
Abi npeccbi 'A co5paHi4ki. 6e3 6opb6bi cboSoahux MHeHMM 
)KH3Hb BO Bcex o6LAecTBeHHMx MHCTHTyrax npeapamaer- 
cn e Mcanxoe npo3n63Hhie, u eA'^^cxBeHLibiw aiakisHMM 
3neMeHT0M cTaHoa^ict; 6K>poKpaTMn». 

BenXXHTO.'HTOywecTajiOHacTbKJBeKaXXI, cranii 
CBiiAeTenflM;^ ABOUHoro npeASTenbCTBa coui^anvi3Ma: 
KanMiynnuuH couMan-AeMOKparKM, xoTOpan b HauiM ahm. 
SnaroAapn cep*aHTy Tohh Bji3py , Aocrwrna CBOero ano- 
ren, H xaTacTpotfcbi KOMHyHMCTMsecKnx rocyAapcTB. npe- 
BpaiAeHHbix B rocyAapcTBa nooMueHCKkte. MHorvie m3 
3T11X rocyAapciB yjne nprnunn k ceoeMy SeccnaBHOMy 
KOHuy, M MX HenoTonnneubie SiopoxpaTW c npMBU'^HbiM 
pseHMeM cnywaT hobwm xosneeaM. 

Ky6MHCKa!i pesonicuMFi poA>inacb, '-iTo6bi CTSTbApy- 
roii CTaaiuan o5i>eKTOM nocTosHHoro WMfiepCKoro Aaa- 
jiBH^R, ona Bbi>KMJia ne Kax en xoTenocb 6bi, a xaK 
CMorjna, 3tot napOA. meApw" n SnaropOAHbiii, nowepT- 
BOBan MHorHM Ann roro, 'JTOSbi CTOJiTb b noriHWH pocT b 
MMpe, HanonneHHOM ycnyxiiMBO CKnoHMeujHMHCfl. Ho aa 
CTOJibKne roAbi STOro TpyAHoro npoLiecca peBoniouMfi 
yrpaHwaana nocreneHHo tot aeTep HenocpeACTBeHHOC- 
TM M CBBwecTM. HTO HOATonKHyn ee Koraa-TO b nyrb. fl 
roBopto 3T0 c 6onbio. Mhb 6onbHO 3a Ky6y 

yrpbiseHMR coBecTM He sanneTaioT mom R3biK, HTo6bi 
euie pas noaropHTb CKa3aHHoe mhok> unoro pa3 na 
ocTpoBB M 3a sfo npeAenauM, - n kg aepio m HMXorAa ne 

BepMn HM B AeMOKpaTMK) npM OAHOM-eA^HCTSeHHOM 

napTMi^ (KaK m b CoeAMHenHbix LLlTarax, tas ecTb oAna- 
eAvtHCTBeHHan napTMn, npMTBopniomancFi AByun). k;i b 
TO, MTO BceanacTMe rocyAapcTBBHHoro annapaTa mokst 
HsnfiTbCfi aAeKBaTHbiM OTBeTOM Ha aceBnacTMe pbJHKa. 
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■tWPlK N) 3e>4a 30M 



^ DbHTAEMbli OCTFDB 



113 



fl aepK) B cBnufeHHoe npaao HapOAOB Ha cauoonpe- 
fleneHHe, rae 5h to hh Cbino n itoraa 5w to hh 6bino. fl 
Mory cKasaTb 3to 6e3 uaneiiLiJkix yrpbiaeHkit^ C0BecT>i. 
noTOMy HTQ Bcerfla, KOffla sto npaeo Hapymanoct. ot 
MueHM coutiajiH3M3 It noA oao6peHMe m^poKnx xpyroe 
neebixcMn, KaK, Hanp»iuep, np^ bboac coeeTCXMx TdHKOa 
a ripary b 1968 r. m npM eropiKeHHH coeercKiix eoiicK b 
ActiraHrtCTaH b kohub 1979 r., b roBopiin o6 3tom npnMO 
H BO Becb ronoc. 

CiiMnTOMbi ynaAxa MOAenn CBepxqeHTpanHaHpo- 
eaHH0kiBiiacTM,npeBpaii4aiomeMBpeBonK)u^0HHyio33c- 
jiyry 6ecnpeKoc;ioBHOe noflHUHenne pacnopnMeHMdM, 
nocTynaioiui4M caepxy. Ha Ky6e oueaHaHbi. 

BnoKaAa ^ MHOHtecTsoapyrvix bhaob arpeccMM 6ro- 

KVIpyK>Tpa3BMTMeAeMOKpaTMMnO-Ky6MHCKli,BAOXHOB;in- 

lOT uHnHTapH3auMio B/iacTM n npeaocTaanniOT anM6M 
ewpoKpaTH^ecKOii HenoBopoTJineocm. OaicTbi aoKaaw- 



BaioT, ^To OTKpwTb KpcnocTb, KOTopaH yrjiyOmna pBbi h 
B03BOfltina HOBbie ctghu no MspeToro, KaK 6bina buhpk- 
flCHa aaiumuaTbcn, cefOflnn OKaaweaeTcn cnowHee. msm 
Kor^a 6b< TO hm Sbino paHee. Ho 4)a><Tbt noKadbieaiot h 
apyroe - to. hto cerOflHn fleMOKpaTHMecxas OTKpwTOCTb 
K3K HMKoraa paHee, Heo6xoAMMa. Pesomou^H. OKaaae- 
LueAcn cnoco6Hoii nepe>KMTb HeHasHCTb 10 npesvt/^eH- 
TOB CoeflUHeHHbix LUTaTOB H 20 flMpeitropOB UPV, ana 
TOrO MT06bl CMO^b npOTHBOCTOflTb np 1*6/1 MxaK)u;i4Mcn 
TpyaHbiM speMeHBM. Heo6xoaHMa STasHepmn, anepwA 
yMacTHn n pasHOoSpasiin 

\^ cauv\ KySMHLjbi, TonbKO Ky6MHUbi VI HtiHTO APyro^, 
aonxmbi craTb reMM. kto ornpoeT HOBbie aewoKparH^ec- 
Kvie npocTpancTBa m saBoioeT HeaonnaKiim^e ceroaHn 
CBo6oaw rtSHyrpH caenaHHOM mmm peBOjiiouMii h hs my- 
6uHbi KopHeM Hx co6cTeeHHou aeMTiH, aeMnii, uieapee h 
6naropoaHee KOTopOH mhc hg M3BecTHo. 

nepeaoA Ojiera ^CHHCKoro 



fl>KetlMC riETPAC 



MALUM MOPAJIklCTbl 




Saaana HHrenneinyanos - 
nponcHMTb rnaBHbie npo6jieMbi 
M onpeaenHTb rnaeMwe yrpoaw 
Mtipy, couHarbHoi^ cnpasea^vi- 
BOCTH. HauHOHanbHoii HesaBM- 

CMMOCTH H CBo60aS a KajKAblM 

vicTopH^ecKMii neptioa. a TanKe 
pacno3HaTb v\ noAaBp>*<MBaTb 

OCHOSHblX 3aiL(l1THV1KOB 3TklX 

npHHu^noe. Ha itHTenneicTvajiax nemiiT o6n3atiHocTb 
pasnu^aTb o6opoHMTenbHbie Mepw, npHHPTwe CTpaHa- 
Mki ki HapoaawM. aT8K0BaHHbiMi>i irtMnepMajTi>icTaM»i, m 
arpecCkiBHbie MCToabi HMnepcKMX CMn, HanpasneHHbie 
Ha 3a8oeBaHHe. 3to sepiuMHa xaHmecraa v\ oMueuepMA 
— MopanbHo ypaBHHBaib MacunHeMpenpeccMM MMnepM- 
anwCTH'^eCKiix rocyaapCTB c asMCTBHHMM crpaH TpeTbe- 
ro uMpa. noaBepraK)Littixcn BoenHbiM m TeppopHCTimec- 
KHM HanaaeHMfiM. OTBeTCTBeHHwe iiHT6nneKTya/ibi «pM- 
TimecKH viccneayroT noniiTii'^ecKyKi CMTyaumo h ananM- 
3MpyioT oTHOmeHMH Me)KAy MMnepcKOM aep)KaBOii h ee 
nnaTHWMM MecTHUMM 4>V"KL|>ioHepaMM, komx HMeHyioT 
«anccnae"TaMH», ohh He bwhocbt MopanncTvi»<ect<ne 
npkiroBopbi. ocHOBbiBaocb na cbomx nojitnn'^ecKHX aor- 
uarax MHTen/ieKTya/ibi, npeaaHHwe caoeuyaeny, koto- 
pbie aaflBJiBiOT, hto roaopwT HaK wopa/ibHwe aaiopiiTe- 
TH, ocoBeHHO ecriM own HaswaaKiT ce6n KpnTHKawM hm- 
nepuannsMa, Hecyr no/inriiuecKyc OTeeTcraeHHocTb aa 
pasogna^eHMB uaHMnynflUMii rocyaapCTs h CMVt, oco- 
6eHHo B oTHOmeHMH kiMnepcxoii pHTOpMKvi HapymeHun 
npaa uenoaeKa HesaaitciiM biMH crpanaMM Tpexbero MMpa . 
<...> 3j» nio6HTenii MOpanbHuxcpaBHeHUM cMOTpnT b 
MHKpocKonHaKyeyMBTenecKonHaCLUA-HTonpHaaeT 
HM onpeaeneHHbiii Bee cpeavi viMnepcKHx nH6epanoB. 



HxeunK nempac (James PelrasI - nonumonoa. npcxpeccop 
rocydapcmeenHOso Hbio-l^opKctioso yHueepcumema 



MopanbHbie MMnepaTMBbi 

M Ky6iiHCKan pea/ibHOCTb: 

Mopa/iH3aTopcTB0 KBK 6ecHecTHe 

no Bonpocy 06 aMepMKaH0-ity6MHCK0M KOH4)nMKTe 
HHTe/ineKTyanw paaae/iiMiMCb bo MHeHunx: [/leewe - 
Ped.) BeHeaeiTu, CacTpe, neTpac, CaH'^ec-Bac^(ec, na6- 
no roMcanec KacanoBa n apy^e 3aLi(Miaa>oT Ky6y, npa- 
Bbie. BunKf^aa Bapraca Jibocy, CasaTepa v\ Kap;ioca 
OyaHTeca, pasyueeTcn, noBTopnioT caoti o6bRHbie 06- 
BHHBHHn npoTMB Ky6w, M OTpHA B ocTa/ibHOM nporpec- 
cHBhbix MHTenneKTyanoB -- Momckh, Ta/ieaHo. Capaua- 
ro, 3onTar, 3kiHH h BannepcraMH - npHcoeawHMncfl k 
ocy>KaeHi^K> KySbi, yniipafl na caoio npeatiayiMyic kp^itm- 
necKyio noat^uMK). aa6bi mx hb cMemnBanM c npaBuuH/ 
rocaenoBCKMMH npoTHBHMxaMvi Ky6bi ItueHHO 3Ta rpyn- 
na HaHecna HaH6ojibLiJkiM yiMep6 3apo>Kaa>ouieMycFi aH- 
TMViMnepvfaniicTMHecKOMy aBMweHHKi, m 3tm KpMTH<4ec- 
Khte aaueiKM o6pameHbi k hvim. Mopanb, ocnoaaHHaR na 
nponarsHAe, - cMepTOHocHan CMecb. ocoSeHHO, Korfla 
MopanbHoeocywaeHiienpOBoarnaiuaiOTyBaJtaeMbiene- 
Bbie MHTenneicryanbt, a nponaraHay nocraBJineT KpaiiHe 
npaaoe npaaMTenbcreo Byuia Mnorne «nporpecciiBHMe» 
KpHTbiKvi Ky6bi npvi3HaioT, a oSm^m m qenoM, ^to CLUA - 
Bpa)Kae6Hbiii arpeccop npoTMB KySw, m auieapo* aapy- 
lOT Ky6MHL4aM npaao na caMoonpea^TeHMe, - m saisM 
HcnycKatOT aannbi Heo6ocH0BaHHb(x oSaMHeHMii vi lAcna- 

MeHHM, OTOpaaHMblX OT KOHKpeTHOti 06CTaWBKK, MTO 

Morno 6bi npoflCHMTb Bonpoc m npeaocTaeMTi, peanbHbie 
ocHOBaHMfl ana «MopanbHoro MwnepaTiiBaH. 

CtOHT MSHaTb COCHOBHUX ifaiCTOB. JISBbie kphthkm. 
ocHOBbiaanCb wa npnwKax rocaenapTaMeHta, o6bmh«k)t 
Ky6HHCKoe npaBMre/ibCTBO e noflaBneMnn nHHHOCTeii. 
anccHaeHTOB, BKJiiOHan wypHarmcTOB, sraaenbijeB ^ac- 
THbiK 6vi6nnOTeir n ynsHoe nonMTMMecKMx napTwti, yvac- 
THMKOB HeMacMnbcreeHHbix no/iHTH4ecKHx aeiiCTBiifl, 



•wwkanaHo 



114 



IPACUDE KOAECO 



nbtTaBUJHXCH BQCnOnb30BaTbCH CBOHMH nOJIMTMHeCKHMH 

npaBauH. Mto «nporpeccMCTbi» He pacnosHariH (v\nw He 
jKenaioT npHsnaTb), ran 3to to. 4to apecToaaHHwe Btinvi 
nnaTHbiMH i^yHKLikioHepaubi auep^KaMCKoro npaskirenb- 
CTBa.<...> 

AMep^KSHCKkie «nporpeccMBHbie» KHTenneirryanbi 
npeMeBpernn csoeA o6fl3aHHOCTbio npoaMann3npoDaTb 
M KpMTMKoeaTb ti npMHnnM aa H^CTyio MOHeiy onpeAene- 
HMe, AaHHoe rocAenapraMeHTOM CLUA auepiiKaHciMM 
nnaTHbiM (fiyHKLjkioHepaM KaK A»iccMAeHTaM, 6opioii4biM- 
cn 3a «CBD6oflyB. 

HeKOTopbie aaiuHTHiiKM auepHKanCKtix arenTOB-A^c- 
CMAeHTOB aanennioT, hto ohm nonyHHiiH «nocTbiAHO a/ihh- 
Hue cpoKHK. 14 cHoea sMnkipM^ecKan 6nM30pyKOCTb ycy- 
rySnneT noJKHbiiii uopan^SM. Ky6a HaxoA^Tcn b cocrofi- 
HMM BoiiHbj.<^..> nonHe^man HestaaTKa cepbesHocrit a 
MOpa/ibHbix nponMCRx Homckm, S^Hna, SoHTar, Bannep- 
CTaiiHa coctomt a tom. hto ohh «e saMeTHnii nenocpea- 
CTBeHMyio ti cepbesHyio yrposy aMepi4KakicKoro nanaAe- 
HHfl c npMMeneHMeM opyiK^n uaccoBOro nopaweH^n, 
oSbflBreHHyo 3ap3Hee < > 

Harnan ia HenpHKpbiTafi nonMTimecKafl ^eflTenb- 
HOCTb flweiiMca KeiicoHa b xiaa c ero KySiiHCKiiMM nocjiB- 
AoeaTenflMM cpe^M nnaTwux areHToe/AMCCHAeHToe - 
naCTb BHyrpeHHMx nnanoB noflpbiaa aepHOCTH KySwHueB 
rocyAapCTBy vi peBoniouMH. BaaiiuocBnsb Mtxay stmmh 
AByMfl TaKTkiKauM H MX CTpaTerimecKoe bamhctbo hb 
saMS'^aeTCR MHrennexTyanaMn-KpnTHKaMvi. npsanoHM- 
TauLMbiuM pocKouJb MopanbHbix h4MnepaTH60B Hacker 
noeceuecTHOii ceoGoabi m^n Kamaovo. noKa nckixonarbi 
M3 BaujHHfTOHa npHcraanniOT Ky5e ho« k rop/iy. Her, 
cnacii6o, Momcicm, SoHxar, BannepcraiiH, - y KyCw ecTb 
npaso ABTb cBOkiM aparaM nMHKa e saA ^ nocxiaTb hx 
py6viTb caxapHbiii tpocthmk. HTo6bi ^bctho sapaSorarb 

Ha KHSHb. <,,,> 

Mopa/iHCTbi He noHMMatOT, noneuy 3th HeroAf^^ 
nbiTBKiTCFi nOK^Hyrb Ky6y npoT^sosaKOHHO. Eym npaicni- 
MecKH OTMeHHji Bu/tany BH3 KySHHuaw, xenaioiAHM 
ysxaTb. Mmc/10 bus cnM3wrocb c 9OO0 aa nepewe 4 
MecRua 2002 roAa ao 700 e 2003-m. 3to - nanoe noA- 
CTpexarenbCTBO x Tepaxraw na Ky6e, KOropwe hotom 
MOKHo McnonbsoaaTbiOnnocyxAeHMncypoBbixnpHroBO- 
pOB, BbObiean ApyKHuii xop noAAaK»iBaK>m»ix ro/iocos 
nporpeccHBHoro aMeptiKancxoro v\ eeponeviCKOro khtb/i- 
nerryanbHoro ucTe6nuitiiuenra . OcHoeaHu nM sm mo- 
paiibHbie ocyiKASHMfl KyGw i^a hmctom HeseixecTBe i^nvi 
3T0 i+To-To Apyroe? - MopanbHbiii ujaHTaw, ^toSh awHy- 
flMTb xySuHLieB oSpaTMTbcn npoTMa Bnacreii, cBoero 
Hapoaa v\nn nonyHMTb Haronnii ot no^TeHHbix MHTennex- 
Tya/iOB- nonacTb a HSonnuMKi h nonyMHTb xnewMo «ano- 
noreTos KacTpo». HeasycMtiicneHHhie yrpoabi Capaua- 
ro - 3a6biTb CBOMx Ky6nHCKnx Apyseii h noAflepJxaTb 
nnaTHbix areHTOB CLUA. CxpbiTbie yrpoibi - He npnea- 
>KaTb fionbuje na KySy n Soi^xoT^posaTb KOH^epeHUHM. 
■-ITO 3T0 - MopanbHan TpycocTt - paswaxHsaTb aMepH- 
xancxoM na/ixoH nepefl Ky6oH, ... W3-3a CBo6oflbi njiar- 
Hux areHTOB, KOTopwe noAJiesxaT yro/iOBHowy npecjie- 
AOBSHtiK} B nio6oM crpane wupa? Ho mto ym tohho 
6eCHeCTHO, aro nonHOCxbio jaMaji'^kiearb orpouHbie ao- 
CTM)KeHMfl peaoniouMM b tom, hto xacaercn 6e3pa6orH- 
L4bi, o6pa3oeaHMfl, sApaeooxpaHeHt^n. paaeHCTBa m Ky- 
6viHCKoii repoMHecKovi y\ npHHUMnHancHOM onno3Hi4HH 
MunepcxMM BoiiHau - BAi^HCTBeHHoii m3 Bcex cTpan - m 
ee cnoco6nocTM npOTHBocTonTb hosth 50-jibtvih> BTop- 



weHMki. Bee 3to HecTOHT Hki'^ero b rnasax aMepiiKaHCK»ix 
nnTenneKTyanoa-3TonpocTono3op! <...>He 3a5yAeM, 
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BOTCTBeHHocTb 3a nocTeACTBMH M He npFiTaTbcn 3a a5cT- 

paXTHUUH MOpnbHNMH GBHanbHOCTHMM HM B TOM, MTO 

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pHkt, HH B OTMOlUeHMM HUHeUlHMX nOSOpHblX OSaHHCHMH 

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OTMSTHTb, HTO J13HAH 6b(na HpOCTHOM npOTHBHHUeS XM- 

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HHTennexT, «nporpecciiBHwe» HHTennexrya/ibj npornn- 
ACfiM HeanneTHTHWB nojiMTMHBcxne Bsmnflbi 3toh npo- 
naraHAMCTKH aHTMKy6viHCKoro MaHHcfiecTa. 

Po/lb HHTGil/ieKTya/lOB B HaUlM AHM 

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xax 8yAT0 cymecTsyeT Torbxo oahh xoMnnexT npwHUM- 
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HfleT peHb H K3K0Bbl nOC/ieACTBHH, 3t0 3HaHHT yTBep*- 

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nnaHbi ceepNteHHn xySuHCKOro npaBHTenbcraa b coo6uj- 
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Hhjih - FAB nnHOHBT cBeprnyn A/ibenAe - ti npHBBABT x 
paapymeHHKi acex aoctuxshhh peaoniouHH ajw lUMpo- 
Khix uacc. EcTb npHHuvinbi 6onee aa^Hbie. new cB06oAa 
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nopawBHMe. u apanvteSHOcrb x noGeai^BuiMM paeonioLiM- 
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conHAapHOCTH c peBomoLpeH Ann HexoTopbii: bi3 hhx 
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nacHOCTM. ycneiiiHO npeAOTBpautaioiLibie TepaxTbi, ohm 
iiMeHyioT «penpeccMBHi3iM noriMLietiCKMM rocyAapcTBOM» . 
>KMBn B CTpaHe c oahmm M3 HaMueHBe nonMTMHecxM 
aKTMBHbix HaceneHMA b MMpe. c oahom m3 HaM6onee 

npOAa>KHblX M naKBMCKMX npO<|)COK)3HblX 6K}pOKpaTMH Ha 

3anaAB, npaxTntnecKM 6e3BcnKoro anMBHMn bhb nscKonb- 

KMX yHMBSpCMTBTCKMX TOpOAKOB, npaxTMHHbIB MHTBnflBK- 

Tyanbi B CUJA ne hubut HHxaKoro onbira m nOHMMSHMn 

BXBAHBBHblX yrp03 M HaCH/IHR npOTMB pBBOniOUMOHHblX 

npaBMTsnbCTB m aicTHBMCTOB B nar^HCKOM Ambpmkb Mx 

nO/lHTHHeCKMB TBOPMH, apuJMHbl, XOTOpblB OHM BblTaCKM- 

BaxsT, HTo6bi aaxneMMHTb mhm noxBanMTb ntoSbie hojim- 

TUneCXMB AeMCTBMfl, CyiueCTByiOT MCKJllOHMTenbHO B MX 

ronoeax. b mx 6naronpMfiTHbix, nporpeccMBHbix yHviaep- 

CMTBTCKMX UBCTBHHaX, TAB OHH HaCna>^aalOTCH BCeMM 

npMBMnerMnuM xanMTa/iticni'HBCKoJi cBo6oAbi 6e3 ua- 
jiBMiuero pMCKa, npoTnB Koxoporo npnxOAHTcn saiuM- 



■lOtfTA- M3S-40 2004 



4 



OBHTAEMbli aCTPDB 



lis 



tuaTbCfl peBanioi4M0HepaM TpeTbero Miipa. HewHoro 
CKpoMHOCTM, Aoporne mom, yBa^aeMbie KpkiTHHecxiie 
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noiKeHtieM ... He cTpoviTb 143 ce6n cyAbio, npoKypopa vi 
npncn)KHbix, KneiiMn nporpeccMCTOB, aocTaTO^HO cue- 
nbix, HTo6bi aamviiiiaTb peaojiiomioHepoB. CaMuii koiu- 
MapHbiti npMMSp - HenpMCTOHHbie HanaAKii Cbio3eH 3oh- 
Tar Ha KonyuSHHCKOro nucarenn ra6pM3nn fapc^a Map- 
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MTO OH ano/ioreT Ky6MHcxoro Teppopa (HMeHHO TaK'). 
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npOTMB KDrocnasMM. anonoreT (fyHAaii^eHTaniiciCKOro 
GocHMfiCKOro pe>mMa m uoriHamBan cabiAeTeribH 11143 
ySbificrB m STHimecKkix mhctok cep6oB m apv^mx ueHb- 
ujMHCTB B KocoBo. ^3 yx, HacTHocTb, HMiero He ck3- 
MceiiJb! 

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nonesHOCTb n HenocneAOBaTenbHocib c nosMUMeA cbo- 
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TMSHbiA AManor bt cnopbi, ho HAKoi^a - niif^Mbie sbinaAbi, 
yHUJKaciuHe rex, kto eweflneBHo pMCKyer CBoeii wHSMbKi. 

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TaKiie speueHa - nepMaHCHTHux bohh, renou^Aa. arpec- 
CMM, KOrAa KySe h/tkhb coniiAapHQCTb KpuTM^ecKH muc- 
nniUMX wHTenneKTyanoB. KOTopyo OHa ronyMaer - m3 
Eaporibi M oco6eHHo us JlaTMHCKovi Auep^Kvi Paaee ne 
npHiuno Bpeun ar^a Hac b CLUA, co bcbmh HaiiiMWH 
nOMTeHHbiMM M npocnaBnsHHWMM nporpeccHBHbiMH mh- 
TenneKTyanaMH, co eceii natueii sbJCaMaiiLijei) Mopanb- 

HOk^ HyBCTBHTejlbHOCTblO, HaKOHSq, OCOSHBTb, VTO HACT 

KMHeHHO aawHan. repOH^ecxan pesoniouiioHHan 6opb- 
6a Ann aamnTbi npoTus awepHKaHCKOro cpoBowaAHoro 
HyAOBHina, CKpoMHO OTJiowHTb HsiuH BajKHeSiuiie sane- 
neMM» ;i noAAepwaib peBoniouHio BMecre c MMJinMOHOM 
Ky^MHueB, oTMenatoiutix 1 uan c nx n^epOM OkiaeneM 
KacTpo? 

Ony6nuHoeaHo: 

http://www.rebelion. org/petras/english/ 

petmsmayl 2003. htm 

TlepeeoAXlMAHH BonrHMoA (LefLRu) 

npHMenaHMii: 
Mapuo BeHedemmu (Mario Benedetli) - ypyeeaucmu 
nucamenb. 

AnbtpoHco Cacmpe (Alfonso Sastm) - ucnamKuu dpa- 
Mamyps. 
Adonb0oCaHiec-BacKec (Sanchez-Vazquez) (p. 1915) 

- MBKcuKaHCKuiJ (punoco^-MBpKCucm. flpocpBccop, 3a- 
eedyiomuu hatpedpoQ MeKCUKancKoao HauuonanbHoeo 
aeinoHOUHozQ yHueepcumema. 
na6noroHcaijec KacaHoea (Pablo Gonzalez Casanova) 

- ucmopuK. <punoco0. couuonoe, aaeedyioiuuij xaiped- 
poOMeKCUKaHCKoaoHauuoHanbHOsoaemoHOMHOzo yHu- 
eepcumema. 

Mapuo Bapeac Jlboca (Mario Vargas Uosa)- nepyOHC- 

KuQ nucamenb. 

0epHaHdo Caeamep (Fernando Savater} - ucnaMCKuu 



4>unoco<p, nucamenb. npocpeccop yHueepcumema. 
Kapnoc 0y3Hmec - MeKCUKanCKuO nucamenb. 
Hoau HoucHu (Hayu XoMCKuu)(Noam Chomsky) - u3~ 
aecmnbiu aMepunancKuQ nuHseucm. nonumonas. ny6- 
nuuucm. o6ujecmaenHbw denme/ib. 
Sdyapdo raneano - ypyaeaucKuQ nucamenb u ny6nu- 
uucm 

)Ko3e Capauaao (Jos6 Saramago) - nopmysanbCKuu 
nucamenb. naypeam HoCeneecKoO npeuuu no ntimepa- 
mype 1998 soda. 

Cbio3eH 3oHmaa (SusanSontag)(p. 1933)-aMepuKaH- 
cxan nucamenbHuiia u xceucmna. 
roeapd 3uHn (Howard Zinn) - auepuKaHCKuO ucmopuK, 
aacnyxBHHbiO npo0eccop BocmoHCKoeo yHueepcume- 
ma. 

UMManyuji BannepcmaOH (Immanuel Wallerstein) - 
auepusancKuu ucmopux u couuonos. npcxpeccop Henb- 
cKOao yHueepcumema. 

QmoCiuc KaucoH (James Cason) - snaea dunnoMamu- 
wecKcso npedcmaeumenbcmaa CiUA Ha Ky6e. 
I^oaHH jliHdu (Joanne Landy) - ^nen pedamuOHHozo 
coeema xypHana We* Politics u codupoKmop Campaign 
for Peace and Democracy. Bcmambe, onydnuxoaaHHod 
e New Politics, vol. 9. no. 3. ff>K.D3Hdu nutuem, nmo ace 
HanucaHHoeJJ't-nempacoMeesocmambeomHocumenb- 
HO ee no3uuuu u eaanrtdoe - 'eo3MymumenbHan notttba. 
npudyMannafi atenbio "ducKpedumupoeambceoux npo- 
mueHUKoen. 

ra6pu3nb rapcua Mapxec - KonyuCuQcKuu nucamenb, 
naypeam Ho6eneeCK0u npeuuit no numepamype 1S82 
soda 



Ot peasKUHH «KapTbit>: 

ny6.nMK>fi (b coKpaineHHH) CTaTbio hohtch- 
Horo awepiiKaHCKoro tipo^Jeccopa, mm npciuiara- 
CM '(HTaTe.iHM cauHM noaciHTaTb, cKo;ibKO ner 
Tiopbubi nojiy>iHji 6t,i cefi iKKTejib •mporpeccHBHo- 
ro yHHBepcHTCTCKoro MCCTeiKaH, ecjiH 6u k Hemy 
npiiMeHHJiii craTbH iaKOHa 88, iieliCTByioiitero Ha 
cTonit aKTMBHO ^aiUHiuacMofl couHanitcTHiecKoJi 
Ky5e? 

H B aaKJHOMCHHe onna UHrara hi pocchhckoj) 
npeccu: 

«Cc€oOHiiuiHuuco6eceOHUK "U3eecmuii"Ajib- 
oepmo MapmuHec - meppopucm. Oh jmoeo. co& 
cmaeHMO, u He cxpuaaem. B tiporpoMve Peeatia- 
ifuoHHhix eoopyjiceHHbix cun KojvMdiiu I0APK). 
oOHii\i u3 pyKoeodume.ieu Komopbtx itejiHemcsi Map- 
muHec, npHMo coeopumcK. nmo Ojih coep.weHux 
"jKcofiyamamopCKoeo pex-uva " npue.tneMbi jiio- 
6bie MemoObi 6opb6bi H meppop cpeOu jmux .\te- 
moOoe - cayibiU nony.inpHbiU. 3a 38 .lem. into e 
Ko.iy.M6uuu6em?pa.>icaaHCKaiieoiiHa, no^u6JIu 1 30 
mbtCHH He.ioeeK. B ochognaM - Mupntie .Jicumejiu. 
cmaeuiue jcepmeavu mepaKmoe. {...} 

Bonpoc: 

- KaKOBa aauja HAeojiorHiecKan njiartttopMa? 
Omeem: 

- Mbi ocHOBMBacMCfi Ha yneHUH MapKca, Oh- 
rejibca h JleHHHa, uaeux aiuepHKaHCKoro jihccm- 
ACHTa Hoakia Momckopo, Ha nySiiHKauHiix JixeHM- 
caneTpaca». 



■wwkan* vg 



116 



^ KPAGHOE KDJIECI 



Us MHTepBbio OMAe/in KacTpo 
ct>eA6piiKy MaMopy Caparoce 



OeaepHKo Mawop: Mhb xorenocb fibi renepb aar- 
pOHyTb Asni^KaTHyio reuy TeMy cBo6o/ib< cnosa m uuc- 
nw. Ky6MHCKiiii pewuM peryriqpHO noflsepraeTcw hanaa- 
KaM 3a ero penpeccHBHyio nonviT^Ky s 3tom rnaHe. 

Oivie/ib Kacrpo: fl y)Ke aoraflancn, hto tw co6«- 
pancfl CKaaaTb. flpeitvie HaflO 6w cnpocwTb. mojkho oh 
TOBOpiAJb a c8o6oAe cnoea vi Mbicnki b perMOHe MMpa, r^e 

OrpOMHOe OO/lbLilMHCTBO rpaJKflaH nOHHOCTblO MJIM (pyKK- 

UHOHanbHo HerpawoTHbi 3to moxbt noKaaarbcn xecio- 
Ko^ HacueiuKOii .. 

Hepes flecnTb ner Kyjibiypa Ky6MHMeB 6yfleT Ma 
ypoBHe BbinycKHMKa yHHBepcMTera, b ohb Oyfler komo- 
neKCHoii, a He flpo5HOM. flnn aioro ywe cojaaHw Bce 
ycnoBMP, Hmkto Tenepb Me cmokct noweiuaTb roMy, hto 
Mu CTaweM caMWM KynbrypHbiM HapoflOM 3eMnM.,. Ha 
cnync6ycTonb Benmovi nei\u wbi nocraBHM coaaaHHwe 
He/iOBCKOM CKascwHbie TexHonomM 6e3 woMMepMecKOH 
pennawbi. fl/^me HCMHoro nofloxABTb, MTo6bi rOBOpnTb 
o HacTonmeii CBoSoqe cjiobb vi Mbicnu. 

OM.: . . Mtobu AyuaeTeoKySMHCKtiKA^ccHAeHTax 
KaK BHyrpH CTpaHW, rax n bo a>nopnjie? 



O.K.: F1 He noHMuaio, xaKan MO)KeT 6biTb paaHiiqa 

MeWAy TBM, HTO TbI Ha3bl8aeUJb BHeiilHMM*! V\ BHyipeHHW- 

MMflncCMfleHTaMM. 3to coBepmcHHO OAMO M TO JKB. Mre, 
M flpyrHe oahofo npOMCxoweHHfl m HaxoflBicn noa oa- 

HMM pyKOBOflCTBOM H TB, H AP/rMB WBJIHIOTCJI HHCTpy- 

MSHTOM nonviTv^Kii CoeA^HSHHbix LUraTOB no OTHoiueHMio 
K Ky5e, M re. m Apyme awcrynaiOT 3a wMnepManMSM, 
npoTviB coijManbi3ua m aa aHHexcviK} 

B 3Tbi cnaBHbie m repOMnecKMe roflbi ziBoiiHoii 6no- 
KSAbi M oco5oro nepwofla. Koraa pemaeTCR, mviib Hnn 
norn6HyTb Hameft PoflUHe, b aTuaapepe noflBuroa wa- 
mero Hapoiia omh norpnsHyrB Sonore 6ecMecTnw n 5yayT 
3a6biTbt, Mio, HecDMHeHHo. HaiiSonee cooTBeTCTByer ia 
noAo6aeT vix jKanKOii ponn. 

(P.M.: BaM Bbinana npna^nerMn npu jkmshm npeBpa- 
TWThcn B WM0. Bbi npoflonwHTe ocraBaxbcn mh^om m 
nocne CMepTM? 

tD,K.: ...KoHeHHo,(inpoflon)«(y6biibMM0oMti nocne 

CMepTU 

2003 3. 
Ony6piiKOsana wa RednewSTTj 



Kap/ioc AJIbBEPTO MoHiaHep 

«KOMA-AHAAHTE» M EFO HAC/IEAHMKkl 



*Mflenb KacTpo... Pobho 45 nei Ha3aA 3tot mbjio- 
BeKnpMLijenKBnacTMHaKy6eB($opwepeBoniouMOHepa, 

'^T06blCTaTbnO«V13HeHHblMfllH(TaTOpOM.OTTOHKOropTW 

6onbLiJMx noJiHTiflKOB - Ofisewxaysp, fie Tonnb, Xpyiuee - 
ywe HiiKoro He ocranocb e )KviBbix. 

A caM tDHflerib cran xoan'^eH SHUHnnoneflweH Bce- 
BOSMowHux 6one3HeH - or riapniiHCOHa flo cepfleiHoii 

Ecnit paHbUie y Hero na Ky6e 6wno nposBwme Ka6a- 
ribo - «>Kepe6eL(», to ceA'43c ero ace i-iaute nasbiaaiOT 
ttKoMa-anaaHTen - KXoflH4afl kombk, 

B /xofinmeM rofly Kacrpo o6pyuinn HCBHflaHHwe 
flocene penpeccHH nporviB lex. kto pHCKHyn BbicrynnTb 
npOTHB «Mapa3waTMijeatoro comiann3Ma» 3a pemeiKy 
6pomeMbi 75 HenoeeK - M»Ofne npHroBOpeMti k 28 roaSM 
sannKDMeHMH. B 3T0M cHvicKe - Paynb Pneepo, caMwii 
n3BecTHwi* Ha Ky5e nosT. )KypHanncTbi. nwcayenn. 6n6- 
riMOTS'-irtbie pa6oTMHKi«, aKOHOMwcrtj, aimiBHCTbi 6opb- 
6bi3a npaBaMenOBexa. QcflMXBtiHasaK/iio'^aeTCFiBTOM, 
4T0 OHM nocMenH nocTaawTb caow noflnHCM tioa npwsbi- 
BOM npoBeCTH scenapoaHbifi pect^epeniiyM aeuoKpa- 
TM3aMMM nonMTti'<ec*OH CMcieMw B cTpane. 

HoBan BoriHa apecTos npnee/ia k rowy, 4to MHorwe 
eaponeMCKvie MHTenneKryanbt, erne neAaBHo noaAep>Kx- 
BaBiawe Kacrpo, oMHynncb, «Bot icyaa hw npniunvi!* - 
cnoea nopTyra/ibCKoro nHcaTenn >Ko3e CapaMaro crariM 
yKOpOM AJ^!i Bcex. B tIcnaHMH, HanpMuep. ec/iM kto ce- 



Kapjioc Mo6epmo Monmanep - nucamenb u MypHanucm. 
npesudenm KyGoncicoso mj6epaiibno30 coicua. 



roAHB H noflflepwHBaei ttacTpoBCKMfl pexwM. tbk 3to 
reppopMCTbi H3 SacKCKoii cenapaTwcTCKOw rpynnnpoBKM 
3TA. OT<t>tiAe/in OTBepHyni4Cb6yKBajibHo ace b Eapone. 
OTHbiHe eMy Me AO>*ViaTbCR nyiKamx npeQ^epeHui^M b 
Toproane - k3k uHKHMyu ao Tex nop, noKa oh He pa3pe- 
luHT cBo5oA"y'o sMHrpaunK) flnn flvicaiaeMTOB, Hsko- 
HeLi-TO Eepona noMnna, hto icy6MHCKan npoSnewa cao- 
AHTCfl He K KOH(t)nnKTy uexAy SaiiJHHrroHOM h TaBaHOH, 
aKnpOTiiBOCTOflHi^iOMe)t(AyaeMOKpaTaMiiBceroM^paH 
nocjiefiHevi flHKTHTypoii coBercKoro noKpon. 06 3tom 
rpOMKO w ncHo 3aHBnr axc-npesHfleHT MexHH Baunaa 
rasen, o6bflBMBiiJHH o cosAantiM Mex«yHapOflHOro ko- 
wMteTa 33 aeMOKpamsaLtiiio na Ky6e 

B BocTOMNoii Espone faaen ne oahhok b cbo^x 
HyBCTBax K OHflenio. K nocneanet^ KOMMyhMCTH^ecKoii 
Ai^icTaTypeB 3snaAH0MnonyLiJapbiii HebicnbiTbtBaercMM- 
naTMM H pocck'wcKoe pyKoeoflCTBO Bhsmt poccHviCKoro 
npe3HaeHTa na KySy ipn roaa nasaA He npvtaen k boc- 
CTaHOBneHviK} npe))(Hei^ «6paTCKOvi Apy)K6bi». Ky6MHCKVi^ 
nuaep npOAon>KaeT MeMTarb o tom, ^ito KorAa-HM6yab 
K0MMyHH3M B PocQikt BHOBb nprtAST X BnacTd. A ripesM- 
ABHT nyiHH, nocne Toro KaK tot c6rivi3nrcfl c awepuKan- 
uawM M peiannaeMOHTHpOBaTbSasy 3neKTpOHHoro uinM- 
OHa)Ka B flypAece. anw Hero - npeflaTenb vi spar. 

Koraa fikiAep OAHoro h3 naTMHoaueph^KaHCKHX rocy- 
aapCTB HanoMHMn OnAe/iio, hto nyTMH - 6biBiunM o<t)M- 
yep KrB, Kacrpo OTaeTHn: «A n aywan, 4to oh h3 IJPyn 
npSBAa, Ha ocTpoB npoAon)KaioT esatiTb SuBLUMe Ha- 
'^a^bHHKn poccwiicKOro npesHfleHTa no ny6«HKe, b ^ac- 
THOCTH, 3KC-rnaBa aHanMTMHecnoH cnywSbi KHB rewepan 
HyiKoravt Jleonoa Ho 3to - aant yBa)KeHHfl <J>naenfl m ero 



-KAPTA- W 38-40 200< 



^ OBITAEMbli ICTPBI 



117 



unaauiero 6paTa Paynn 6biBmMM TOBapMLuaM no K/iac- 
coBOM 6opt>6e npoTvie MMnep^a/i^aMa. 

A Ha rocyAapCTBeHHOw ypoeHe HHKaKMX nepcneicTHB 
ynyMLuaHMR OTHoiueHMii Mexuiy KacTpo m npariuaTKMHbiM 
nyTMHWM 6biTb He Momcr no oa"OM npocToti npMHMHe: 
Ky6a HMKOr^a He OTflacT Poccmm hm o^Horo qeKra ki3 
cBoero flonra b 24 MwnnHapfla aonnapoB. 

B npoiunoM roay npoMsoujno v\ euje oaho cepbe3- 
Hoe cDewTHe, MMewinee OTHOiueHne k no^^^TH'^ecKOMy 
6yAymeMy KyCu. 

AwepHnaHCKHe nonimiKM - m pecny6nM»taHitbj, h 
/teMOKparbi - cocTaeHfin coBuecTHuii MeMopaHAyM, b 
KOTopoM floroBOpHjiHCb Syflyiijeii cipaTerMH no otho- 
meHHK) K raaane. B flOKyMeHte oTMe^aercB, mto CUJA 
coMTyr coBepmeHfio HenpMeMneubiM. ecriM Ha cMeny 
aeropMTapHOMy pe)KiiMy Kacrpo npiusT HeKan aflpywe- 
CTBeHHan BanjHHrrOHyB BOeH»an AnirraTypa KOMMyHMC- 
TtmecKoro To/ina, 



riySfiMKauMn MeMopaHAywa crana ana Ky6kiHCKHX 
BoeHHbix 80 rnase c PayneM Kacrpo yiuaTou xonoanoii 
BOflw. Beflb OHM Mema/iM nocne cwepTH Jiwflepa wnpo- 
j]3Tb» BaujMHtTOHy o6pa3 Mnpnoi^ m SesunTeiKHoA Ky6bi 
- 6e3 HeneranbHyx MMUMrpaHTOB m HapK0KOHTpa6aHAi^- 
CTOB - B o5MeH Ha eoccraHOBneHtie aKOHOMM^^ecKMx n 
AHnnoMaTMMecKMx oTHouiSHtiii m npMinahMe CBoero ho- 
Boro pe»(MM3. Ho aMepMKaHUbi Aani4 noMnrb, ^to ne 
jKenaoT noKynaib stot t(TOBap». 

Ohm npeKpacHo noHUMaiOT. itTo b TSKyio ynaKosxy 
6yAeT saBepnyra 6oM6a saweaneHHoro aeiicTBAft. He 
xynuT THMnoM Toeap m eeponeiiLibi Pommm ne nepemMseT 
CBoero Kay^Mribo, KOTopbiii ero nopooMn ^erbipe c nono- 
BMHOii aecnTMneTtin Haaa^. 

OnydnuKOBaHO: AzeHtncmeo itUpuua* 



CwflHn ro/iflBEPr 

nO/IMTKOPPEKTHOCTb CJIOBAPEM 



Kaaanocb? Tonbxo B^epa OM^enb Kacrpo ocyxvian 
coOax KanMTajTM3Ma. Ae^CTBMTejibho, sto 6bino e^epa. 
HaceA paa D6beNTOMero npe3peHMn6bi;ia... Poccm»! 

B pemt, Ma/taHHoA na npaumoM neAene a Ky6viHcxoA 
(KOMwyHMCTMHecxoM) raseie, KacTpo o6i.Hflnfln, hto Poc- 
cvin snpeflana Ky6y», oSopBaB ToproBbie comaujeHun 
HecKOJibxo neT Hasaji. - re comaiueHMn. xoropbie nOMO- 
raji»i Aep>KaTb ocrpOB <tHa nuaByn. DpeAaTenbCTBO Poc- 
CHH, xpowe Toro, 'Qbino nnoflow ee olumQok h jiomtioro 
nyiM, »a KOTOpOMOHanpOMrpana MfleonorM'^ecKoe cpa- 
)KeHMe npoTMB 3anaAHoro KanMTariM3M3 / 6yp)Kya3Horo 
MMnepManii3Ma,noAaaBneHMeMCoe/ii<HeHMbi}[lUTaToe>>. 

06bflCHituo HcnonbsoBaHMe Kacrpo uapKCMCTCKO- 
neHMHCKoA TepMMHonorMM bx\^ ogujeHtin c 3aTpaBJieH- 

HblM KySMHCKMM HapOAOM MnM CBOMMM COpaTHMXaMM. 

KaxMe we cnoaa HaxOA^T cerOAHn «6yp>Kya3Hbii4 
MMnepMan^3WD p/m xapaxTepucTMKM cauoro 'Sviosnn Ka- 
crpo H eMy noao6Mbix'' 

CaMoe nocneA^ee MjAaHMe Webster's New World 
College najbiBaer ero npocro: «Cuban revolutionary leader, 
prime minister and presidents («Ky6MHCKMM peeontouMOH- 
HbiCi UAjxup. npeubep-MMHMCTp m npeaMABHTi). SsyM^r 
AOBOJibHo BHyiiiMTenbHO - nouTM tsmh we cnciB3MM xa- 
paKrepMsyercfi m MaKapiyp. Ho pasee Kacrpo ne A^ifia- 
rop? Ohbgmaho, cfioaapb ne c^en bosmohwuw raK ero 
oxapaKTepM30BaTb... 

3to - He eAUHCTBeHHWH cnynaH, o6Haoy*enHbiM b 
Webster's New World, - no KpafiHeM wepe, soraa pac- 
CMarpHBaeMbii^ «i?MAep» npt^naA/iewcMT h epeeonioiiMOH- 
HOMy» CTpoio. CnoBapb Mowei naawaaTb fMrnepa iNazi 
dictator ot Germany» (vHauucrcKHi^ A>*KraTop TepMa- 
HMM*). HO CrariMHa - npocro (Soviet premier, general 
secretary ot the Communist party of the U.S.S.R» («Co- 
sercKMMnpeMbep-MMHMcrp, reHepanbHbiCicexperapbKoM- 
MyHMCrH'^eCKoi* napTMM CCCP»), MycconHHM - <iltalian 
dictatore (sHrafibnHCKMM;iMXTaTop>), HoTMTo-«Yugoslav 
Communist Party leader, prime minister and president of 



Cudnu ro/?d6ep3 - xoHCyribmaHm cpedcme 
uMtpopuauuu Hbio-i^opKe. 



Yugoslavia> («;iMflep KoMMyHncrHHecKoti naprmi tOro- 
CJiasMM, npeMbep-MMHMcrp m npesMABHr K)rocn3BtiM>), 
OpaHKO - «Dictatof of Spains {«flMKTarop McnaHMM») m 
Canaaapa "Pnme minister and dictator of Ponugalt<« ripe- 
Mbep-MMHHCTpMA*i>traropnopTyrajiiiHB),noMao-143eAy- 
Ha - «Cliir«5e Communist leader, chairman of the People's 
Republic of China and of it's Communist Party* {nKMrai^c- 
kmA KoMMyHMcrMHecKMi^ nMAep. npeAceAarenb KHraMC- 
Koit HapoAHOM Pecny6jiHKM m ee KoMMynncTM^iecKof^ 
napTMHn). 

AJieHMH?«RussianieaderoltheCommunist revolution 
of 1917. premier of the U S,S.R.» <«PoccHMCKMkl nM/iep 
KoMwyHMcrHHecKoiS peaoniouHH 1917.npeMbep-MrtHHcrp 
CCCP»). 3td xaiKBTCH acD6eHHo HecnpaseA^^BbiM, rax 
xax nwcbMa JlewnHa OTKpbiro MHCnMpMpoeanM reppop. 
craBLUMii ochobom ero npaeneHMfi. OAnaxo xopoujnti Gyp- 
jKyasHbifi cnoaapb He AonweH saxoAMTb cjirtujKOM fla/iexo. 

Webster's New World - He eAMHcreenHbiH rpyA, Ha 
KoropwH MowHo cocnarbCfl ajia AeMOHcrpauMw noAoOHOH 
KCnOBapHOM A^n/^OMarMM*. Cauoe nocneAnee »i3AaHHe 
American Heritage Dictionary of Itie English Language 
Ha3biBaeT npeAujecTBeHHuxa Kacrpo (senepana Oynb- 
xencuo Bamucmy - HpuM. nep.) - "Cuban dictator and 
president* («Ky6MHCKHMAMxraTopiinpe3viaeHr»). Ho cam 
Kacrpo - BCuban revolutionary leader who overthrew 
Fulgencio Batista in 1 959 and established a socialist states 
(<iKy6MHCKMMpeBoniai4vi0HHbiiAnMAep,CBeprHyBUJii(i<t>ynb- 
XBHCMO EaTMcry e 1959 roAy i cosAaaujMM couiMariMcrH- 
4ecKoe rocyAapcrBo»). He nonwueiicxoe rocyAapcrBO, 
K0He^HO. 

flnn American Heritage, rmnep - paayweercn, 
sAbsolute dictator* (aAecojiicrHbiM AiKTaropn), ho Cra- 
/iHH-sSoviel politician who was general secretary of the 
Communist Party and premier of the U.S.S.R. (sCoBerc- 
HMMnQnMriiMecKMMAeRrerib,reHeparibHtimceKpeTapbKoM- 
MyHMcrM^ecKOi^ napTMM »inpeMbep-MMHMCrpCCCP)>). He 
Gepyrcfl B packer penpeccHU, 4mctkm, yBniicrBa, reHouMfl 
- noBCSAHeBHaa pa6ora SToro "nonHTwyecKoro Aecre- 
nviJi. K cnoBy o reHOUMAe, xax Bbi Ayuaere, American 
Heritage onpeAe/iBer non nora? ■Camtiodlan political 
leader whose Khmer Rouge movement overttirew the 
Cambodian government in 1975» [«KaMnyMMMCKMH nonn- 



ww kirta org 



Ill 



^ 



KPACflOE KOilECD 




n- 
AMERICAN 
HERITAGE 

dictionary 



jvMecr.m nbvtep, Hb^ ABtiMceHiie KpacHWX KXMspoe ceep- 
rno KaMnyjHi^cKoe npaBMrenbCTBO a 1975»). Ka)Kflbi« 
;ion)KeH3aAaTi>cn eonpocoM ■- nannioTCf) swt cnoea <norihi< 
THMecKMft n^Aep* no/iHoiS xapaKrepucTHicot* cruiifl npas- 
reMHB non noxa, 

B jipyrHX cjiOBapnx npoaie«naaeTC(i tot >Ke CTMjib. 

Random House Webster's Unabridged Diciionary 
HasMBaeT BaTHCiy eCuban mililary leader: diclator of 
Cuba; president)) ((KyCHHCKMii BoeHHuiA niuiep: A^xTaTop 
Ky6bi:npe3MAeHT>}, a KacTpoTDJibKO 'Cuban revolutionary 
and political leader: prime minister and president* («Ky- 
6mhckmi;^ peeonioMMOHHbiH h nonHTK^ecKHii niviep: npe- 
Mbep-MHHMCTp H npesMACHT*). fHTJiep - 'Nazi dictator of 
Germany* (nHauMCTCKMH attKiarop repwaHMH*), kohch- 
Ho, HO CranHH - «Soviet political leader^ («C0BeTCKHM 
nonHiki'HecKMM rmpfi^f). 

Oxford American Dictionary m Language Guide He 
HMeiOT nepcoHajiHM, ho ohh onpeaennioT rMT/iepoBua Kax 
«a person who embodies ttieauthorrtarian characteristics 
of Adolf Hitler. Ger. dictators («'^enoBeK, KOTopbif) coor- 
BeTCTByeTaBTopHTapHbiMxapaKTepucTviKaMAaDnbcliarHT- 
nepa, HeMei(KOrojiMKTaTOpaii).A>4TOOTHOC»iTenbHO(CTa- 
nKHM3Ma»? 3to - MfleonoriwecKoe HanpaBneniie, na- 
asaHHoe no MueHvi «JV. Stalin (Dzugashvili), Soviet 
statesman* (VI. B. Crantina [/IjKyraujBM/TH). coBercKoro 
rocyflapcTBeHHoroaenTenfl»).rocyAapcTBeHHorofleBTe- 

Ho ASBaf^Te ociaaitu MMena Ha Bpeufi b CTOpone <a 
nocMOTpbtM Hs Gonee m^poKMe tcmu, cKpuBanujuecn 3a 
HbiwM American Heritage ynoMMuaeT o (C^'SujuctckoA 
0Hnoco0tiH rmnepa* klMeeTcn ero onpeaeneniie iiB- 
iun3Ma:(iAsystemofgovernmeni marked tjy centralization 
of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic 
controls, suppression of the oppositiort througti tenor and 
censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism 
and racisms (vCMCTeuanpaeneHMn.oTMe'^eHHanueHTpa- 
nuaauHeii anaciH amrraTopoM. crporaw counanbHo-3i;o- 
HOuM'^ecKHMKOHTponeM,noAaeneHiieMonno3HL|Mi4uepe3 
reppop n ueH3ypy m, naK npasH/io, normHKOvi BOMHCTaeH- 
Horo HauH0HanH3Ma ^ pacMsuas). 

/locraTOUHO tomho, ocoSeHHO. ecnw onucbiaaeTcn 
HauHCTCKan pasHOBHAHOcrbt^aiuMSMa. KoMMyHM3M, cApy- 
rofl CTopoHbi. onpeAennercn laK: f A system of government 
in which the state plans and controls the economy and a 
single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to 
make progress toward a higher social order in wtiich all 
goods are equally shared by the peoplea ((CHCTewa npaa- 
JieHHfl. c rocyAapCTBeHHWM n/iaHMpoaaHueM m ynpaere- 
HMSM SKOHOMkiKOi^, hpM KOTopoA BnacTb npMHaAnewMT 
oa.*^oi\. ^acTO aBTopi^TapHoA napTHM. MbM zvtnu Hanpaene- 
Ku Ha co3A3Hhie couHanbHoro nopnAKa. npti KoiopoM Bce 




Sasns^Hume nod odnojiocy.. 

5nara pacnpeAenenw uexwy riOAbMM noposHy*). HeT 
Aawe naMexa na Teppop ia qeHsypy, m xohc'^ho - HMKaxoi^ 
flwraTypbi 

B nymijeu cnynae. onpeAeneHMfl cJioeapflMM nonM- 
TMHecKMX TepMMHoe A^iieTaHTCKkie m rnynbie. B xyALueM 
cjiynae, ohm npeAHawepeHHO anTHntiSepanbHbie m aHra- 
>K;ipoBaHHbie. \A!^vl. bo3mo>kho. he npeAnauepeHHO. ^eii- 
CTBHTenbHo, MHorAa KawoTcn, '^To a hmx no-npewiHeMy 
orpaxceHbi B3rjiF)Abi neaux /leKCiiKorpartiOB, Aonnse ape- 
wfly5e)KAaBUJMXHac.^TonporpeccMBHbieTeHAeHUM»npM- 
xoAOT TonbKO ccneeav, HeesHpan Ha peanbHbie 4>aKTbi 
HcropHvi. 

HeM kinase oCiiRCHiiTb Taxite onpeAeneHHst b 
Webster's II New College Dictionary, MiAahHOM b npo- 
iu;iou roAy. ripasbie. nA political group, as a faction or 
party, whose policies are conservative or reactionary* 
(cflonMiH^ecKan rpynna, 0paKUMn unit napikin, Mbn noJiH- 
THKa KOHcepeaTMBHa vit\m peaxLjHOHHa*). Jlesbie: «Those 
who advocstethe adoption of sometimesextreme measures 
to achieve the equality, freedom, and well-being of the 
citizens of a stale* («Te. uto jamvimaioT npviHfiTMe MHorAa 
HpeaBbNaiiHbix Mep Ann AOCTHiKeHMfi paaencTBa. cbo6o- 
AbJ M 6narococTOnHiin rpaxAan rocyAapcTsa*). SeyMHT 
lenno »... HeHeTKoHoeoaMoxtHO, npaaue Tome aaSoxnT- 
cn o QnarococTonKHM rpa)t<AaH rocyAapcrea'' 

B Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2001 
edition) npaabje. cpeAM acero ocranbHoro. BbicrynauT 
npoTHB Bchange in the established ordert (<ibi3MeHeHiiii b 
cyujecTByioujeM nopnAKe*) h OAoGpfiKiT xlraditional 
attitudes and practices (■rpaAuuHOHHbie OTHOujenHn vi 
ueTOAW*). npexpacHo! fleBue, lew BpeueHeu. aaujuma- 
lOT nchange in the name of freedom or well-being of the 
common mann (■HSMeneHMe or v\uen^ ceoGoAbi ^nv\ 
6rarococT0FiHiifl obbJi^Horo HenoBeKan). BnoBb Gnaro- 
pOAHbie MOTMBbi cocpeAOTOHeHM a OAHOii CTOpotne. 

3ra HeyKnowafl OAHocTopoHHOcrb Koro-HnSyflb eon- 
HyeT? Ha m nei. KynoMHHyrbtM rpyAaw oiHocHTcn raK, 
6yATo MX coAepwaHHe nannsKn sepiuHhaMi^ y^eHocTM m 
nayiJHOii toiihoctm. CnOBHO hhkto hc ^lyBCTByer oujuBok 
ki TeHAeHMMOSHOCTH, npOHMKaioujHx b xy/ibTypy noA tskom 

MaCKOM. 

OAHaKO GonbLUHHCTBO H3 Hac 6yAyT M3yHaTb nonuTM- 
Ky M HCTOpHio He no KparxHu CTarbnu a cnoBape. m ecnn 
Bu AOCTaTo^Ho MonoAbi, '^To6bi yMMTbCfl. TO y eac ecTb 
BpeuH AnRAPyi^x, Sonee oficionrenbHbix KH^r K cseAe- 
HMK) 6yAyiUMX neKCiiKorpa4)OB: aThe Black Book of 
Commtjnism>(*MepHanKHMraKOMMyHM3MaB]-HeAaB^ee 
HSflaHHoe noABeAeHHe Hioroa CToneiHn «peBonioi4MOH- 
Hbix*pe)KiiuoB-nBnneTCflxopoiiiHMHaHajiOMAnno6yMe- 
HMn. CrannH t3m nasaaH nanaHOM. 

M Kacrpo tOMte 

riepeaoA c aHrnMiicKoro: Bn. XoruoropcKMM 



-KAPTA' W38-4Q 2004 



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Akuuh e napuxfo 6 noCCepiKKy apecwoeaHHbix KytwcKux 

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aaimjMcnipanufi npamecma a BauiuHsiriOHe. CeHtnaOpb 2003 a 



Aumpuca KampuH /Jenea ia'iumaieaem 

nucbUQ npomecma 750 destmenau 

Kynbmypbt npomue penpeccuO hs Ky6e. 

Hapui*. C9«mj?6pb 2003 3. 



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31 Mapia 2003 rofla eoane noconbCTea Ky6bi 
B MocKBS coCTOflfiacb opraHM30BaHHan nuttop- 
MamiOHHWMareHTCTBOM«npiiMa»aKunnnpoTe- 
cTa npOTHB nornTviMeCKHx penpeccMM b aioii 
cTpane, b MacTHocTB. apecra KOppecnoHaeHia 
«npnMbi», nyeiiHCKoro flHccMfleHTa Aflonb0a 
[DepH3HAeca CaiiHua. 

Akumio nonbiTanncb copaarb KOMMyHwcibi, 
KOTOpbie npMLunw, ksk npeAnonaraeTcn, no 
npocbSe Ky6nHCKoro noconbCTBa. 

B opraHMSosaHHOM «npnMOfi» nHKere npw- 
HHJ1H ynacTMe TaK)Ke aKTMBHCTbi napTviM «?15ro- 
K0» M TpaHCHauMOHanbHOii paflMKajibHOfi naprviw 
(TPn). DuKeT^wKH flepmaoM noayHrw «CBo5ofly 
Aflo/ibti)0 ctepMaHflecy CaMHuyx. nCeoCofly no- 
ni4T3aKJiio^eHHbiM». «CiJba Si. Castro No». 

Aflonbtt)o OepnaHAec. 54 rofla, c2001 rofla 
paGoran co6cTBeHHbiM KOppecnoHfleHTOM arew- 
TCTaa ailpbiMax a TaaaHe. 

20 wapra 2003 roaa oh 6bin apecToeaH 
Ky6i*HCKow roc6e3oracHDCTbio. Ero o6BMHfl»OT b 
noflpwae KOMMyHMCTMHecKoro cipon Ha Ky6e. 3a 

mo OH MO«BT 6blTb npHrOBOpBH Ha CpOK flO 1 

nei nviiueHbtfl cBo6oabi 

B caMOM Ha^ane bkumm nHKeiMMKoa nonw- 
TanMCbBWTecHHTbKOMMyHHCTbi (oKoro 50 neno- 
bbk), Koropwe cranH paswaxMaaTb cobstckhmh, 
Ky6MHCKHMii v\ HpaKCKKMM cfinaraMH, bukpiikm- 

DaTb KOMMyHMCTMMGCKlie /lOSyHDI. 

Ha TpeSoeaHMe nHKep^KKOB otomtm KOMMy- 
HHCTu He pearMpoBariM. h TOjibKO BweujaTenb- 
CTBO MHHMutiM HpaaAdMnoi) MaHHCtiecraHTOB. 
MeJKfly KOTopwMH ywe Hananw BCnwxHBaTb no- 
TacoBKM. MMniiuMH He crana yaanRib KOMMyHn- 
CTOB c Mscra n^Keia, xota vix aKuvn ne 6bina 

CaHKMHOHMpOBaHa.OaHHl130praHl13aTOpOBKOM- 

MyHMCTMHecKoro nkntera Gun aaAepiKaH. 

MmpopMeuuoHHoe aseHmcmoo inpuMau 




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HpnHa XO/lMOrOPCKA?1 

KOrAA MEHTA CTAH0BI1TC$I 3AKOHOM 



Ecj7M 6bi Ky6HHCKoA peBOfiKJMHM He Gbino, ee ctohho 
6bi BbiflyMaTb. B nio5ofl wa comianncTHMecKnx peeonio- 
Muii 20 seKa 6uno mto-to ywacaioLiiee MnM HenpHrnn/itHoe, 
MTo-To coeepiueHHo HeJiMTepaTypHoe, He0OToreHHHHoe 
vim (tistantiHOO Ha mto mowho 6bina noKaiaTb nanbueM 
M cuasaTb: eoT fic^eMy Himero hb nonyHiinoCbi KySMMCKas 
peeoniomtn, HanpOTiiB. KaKnoaAHtiii vi niofiMMbiii peOewK. 
nojiy^Hna saMe^aTenbHuenoAapKii OTAoOpbix tpeii Qe- 
3yKopM3HeKHbix Jik^epOB (O, 6onbUioA OKzienbl 0. eenvi- 
kmB Me' O, nnaMeHHWH KawH/io!). 6naropoflHbie Haqno- 
H3jibHo-oceo6oAkiTenbHbieMOTt4Bbi,ocTpoBHoepacno/io* 
xeH^e pecnyGnMKh c npeKpacHbiM KTiKuarOM, aoSpyto h 
5oraTyK) TCTio a Jimje counanwCTH'HecKoro 5noKa. Bee 
aonwHO 6bino noryMnrbCR Ha 3tot pas: ecru Qbi6p3H 
aepHuA npMHu^n, CHCieMa oGnaaHa 6bina 3apa6oTaTb; 

eCJWI B03MO)KH0 C03AaHI4e paSBMTOrO C0UK3J1M3Ma B OT- 

AcnbKo BSHToP Hnujeii CTpaue peeo/iiOLjHOHHbJMH mcto- 
AaMM-TOBOTOH.LijaHC:ecnMecTbiv)eonorHn,cnoco6Han 
B KopoTKMi^ cpoK npcBpaTHTb pa6oB B Toc^of^ - :pi\ar eH B 
pyxMl KsK xo^ercn cnacrbn, Kair >Ka>KACTcn MyASI Aa cko- 
pee xe, cKopeS! 

BcnoMUHaercn neaaBHO yBHaeHHaa Tenenepefla^a, 
rfle B OAHOM H3 CKi«eTOB TeneapMrenefl shaKOMSiT c nyM- 
LUMM uo^enbepoM raBaHu. Oh xmbst co cTapenbKoA 
MaMoH Ha BTopoM 3Tawe KorAa-ro KpactiBoro. ho renepb, 
MFirKo rasopn, nyifuiaioiuerocn b peMOHTe aomb. loJibKo 
SnaroAapnTponkmecNOMpacTHiejibHocniHeBbuiaioiijero 
OKOKsarenbHOCBoeroBospacTa. SaHet^MeHtieMnp^cjiyrn 
(He no/ioxBHof) flsepb na nepBOM aiaiKe npuxoflHTcw 
OTKpWBaTb rocTjiM ari^HHOM pacTpenaHHoi^ eepeBnOH. 
npMBnsaHKoii Kpy^Ke. 'flepHki 3a BspeeoHKy, aitr uoe!» 
- noACKasbiaaer HeKCTBTH martasi naM»Tb. TaKvie accou^- 
aijtfH Bbi3Ban euje u bma caMoro MOAe;ibepa - orpouHoro 
^epHOK0>Kero KyduHua, OKpyiKeHHOro MepeantHo tmSkmum 
H KpachiBUMM AeayLUKaMii-MOAejinMM - oh KaK pas 3aH»i- 
MancB nx ApeccypoM. noAnyMOM cnyxHXia sana Toro xe 
Aoua, TAe KpacoTKM npoxajKHsariMCb no ii(ep6aT0My, no- 
KpbiTOuy rywauM KaweHHOMy rony. HeT, HMxaKOli i^epHy- 
XH,- BeribiKaH cnner, ACByLUKH cweioTCH-npocToaGcypA. 
PoTOMy HTo JiymUHPl MOfleobep raaaHbi. Hmbmho raKwe 
MkinueCLjeHKH. Henoxomne na ariiTKM m nyrariKM, Gonbiue 
roBopnr ywy h cepfluy, nan t3m na Ky6e h hto, Aa, onsTb 
KTo-TO yjieien (yn/ibin) c Ky5w M He AOfiBTen (He AonJiwn) 
AoAvepviKH, H0Mo>KeT6biTb, 3T0 wanoAyiuHMe HKopbic- 
TonK}6t<Bbie npeASTenn, ne nocTHrujHe cbohu cns6biM 
cosnaHMeu^e^ PeBo/iiouHM? 

BoT 0parMeHTbi sHaMenHToi^ peMM Kacrpo na cyfle6- 
HOM npoMScce b CaHTbnro-Ae-Ky6a s 1953 rOAy: 

«. .PeaonioqHOHHOenpaBHTenbCTBonpH noflflepx- 
Ke MapOAa m AOsep^H aceii HaiiMH nocne hmctkh y<^pe}KAe- 

HHii OT B3nTO^HHK0B H HpOAaiKHblX ^mHOBHMKOB HSMBA- 

jiBHHO npHCTynnno 6bi k nHaycTpnann3ai4Hw CTpanu... 

... PeBonrouHOHHoe npaBMTenbCTBO paspeiuHno 6bi 
WHJiHmHytonpofijiBMy. peiiJHTerbHOCHH3iiBHa50%nnaTy 
38 )KHnbe, ocBo6oAi4B OT Bcnxoro na/iofa aom3, saceneH- 
Hbie HXCoScTeeHHbiMti snaAenbuaMH... 

...Ky6a Moma 6bi o6ecneHHTb bcbm HeoQxoAXMwu 
Haceneni^e b 3 paaa 6onbiijee, hbm oho ecTb ceii^ac, 
nosTOMy HCT npMHHH pH/ih cyiuecTBoaaHiis HnineTw cpeftM 



ee cerOAHHUJHHx «nTeneft Pwhkh AonwHu nouvitbca or 
npoAyKTOB. KnaAOBue aomob AonjxHbi Sbiib nonnbi...» 

Mto-to crbimnTcn poflHoe b stoA necHe... 

•BaciOKHHKWfleHernnaTiiTb ne 6yAyT- Ohh hx GyAyr 
no-Jiy-4aTb! ...HKnCnocTpoHDxeneaHOAOpowHyioMarH- 
CTpan t Mocnaa — BacioxM, 3to - pas. Asa - 3to rocTHMnnbi 
M HeGocKpeSbi am pasMeiAeniiB rocTefi. Tpn - noA"nTHe 
cenbCKoro xoaniicTBa b paAMyce na TbicBHM xHnoMei- 

POB.-.I 

Ho Ocran - BenHXMii KOM6MHaTop. ro-npocioMy - 
wyriHx ApyroeAeno-nnaMeHHbiepeBoniouiiOHepw.npo- 
(t)eccHOHanbHbie puuapH. nanijenoTbi ohk cHunaTH'^Kbi, 
OTsajKHbi, 6ecKopbicTHW, OHH HCKpeHHe Hecyr nenyxy, 
BepjiT B wee h awawsaiOT BOOflymeBneHMe MiinnnOHOB. B 
CBoeM HHTepBbKD Ha Bonpoc TOM. KaK OH nprnuer k 
KOMMyHHCTHMecKHu y6e>KAeHHflM, OHflenb KacTpo OTae- 
MaoT: 4.ri, CKOpee, cneaoaan onpeaeneMHbiM sTHHecKMM 
HopMaw. Mne npeTHnw bopobctbo, 3noynoTpe6reHM(i m 
T.A. Ktomy jxenoenaAanSyHTapCKiiMxapaKTepoM... He 
HMen nonHTvmecKMx yCewyieHMH, ho eecbMa peiumejibHO 
HacTpoeHHwfl, n, kbk Aoh-Khxot, cra/i 6opOTbcn npoTHs 
Bcero STorow. ripaBAa, cuMnaTnra? Ho 6cpb6a *npoTHB 
Bcero 3ToroB nocne noSenw pCBoriouMH ne ocTaHOBH- 
nacb, npocTO pacuJHpmiticb rpannubi loro, npoTiiB nero 

HfKHO GMJIO QOpOTbCR! 000,3 nonanH If BCe MHBKOMblCiin- 

lilMe - KaK HH cTpaHHO. ko ^acTb H3 hmx Buna a npoiunoM 
copaTHHKaMM H eflHHOMbiiuneHHHicaMM tfiMAefis', Ha Ky6e 
ocrajiacb OAna napTMfl bo rnaae c oahmm bo^kabm h na 
eonpoc «KyAa mb lOAesa/iacb onno3nuMB?» KacTpo. ne 
saAyMWBancb, oTBe^aer: «... hmshho uaccbi npuiunH k 
BbiaoAy o TOM. HTO ace TpaAMynoHnwe wexaHnsMbi npaa- 
nennn. Mex3Hii3Mbi BnacTH viSMvinvi ce6n. M, ecTecTBen- 
HO, MM cornacMnMCb c stum Bceo6iunM HacTpoeHweM: 
"A'l" ''oro HyjKHW BweopwT M TorAa 6ypjKya3Hbie nonn- 
TH^ecdMe napTHH. bha" paA»iKanH3auHio peBo/rrounoHHO- 
ro npouecca tf HeaosMowHocTb B03BpaiueHHR k Tew uexa- 
HH3MaM, KOTopue cyiijecTBoeanu ao peBontoi^MH, craxiti 
Tepnib Haae>KAy BonbiuHHCTBo m3 hmx aaHSinocb 3aro- 
Bopm^'^ecKOH AenTejibHocTbK), ciano noKHAaTb cTpany. 
Tax npeKpaTuriM caoe cyLuecTBoaaHMe SypMcyasHue 
napTMM». Hy. oamh k OAHOMy - HCTOpHn npo yhiep- 
QftHUepcxyHDBAOBy, KOTop3n«caMace6jiBbtceKna» Bbinw 
BwSopbi - It BApyr cTa/in ne nywHw. SbiriM onno3niiH0HHbie 
napTHH - VI Bflpyr HCMesnii. Kacrpo roaopuT 06 3thx 

yflUBHTe/lbHblX COBblTMHX C HenOCpeACTBCHHOCTbHD TO nn 

peBeHna. to /in cyMacmefluuero. HaiiMHaeTcn nopaaii- 
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KOBapHoro ByproMHCTpa: <iFl BOAb ne o6b<aaTenb Kaxoit- 
Hii5yAb. a 6yprQMiicTp. R caM ne roaopro ce6e npaBAW y)«e 
CTOJibKoneT, HTO M3a6bin,Ka Kan 0Ha,npaBAa-T0. Mens OT 
Hea BopoTMT, oiLUBbipiiBaeTii (Ear. LilBapM "ApaxoHa). 

npocTo roBopHTb HenpasAy - Mano, hbao AenaTb 
3T0 TaK yeeanTenbHO, MTo6bi caMOMy b sTy HenpasAy 
noaepHTb. B stom yMenHM itMaenio hct paenbix, ero 
3HaMeHHTbie MHoro^acoabie pemi aoMGnpyioT vi cnymaTe- 
neii. K ero cauoro ropasao TiyMLue, neu ceancbi KaiunM- 
poBCKoro. 

Ho HTO >Ke aeJiBTb repoHM, kofab ohm noGexyiaioT, b 
KOHL;e kohuob'' HywHo cTpoMTb HOByio }«H3Hb, >4To yixe 



wiw una org 



122 



^ KPACHOE KDAECO 



COeceMwe raK HMiepecMo. Me reeapa 3T0 noMHwa/i, yiuen 
repoiScTBOBaTb;ianbiue,BnnoTbflocraBHoJirepoii4ecKOM 
KOHHMHbi. Me n»o6biw ro c:hx nop bo eceM MMpe. Otmenb 
npo»e»in oTBercTeeHHocrb no oTHomeHiiiK) k cDoeMy Hapo- 
ay (nfiH HeAOMwcnue no OTHOiueHne k ce6e?), ocTa/i'cB 
npaBHTb, crafi ByproMMCTpoM - H eroy)«eHenio5flT. ffle 
cnpaeeftnHBocTb? XopotUHft repoii - MepTBbiii repot*? 
ripocTO He repoJicKoe sto aeno - 3«OH0MHKa. BooAyiiJeB- 
i\eHV\e paHO mhw nosAHO KOHnaeTcn, xo^ercn npoCTO >KMTb 
H no>KMhiaTb o6eLi4aHHbie nnoAw. c KOTapuMH laK pas 
OKasanocb ace He tsk npocTo. BeAb oSeman KacTpo 
w36aBnTb Ky6y ot MOHOKynbtypw caxapa, KaK or 3na, 
HaeflsaHHOro HMnepna/incTaMii. He nony^wnocb. M o5e- 
maHHoe M3o6nJiMe npoflyiaoB HacronbKo He cocTonnocb, 
HTO npHiunocb BBOflMTb KapTtwHyio cHCTCMy. OCpasosa- 
HMe Ha KyCe nonyMHJiM 3a aro Bpeun uHJinHOHbi, ho 
cneuManwcTbi ne ny^Hw, noraa Bcrpane SKOHOMMHeCKHii 
Kpn3tic, rpycTHonepcHHCJitiTb. PoccMnwaceSeHcnbiTana 
nocnenpjBun coBercKOiA skohomwkm ki nepexoAHOro nepH- 
OAa c uwKOBofl TepanHeii, XoneTcn co^yBCTBOBaib. 

UtiTkipyeuan BbiLue pent OMAenfi KacTpo saKaHSHsa- 
OTCH croBaMM "HcTOpMR MOHfl onpaBAaeT». 3a hto? 3a 
repohmeCKhie MoHKBAy ^ njiaiin-XiipoH ahw 3a B3nTbit4 
nocne no6eAbi Kypc Ha com*anii3M? 3a saMMCTBoeaHHwe 
y coucTpaH np^eMb) 6opb6bi co cbohm napoAOM? 3a 
HfleonorHio, KOTopan paccMHiaHa ne na Jiiofleii, a na 
po6oToa, KOTopwe HWKOrfla ne coMHeBaoTcn, Koxopwe 
Moryr ne ecTb roAaMM, He cHMxcan np0M3B0AMTenbH0CTH 
rpyAa m npHCyrcTBiw flyita? 3a o^epeAnyio nonuTKy nocr- 
posHMfl pan Ha sewjie. 0Ka3aeuierocfi lynHKou? 

Eme OAHa npMue'^aTenbHan uHTara m3 toi4 we pe^M 
OMAern KacTpo xTeM, kto HaaoeeT mbhh MeiHTaTeneM, n 
OTBeMy cnoBBMH MapTH. "HacTOfimiifl Menoaeit He HiijeT, 
rue nyHiue jkhbctch. - oh hlubt, tag ero AOnr, h 3to 
efiBHCTseHHo npaitrmHbJk^ HenooeK, '^bn ceroflHuiuHnB 
MCMTa cTaner 3aBTpa 3aK0H0M'». 

HaaepHoe, KorAa Me^TaTenb craHOBHTCfi 3aK0H0Aa- 
TGneu, 3T0 eiue CTpaiiiHce, ^em cauan nunu-4naa TMpa- 
HHH, - TaM xoTb SHaeujb, c KfiM Mweeuib aeno h hto 
0)KMaTb. XoTfi 6bi HJiJii03kiii He HcnbiTuBaemb, m hb naflo 
nocTonHMO ■ nnaMeHerbn m repoMCTBOBaib. A y)K mto tbm 

BCRKMMpOMaHTHKaMMOXeTnpHATllBrOJIOBy'klHTepeCHO 

TOJibKOB nenaTHOM bmac. SaKOHOAaTejibAonweH kbn p33 
OinHMATb MeMTy ot peajibHOCTM, a «HaA BUMwcnoM 
cnesauki o6nMBaTbcni> - 3T0A0Ma, Korfla HHtao HeewflMT, 
Ox y* 3TM «cipoHTenii cBernoro Gyaymero* h *OTi4bi 
HapOAOB»! Bee OHM HaMMHaiOT c npHSbiBa "CBoSoAyli.a 
3aKaHHHBaioTHaca)KAeHMeMCBOiixHH0aHTHnbHbixnpeA- 
CTaBJieHkiS o rocyflapcTBe. nojinTMKC h 3KOH0MHi;e, yno- 
Ao6nfiocb flOKTOpy opaHKeniUTefiHy m3 npopoqecKOro po- 
Mana MspM lilenjiH! nacTbipHO BOnjioujafi 3aBeTHyio Me^- 
TyoBeMHOH>KM3Hn,co3flaK)TnpoTHBoecTecTBeHHoe»iyAO- 
BHine, HecymeecMepTb. MenOBeKHeMOJKeTBbiTbCBoSo- 
AeH, ecnti GoMTCfl BbicKaaarb caoe MHeH^e. ecn^ oh 5e- 
j\9H. a sMaMHT, aasHCHM 06u|ecTey uecBo6oj\»btx moAeA 
He flacT pa3BannTbcn roflbKO oGnsaTerbHaB ppa acex 
kiAeojiorvift, MTo caMo no ce6e npoTHBHO HenoseHecKoA 
npKpofle - npoTMBopeMUBOw h nio6onbiTHoii. flioCaH 06- 
mecTBeHHan vtAeonomn eme vt pa3sp3iiiaeT nau^K), no- 
SBOfiffl flenaib to, hto nMHHaB coaecTb, KOTopaB ecib y 
KawAoro. sanpeLijaeT. Ona Ka* HHAynbreHUHfi: coaepujaTb 
npectymeHMfi mo)kho, ho TonbKo bohma aenHKOii has^- 
EcTb ABa cnoco6a pasBnTb napn: 6bicTpbiH m AonrnM, 
B nepBOM cnynae AopowKM AenaiOTCn B cooiBeTciBMH c 
n/iBHOM. BO BTopou 0HI4 npoTanTbiBBioTCn caMH co6oi4. a 



noTOM SnaroycrpanBafOTCR, HeTpyflHOAoraAaTbcn, htob 
napKe. P336mtom no nnany. hbao k kbikaom tmyuSe oxpan- 
HHKa npHCTaannTb, noroMy ^^to hua^ hioSfit xoAHib raK, 
KaK HM yAo6Hee, a He Tax, ksk kto-to san/ianHpoean, 
pa3Me<HTaBLiJviCb. Mower, saAVMano h KpacHBo, kbk b Bep- 
cane, ho HewHSHecnocoSno Bot m npeapaujaeTcn 5naro- 
poAHbi(4 Me^Tarenb b 3no6Haro Apaxona. oxpauHioiuero 
CBOM BnaAeHHB ot Tex. ann xoro oh mx cosflan. «no 
raaoHBM ne xoAHTb!*, <Co6aK ne rynnTb!>, hjim KaK b 
cnynae c Ky60H - «CouMafiM3M wni* cMepTbi». 

B HaiueK HCTopHH, KpoMe ypOKOB PeBoniouHH (novi- 
AyrriHOHMHa noubsy Koraa-HtifiyAb?), ecTbOA^HSesyc- 

nOBHO nOJ1D)KMTenbHblii UOMeHT: 

«Ko8da 6binu nony^enhi ujeecmufi o Ky6unCK0Q pe- 
eonKJUUU. BeponeQuau npuujnocb cnpacumb ceSw, sde 
Hdxodumca Ky6a. u mym onu ornKpunu, «mo cymecmey- 
em 4acmb ceema, uueHyeMafi FlamuHCKou AuepuKoO. 
Toads oHu e« aauHmepecoeanacb. wava/iu uay^emb, 
cmapanucb nowwrnt ee. l^ cpedu MHoaux eemeu. Komo- 
pbie yme uMeiomcn e flamuHcxou AuepuKe, oKasanacb 
nvmepamypa. KornopyiQOHune3nanii...<y6uncKaf}p9ao- 
niou,uB nocny>Kuna nau spouoanacHbiu pynopoMx (faO- 
puorib fapcua Mapxec) 

Ha eaSanaMy^eHHoro epeueHM h coLtnajibHbix no- 
TpnceHHH BcerAa flpno h moiuho sanafineT ce6e nauHO- 
HanbHBfi xynbTypa. Becb Mttp yiHan M»irenn AcTypttaca, 
Xyana Pynb0o. Kapnoca (DySHTeca. Anexo KapneHTbepa, 
HMKonaca TttribeHa, }Kop>KH Awafly, Xyn»io KopTacapa, 
raCpne/in rapcua MapKeca, naC/io Hepyay... B KHHrax 
Ka«Aoro m hhx ecTb CTpOKM Kv6nHCKofl peBoniouiiH, 
*HAere KacTpo. Y oahhx - c nioGoBbK) h BOCxmueHHeM , y 
Apyrvix — cropeHbKr h HeroAoeanrieM... 

<EHAenb KacTpo - yHHKantHan (t)nrypa b mctophm. oh 
yuyApHJicfi aonnoTHTb b ce6e Tpn unocTacM npaBHTenn 
(no MyApoi^ nbece EBrsHiin LilBapua): JlaHLienora, Bypro- 
MHCTpa, ApaxoHa. B cxaaxe flanuenoT, yxoAn na noABiir, 
roBopHT: «3ii, au! He SoiiTecb. 3to mowho - ne o6M)t;aTb 
BAoe « cwpoT. >KaneTb Apyr Apya loitte moxho He 6ow- 
Tecb! >KaneHTe apyr Apyra. >KanefiTe - n aw 6yAeTe 
(MacTJiHBbi! HecTHoe cnoBO, 3T0 npaBfla, MwcTan npasAa, 
caMan Mucran npaeaa, xaKan ecTb na aeMne. Bot h ace. A 
n yxoicy- npoii|a(^Te». 

Bot rax Obi see n KOHHWJiocb! Vi MOJiOAwe Me h 
4>HAenb. ocjienHTcnbHO ynuQancb, Mauiyr na npomanMe 
pyxaMH! M-aanaBec! 

Ho 3TO y»e coBcew flPyrAfl MCTOPMfl. 




■KAPTA- Ml 38-40 lOM 



4 



nPABA 1EMBEKA 



123 



AEnAMy HTO nonxcHo 



Co JlbBOM JleBHHCOHOM, npaBosauiMTHH- 
KOM, 3KcnepTOM MHCTMTyra npae He/ioaeKa, 
6eceAyK>T AHApeii EjiHHyuioB, K>nMn Cepe^a m 
Cepreii Cmhphob. 

CeMbfl H MOHaiuecKan cpe/^a 

— K Meciy, B KOTopOM n Haxo)«ycb nocneflnne nei 
aecflTb. MCHR npviBena ceuetiHan HCTOpMR. CrpaHMbiMM 
3Mr3araMMnpviBena R pOAMUcn b Mocxae b 1963roay m 
poc c MaMOii. Ona 6bina peaainopOM xyflowecTBeHHoti 
jiMTepaTypbi, nepesoAH^KOM c MOn/iaBCKora m BOoQiije 
HHiepecHUM MenoaeKOM. 5nii3KMM k AMccwaeHTai/. 

K ceMM roaaw y MeHn 6unM cbom npeacTaa/ieHMfl o 
coBerCKOM ajiacTM. MaMa 5bma coeepiijeHHo aaneita ot 
nonMTMKH, MO o6majiacb (a cwny npMHanneJKHOCTM k 
nMTepaTYpHUM KpyraM) co MHorinMM rnoAbUH, KOTopue 
M/iH cawn 6bmM flHccHflCHTaMn (KaK fnaaoB m Cynep- 
4ii4H), M/1M npoxodHJiM «no KacaTejibHoii» a 6onbLuoii 
«KyxoHHoiliTycoaKe» yHacnocTosHHo5biaa;iMKaKne-To 
nMcaTeriH, b tom --iHcne HaL|HOHanbHbie, Hanptiwep, Apy- 
U3 - OK ceiiMac cran anocronoM MonflaecKOii nurepaiy- 
pw. 

Tax KaK Maua nonwMSHM npoBOA>^/ia e MojiAaBMi^, 
TO MSHfl BocnHTbiBana 6a6yuKa. EapeiiCKoe BOcnHTa- 
Hwe. coaepiueHHo He wyaawcTCKoe - coaercKoe. noc/ie 



CMepTH 6a6yiiJKii a 1974 roayMaMa coaepujMna HacTon- 
uvA^ pasBopoT: MeowHflaMHo npHiuna a npaaocnaBHe, 
KpecTHnacb, o6paTiinacb k aepe. ^o xoHua cboux anefi 
oHa aena )i<H3Hb MCTUHHoro xpHCTHattMHa. flna nee 3T0 
6wna nonHan nepeweMa, ona nonana e MOHamecKyw 
cpefly K wecTCMM oproflOKcaM 

— KaK Ha wee amo nosnuano? no3umueno unu 

— He 3Haio.,. flo MorMJibi ohm ee tohho flosenw 
paHbiiie apsMeHM. PaSoTy eii npumnocb ociaaHTb, ran 
K3K OHa 6b(n3 HecOBMecTMMs c penwt\ei\ - Bea>> uawa 
pa60Tana «Ha naeonom'necKQM ct)pOHTe», a wsflaTenb- 
CTBe eCOBCTCKHM HMcaTenbw. 

— Umo mawoe uoHaiuecKan cpeda a 74-tj? 

— MoHaiuecKan cpe^a cJopMafibHO 6biJia cocpefto- 
TOMSHa a TpoMne-CeprneBoii naape. Ha reppHTopHM 
PCOCP 6bin eine o/iiih MOHacTwpt — ncKOBo-fleMepc- 
KHH, B yCCP — rioijaeBCKan naBpa, b BCCP — )Kmpo- 

BMUKHM MOHaCTbipb. 

B TpOMLte-CeprMeaoM naspe k Touy BpeMdHki cno- 
xnnocb HeKoe cooSinecTso - na 0OHeoracnHaoM. octo- 
pcKHoiS Maccbi. n36MpaBiijeM MOHacTbipCKyK) cresio KaK 
KapbepHbiM TpaMnriHH, nocKOfibKy ronbKo b MepnoM ay- 
xoeeHCTBe mowho npoABiraTbCB no nepapxH^ecnoH ne- 

CTHMLfe. 

Toraa 3a npaBOcnaBMSM rpMcuaTpkiaanM . ho ickbos- 
Hhixn jaHMCTOK \A npocBeHUBaHnPi we 6bino. M bot, o6pa- 




riee JleeuHCOn 



wwwkvliorg 



124 



^ flOPTPEl 



soeanacb rpynna oneHb npaBMnbHux. c to^km ipet^kin 
florwaTrtMecKHx ycraHOBOK, annoib ao neTepnHMOcm, 
oTHOCMTenbHo MO/ioflbix CBflineHHocfiywuTereii, Han5o- 
Jiee ropuHwe M3 KOTOpwx Ha'nanii SyHioeaTb npgTHB kom- 
npOMHCCOB. paaapaTa. KOTOpwii tbm uapun (n flywaK), 
uapiiT yt noHbJHe). CKopo onvf nepeiunM Ha nonynoanonb- 
Hoe cymecTBOBaHHe. 

OflMH M3 HMx cTaji flyxoBMHxoM MoeS MaMbi. Torfla - 
^epOMOHax, Tenepbapx»iMaHApiiTAuBpoCMi^(IOpacoB). 
flyxoBHUK paflMo aPaflone*" OneHb Bhhsko mhb aHaxo- 
Mbiii MenoBSK. CKkirancn no pasHbJM MOHacTbipnM, npM- 
xoflBM. riocTaBHn ce6fl a nosy nponoaeAw^ita, anoCTOna, 
BHe OA05peHHbix Af^n coseTCnoM qepKBM ct)opM p860Tw c 

BHeiiJHHM MHPOM. BTOBpewH OHH 6binM HBTKO BWpOBHe- 
Hbl HTO MOJKHO, i<T0He/1b3B 

— HenpuMcp? 

— Herbsn 6bino KpecTWTb no flOMau, Henbsn 5bi;io 
nponoBeAoaaTb cBwiue onpeaeneHHoii nnaHKM, A y* 
nepexoflMTb Ha nonMTiiKy - tsm 6oJiee Henban, npono- 
BeAb Aon)KHa 6bina SuTb MaKCMuanbHo a6cTp8KTHa m 
nyviLue flawe, ecrm OHa 6yAeT nnoxoii. 

flpyr AMBpocHH, nepOMOHax riaeen (/IbicaK), tojks 
oabinerejiA v\3 TpOHue-CeprHesofi naapbi «3a »3nMiu- 
HKJK) aKTMBHOCTb» HeT, KOHenHo, Ha yjiwuy ero ne Bbirna- 
^M, a aanvf HarpasneH^e na np^xoA b BuHMMUMyio o6- 
/lacTb, OTKyAa oh 6bin poAOM. 3to 6bina (JJOpMa Msma- 
Hvifl Oh He noexan. ymer^ Ha A^o. 

3tmm ahom OKaaanacb Hauia KsapTiipa, tab oh xtMn 
oKono flecflTH nei. Paaann 6ojibiuyKi aimiBHOCTb a Moc- 
KBe, caw no ce6e 6wn HenoaeKOM necTHbiM. MCKpeHHUM, 
HO ynepTbiM. ^0 npsA^J^a ^orwaTviK Xota pytna y Hero 
Apyrafl. ho b ronoBe... kbk KnpnHH, Bee BCTano m ywe ne 
noBOpaMUBaercfl. M ace me oreu Daeen - npoiHBono- 
jioMHocTb AuBpocMK). Bmaho. no3TOMy Tenepb. KorAa 
uepKOBb MS roHMMOM npespaTtinacb e TopwecTByioiAyio, 
AMBpocMi^ «BnHcancn». CAenan Kaptepy. a HaBen tsk vi 
ocrancB «3a 6opTOH», 

— O KaKoQ MocKoecKoO aKmueHOcmu mbi eoeo- 
puaib? 

— B Te BpeueHa b xpaMax 6biJi3 TOJibKO ocJDMUManb- 

H3fl )«M3Hb. OSlMHHHOii - HB 6biriD. /llOAH. KOTOpbie HCKa- 



J1M cOA^pwaTenbHoi^ xpticrtiaHCKoA >km3hh (ne rojibKo 
BHemneM. a xpaue). KaK npaenno, ee He Haxoa,iAnvi. C 
nepBbix Mce net noflsneHiif) iiepoMOHaxa ^3 Hauien Ksap- 
Tkipu Qbina ycrpoena fanan aoQwyinnayt KaTaKOM6a». 
HcT, OH He BWLuen m3 PflU, h Bce ero npHxcwane xoa^^nvi 
npH^aiusTbcn a npaBocnaBHuii xpaM. Ho ohm 6bJnH ero 
AyxoBHbiMki HaAauK. kicnoBBAOBanviCb y nero. Caw me ok 
npMCTpoMJ^Cft MTeqOM a oa^h m3 xpaMoa. 

— 4meu - smo eedb KaKaa-mo unadiuan danx- 
Hocmb? 

— {Xa. HO He sanpeiueHo ti caniAeHHMKy n^TaTb. Oh 
rau BheiUTaTHo 6bin, Aenbr^ eMy 6binvi ne Hy>KHbi. K3m(- 
Ayio cy66oTy BeiHepoM, Ha ticnoeeAb, k hsm b KsapTvipy 
Ha6nBanocb ao nBTHAecnTM ^enoaeK. naaen 6bin unft 
HMX UBHTpoM npMT«)KeHviH. npH^eu MHoro 6bino vtsaeoT- 
Hbix nH3A€vi, npoABhiHyTbix, o6ecne'-icHHbix, KOTopbie ero 
MarepHa/ibHO noaAep«nBann. 

Koro Taw To/ibKo ne 6Mno! Domhmo. raM, flMperro- 
pOB Mara3HHOB, bcskhx renepanbCKHX >i;eH y Hero nepe- 
6biaa/ia wacca napoAy neoHWfl flepSeneB, KownosnTop 
BnaAi^Mbip MapTbiHOB. n^aHHCT AneKceii JIioQmmob... 

— Umo ux ecex npumasueano? 

— Bo-repebix. euy AOBepflnvi. Bo-aropux, oh a^- 

aa/l A0CTaTO'4HO BblCOK^li HpaBCTBBHHbl^. peJ1l1tM03HblM 

nopor. no-BMA>*MOMy. nx np^sneKaji^ raK^e xteciKVie 
3aAaMn. B nnaHe cneAOBaHMs bcbm ycTanoajieHMnM. 

— Hoe maKOiJ Keapmupe donmno 6bino 6bimb oko 
Sojibtuoso Bpama. 

— EcrecTBeHHo, flosTOMy oh Hcen e Konqe kohliob. 

— A mbi-mo K 3mouy cau nax omHocuncn? 

— fl nonawany conpoTMB/mncn bcbm stmm aemaM. 
M/Tb-HyTb noBspocnea, toasm k AsenaAuaTH, cran rny- 
60KO aepyomuM nenoaeKOM. y nac c MepowoHaxoM Obinn 
pacxoiKABHMn. Oh aoo6uie Bce c^i^Tan HenptteujiewbiM. 

AB.HanpMMep.KOCAaneTBOAHHHaAuaTbHayiHuncn 
caMOCTOHTenbHo nepeAawraTbcn no ropoAy. cian neno- 
BBKOM o'^eHb Tearpa/ibHbiM. vi KHKaKoe uoe npasocna- 
Bhie He Memano aiOMy. 

R noTOM H paSoTan nanoe-To epsM^i b rearpe. flnn 
MeHH VI flo CMx nop reaip - cpeAOTOiiie KynbTypw. a to m 
KynbTa.OH)Kec^nTaji,'<TOTeaTp-5ecoBCKoeTop)KMU4e. 





ApxuMat4dpum AuepocuQ (lOpacogj 



TpouujB-Cepaueaa naepe 



■KAPTA' NI3»«) 20M 



4 IFUR lEJtIBEIA 



125 



He Mory manoaaTbCB. oh mmc 5bi/i (faKTMnecKM aa orua, 
nonHOCTbK) o5ecneHHBan mok) )KH3Hb, 

B Te cOBercKMe speueHa stu QiipeKTOpa MarasKHOs 
HHOrfla npHHOCunM yAHBHTejibHbie BeiUM. Dopoii OCct- 
pHHoii xonoAnnbHMK Cbin 3a6nT Ho oh hc e/i wnca, h b 
;iOMe He 6bino unca. Bee nocTbi oh cbato coG/niOAan. B 
TO epeun nttpomoK c m^com 3a 10 KonceK mhq 6bi;i 
/lopo^KB '^epHoii MKpbi! SanpeiHbiH nnoA... 

EcrecTBeHHO, b Haiiieti «KaTaK0M6H0M oGmHHe» 
6binM cTynai-iH. Kto - tovho ne jHaio, fla m ne HMeeT 
3HaHeHMn. Hapofly Mepea sry KsapTHpy npomno - cothh 
He roBOpn y)Ke o tom, '4to oh tsm Kpecmn, HaeepHoe, 
MenoBSK CTO. 

— Kax - Kpecmun? 

— norpyweHweM. KynMn and STOro 6onbLuoH Haflye- 
HOH6acceMH' HeKOTOpweniofliionacan*icbi(pecTHTi.cfla 
uepKBM - MbiHOBHiiKM, HanpMwep. Ca^h renepan Aa>Ke. 
noMHK), 6bin 

B KOHCHHOM CNGTe, Haujy KBapTMpy <^yTb mi He 
LUTypMOM 6panH He nouHK) eecb cueHapiAM b Aeiannx, 
MeH»i He 6binD Tor;ia b MacKse. a Maua Owna b woHacTbi- 
pe. OTeuflaBen 5wn SKBapTvipe oahh. BhjUmmo, npearo- 
naran, 4to 3a hum cneaflT. KeapTMpa hb nepaoM 3Ta*e 
KxpyiijeBKKH. Oh BOKHoyBkiAen— /)OMOKppKaiOT rioseo- 
HM^M B flBspb Oh He cran oTKpwBaTb, 3aTanncfl. Ohh 
fle)Kypiinn rpoe HnH MeiBepo cyroK, aeepb /lOMarb ne 
CTanM. KajKflbie nonnaca sbohmjim, no IS MUHyr aaBM/iM 
Ha KHOnKy sBOHKa. TerectiOH otkjuohmjih. 

— Hoe 3mo Me epoMu k neuy donxHbi 6binu niodu 
npuxodumi, ? 

— /lioaeM ocTaHasji^Banti, aaAepiKHBanM. noTou 
OTnycKanw. Hotom oh KaKHM-TO oSpaaow cyMen coo5- 
wyTb ana eoniOB, uto npoMcvoAMT, h yiKe hmkto ne 
npHxoAMn. Hy m oaHaiKAbi HOHbio euy noxaaa/iocb. hto 
Bce HOpuajibHo, HHKoro HCT. Oh Bwiuen - vi ero cxsaivt- 
nn. Mecstua ^epea nonropa cyflnnw 

— OueHb 6bicmpo! 

— fla... EMy HHKpMMMHupoBajiH He KaKyio-To nonn- 
TMKy. ao^eHb npocTyrocTaTbto: HapyiuenMe nacnopiHoro 
peiKviMa. 

— He cyuenu cdenantb nonumuieCKoe deno? 

— CKopee, He xoienw paaayBarb. Ho see pasHo tsm 
3ByHaro npo Bm-Bm-Ch. npo «ronoc AMepnt(n». B cya 
KaKMx-To KOMcoMonbueB HarHa/iH, KaK oSu'^ho. Hann 
eMy 1 MecHuea, KOTOpwe OH Bce necTHo oTCMflen. C Tex 
nop ubi He o6mani4Cb. 

HoHeMy-Toy Herocno>KMfiocby6e>KfleHne,4TOB3Ty 
KsapT^py euy Henb3Fi sosBpauiaTbcn. Oh ceM^ac xc^Ber. 
3ApaBCTByeT. MoKeT 6biTb. peaQkmKrTMpoBaH. Ho tbk 
HMrfle n Me cnywtwT flyMao, naKoit-To npyr 5/iM3Kitx nio- 
fleii y Hero ocTancn. VsKMiS Kpyr rex, kto coxpaHn/i eMy 

BepHOCTb. 

yHe6a B lUKOJie n pa6oTa b qepKBH 

— B fleTcrae ft Me 4MTan aercKHx KHHr. 4to. naaep- 
HOe. He ecib xopoiuo. KoraasbiyMMncHHMTaTb./iocTaBan 
H3 uauviHOTO KHMXHoro LUKacJia no^ipnA Bce KHMm. Ho 
npHKnioMeH4ecKMx cpeflH hhx ne 5biJio. rioTOM, noBspoc- 
nea. oneMb MHoro HHTan xpMCTnaHCKOM nmepaTypbi. Ha 
MeHfl OKaaan Bofibiuoe snunHne /lea ToncTow, n h ceii- 
'^ac OTHomycb k newy c 6o;ibiiJHM no'^TeHnew. riepeiH- 
ran Bcoero HpaBCTBeHHyio niireparypy, see ero y^eMiifi. 
fl npenpacHO noHHMan ace ero pacxoKQeHMn c uepKo- 
BbK). HO AJifl Menu oh;i 56I71H hecymecTBeHHbi. 



— A ujHona ? 

— flo 6-ro Knacca y MeMfl Swjim TonbKO nnTeOKM. B 
LUKony n t^iainn^ecKii nepecran xoflMJb Knacca c ceflbwo- 
ro. y Mens Bwno B0o5iue-To cna6oe SAopoBbe, BoneJi, 
Span cnpaBKM b nonnnnHHHKe, a lUKo/ie mchh Mame acero 
we Bviflen^. Ho n iviTan Maccy ecero flowa - ace, hto 
momho Sbino M HTo Henb3n. Hanp^iMep, uaiwia xyniina 
AopeBomoMnoHHoe K3AaHMe nonHorocoSpantid coHKHe- 
HMH BnaflWMMpa Cepreesn^a ConoBbesa - n nepenHxan 
Bce. CeiliHac 6bi Menn He aacraBuriM. 

— Kon(pnuKmbi c ywmefjfiMu u3-3a maKoeo neo- 
dbiHHOzo BOcnumaHun a OKonoduccudeHmcKOu. oxono- 
uepKOBHoQ cpede 6binu? 

— B 4eTBepT0M unacce, Koraa 3th npeACTaBnenHfi 
yxe co3penn, 6bm laKoii snuaoA: n na rnasax y acex 
copBan c ce6n nnoHepcKMH rancTyK, hotom cnycmn ero 
B yHHTaa 

— S KaxoM sody? 

— B 1973-M. 

— Bbinu nocnedcmeuft? 

— MaMy BbiaaaiiM b lUKony, ho ona He noiuna fl 
flywaio, 3T0 no-AerCKM npomno. Eme a BOCbMOM unacce 
6b)n 3a6aBHbii4 sn^aoA. oh nOTOM noBjmnii na Mon Aanb- 
Metiiuyio cyflbBy o^eHb CMeiuHbiM o6pa30M. KaK-ro hb 
ypoKs o6iKecTBOBe;ieHua aaAanui HanMcaTb coMMneHHe. 
MeTbipe rewbi Ha auSop: aee n3 hhx Kacanncb 6pe>KHeB- 
CKHx eljenHHbiH n «Mano*i aeMnn», TpeTbB - b tom we 
ayxe. 4eTBepTafi - bMto Aana coBercKati anacrb aauieii 
ceMbe?». 

H ran paaoujencn! FlpMHeM na nonnoM cepbeae. He 
noMHfO y>Ke. mto KOHKpeTHO n Taw Hanncan, ho tpsktbt 
ewiuen cosepiueHHo aHTMCOBSTCKHH, cTpawHu nacopoK. 
a KaK sacen ciposHTb, iicnneBan coecTCKyio BnacTb. Kax 
Mor, cnoKOHHO nooier h cflan Mto Hananocb - cTpauiHo 
ce6e npeAtrraBHTb! y4MTenbHnua no6e«ana tt Awpetrro- 
py Menn Bbi3Ban», n nprnuen, flupeKTOp 6biJi xopoujHii 
MyxHK, Hona Hero, bhahmo. KTo-TOAaBun. Kopo^e, Kyaa- 
To OHM 3T0 fle/10 3acyHynn, aaMnnii, Koneu ceMMAecnibix 
- TO eme bpsmh .. Bo wHoroM b ciiny sToro b tbk m 
ocTancn 6e3 Buctijero oOpasoaaHMn. 

— flo^euy? He danu cdamb 3K3aMeHbi? 

— KorAB CABBan AOKyweHTbi e JlnTepaTypMbifl hm- 
cTHTyr, MCHFi 4epe3 aMaKOMoro npiirnacnnM k petrropy h 
CKaaann: Mu Bac B3flTb ne mojkcm, BaM naAO b rexHii- 
lecuHfi nocTynaTbw, A b TexHWKe n Bwn n ocTaiocb non- 
HbiM Hynew. OTcoaeTOBanH. ?1, coScTBenHO, He oi^eHb 
nepejKHBan w peiiwn M36paTb uepKOBnyio CTeaio rione- 
My-To (6 CMny cbobm AypocTn , naaepHoe) cMHxan, ito yw 
B ceMUHapMto-To MHe HMKio He noMeuiaer nociyriMTb, 

— A nowMy Mce moada cna^ana noiuen a flumepa- 
mypHbiu? 

— floTOMy HTo a VI3 TeaTpa ne BUJiesan. y Menn 
TOffla KABOftnan xM3Hb» 6una. 

— Hucar wmo-mo? 

— Oil, fiocTOBHHo! Ctwxm, npo3y. HwrAe He ne^a- 
Tan, A uepKOab,,. C cewHaAUaTvi net h ywe HMTan e 
noAMOCKOBHoii uepKBM B ccne PaxManoBO. rae wMn y 
3HaK0Mbix. Bce cny>K6bi anan H3H3ycTb, B o6ujeM. asun 
peKOMeMAaMMM or CBmneHHHKa vi noiuen nocrynaTb e 
cewMhapt^K). 3to, noweHHO, 6wno coBcew aBcypaHo, 
ceMMhapufi - eme 6onee HfleonorMnecKnii uncTHTyr 

Ho fl ayMan - noiewy ne nonpo6oBaTb? rioCTynan 
ABa pasa GuenoK tsm ne craanT, OKSauenbi TaKiie: 
nano)((eHne, co5eceAOBaHne, mto-to aneMenTapHOe. 



4VIIW l(ir1a org 



126 



4 



IDPIPET 




o. AneiecBHdp MsHb, o r/ie6 fl«yHUH 1963 a . Ana6una. 
Womo B. Andpeeea ua 6u5nuomeKu o. BKoea Kpomoea. 



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0. rm6 PxynUH. 2003 3. Oomo o Hxoaa Xpomoea 



HeAenio tsm iKviseiub, oSmaeLUbcn. 06a paaa He nocry- 
ntin. 

— B Tpouue-CepBueay naepy? 

— ^^. e MocKOBCKyio ^yxoBHyio ceMMHapHK). Ho a 
npoAon>KaJiaKTtiBHO3aH»iMaTbC>'caMoo6pa30BaHiiieM, b 
ryuaHHTapHOM njiane. xota bi hg no bccm HanpaeneHH- 
FiM, o neu ceii'^sc xaneio. ^sukm a Msy^an TonbKo Apea- 
Hue.HanpMHep. fl Hcef^iacMoryEBaMreniieno-flpeBHe- 
rpeHeCKki npo<^MT3Tb, xoTH y^fi neuHoro noA^aSbin. 

Kor^a n He nocryniin e hhctmtyt m b ceuiiHaptiio, 
yCTpo^ricn b MOCKoacKyio uepicoBb AaP>^3h3 m HaTanMn a 
hocHHKax H npopaBoran raw oKono uiecTn ner, Ms JIocm- 
HOK Mend 5yKBanbHo Bbinepnvi - hst. He noTOMy, hto » 
ueu-To He ycTpaMBan. OTHomsHMn Sbin^ aaMe^aTenb- 
Hwe VI c HacTonieneM. w c KJiMpuKaMw. 

KcraTbi, TOfAa a uepKBH anrMceMviTviaMa hohth He 
Sujio. OHSHb MHoro BbiKpecTOB-eBpeee paCoianoB flaT- 
pwapxHn, y MeHH flpyr 6bin Bonoan Jlee — 4hctokpob- 
Hbiki espe^, MHoro neT pa6oTafi rnasHbiM ncanoMuuiKOM 
a HoBOAeBM^bew. Ho hbm noKOn ne flaeann - a npRMow 
cMwcne, Oahh roa flawe nprnunocb MHe MWTb b rnyxovi 
AepoBHS B MBaHoecKoiio6nacTv... 

flecRTb KMnoMerpoB nemKou no CHery ao UMBMnM- 
saijHM. Mu Tau co CBniuenHMKOM gu/m (fiaimiHecKii babo- 
eM.npMxo»(3H-flBeCTapyiu(n. HecxontKoneTeMocKBe 
B cTOpO)Kax CH/]en no pasHbiu KOHTopau. nviTan khmmcnh. 

B 1987-M vi3 narepn BunycTvin^ TneGa HaBnoakma 
F^KyHMHa. VI Mu BcrpeTMnMCb. 

C riie60M flKyHHHbIM 

— Korfla ero nocafltuiM, a eme ManenbKHM 6bi/i, 
MoKHO cKasaTb. 3Han ero aao^Ho: co6vipanH euy nocun- 

KM B biHblKMaH. 

— nocbinnu a xaKoQ cpede co6upanu? 

— B Ai^ccHAeHTCKof^. M a i4epK0BH0{4. KorAa PreS 
Bbiujen Ha caoSoAy, noAMocKOBHbiM MviTpononMT iOse- 
Ha/iMM Aan^My npuxofl BoaneHenKOBO. scene >Kerano- 

BO, BTOpblM CBflOieHHMKOU. 

— S mo speMn ^e 6t>ino yxe ozpanu^BHuQ na 
uecmo jxumenbcmea? 

— >KMr-TO OH B MocKBe, HO cnyxMTb B CTonwLie eny 
He aanti. BoT noA MockboS cnocoHHoe mecto, >Kerano- 
BO. Mepes Mecnia nocne TOro, iok oh Tyaa npimieJi, tbm 
OK33ancn n. 

Bpeuena SbiJiti Apyr^e. ueiifl oannM b luraT. H tbm 
npopa6oTan neTbipe rOAa. C r/ie6oM wbi Sbicrpo naiunvi 



o6miiM fl3biK. B 1990 roAy oh CTan AenyraTOM BepxoBHO- 
ro CoBCTa h oineHb mchh seaji noinrti k neMy paGorarb. 

Ho y Menn HMxaKOro HHTepBca k nojiMTviKe He 6bijio. 
Mhc Gbino MHTepecHO oSiuaTbCo c hum kbk c n^^HocTbio, 
HeopAHHapHbiM cBfiLi^eHHocny^KviTeneM. Ho hath b Bep- 
xoBHbiti CoaeT'.. 

n He noiuen. Oh noKHHyn >KeranoBO, rAe ero ene- 
ereTepnenM (KcraTvi, ymenOH Bce-TaKMBnonneMvipHo), 
nonnra'HecKHxnponoBefleAoHTaMHenpoMSHocun. flpo- 
CTo 6bin HenpuBTeH bcbh tom KOxuie, Hepea Mecwu yuen 
via. 

K TOMy BpeweHM B ywe 5bin coBepiueHHo nepeniini- 
osHbtM nenoseKOM. Ao cmx nop xopoiuo or ho my Cb k 
MHCTMTyry uepKBH ksk AymenoneMHTenbHOMy. xorn. ko- 
HCHHO, OH MoweT 6biTb pasHbiM. KaK, CKaxeM. nctixHaT- 
pi^MecKafl 6onbHMi4a uoNteTQbiTb mhfko^, nonesnov^ kjim- 

HHKOM. 

Kpoue Toro. uepKOBb snaMHua KaK HBKan Kyjibiyp- 
Has MeHHocTb. fl HM B KOBM CTiy^ae Me xo^y sto c5pacbi- 
esTb CO CHBTOB. Ho. paQoTao e uepKBH AOnro. n, kbk hh 
napaAOKcanbHQ say^iHT. cran cosepiueHHo HeaepyKimviM 
HenoseKOM, KaKoauM v ce^nac ocraiocb. 

HeT c 13 AO 20 fl Bce coSntOAan, npOHHran Bcex 

CBOTWX OTUOB, Ka- 
KHX TO/lbKO 6W/10 

MO>KHO, - rpe^ec- 

KHX, pOCCi^HCKMX, 

am 0Tb AO MfHa- 

THfl BpOHMaHHHO- 

Ba. Bce aanoHcne- 
KTHposan Oaho 
apeMR n ABXce sen 
HeocpHunanbHbie 
Kypcw - flVcTaB 
uepKOBHofi cny)K- 

6bl». HeCKOnbKHX 
HbinejJHMX CBH- 
lUeHHMKOBBbiy^Hn 

BorocnymeCHOM 
nayKe - jiiiTyprii- 
KOM Ha3biBaeTcn. 
Ho speueHB 
MeHflfiHCb, uep- 
KOBb cTaHoannacb 
rocy Aa pCTae h h bi m 

HHCTHTyTOM, HO 




LiepKoeb BoauBCOHUP rocnodmi 
MocKoecKafi oSnacmb. c PaxtneHoeo 



-KAPTA- )« 38-40 20W 



4 IPABA 4E/0BEKA 



127 



KpaHHCM Mepe. crana npeTeHaoaaTb Ha 3T0. v\ TfT we 
6biJia 3aKniOHeHa a o6bn-mn anacivi. 3to mnc npeTMT. 
HeT, fl Hn c KCM He ccopwncn, Menu u,snv\nv\ KaK cneuna- 
nviCTa. KOTOpbiA ntoOyiO cnywQy mqikst cnacTM, Aawe 
ecoH xop He npHfler. h k riacxe noarOTOBMTb xpaM aa 
nonqaca. 

— Ta/f vmo )Ke cmano peaiaioimjM mo/T'*KOM k 
meoeuy yxody? 

— MaaepHoe. KOr^ia BbJiue/i cJiMj^bM «l^Mcyci> - mji^ 
«Mncyc H3 Ha3apeTa»? - coaepiueHHo fle6nnbHbiki 
ctiHntiM, no-MoeMy. Oh men bo BCex KHHOTearpax Mock- 
BbiiiaLi(enKOBo(3TopnaoucuepKOBbio,rxteRpa&OTaji) 
- eoceMb ceaHcoB b asm. 

6 uepKOBb no3BOHMna avfpeKTop KHHorearpa \n roBO- 
pviT. Mon, gariomKa ywe BUCTynan. He Mornii 6bi renepb 
Bw BbicrynnTb nepea ceaHCOM'' Menu sto noKopQewno. 
fl nOHsin. see, BpeweHa n3MeHnnMCb. BwcrynaTb h ne 
cia/i, l^ BCKOpe noc/ie sroro cwbuiM OTryaa. 

— Omeu rne6 - any6oK0 eepytcmuO ^enoeex? 

~ fla. Ho a6conioTHo He florwaTHMHwii, o^eHb cbo- 
6oflOMb<cnBLniitH.OHBepytoiuMM.HoeroBepa coaepuieH- 
Ho He nofl>JkiHeHa HMKaKHM oKoaau. ycj^oeHocrnu. Oh 
HMKaKMx nocTOB He co6jiK>AaeT. OTKpoeeHHO. 

— M npmoManeM aosopum? 

— Her, HB roBopnT. To ecTb roBopHT rew. icto 
cnocoSen 3to yc/ibiiiiaTb. Hto oh, 6a6yiuKe 6yfler roao- 
pHTb? Oh OMeHb npasMnbHUM b stom cMMcne B huhslij- 
ne^ no/iHTiiKe ewy wecra hbt. jia v JOTRa. b ha^a^e 
flBBBHocTbix, OH, flyMao, 80 MHoroM oiuii6ancfl. He xol^y 
ero Hfleanki3VipoBaTb. xora ouenb yeaMiaio 

B Tearpe 

— B 1990 roAy » nona/i b reaTp riorpeSHHHug, 
nynumii, n CMMraio, a MocKae. Tor^a oh Ha3biaancfl 
«TeaTp na KpacHOii npecHe». ceH^ac - «TeaTp oKono 
floMa CTaHMCnaBCKOrow. 3to - BertHKHM pe>KHccep. 

OneHb saMKHyTbiiii TearpanbHUM wwp cTpom, opu- 
mHanbHwii, Mbicnm oSpaaaMM tsk^u^ norycTopOHHH- 
mm: y Hsro Bce xdabt b eaTHMKax, b BaneHKax Ha cqeHe, 
Aa)Ke Koraa rawnera i^rpaor. KcraTH, ubi aeaeu nepera- 
Bopb<, HToObi oflMH era cneKiaKJib a 30He noKaaarb B 
OCHOBHOM y Hero flOBontHO TpyflHbie cneKTannn. ann 
noflroTOBfieHHbixniofleH.MbiHaiurM eonee-Menee «Hne- 
HopaaAe/ibHbikin Ann CBCMero HenoeeKa - no iiJlecyB 
OcrpoacKoro, Ha3biBaeTC(i «HywHa rparviHecKan axTpii- 
ca». PasbirpbJBaeTcti 33KaMH. ms cuene oahm MyxviKM. 

— Hosodu. a KBM rribi 6un s meampe? Heyxenu 
aicnepoM? 

— fla MfiT. 6bin 0(t)0pMneH nowapHWM. a yfloCTOBe- 
peHMe awaanii — «aAMMniicTpaTop». KcTam, Bopmee 
BanepMM BacHnbeBM-J , woii 6yAymnM met}), HscKO/ibKO 
paHbuje. B80-e roflbi. ioms pa6oTarno)KapHbiw BTeaTpe 
Ha TaranKe, Koraa ero 3a ynacTMe s (ftOHfle ConwenHuw- 
Ka M3 )KypHanHCTOB BwrHaxin. 

A fl xoflMn B cBOJi Teaip nocroBMMo, awfle/i ece 
aecnTKM pas. y wenn tbm Apysbfl 5nn3KMe paCoraiOT. 
rne5 Mend a ly nopy 3ktmbho sea;) a BepxoBHbiw Coaer. 
a n BMecTo BepxoBHoro CoBeia noiuen b Tearp h pa5o- 
Tan TaM roAa nonropa. Mhb o^ienb floporo epewn, 
KOTOpoe H npoee/i a Tearpe... 

B BepxoBHOM Cosere 

— Ha nepBOM roay Moevi xmshh e rearpe rne6 
flKyHMH MBHn Bce-TSKH ynoMan. Oh roaoputn «noMomb 
Hy)KHa! noHorn xoth 6bi c noHToCi pa36npaTbCn!» 




,..■-' jpuana u Hamanuu. 
MocKoecKaa o6iiacrnb, c. }f(esar}oeo 

CKOpo n nonyMMn KHuMSHKy noMoinHnna HapOAHoro 
flenyraya BepxoBHoro CoBeia. XoflK/i pas a Heflenio b 
Benwii aom, V r/ie6a law Swn HacTonuwili Ka5nHeT, oh 
6w/i saMecTMTe/ib npeAceAarenfl Kommtbts no CBoSoAe 
coBecTH,BepoMcnoBeaaHkinM,MMnocepAMK)H6naroTBO- 
purenbHOCTM! TaKoe Sbiro nasaaHMe. 

DpeAce^iaTeneiu 6bJn hs Menee MSsecTHbiii >ieno- 
aex, oreu SH'^ecnaa rionocMH. no3)Ke nepeujeaujuM a 
v\cr\au. ToMte nH><HOCTb opurtiHanbHan. EAt^HCTseHHwA 
iiaeecTHbiH une npoTOMepeA. nepeiueAUJMki a McnsM. . 

Hy BOT, CKOpo n cran npMxoAHTb flaa pa3a a neae- 
nio, noTOM npoBDAtin TaM yme m BbixoAHbie. a CKopo 
CBo6oAHoro BpeMBHM Boece »e ocTanocb. 

M3 TeaTpa ymen. flywad, npaaaa, hto Ha Bpewn, 
aaite saHBfieHMe ocTaann, wto b cooTBeTCTBHn c aano- 
HOM o cTaryce aenyraTa nocne onoHHaHiw ero nonnoMO- 
HHM n. KaK 6biBUJHM noMou4HMK, Mueo npaao BOccTano- 
BHTbcn Ha npeMHeA paSore. 

TonbKO oSbCM pa6oTbi eo3/ie TaKoro aenyraTa, xax 
rne6 flKyHMH, oxasancn orpowHbiM: aanTb xotb 6bi nepe- 
nMCKyc33KaMH, flpmujiocb BHUKaTt, nsy^axb npo6/ieMy, 
KASBflHocTo TpeTbewy roay c yine npno6pen HeKOTopwe 

n03HaHHfl B 3aKOHOA3TerbCTBe. 

— Mno!0 6bmo nuceu? 

— KorAa n npmuen. wa crrone ne»ana orpoMnan 
ropa noHTbi, wexoMy aawe Qbijio pacnenaTaTt.. B aeHb - 

HBCKDJlbKO aeCflTKOB nMCSM. 

riocTeneHHo n noHnn. hto 3aK0H0flaTenbHafl pa5o- 
Ta B HOBWX ycnoBunx MMeeT CMwcn. HepawM cepbe3HUM 
onbiT0M*MB0Mpa50TbicTan 1993roa.KorAa6b(nanpea- 
npHHBTa nepBan nonbJTKa n3MeHHTb 3aK0H 1 990 roaa «0 
CBo6oae aepOHcnoBeAaHHkin. 

MocKOBCKan naTptiapxMn saaeiicTBoaana onpeAe- 
neHHbie CMnu a enbMUHCKOH aaMMH^CTpauMii, 3to uino 
npifi no/viep>iKe XacCynarooa. TonKHynti HOBbiH sskoh 
aO CBo60Ae coaecTM m penkirM03Hbix opraHM3amiRx», 



wwwMnaCrg 



12B 



4 HDPTPEl 




nonocuH Ami Baiecnae 



ero npMHfln Bep- 

HOBHblA COBST 

TneB B03r;iaBnn 

OnnOSHMHKJ 3TOMy 

3aK0Hy. 

— A umo 
maM 6bino nnoxo- 
zo? Kax e sbkohb 
1997 aoda - pa3- 
denenue la mpa- 
duuuoHMbie u ue- 
mpaduuuOHHbie 
penvzuu'> 

— rio cyTM, 
AS. nocaoes koh- 
uenuMM 3TM 3a Ko- 

Kbl nOXOMCM, XOTfl 

saKOH 1993roflaHe6wjiCTonb)«ecTKMM,KaKMbiMeujHMii. 
(SaxoH 1990 roaa BOoGiue 6bin HaHJiM6epanbHeiiLiJkiM). 
H cyTRaMM cHflen. roTOBHnM BcnKne SyMarw. B npa- 
BOBym npo6neMaTMKy CBoBoflbi cobbctm n BOiuen no/i- 
HocTbK), a coflepwaTejibHan mhc Boo6me noHnTKa, n 
penMrwo3HOM reMoii oneHb xopomo anaAen. M tipefl- 
craeneHiie o flpyrux KOHCtiecCTFix nwen, a 4to He anan - 
npoMHTar. 

— /lea. [iseuHu, maKOu xaeepaHwO eonpoc. noMoe- 
no nu meSe mo. uma mu 6un eepytofuUM? 

— Aa, noMorno fl, c oflHOfi cropOHW, Hwen onwr 
BHyrpeHHeH pennrno3HOH «h3hh h shsji ee, a c flpyroS 
CTOpOHw, n Ha pe/inmio CMorpe/i wsBne, OTcxpaHeHHO. 

— FnasaMU ceemcKoao •4enaeeKa? 

— fla, y Mens Me Sbino HHKaiHX BuyrpeHHHx TOpMO- 
308, Mon, Hexopomo o6M«aTb «cbomx». 

rne5 anyHHH cran ^neHOM Kommcchm no paccneao- 
BawMto npHi^viH w o5cT0HTe/ibCTB TKMn m SyKsa/ibHO 
sacen b apxtiaax Kr&... KaK 3to aeflOMCTBO wa tot mo- 
ueHT MaawBanocb, HaBepHoe. *CK? 

DpeflceAaTeneM KowMCCiflM 6bm Jlee rioHOMapeB. 
KoMwccMB paccrieaoaana o6cTonTe;ibCTBa 1991 rofla. 
eii Aann wseneHbiii cbbtb. He wa ece, ho na MMoroe, 
KoHel^Ha. ecTM 5w noAOtiTu CHcrewHo, mojkho 6biro 
cfleraTb see 6onbiue h nyMiue, mojkho 6bino noAH^Tt. 
TOMMbi MMTepecHbix waTepManoB... Gwn momcmt! Ho ne 
Bbimno. fla a He cyxy, kbk MOrrw - tbk paSoTanM. Bo 
acRKOM cnyMae, rne6 MaCparcfi lepneHiifl m nepenHcan 
necKOJibKO ToncTbix leTpaAOK. 

— 'OmKcepumbD mt^eso HBnbSfi Cbino? 

— fl ero TO«e cnpaujHsan. B 1991 roay 5bina eine 
He Ta 'jyflo-TexMHKa. ho npM xcenamiH mojkho Swno Aoc- 
TaTb. B o6ii^eM. nepenMcan oh mhoto. flocTOBepHOCTb 
3T0M MH(t)opMai4»n y Menn He BbiawBaeT HnnaKHx coMwe- 
HV1M JleB AneKcannpOBM^ flOMOMapeB h b - mw mowbm 
BbicTynaTb rapaHTaMH mctmhuocth nepenwcaHHoro. 

HeKOTopbiet})aKTbi mw noroM conocrasrinnH c «>Kyp- 
Ha/iOM MocKOBCKoPi naTpnapxMHB 

MHorwe nceBAOHHMw HeaosMoxtHO pacKpWTb, ohh 
npocTo HtMCsaKiT. B C80flKax4-ro OTflena 5-ro ynpae/ie- 
HMd KrB, KypMpOBaBiuero qepKOBb. cooBmaeTCH npk*- 
MepHo Tax: «Ha MMpHym KOH^epCHUnio b WeHeay wa- 
npaenew arewr AflaiuaHT EMy aano yKasanwe Taxoe-io. 
BwcrynMTb c nHMUMaTMBoii Taxoii-To, nonbiTaTbcn npo- 
flBMH/Tb Ha pyxoBOflfliUMe nocTbi bo BcewnpHOM Coeere 
LtepKBeti TaKoro-TO. .» OTxphiaaew «>KypHaJi Mockobc- 
Koii naTpiiapxnti». ^uTaew: «B wapTe Taxoro-io rofla na 
MMpHyo KOHtJrepenmiK) B >K9HeBy noexan MMTpononnT 
TaKoii-TOB. 



Bee CTBHOBVITCfl HCHO. ElUB HeCKOnbKO CBepOK, Bce 

noATsepxtAaeTcn. AnaManT npoaonxoeT cbok) aeBTenb- 
HocTb. To we c flposAOBbiM (Do ymeep)t(denuio o. FneSa 
flKynuHB, uccnedoeaaujeso apxuebi KFB. ffposdoa-one- 
pamuBHbiQ nceedoHUM HbiHetuneeo nampuapxa PCIU 
AnBKCuff II [PudusepaJ.-npUM.ped.) n c flpyrwMH. Bbiro 
pacspbiTo npHMCpMO 15 wiHHen. DepenncaHHoe Kacaer- 
cn a ocHOBHOM BHeuiMenonnTH^ecKoii AsnTenbHOCTM. 
3tot cpes He OMeHb 6onbiuOM. ho b Bwciueii creneHu 
nHTepecHuw. 

— Pesynbrriambi zde-nu5ydb 6binu onydnuKoaaHbi? 

— Ha 3Ty TBMy MHOro Bcero Suno. TneS naniican 
(TOMHse Mbi BwecTe nanMcann) KHHtKxy «nofln;iHHbiH 
;iMK MocKOBCKOii naTpnapxti»». Mne, npasfla. ne OHeHb 
MpaaHTcn ee npHOayionHbiS ciMnb. 

HoaofibHO MHoro MHc})OpMaKnn MHe yaanocb «Ha- 
pbiTbx B 1994 roAy. yxte b flywe, npH nowoiUM aenyTSTa 
CaewMKoro, Hbine nOKOMHoro, a b to speMn aawnpoAa 

AyMCKOrO KOMWTBTa. 

fioSpajiMCb Ao rocyflapCTBeHHoro apxHBa Pd, n 
npocMAeji Tau uecnLta tpw. nepenncbiean, KcepoKonii- 
poaan apxiiBbi CoaeTa no AenaM periMrMH. 

EcTb xopoiuHvi apxHBHCT V) xypHa/iMCT - >KeHfl rio- 
fiflKOB, MhicHMMBMecTepaSoTann.oHMHOrocnenanno 
3Toi* Hacra. 05HapyxtiirM MHoro nio6DnbiT«oro, ©axTW- 
necKH -flOKyMeHTanbHoe noATsepMAeHHB nponcxoxvie- 
Hi4fl 14 cyiiiHOCTH MocKoscKoti naTpkiapxbivi. 

OuennaaTb. KOHesno, mox(ho no-paanoMy, lyT cao- 
6oAy anannTimecKoro TBop^ecTea hukto ne ncunioHaeT. 
Ho HTo 0aKT. TO 4>a'tT- HanpwMep, Mbi ony5/iMKOBann 
RMCbMO AneKCMd, TOFAa yrpaafiBOmero fle/iawM b Cose- 
Te noflenaM pejiMrHM, HanMcanHoe b 1984 roay. riwcbMO 
aapecoaano na^anbHHxy KaKoro-TO xo3BiiCTBeHHoro yn- 
paeneHHH b IjK KFICC, a coAepiKanne Taxoe: hoctobh- 
Mbie MneHbi CsciiLieHHoro CuHOAa hs npOTflJKeHMM ahm- 
Te/ibHoro BpeweHM nonbsyraTCJf ycnyraMM 4-ro ynpaane- 
HHB MMHWcrepCTBa JApaBDOxpaHeHvin. Twp-nwp, KaKne- 
To aexoiMBbie <j;p33bi. Bbipawaioiiivie npKisHaTenbHocrb. 
XoTenM 6bi Tatotte npocHTb Bac peiimTb aonpoc n o 
caHaTopHo-KypopTHOMo6cnywMBaHnn. HaoepHoe, 6bino 
peueHo nonoxtMTenbHO 

— 3mo K eonpocy omdeneHun uepxeu am aocydap- 
cmaa... 

— BTaKMxtt)opMax3To6binoHaMHoro6e3o6MflHee, 
HBM ceiiHac. riycTb omh raw napfrrcn a 6aHe, b xOHqe 
XOH140B To, 4T0 npoMcxoflHT ceif^ac - cepbesnee. 




'I 



/lea JlaeuHCOH 



■KAPTA' l*J8-« lOO* 



^ 



nPABA lEJlDBEXA 



129 



— A MQiKHO KaHOu-HuSydt, npuMBp meoeu ycnetu- 
HOu paSombi s BepxoeHOM Coeeme? Wmo-mo, k ^ieMy 
mbi nuwHO npunotKun pyxy? 

— Hy, cKaxteM, BroAyQI-MBOA^HCTapt^HHUMxpaM 
B itBaHOBCKOH oSriBCTM np^Luen 6aTiOLiJKs. KOTopbiii craji 
Bce TaM CK05nnTb, micTHTb. nepeaenbisaTb ti, k cojKane- 
MMK). nopTviTh pocnbicM. Vmcs sataaaann KSKyio-TO Macrt 
XVIII Bexa. 

a noaroTOBHn o6pameHne KoMMTera no CBoOofle 
coaecTki B a/iMviHMCTp3UM)o MsahoecKoii o6nacTM 11 Mm- 
MHCTepcTBO KynbTypu - pasoSparbCR. HanMcan b o^eHb 
wecTKHx 3bipa>KeHiiflx. (CeHnac, naOwB pyxy, b 6bi ran 
yxe He ni4ca/i). Mto rau Ha'^anocb! Csii^ac Han»iiiJi4 
xaKoe OT ;iK)6oro aenyraia ~ He Gyaer raitoi^ peatmiii, A 
ygroa MKHKynbTOBCKan kommccmh noexa/ia b sry rnyujb, 
HacTOfltitafl saaapyxa Tau 6biji3. Pochmcvi y/iajiocb cna- 

CTM, 

Pa6oTa c EopiaesbiM. 
nanara no npaeaM HenoseKa 

— Wmo mbi aK/iadbteaeujb e nonnmue «3anuMamb- 
cji saKOHodamenbcmeoM*? 

— Kpyr npo6neM He cpaay cTan TatcMM lliiipokmu, KaK 
ceiiMac. Xota, Hanp^uep, a/ibTepHaTHBHOH rpawAaHC- 
KOM cnyMcSoH n Bcepbes sanpncsf c 1994 rozia. 

ripHHflTbiM B 1994 roAy B nepBOw memnvi sbkoh 06 
Arc men 4epB3 Ham KoMnreT rocflyMw no Ae/iaM o5me- 
CTBeHHbixo6i>eA^HehHMHpenMruo3Hbixopr3Hk?33i4Mii. 9\ 
Tor^a eme Heo(t}Hu^anbHo aomen b paSoMyo rpynny. II 
c Tex nop 113 3TOV4 npoeneubi aHeBbine3anB. 

rioTOM cran noflCTynaxti k flpyrwM npoSneMBM, e 

OCHOBHOM, KOHe^HO, K CBOCOAS COBeCTH. O'^eHb mySoKO 

Torfla 3THM aaMHMa/icH, cociaBiin «BenyK) KM*iry» o na- 
pyujeHMnx cBo6oflbi BepoMcnoBeflaHnn Ha 1995 rofl. 
Oco6o MeHH ysnemia reMa hobwx peniiniosHbix flanjKe- 
HMM, TaK Hasbieaewbix «ceKT». 

B KOHue 1995-ro CTano noHaTHO, 4to TneS flKyHUH 
He nonaAasT b cneAyioujyio Ayuy. Mbi c hmm opranHsoBa- 
riH 06LL(ecTBeHHbiM KOMi^ieT no sautMre cBo6oAbi coeeC' 
TM. B cviny onpefleneKHWx npn4MH 3to ne coacew cocto- 
HBiueecn aeno, ho Koe-'^TO yaanocb. (©opMa/ibHO Komh- 
TeTflo CMx nop cymecTByer). 

Mens no3Ban k ce6e Banepwii BacHJibesm Bop- 
lyeB. K TOMy BpeweMM h yjKe noKasan 6onbiijyto aKTue- 
HocTbKaKnoMomH^KAenyraTa. C BopmeBbiM n paQoian 
v\ B flyue, VI e^eHeaenbHo sen npvieM b OKpyre. b Hobo- 
rvipeeso, leTbipe roaa. 3to OMOHb nonesMo, n naymincn 
«noneBOii» npaB03aii4MTHovi pa5oTe 

B 1 996 roay . ecKOpe nocne BbiSopoB, Qbina o6pa30- 
eana rianaTa no npasaM Menoaexa DofiiiiTvmecKoro koh- 
cyribTaTMBHOfo coseTa npw RpeaiifleHTe Pt> B 3tot co- 
eer soiuriH see 43 6noKa vi napivivi. yMacTBoaaBiuHe b 
Bbt6opax. npoiujian Qyua oi(a3anacb KouuyHi^cTMMec- 
KOM. H EnbuMH peujMr opraHM30B3Tb raKoi^ npoTMBOBec. 
tia iri Pbi6KMHa (Torfla oh a cqohx b KpeMne xoann) hbao 
6bmoKyfla-TonpncTponTb. M aoTcosflanM neHTo. Dpo™- 
BOBoc He nonyMMHCn kl3 RaaansriA ranai 38 aeno ean- 
nitcb TonbKo Aae-TpM. Ho ohm ce6fl peanH30B3nM. 

— Kaxue euje? 

— ToHHO Me 5epycb CKaaaxb. 3HaK) nuiub, '-ito 6onb- 
lUMHCTBO TOnKOM HB pa6OTan0. — MHB roBOpiinM B a/lMM- 
HHcrpauMH — SOT. DajiaTa no npaeaM nenoBexa pa6o- 
TaeT BKTvieHeMUJtiM oSpaaoM, ti eii\e i\Be-Tpi\. 

MHOrvie npaBosaujiiTHMKii aoiunii b STy ClanaTy, nM- 
flepbf MSBecTHbix 0praHM3aL;viH. fi cran oTBeTCTBennbiM 




Sanepuu Bopmee 



cexpeTapeu C Toro MOuenTa AenyraTcxan npMeiuHan 
BopuiSBa CTana no cyxM npueMHOM ilanaTu no npaeaw 
HenoeeKa. 

^ Ben npHeM c 1 6 ao 23-24 nacoB, 6binki orpoMHue 
onepeAM- "-Jacrt. o^^epeflw - HatuH M36iipaTenn, ts, kto 
npMxoAMn KB npMeM k Bopiueay. Mu cTapanMCb vix 
BnepeA npuHBTb. C paanbiMit npoSneMaMM, a ochobhom 
- xtMnbe. BCRKtie 6bir0Bbie. couHa/>bHbie aekiiM. 

A flpyran nacTb - Te, kto npiie3)Kan m Apy™x 
ropoAoe, no yronoBHbiu aenaiu, no xaxtiM-TO c/iowhum 
BonpocaM.CAHApeeM5a6yLiJKMKbiw. kohchho. HMXTone 
MOmeT cpaBHMTbcn no yMeH^io CkueTb ao luecTvi nacoB 
yrpa. 

Ho VI Mbi crapanncb. FlpMeu - o^enb 6onbLuan 
pa6oTa. Ka>Kaoeo6pameHkieTpe6oBanopeaKUHM. HCTa- 
pancB fleiScTBOBaxb onepaTMBHO. Konocca/ibHas nepe- 
nMCKa: necKonbKo tucfi^ nvtcew ao ace HHCTaHijHH no 
BceM flenaM OT mockobckoto MHnaenapTaMeHTa ao Bcn- 
KMx npoKypaTyp. 

K cepeflHHe 90-x n coBepmeHHO ariHncn bo bcio Ty 
npoGnewaT^Ky, KOTopyxn ceMHac pasBMsaio. 

— no'^euy y m©5» nonyiuncfi maKoO uiupoKuO <pys 
uHinepecoe? 

— noTOMy MTO nanara no npaaaM HenoseKa no 
onpeaenSHMto saHMManacb aceMH rpaeawH. Mm pa6o- 
Tann HeTbipe roaa, c 1996-ro no 2000-m. Co6iipanMCb 
npHMopHo pa3 B MscBu B aflMHHMCTpauMM npe3iiaeHTa. 

3to Sbina noneanaw n/ioiuaaKa ana neperoeopOB, 
Tyaa He Mor He npHMiM, cxaxeu, saMecrnTenb rennpoKy- 
popa. DanaTa no npasau nenOBeKa nspeitutna npMxoa 
riyrkiHa n saBepiueHbie aenyTaTCKiix nonnOMOH^ifi Bop- 
meaa 



vpww y vtfl org 



131 



4 



mm] 




CepseO AdBMoeui Koeanee 



B Ha^ane aarycra 2000 roas nymH noarmcan yxaa 
pocnycue nonnTHMec«oro KOHcyjibTaTMBHoro coBCTa. 

Ha 3TOU ^CTCpMH KOH^MfiaCb. 

— A.cKaiKBM, ysonoeHo-npouecc/anbHbiu KOdSKC? 

yriK A/IH MCMS 5blJ1 TCMMblM /lecoM. Ho c 1997 

roAa, KorA3 MapaOeflopoBHa nonnKOBa Ha^iana KaMna- 
HHK) no npoenry vrtK, n scepbes 3tiim saHftjicfl Ceii^ac 
n - e pa6oMeA rpynne y M^ayntiHoii no woHHTopMHry. Mu 
Be^eu M0Hi4TopMHr. v\ 3Ta npo6neMaTMKa cTaHOBMTcn 

nOHHTHOi*. 

rianaTa... HaiiiinoSpaiiieHMnrAe-TOTaflnM. bochob- 
HOM. Ho MHoraa nac iicnonb30Banii flnn no/ibaw flena 
Korfla CM/ibHO pacnoncancH ryOepHarop KoKflpaTemco b 
KpacHo^apCKOM Kpae, h3 a^iu'^HiicTpaMbiM Upe3v\aenTa 
MHe no3B0HMn hmhobhmk v nonpocHn rpMcnarb reMaTvi- 
<4ecKiiH nnsH Hamiix MeponptiHTMM. Her, HMKaKoro /lae- 
nenv\n He 6bino. Ho mu To>Ke AeiicTBOBajivi He o^epTn 
ronoBy. fleiicTBOBanM rpsMOTHO, oinyman ceSo KsasM- 
napnaMSHTCKoiiopraHMaauMeM (Kcrani, BnanaTe6binM 
H apyrHe tohw 3peHnn. HanpMMep, 5wn oahh JlflnPo- 

BeU). TaK BOT, nOSBOHM/l 3T0T 4MH0BHHK: a He XOTMTe IIH 

Bbi «3aHnTbCB» KpaCHOaapCKHM KpaeM? 

— A no'iemy maxuM saMbicnoeanibiM nymeM ohu c 
amuu KoHdpamenKO? Cauu 6bi ladaeanu ewy no wee. . . 

— My... He xore/iocb mm naesxtaTb, 5wnn KaKiie-TO 
coo6p3)KeHHR. Mbi CKasariH: as. 3Haew o HapyiueHHnx - 
npo wecxBTHHueB m Apyroe. HaM roeopuT: bot, h Mecxe- 
THHuea, H CBO&Dfly coaecTn oGcyanTe Mw anpamHCh. 
Cioaa npMexanM saur/iaBbi axiM»iHMCTpauiiii Kpan, Ha- 
ManbHMKin OTAenoB - uenuti necaHj' 

— Bbi3eanu na xoeep KondpameHKoecxyioCpamuio? 

— CaMoro KoHflpaTCHKo Ke 5bino. Xoth mm, KOHen- 
HO. nocnariH euy oct^u^anbHoe nphirnatueHi^e. Mhb Ka- 
JKBTCH, HTO saceaaHHe o«<a3a/iocb noresHbiM. 

TpeTbfl Ayua. 
PaSora c KoBajiesbiM 

— BQpmeB,i;aKii3BecTH0. BTpsTbtoflyMyHenona/i, 
f\ cran pa6oTaTb y Cepren A/taMOBima Koaanesa. C 
KoBaneBbiu pa6oTaTb Henpocro. ho MHTepecno Ha ce- 



ronHflUJHM^ OfiHb y Hac c hhm pasHbie 
BSrnnabi. Ho oh ne akktstop b 3tom cmuc- 
ne. Oh mombt pyraibcn, ho b kohub koh- 
MOB AewoHCTpHpyer yaa>KeHMe k onno- 
HeHTy. 

— l/t wno - onumb padoma c nucbua- 

— B TOM HMcne H 5pa/i na ce6Fi 
HacTb cnoKHbix cny^Bes - o6paiaeHun 

(in0)K1^3HeHHHKD8» kinvi, TaM. no HapKOTM- 
KaM. To, MTO MHB HHTepBCHD H3 BronO^Tbl. 

Ho y Hac raiwe Qbijirt noA^. Koropue 
paSoTann c KoppecnoHfleHiiHeH. 

— Tbi. MOMHO cKasamb, SKcnepm? 

— 3to 6bina h 3KcnepTHa»i paOora, h 
KBK noMOiAHMtia Cepren A/iaMoema. ^ 
noaroTOBun oMenb MHoro nonpaaoK or ero 
HueHki. Aa>Ke saKOHonpoeKToe. Haua c 
HMu aKTHBHan coBMecTnan TBopnecKan 
pa6oTa Ha^anacb, kbk roribKO o npktmefi k 
Hcwy B TpeTbio Ayuy. 

Kax pas BopHC SopvicoBtm HaAe:4c- 
AMH np^bewaji co cbohw saKOHonpoexTOM 
o KoHCTMTyuwoMHOM CoSpaHMM . rfle nono- 
B^na Haana^anacb npeanABHTOM tt j.r. 
Oh, kbk raHK, oneMb BOOflyiueBnneTCn ho- 

BbJMU nepcneKTMBawM OcraHOBHTb aro mo)kho Tonbxo 

pernauBHTHbiM nyreM. 

B ceji n 3a flse neaenH nanMcaji anbTepnaTMBHbm 

saKOHonpoeKT 6onee wew m era CTareii Mbi ycnenvi ero 

BHecTH - M aro ropMOSHyno. Ha ceroflnn BopHC BopHCO- 

BVM, OH yMHbIM lit /JOCTD^HblM 'lenOBeK, nOHHJI, '4T0 6bin 

HenpaB, mmb Ka»eTcn. 

y Hero Sbinw c CepreeM AaawoBn^eM ancnyrti. 
cnymaHMn b napnaMenre, KoHCTuryuMOHHOM Co6paHnn, 
Mbi npeAnoxMHH apyryn uoaenb: hb co6paHMn '^mhob- 
HHK0B-H33HaHeHueB. a YHpeA^TenbHoro coSpaH^n, v<3- 
6»ipaeMoro oprana. Ho oco6om moabj^^, Aa He rax, KaK 
Hyua. 3T0 He a^rDKHbi 6biTb napnaueHTap^ii. l^na^e, 
HCM jwe 0TnnHaeTcn ot napnaweHia? 3to 5bina won 
nepaaa us AeucTBMrenbHO tpynh^bix aaKOnanpoeKTHUK 
pa5oT, Mw He cTasHnu uejibKi, MT06bi 3tot saKOhonpoeicr 
6bin npi^HOT. To ecrb n 6bin 5bi ne nporviB. ho B03mo;«- 
HOCTH TaKOM Her 

— KoMcmumyuuOMHoe Codpanue .. 

— .. 3T0 TOT opran, KOTopbiii womeT ObrTb coOpan 

Onn MSMeHeHMH KOHCTHTyiiHW, 

— H eute pe0epeHhyM 

— PetfepeHflyM «c nynfot HeB03M0»eH. Oh bo3mo- 
xett. TonbKO ecrbi KoHCTviTytikiOHHoe CoGpanMe. Bbipa- 
6oTaB HDBbiii TeKCT KoHCTkiTymiH, BUHeceT ero na pe4>e- 
pe«ayM, 

— A uoxtem ne ewMecmu? 

— A MOXBT npuHBTb ero caMO, 

— 3mo HGiecmHo! 

— 3to MecTHo. fla)Ke nyijiue, ecru 6 He 6wno pecj>e- 
peHayMa. Beab KoncTHTymin- Baerannx, anioaHcax bch 
aaKJiKwena . l^Men /in xoib kto-to h3 6onbiiiMHCTBa rpa*- 
aan npeflCTaajTCHwe o tom, mto HanHcawo b KoHCTHiy- 
LjMM. KOTOpan 6wn3 npMHATa b 1993 roay? P,a vi kbk 
BooSiLie 3TO cflenaTb'' HeTo, «To6bi HBM KoHCTMTyLinq ne 
HpaBM/iacb B uenoM, HaM OHent mhofob HpasMTCfl, bto- 
pan rnaaa Hau b npuHLjiine npaaMTOn. Ho ecTb tKenaniie 

KOe-MTO paSBHTb, MlMenUTb. 

— S 59 cmamte, nanpuuep. 



-KAPTA' W 39-40 200« 



4 liPABA mmu 



131 



— fla. 59 craThKi Boo6ine Haao HSMeHHTb, k3k oHa 
B npejKHeM Kohcthtymhm Bbina MsnoweHa. OiflenbHoe 
npaeo. a He iok KaKne-ro sapviauMki Ha TeMy saiUMTbi 
oTe'^ecTBa. Ho BUHocMTb 3T0 Ha pe0epeHflyM.., Tyr n 
cornacet4 c KoeanesbiM. 

BnpcweM. peiJjepeHflyM aon)KeH ocraaaTbcn - Me- 
jiaTerbHo, noflpyrHM eonpocaM - nan nenn^ nontiTn»<ec- 
KMH viHcrpyMeHT. KoBanea - eaHHCTBeHHbm 143 npaahix 
oceHbio 2002 rofla noanncan sanpoc KOMwyHiicTOB a 
KoHCTMTyunoHHbiH Cyfl npOTMB oTMehbi peitiepeHflyMa 
(Toraa sanpeTMnH npoBOAi^Tb pettiepeHAyM aa ran ao 
Bbi6opOB). 

Caw pe{tiepBHayM Hentsn wcTpeennTb, aa m ssko- 
HOflarenbCTBo Henban MewdTb b yrofly nonvmiMecKoi* 
KOHbioHtcrype. \An^ ecTb npaao, yim ner. Ho Koaanea 
Bcer^a roeopkiT: 6wno 6bi crpaHHO. ecxiM Qu MareMaTii- 
Mecxafl TBOpeMa npMHHManacb pectepeH^iyMOM 8 arou 
eCTb npaBfla. nneSMcuHT n petJjepeH;iyM xopoiuM na 
MecTHou ypoBHe A na ypoBHe peiueHHF) HautioHanbHbix. 
MeHuiyHapoziHbix noo6jieM 3to yxe npHHMMaer wny 
MaciLTseoB. 

— npoCneMa cmepmHoQ Kaanu? 

— fla-fla. BoT (JjaKTii>^ecKMfi npuMsp HeaonycTHMo- 
CTH pectiepeHfiyMa. 3td KaK KapTbi pasHoro MaciuTa6a: 
Mt>i cwoTpmw Ha Kapry KaKaro-HtiCyAb paAoHa m Bce 
noHMMae^4, ho scjim peiuarb cv/ib6y 3Toro pafiOHa na 
rroByce. , 

— C dpysoO cmopOMbi, a eeponeucnux cmpanax 
peivBHUft npucoeduneHUU k EeponeuCKOuy Coiosy npu- 
HuMatomcn ksk pas pe<pepeHdyuoM. 

— 3ro »€ nonnTHHecKMe peLuenun cyflbSe mbhhm, 
3to, HaaepHoe. mojkho. 

— XofTW). Kasanocb 6bi, KoHcmumyuuft Sonbuie Ha 
cydbdy wauwu enupem, "jcm sxaJKdenue g EC. 

— Mo)»(eT fibiTb, KaKHe-TO xopouio paaBHTwe oSuje- 
craa Moryr ceSe no3BonnTb. Ho onwT noKasuBaeT, mo 
Bce K0HCTMTyi4MM. nptiHRTbiepecti^peH/iyMOM. np^xMMa- 
nvicb HueHKO B TOM av\ae, a kskom oHti 6binH nanMcaHbi 
TSMn, KTo MX npoianxMBan. Bot k ace. 

— TaK euSophi e KoHcmumynuonHoa Co6pamje 
mo^Ho maK xe 6ydym npoxodumb! M eudepymcft myda 
epesynbmame uaminynstmiu ebidopauu... 

— A Mbi npeAnoKHfiH Mo^enb (oHa AeuCTsyeT, na- 
npi^uep. B ABCTptiM M apyrHx crpanax) AByxManaaTHbix 
OKpyroB/yiH yMpeflHTejibHoro coBpaHiin (Korapoe Hasw- 
Baercn KoHCTMTyuHOHHbiw Co6paHneM no Kohctvitvuhm) 
Kor^a M36MpaeTC() Me o;imh nenOBeK. a aaa, HaSpaBiuHe 
MaKCKMa/ibHoe nonHMBcrso ro/iocoB, 3to oneHb npa- 
BM/ibHan uoAenb. 

— BosMOMHocmb MaMunynmuO CHumaemcn? 

— fla, Kan npaenno, ecru oSmecTso paafleneno no 
KaKHM-roeonoocdM-TaM,/ieBbiiii-npaBbiA-3TOMyBCTBy- 
ercn, oco6eHHo e pemoHax. Mfler KOMwyHMCT, a cneAOM 
KTO-TOAPyrOH,M/iMHao6opOT, Ohh, Kan npaBn/io, m oipa- 
MaioT MHTepecbi 6onbujviHCTB3. 

— Bonpoc. KOmopbiO Hanpauiueaemcfi: npuuep ca- 
Moao-cemoeo. <^eso ydanocb docmu^b? 

— npKBeay npxiMep, kotopmm Shmsok Moeiuiy cepA- 
Uy, OH KBcaeTCf) Bce toh kb vtsrepiAv, pe;iiinio3HoA 
npoeneMarvmn. Hepea fiyMy MyHMTe/ibHO aonro luen 
saKOHonpoBKT «0 naunTHtiKax victopmm h xynbTypbi m/ikt 
o6fceKTax KynbiypHOro HacreaMfl» 

O^eHb eawMbiH 11 seobMa nennoxoM, noTOMy mo 
NBbipaBHKaann npoSneMHue Mecra, a mx neMano. Ho 



narpHapxHfl. noflcyeTHBiuMCb, yMyapunacb BcraBHTb 
lyfla ywe ko aropOMy iTeHMm noHATite nawaTHiiKOB nynb- 
Typbi pennrM03Moro HasHa^eHMH v\ nponwcarb sto ibkhm 

06pa3OM. HTO nOnOBWHa HeaBHWUMblX naWBTHMKOB apxM- 
Teioypbi Vi Ky/ibiypbi C Oco6biM CTarycOM AOJi«Ha npn- 
HaoiieMaTb mm. V\ Ha TaxMe nauRTHMXM 33koh yue He 
pacnpocTpanBncB.npeflnaranocbfla>Kepa3peiitMTbnpM- 
BarHSMpoeaTb naMflTHHKH MMpoaoro aHaieHMn, ec/iH 
OHM pennrM03Hbie, hpmmbm pexMM McnonbsoeaHMH na- 
MflTHMKOB onpe^enneTcn a raKou cny^ae uspKOBbio 

HanpMMep. k Morune riyiuKMHa b Ce^ToropcKOM 
MonacTbipe Tbi Ses nnaroHxa na ro/ioae ywe ne npMfleiub 
H TaK Aanee, v. tsk flanee. Echh mm nywHo oTartnMBarb 
co6op-OHM6vflyTerooTannMBaTb, MSCMOTpn HarOMto 
OT sToro (CpecKM ocunaioTCfl. 

A BO BnaflMMMpe. b VcneHcxoM coBope, cyapyxH 
MfaiJiH (tipeCKM Py6ne6a CTHpajibHbiu nopoiuKOU, n caiu 
6b(ncBMfleTeneMlHyMnpeflnonararocb.i^TonaM«THMKH 
pefmrwoSHoro Ha3HaHeHMfl - 3to 6oraflenbHw, flyxoBHwe 
ceMHHapMn. MOMacTbipcKMe caflbi m tsk aanee 

6 TdKOM nOHMMSH^M M yHpe»aeHMe, HanpMMep. 
SbiaiuaB ayxoBHan kohcmctopmr - To>Ke nawnrHMK pejiM- 
fMOSHoro HaaHaneHMH, Mw noaanM nonpasKM. n aoiuen b 
pa50HyK) rpynny. rioHaMany SwriM o^enb cn/ibHwe npe- 
nupaTenbCTBa. C MXCTOpOHwcnaenoTeLiBop/cMnxai1- 
jioa, MCKyccTBOBCa. HacTOHTenb xpaMa noxpoaa Boro- 
poa^Ubi B Otinnx. npeaciaansiBuiMM Mnrepecbi riarpMap- 

XMM H npOCTHO CO MHOH SOpOBtUMMCH. 

Koraa 9 B3Fin Ha ce6n aTaxy, OKaianocb. i^to bcr 
pa6oMafi rpynna. Kpowe 3Toro npeacTaaniTenB HaTpnap- 
xiiM,«3a>i, BKnio4ann3BecTHyioKQMMyHMCTKy EneHyApa- 
nexo, pyKOBoaMTenn rpynnbi, KOTopan c 3Toii t04km spe- 
H*in oxaaanacb ano/ine BMeHHeMWM i^enoBeKOM. 

HayHHbiM pyKOBOflHTeneM rpynnbi 5bin aooSme 3a- 
MB^aTeribHbiM ^e/ioseK, hctopmk apxMTenTypbi Anexceii 
KoMBM. OKOHvaienbHan peaaKUMn aanoHa nonyHnnacb 
no-HaiueMy. Ohh flo cmx nop CKpewemyr sySaMM. ApxM- 
enMCKon KnMMeHTflawe cTasMn naoraejibHoe ronocoaa- 
HMe a flywe 3Ty nonpasKy. ho oHa ne npouina. 

Mbi y6panM npMBaTMaauMio pefmrMosHUMM opranH- 
saLjMDMM naMRTHMKOB «BceMMpHoro 3HaHeHMn». corna- 
C0BaHMevicnonb3OBaHMnnaMHTHMK0BKy/ibTypbipervirM- 
03Horo HaanaMeHMn c uepxoBbK). Hy, ocTaaiinM Koe-rae b 
MnrKMx (JiopMax. 

A rnaBHoe. mu aaiM onpeaar^eHMe «naMflTHi4KOs 
penMrMoSHoro HaaHa^eHMnu LlepKaM, MacoBHM, Me^^ervi, 
cMHaroFM, naroaw, MMnaperw, MOHacTwpn, ToMxa. To 
ecTb TOJibKo xynbTOBbie aaaHMB. Ecnw Bw BsnnM aepx 
OHM, TO ece My3eM. 6M6nMOTeKM, apxMSbi, CMaou^e ceii- 
"^ac B dwsiukix uepxoBHbix Boraaenbnnx, rocTMHkiuax, 
ceMHHapMHx. BbineTe/iM 6w OMSHb ewcrpo. 

3to noHMManM m b npaaMTenbCiee' OTaaii - cbeacT 
c norpoxaMM. M flyMa, n ripesnaenT 3to noaflepwanw. 
Hama nonpsBKa satpenneMa b 3aK0He, n stmm o^eHb 
ropxtycb. Tew, mto mw naimiM TaKoii xoa. xoMnpOMMCC- 

Hblii, KOHBMHO, HO 3aK0H, B 3T0M MBCTM, OHeHb XOpOUJMW. 

— BnaduMupCKus (fjpecKU amo om dypHux cmapyx 
He cnacem. 

— He cnaceT Ho BnaflMMMpcKMfl co5op - xat^ea- 
pafibHWH, OH npkiMa/vie)Ka/i "CTapyxaM» m npM coeeTC- 
KOM a/iacTH. Om hb 6bin mx coBcTBeHHocibio, ho ohh hm 
nonb30BanMCb. 4To Tyr noae/iaeiub. OpraHw oxpanbi 
naMHTHMKOB. npoKypaTypa oSRsaHbi cneaMTb 3a stmm no 
aaxony - 3to y»e Bonpoc npaBonpHMeneHMn Ec/in no 



www nana a'^ 



132 



4 



mm 



aaKOH/, HM aooSme ronoey OTopaaTb, flpyroii Bonpoc- 
mo HUKTO nHHero he flcnaer. 3to yxe or Mac mo aasHCMT. 

— A eme npuMSPbi? 

— fla MHoro acero5bino, TpyflHO tbk aoi c xofly,. , no 
cyrvi, aaKOHOM 06 a/ibxepnaTMBHOM rpa>KflaHCKOH cnyjK- 
6e fl Toxe ropjKycb, B tom cwwcne, mto oh ne HacrojibKo 
nnox, KaK Mor 6bi 6biTb. 

Ceprefi AflawOBHi MSHn pyraer; ABCKSTb, enesniA - 
H TO/ibKO xywe nony^HH/iocb. F1 He corracen: mw onenb 
MHoro CAenajiH, lanBHTentHbiii nopnqOK rponiicanii, 
HanpuMop. Hy. KOHenHO. oMeHb nnoxo, '^to ycraHOBneH 
npe^en' lonbKO sa nonro;]a ao npiobiBa mowho no^aTb 
saRBfieHMe. 

3td nnoxo, nocKOJibKy orpaHn^Heaer npaea. Ho 
3aK0H He coaep>Ki4T ornpaBKOH tohkm -c KaKoro uOMeHTa 
Tbt MOKemb noflaTb saflBJienkte. JI1060H rpai«utaHMH, no- 
CTSBineHHbii^ Ha y^eT a BoeHKOMaxe. tee nepnoA o 1 
HHsapflflo 31 Mapra BroflfloCTiwKeHHn uMBoapacxa 17 
jier, yjKe woxer noaarb sanB/ienwe Ha AFC. H nyctb 
TonbKO OTKajKyr — caw MOweT cyAWThCB, poflHTenH (ksk 
aaKOHHbie npeacxaBHTenn HecoBepmeHHoneTHero) mo- 
ryr cyawTbCfl. 

Euie npviMep. To. Haa ^eM Mbi 6MnHCb HecKOnbxo 
rei vt 4T0 MeHB Bo/iHyer, MO^er 6biTb, 6onbuje Bcero - 
npoBnewa napKOTHKOB. flajxe «HapKonojiMTMKiiB, 

fl tfiaKTiinecKH paSoran kbk 3KcnepT b KoMMTeie no 
saKOHoaaieribCTBy. V mbha npexpacHwe OTHoiueMHJi c 
riaBnoM KpaiueHHHHHKOBbiM. raw 6biJiH HopMajibHbie 
JiioflM. npmiHHHbrii KOMnreT, Ko Mne «b cronn nocTynanii 
Bce npoeKTbi, KacaK)innecfl napKOTviKoa. HanpuMep. 3a- 
KOH «0 napKOTM^ecKHX cpeACiaax vt nCHxorponMbut se- 
LuecTBax» KacaeTcn KoM^Tera no oxpaHe aaopoebn, a 
nonpaaKM s VronoBHbiii KOaexc HaxoflBTcc a KoMHrere 
no saKOHOAaTenbCTBy. 

K 2001 roflv y MeHd b nanite cuoniinocb 5onee 
flBaAUBTM npoexTOB no stow TeMe, Bce ohh, KpoMe oflHO- 
ro(BHeceHMOro BopmesbiM e 1998 rofly, mhokj me u 
HaniicaHHoro). nanpaanenbi Ha ywecroHeHiie naKasa- 
hmb; cMepTHao xasHb, nownaweHHoe nmiieHMe caoSoflbi, 
yronoBHan OTBeTCTseHHocrb 3a noTpeSneHwe. Jle«ape- 
Ba BbiflVMbiaana laKiie msiuckh: cwepTHan nasHb sa bob- 
jie^eHHeaeTeiS b pacnpocTpaHBHMe.flenyraT BnaawMHp 
/IbicGHKOflaMie npeAfiOJKnn noMewy-To CMepTHyio nasHb 
3a pacnpocTpaMSHne b Kpynnwx paswepax, a e OC060 
Kpynwbix - Her. 

— noveuy maKaa aKmueuocmb f fl noHuuaio. meua 
eaMMap. no... 

— ripocTO Bce cneiiiHnvi OTweTHTbCB Mw ace co- 
6p^nM, oScyAMnu, a c KpaLueHWHMiiKOBbiM noroBOpHfi 
Oh le/nOBeK HenpocToii, aecbMa HeoflHOSManHbiM, ho c 
HMM pa6oTaTb M0)KHO. MHe parw KapT-QnaHui cosaarb 
pa6onyto rpynny no aroii npofinewe. 

fpynna 5bma oi^enb xopoiuan: oneHb BMenneMbie 
npeflCTaBMienn BepxoBHoro CyAa, rennpoitypaTypbi, 
caiKe MBfl. Bce n0MHMa(in. i^to saKon b HwneuiHeii pe- 
aaxuHM, 228 craTbH YK vt Bce arvi waccoBwe Hapxopen- 

peCC^^ -KOUIMBp. 

3a oany coiyio rpawMa - ot cbmh ro nnTHaauain 
/ler. KaK w sa nnnorpaMw! Mw 3bipa6oTann HOpManbHyo 
BepcvtK). TaM 6biJio wnoro none3HWx vi3MeHemi(i, rnae- 
Hoe - Mbi BBenM Kpuxepviii paawepoa; Kpynnbiii - 6oJiee 
10 ycnoBHwx pasoBwx aos. KOTopwe no cneuManbHoii 
npoqeAVpe yiBep»fla«TCH. oco6o Kpynnwrt — 5onee 50 
(Mbt B0o6me-To npsAnarariM 6onee 100). 



BHecnw sto ot 6onbiiJOi* rpynnw aenyraioB. ripM- 
lOM yflanocb ran o6birpaTfa Aeno, mto nac e nonHOw 
cocTaae noaaep'tana [JjpaKuiifl nHapoflHbm AenyraTo. 
KOTopan Boo6me-To Bbiciynaer 33 cMepTHyto Kaanb. 

Ha H3iuy CTopoHy Bcran HaMSonee sMeHneMbiw 
ijenoaeK b aioii 0paKLiM« - renepan Bopothukob. Oh 
OKasancfl ne ibkhm yw crpaiuHbiM . renepan Kr&. pyxoeo- 
AinenbAccomiauMii aerepaHOB roc6e3onacHOCTM-a no 
3Towy aonpocy OKasancn hhujum ctopohhmkom. (fl ace- 
jjxa roBOpw; flaxe c >KMpviHgBCKHM mowho corpyAHH- 

MSTb). 

CopoK unenOB (JipaxmiM noanncanocb riofl 3tmm 
npoeiCTOM. 3to Aaeano eMy noHTM aerenbiM cbbt. 

B KOMSMHOM c^ere mw, oahbko, peiunnn flewCTBO- 
saTb'^epesnpesHfleHTa-cnoaa'^'iCaLUMBapaHHiiKOBa, 
oflHoro M3 cawbix 6nn3t<nx mhb csMnac no pa50Te aeny- 
TaroB. 

rionyMHnocfa b peaynbTaie, hto sth Haen. xopen- 
HUM o6pa30M MeHflULAHe yrojiosHbiM satsoH b cTOpony 
CHMxeHHH HapKopenpeccHM. BHec RpesnaeHT. m ohm 
6bin^ npHHRTbi. 

EapaHHiiKOB OKasancfl oiteHb yMHbiu. TonKoawM, 
yuenuiviM paSoTaTb^enoBexoM. xoTopbiii cyiuen nana- 
aMTb OTHomeHWR c KosaKOM n c ApyifMn HyjKHbiMH 

n»OabMH. KOTOpwe TOKS MHOrO nOHMMaiOT H HB HeXOTO- 

pbie aeii^M cnocoSnbi Xota n ne b aocropre or Koaaxa, ho 
B aaHHOM cnyMae, no yK, ohm cpa6oTann ae/inKonenHQ. 

Ho, xone^HO, SonbiunHCTso Tex npefl/ioxeHMii, c 
KOTOpbiwK Mbi BwxoAMnn MBpes KoBancBa M 4epe3 Ba- 
paHHHKOsa, 5bino oSpeneno na nposan. 3to ho SHa'iHT, 
4T0 3ToroaenaTbHeHaao6bino. OTopacKaHnaanocaHy 
npo5neMy. h xotr 6bi noaioMy He nmueHo cwwc/ia. 
Bonpoc o6cy)«aaeTC[i, BMHMaHne npHBneKaercfl. MHor- 
aa HywHO MTo-To aenart. npocTo fuitt Toro, HT06bi He 
npoiiino xyALuee 

Bwecre c BapaHHMKOBbiM Mbi o^eHb axTMBHo nopa- 
BoranM no AHC. BnnoTb ao Toro, mo mhb npHuinocb 
nanMcaib abb npoexra. Cna^ana mw caenanvi npoenT 
Pbieaxoaa (roraa eiue 6e3 Camn, oh npHcoeanHHncR 
noTOM) - KOMnpoMMccHHii, HO Bce-raKM Haiu npoeKT, rfle 
□cHOBHue eeiUM peiueHbi HOpMa/ibHO. PIotom. Koraa 3a- 
MaflHHJi jnecTKHH npaBMTefibCTBeHHbtii BapManT, mm ane- 
cnM CBepxnuSepanbHbiii, MaeanbHbm; kbk aodkho 6biTb 
B HOpManbHOM o5inecTBe. 3to npocKi BonoflH CeweHO- 
aa. 

— 3aeedoMO HenpoxodnoiJ. 

— fla rioTOM H CBOHMM )«e pyiOMn niican oTpnua- 

jenbHblH 0T3blB M na pbl6aK0BCKUM, KOTOpbIM C3M CO'^H- 

Hnn. OH xe 6apaHHMK0BCKMi«, h na ceMeHOaCKMi^. DoroMy 
yTo flesaThCfl 6bifio HCKyAa naao Sbino flBMraTb npaan- 
TenbCTaeMHbit^, htoQw hc npOHrparb oxoH^aTenbHo. 
KJnwfl Pbi6aKOB cwanana nOAaepf nac ocTpaKH3My, no 
noTOM cMHpMncfl v\ npocTwn BapaHHHxoB, SeaHwvi. Ha 
KoMwreTe no saKOHOflaienbCTBy BbicrynMn nosTiiM rpew 
3aK0HonpoeicTaw. 

Ms ero BbitrrynnBHHH cneaoBano, mto npoeia Pbi6a- 
Koaa oMeHb xopoujHii, m oh cbm. BapannHKOB. a Mvicjie 
asTopoe, a npaBHTenbCTBCHHbiH npoexT njiox. ho noa- 
aep>KaTb Haao npaB^TeJibCTaenHbiii. 3x8 Mrpa ne aceu 
noHpaBHnacb - nponHCHwM namHu /iM6epanaM Tuna 
noxMenKHHa. «OTopwe lyr we ocyannn xaKoe «ABynMM- 
Hoe noBeABHuei Ho. Bean mw ce5B no-apyroMy, pe- 
ayjibiaT 6bi/i 6bi xyAUJHM: npaBMTenbCTBBHHbiM npoexi 
OTAa/iM Sw B KoMMTeT no o6opOHe. A Tax mw xota 6bi 
AepxonM cbiTyauMK) noa xoHTporeM. 



■KAPTA- WM-40 200* 



^ BPABA mum 



133 



— Padoma a napnaMenme npedycMampuaaem 

— BeaycnoBHO HanpHwep, hsm roeopHT: tot npo- 

CKT, 1T0 Bbl npHHHflU 3 nepBOM '^TeHMH, Mb! BCTaBnBfiM B 

npoenT npeatweHTa. riycTbfloSpoe aeno ivieT ot npeaw- 
acHTa. C OAHOii cropOHbi, pa^H Aena npaBurbHO Ha 3to 
MflTM. C flpyrofi CTopoHW, aro Jne xaucTBo: noneiiiy ripe- 
SMfleHT Me MOJtteT noaniicaTb MOii npoein, ec;in dm ywe 

npMHflT? 

— A KQK 3mo ncuxonoswiecKU? Bom venoaeH cu- 
dum dufiMu u HO'^SMu, mmKeneOujyio paSomy denaem: 
nuuiem saKOnonpoeKm. . na nnoxou KOMnbiamepe... 

— Ha iKyTKOMl TopM03H0M. 6e3 llHTepHera... 

— BKnadbiaaem cmo npouenmoe dyuju, un/ne/i/ieK- 
ma. a nomou nuuib nnmb-decamb npouemnoe us amoao 
npoxodum. 

— M 3T0 AOcraTOMHo mhoto. Mombt BuTb, B CMfly 
cBoeirt npMBep>KeMMOCTM TeaTpy n CHKrato, hto npouecc 
BawHee. iiew peaynbTai. Kohc'^ho, He laKOii npouecc 
BdMceH. Korga KaK 6e;iKa b Konece, a opHeHTHpOBanHbii^ 
H3 peaynbraT. Mo c3m pesynbTST npn stom hs scer/ia 
3aBMCHT OT Hac. CKa>KeM, KorAa Co^ibfl BacMnbeBna 
KannHCTpaToaa saiyHiuana /wiccnaeHTOB, to ne noTOMy, 
ujo 6bina ysepeHa. hto mx onpaBAawT. Ohs sHana: pe- 
synbTai npeflCKaayew. Ho Henb3n 6wno mx He samw- 
lUaTb, npaBH^bHO? 



— OBKmu^ecKu 3mo nepe0pa3upoeanHbiO duccu- 
deHtrtcKuO npumun. denau wmo dOnxHo. u fiydt. umo 
dydem. 

— Ra, H0 3AecbMbipacxoAMMcncCepreeMAAaMO- 
BH^eM. Oh CHMTaeT: aenaiii, mto joOniKt^o, ho 3aMeM tu 
MAeuib na KOunpounccbi c KpaiueHMHMMKOBMM, aa^eu 
Bb< Taw c naMipMioeokt BcnKMe luypw-Mypbi ycTpaKBae- 
Te.saHeMcUnpoHOBbJu BMrpbiHrpaTb. tiraKAanee Ha. 
flenaiiTe. bhochtc. ho nero «pyTHTbCfl?! A n cm^Taio: 
npoMeccflMnnoMaTMH o^eMbBaJneM. Hy Cepreio AflaMO- 
BHMy MowHo: OH B cHoy cBoero nonoKeHHd... 

— BenbiiJ eopon? 

— J\a. OH nrpaer ory cooio porb. Oh 6bin ftenyra- 
TOM, ^nenoM napnaweHTa, aocroiiHo sbicrynan o5nnMH- 
Tenew Bcex Menpasfl HaswBaeT nepHoe - nepHbiM. 6e- 
noe - 6enbiM. Ha cro MecTS 3to HOpuanbHO, euy sa^eu 
BepTeTbcn. Ho mw-to apyryro ue/ib npec/ienyeM! Ecnn 
Mbi sBMMeM TaKyio xce nosMu^io, to Bcn Hrpa, b KOTopyto 
MbJ Mrpaeu, HsnpMMep, c Ba/ieHTHHOM re4>repOM - oh 
BO MHorHx rpynnax co whom coctoht. - omb 6yfleT Heaoa- 
M0)KHa. C naMM npocio He craHyr pa6oT3Tb. TorAa mu 
Mrpann 6t>i Bflyxe « SKCnpecc-xpoHMKwa fl yeepeH: bdt 
JloB AneKcaHApoBim HoHOMapeB. oh m na TpajKAaHCKHii 
CopyM He noLueji, ho npnAM oh b UyMy - nOBeAer ce6fl 
no-flpyroMy, \A hmkto ero ne ocyflHT. FloTOMy 4to ecnw th 
xo<HeiiJb 4T0-T0 npoABHraxb, to ne ctomt b Genwe pn3W 
o6/ia4aTbCii. 3to noHHMatoT see. 




flee fleeuHCOH c cbiHou AHOpeeu 



Pedannuti 6/taiodapam o. Rnoea Kpomoaa 3a nououib e nodaomooKe tmamepuana 



oMwUrtaois 



134 



^ IflPTPET 



nO/lOCHH AjIH BHMEC/lAB - aOKTOp (pwio- 
cotpcKnx HayK. KaHziHiiaT no/itfTHV€CKHX navn- Cobcthhk 
CoBera Myt^jraee Pocchh. Conpeace^aTe/ib nHtpopsiauu- 
OHHO-aHa/itmwecKoro uewrpa CoBera My^trnea Pocchh. 
Poawicft a MocKse 26 miohh 1 956 r. 

Okohvh/1 (^jfMoco^icKMP ijMKy/ii.rer Mockobckcto 
rocjiaapcTBeMMoro ynHaepaneTa iia aieuHa/itiHocin -co- 
UMO/iorwH", ^iMH/JOA;-: "KpHTMKa KOHiicnuMM "jyxa Kanxia- 
n»3»a' MsHca Be6epa-. 

1 980 — paCoTa/j B npaootyiaBHOK uepKBH vreuoM. 

1 983 - aaKotwu/i MocKOBCKyio jyxoBHyio ceMiwa- 

PHIO. 

1983-1985 - c/tynavt cBniueHHHKOM b CpeaHeH 
A3MM. 6tn HacTOfTTe/JeM uepnaH b /lyman6e, orKyna 6tin 
BbiaiaH coBOTCKHMH B/iacraMH, 

J 991 - BiMiie/7 3a arrar uepKBH, c 1 996 s ^etrrc/tbHO- 
cm uepKBH He ywaoBoaa/i. 1990-1993 - HapoaHUM 
aenyrar P0 ot Ka/iymcKoH oCnacm, ^t/ien BepxOBHoro 
CoBsra P<t>. uneu FlpesH^HiiMa BepxoBHoro Cosera P0. 
npeaceaare/ib KoMynera BepxoBHoro CoeeTa P0 no cbo- 
6oae coBecm. BepoHcnoBeaaHUftsi. MHnocepnMio m 6/iaro- 
TBoptrrenbHixTH. CoaBTop3aKonoBP<P'OcBo6oaeBepo- 
ucnoBeaanyiH- n "O cBo6one coaecm a o pe/iHrnasHtoi 
oCh&aHHeHHHX". MHorMx api^mx saKOHoaare/ibHbix hhh- 
utiaTMB n nonpaaoK. 

1993 - aaKOHiwi Zlrni/JOMaTMiecKyio atuuKMnio 
MHUP'P. 3aujwTM/?KaHflMaaTCKy(o^MccepTauM»nontMM- 
TonornnHaTeM\;-LlepKOBhnrocvnapcrBQBCCCPB 1971 
- 1991 raaax". 

Mapr J 994 - OKTft6pb 2000 -^KcnepT rocyaapcTBen- 
HoU /lyMbi P0, coBeTMHK KoMHTeTa no aenan o6uiecTBeH- 
Hbao<SiiennneHn(inpe/timio3HbixopraHH3autiii, rocyaap- 
cTB&iHbBi coBeTHHK 3 K/iacca. 

1 999 ~ Bbmycnvi iwHTy -Mii<}}. peminm. ixxynap- 
CTBO" o awflHHM pentirno3HbDi mhc^ob Ha nontrrymecnoe 
pa3Bimie o6meCTBa n aamimi/i aoKTOpcK'/io ancceprauHio 
no 0M/ioco(i>mi penumH na reiny '/liia/ieKTviKa Mnci>a m 
nonimitecKoe MHfpoTBopHecTBO'. Amop puna ny6/iHKa- 
una Ha pe/tnrno3Hbie h pe/jnrno3HC>-no/itTTHwecKne tsmu. 

B TOM me rony njifi/itwHO ofibSBM/J o caoew BosEpaaie- 
mm K EdMHo6o!Knio h McnoaejioBa/i naiati. npHHWi bto- 
pOe MMH ~ Ath- 

2000 - npenanaBaje/ib Mockobckofo nonaNCKoro 
KO/meaxB (cpaBMMTefibHoe pe/iHrnoBenenne). Bbinycnvi 
KHMry 'Flpnuofi nyrh k Bory. b Kuropoit pacKptrrbi 6orT> 
c/ioBCKne ocHoaw. no6j/«flaKimMe xpycmaHHHa npHHmb 

FIpeaceaaTenb pe/THruojHOH opraHMsauuM M^cynir 
MaH 'flpfiMofi nyrh' s Mockbc, 

2001 - oanH M3 paapaSoTwyiKOB 'OcHOBHux nonoiife- 
HHft coL/Ha/JbHOj) nporpaMMbi poccaficKHX Mycy/itMaH", 
BNnyzi/eHHwx Cobgtom MytpTHes Pocchh. 

C HondpH 2001 - r/jasHWH peaaKrop o6mepoccHiic- 
KO« HeaaBMCMMofi raaerbi 'Bee 06 HasoMe: 



OTEU TAEB HKyHHH 

Poatmcfi B McxKoe a 1934 roay a ceMte MyauKanra. 
rioTepnB Bepy b Bora b panned tonocm. eepHyncn a 
KpHcmaHCTBO noa B/innMneM AneKcaunpa Menu, c koto- 
puM y^n/ictt B HpnyrcKOM ce/ibxamHCTTTTyre. 

6 1 958 roay. no OKOHvawHH tiHcnnyTa, nocrymtn a 
MocKOBCKyio ayxoBHyio ceMMHapmo. no noa naa/ieHHeM 
KFE 6biA HCii/>K>ieH. Padora/i a,napHuHOM. neo^MM, nca- 
nOMiuHKOM B uepuBMX r. Mockbw. 



1 asrycra 1 962 rona pyKononomen b can CBftmsH- 
HMKa. Oiymnn b xpaMax ropoaoB Sapadcua M/lMHrpOBa, 

B 1965 rony BMCcre co CBHUieMHUKOM HimonaeM 
DuviHMaHOM obunynM/i c OTnphiuiiM hhcimom npoiecra 
npoTWB Kon/ia6opaunoimcTCKoii nomrmim pyKOBoacrsa 
MocKOBCKOM FlaTpHapxHH. B Mae 1966 rcua oreu F/iefi 
Sbw noaBepmyr 3anpemennio b caaiaeHHOcnymeHHii c 
0opMy/mpoBHon: 'Bnpeab no paCKasHHd-. 

B 60 ■ 70-x ronax oreu VneO - nemenbHbiH y^acTHMS 
npaBOsaunrmoronainKeHHii. B 1976 roay-coy^pejiiTTQ/it, 
H npeaceaarenb -XpncmaHCKOro KOHtrrera sauiifni npaa 
aepytowHX a CCCP'. Ho apecra (I HonGpn 1 979 roaa) 
ony6/inKOBen cothh MaTepaanoB, cBnnerenbCTByiouiMX o 
MaccoBOM noaaa/ieMHM pe/iMrMosHoti CBo6onbi B CCCP. 
3™ MaTepna/ibi no/jywM/iM lUMpoKMfl Me/KayHapo^Hbiii 
pesoHanc. 

28 aBrycTB 1980 roaa ocymaen MocropcyaoM no 
crarbe 70. HacTbl. 3a •aHTHCooercKyic antraunK) unpona- 
raHoy. Bbin ysHHKOu /leipopTOBCKofi nopbMU n noAtrrH- 
iiecKoro/iarepiinepMb-37ao 1985 roaa. mtcm oT*i>niiaa 
c no/roBHHoU roaa ccw/ikh b flKyniH 8 noce/JKe fclHUKvaw. 

B J 987 rojy BMecre c npymMH yaHHKaMM cobbcth 
aMMHCTHpoaaH. aepHyncfi a Mocusy h noc/ie 21 roaa 
Haxo)KneHHn noa sanpemeHHSM BoccraHOB/jen JlarpHap- 
xtieU B cane cBfluieHHMKa, Haana'teH c/iynarrb b HnKonbc- 
KOM xpane B cene XeraaoBo MockobckoR oC/racro. 

B 1 990 rony nafipaH aenyraTou BepxosHoro CoseTa 
POPCP. ytiacTBOsa/i b pafiore nan 3aK0HOM o cao6oae 
BepoHcnoaeaaMnii, cnoco6cTBOBa/j OTKpbnmo hhothx xpa- 
MOB H »OHacTbipeH. Qny6nnKQBan apxH^tbte MaTepna/ibi 
KFB o coTpyoHtmecTBe uepKOBHOU HOMeHKnarypbi c roc- 
CeaonacHocTbio. <t>aKTjiiecKn 3a pacKptjme 3tiix apxHsoB 
1 HOflfipj? 1993 roaa MockobckoH narpnapxneH 6bi/i 
npoTMBoaaKOHHO /lumen caHa CBHuiehHHna. 3ro peiueHMe 
He npusHan h e iieapane 1 994 roaa 6bi/i npMHirr b •cyuieu 
cane' b lopMcaMKumo y«pafincKOM IlpaBocaaaHoti UepK- 
BH n Hanpaa/ien cay?Kirn> CBnmenHMHOM BorOHsaeHCKoro 
Co6opa ropoaa HornncKa. 

B 1993-1995 roaax - aenyrar FiepBOfi rocymp- 
cjBennOH /lyMbi, B 1 995 roay oprann30oa/i OGmsciaen- 
HbiH KOMHTST aauiynv CBo6osbi coBecm. 

8 ceHTn6pii 2000 roaa npiwna ywanwe b coaaawMM 
HOBOH pe/tnrno3noii oprnMHsauHH - UspKBH ripaaoc/JaB- 
Horo BcopcuKjeHMfl. 



BAHEPHR BACH/IbEBHH EOPIUEB 

PoaH/tcn 1 RHBspB 1 943 roaa. 06pa3OBaNHe Bbiciuee 
- OKOHiH/i MocKOBCKHd rocyaapcTBeHHbiH ynHBepafrer 
MMeHH M.B/loMOHOcoBa. mypHaancr. Aktmbh^jm y^acr- 
HHKOM npaB03amnTHoro OBtvKeHMn cra/J noc/K snaKOM- 
cTBa c AftapceM CaxapoBbiM b 1975 r<wy. B 80-e roan 
pa6ara/i b <Pom.e Co/aieHnubiHa. 0pranii3OBbiBa/i no- 
Moujf. nOAHTiaK/no'ieHHbiu h hx csmwim 

C 1 990 no 1 993 roabi ~ aenyrar Moccoaera, npea- 
ceaaTenb Komhcchm no CBoCoae coaecTH. aepoHcnoBeaa- 
HHHM, MnaocepanK3 h tnaroTBoptnenbHOCTW. OanH m3 
Ha f Hwa re/icH xpHCmaHCKO-aeMOKpa rmecKoro uawKeHna. 

C 1 994 no 1 999 roabi - aenyrar PocyaapcTBeuHoU 
ZIyMw nepBoro n aroporo co3biBOB, w/tch tJjpaKUMM "flO/io- 
KO". fiB/iaacft aaMecnTTeaeu npeaceaarean KoMMrera To- 
cyaapcjB^nHofiQyMbi itoaenaM o6mecTBeHMbix o6beanHe- 
HUM H pe/7nr>f03HWX oprannaauHii, •neHOM Kommccmm 
rocyaapcTBeHHOH /lyMbi no npOBepxe (paKTOB napyme- 



-MPTA* W3e-40 2DD4 



4 MM mum 



135 



Hurt npeiB nojiospeBaeMbix n o6BiiHHeMbix b coBepuieHnn 
npeciyn/ieHuH. ccu3ep)t<amnxcn b c/jejicTaeHnux hbo/wto- 
pax n n3onfnx>pax BpeMennoro codepxamm cucreMu 
MB/1 PoccuH. 

npeaceaaTenb IlocTOfiHHoii na/rarbi no npaaau wc/70- 
BBKa rio/iHTHsecKoro KOHcy/itTa-niBHaro cosera npn flpe- 
anaeirre PoccuflCKOfi ^PenepauHH, i/ieH riommi^ecKoro 
KOHcynbTamBHoro coaera npn flpejHneMre Pocchmckdm 
<Peaepaunn. 

Flpeac&aaTe/ib AHTummnrapuCTCKoii paawfia/TbHoU 
accouHauMH. 

^/iGH Coaera HHpexropoB PoccuficKoro orne/ieHHR 
Me!tuiyHaponnofi accounaum) pe/imvoaiiofi CBoCioabi. 

4/icH CoBera no BjaifMozieficTBHio c pe/TMrM03HUMM 
oSbejWHeHHHMH npM flpeannem-e Pocchhckom Oe/iepa- 

UHH. 

HneH MemayHapoanoro HenpaBure/ibcrsemioro Tpn- 
6yHa/ia noae/ty o npecryn/ieHunx npontB fe/ioBei^nocTn h 
BoeHHLix npecryn/ieHMftx a ^eiencKoii Pecny6ftiiKe. 

Hnea Komucchm npa HpeanaeHre Poccmwckoh 'Pe- 
aepauHM no EoeHHonneHHtiM, MtfrepmipoBaHHbin h npo- 
naBiuHM 6e3 eecTH- 

•J/iew hiaunoHa/ibnoro KOMmeia no npoBeneMnio 
Voaa npas •4enoBeKa b Pocchhckom <J>enepaumi. 

4/ieH MocKoacKOM Xe/JbcUHKCKoH rpynnbi. 

H/ieH npaB03auiKmoii HHMimaTUBMoii rpynnti ■•06- 
mee neHcTBHe' . 

4/ieH Coaera 06mepoccMiicKoro npaBosaitarmoro 
OBHHteHUfi '3a npaaa ^enoaeKa: 



CEPfEft AaAMOBHM KOBA/IEB 

PonH/iCH 2 Mapja 1930 rona b r. Cepeanna-Byaa 
CyMCKoH o6n. (VKpamiaj. a ceMbe >Ke/ie3HoaopoiKiinn3. B 
1932 r. ceMbn KoBaneBa nepeesjuasr non MocKay. a 
noc.rioannnKii. B1954r. oHOMiMrt OMOt^K MrV. BncxpH- 
3HK. cncuHa/iMCT a o6nacni wejipOHHux cereH. ?Khj h 
pa6oTa/i B MocKoe. Ony6nyiKOBa/i 6onee 60 Hay^HMX 
paficT: B 1 964 r. 3auinnt/i anccepramiio n nony^no >we- 
nyio creneHb KataiMnaxa 6Mo/JortnecKHX wayK. 

C cepeoHHW 1 950-x rr. npHHKMa/i ywacTwe s fiopbCe 
npoTMB -yjeHna /Iucchko" - aitrHHaywHoU jioirrpuHbi, 
rocnoacTBOBaaiueii a coaercKoH 6nonornn « nonnepitmBa- 
ewoH napTMftMoft B/iacTWo, C 1 968 r. Kofla^eB npuMtajy/i 
K soaHHHaBiucMy Toraa SBHMGimio a sauany npaa le/ioae- 
Ka B CCCP. B Mae 1 969 r. aouie/r a cocrafl MwHUHanfaHOf) 
rpynnw samMTw npas 'ie/ioseKa s CCCP - nepaoH neaaan- 
cnMoAnpeB03auinrHoiio6iuecTBeMHoiiaccouuaunuBCTpa- 
He. 

C1971 r, oH-QflHHM3BeflymMxywacmHK0BM3aaHH>f 

'XpOHHKH TCKVIUHX C06linHH" - MaUIMHOnHCHOro HH<pop- 

MauMOHHoro 6}onnerreHn cobstckmx npaBoaauurmMKoa. 
28nena6pH 1974r. HoaaneB 6iiin apecTOBan no o6BMHe- 
HHio a 'aHTHcoBeiCKofi artrrauMH a nponaraHae*. 

Buenadpe 1975rojacydnpHroBopn/ieroK 7 rosiaM 
narepeH crpororo pemMMa h 3 roaaM ccbinnM. CpoK 
oiSbzaa/j B CKonbHHHCKHX (nepMCKHx) narepwi m b 4mcto- 
no/ibCKO^ TiopbMe: a cai/JKy 6bi/i ompaB/ien na Ko/iuMy. 
rio otCltthh cpoKa cctunat nocenytncn b r. Ko/TMHHMe 
(HbiHe Taepb). 

B ronbi nepecTpoHKH aepny/icn a MocKsy. flpMHUMa/i 
yvacme b paa/iMWHwx olSwQCTaenHLix nHinjHarnBax: oso- 
awi B opmohofTeT Me>KaynaponHoro ryMaHtnapHoro ce- 
Munapa faenadpb 1 987). •^acmoaan a co3aa»MH npecc- 
K/iy6a •FnacHOCTbi', b y^pejiurenkHon Cbeaae oduecraa 



-McMOpwa/i" (c 1 990 - conpeMceaarenb sroro o6iuecTBa). 
B 1 989 r. somen a MocKOacKyio XenbcuHKcnyio rpynny. C 
1990 no 1993 n. - aenyrar Cbesaa napoaHbix yienyraroB 
PoccuH. ij/iew npe3ivwyMa Bepxaanoro Coaera Pocchh- 
cKoH <Peaepaunn. Moanuibi, s 1993 m 1995 rr.. 6bi/i 
HafipaH nenyraTOM rocyaapcrBeHHoU JJyubi P<P. C 1996 
raaa - laen pqcchhcko^ aeAeraumi Ha napnaMemvKofi 
AccanS/iee Coaera EBponu. 

B 1993 r. npHHfi/j amnBHoe y^acme s coaaaHMH 
asHmeHHH, a aaresi n naprnn •'Bbt6op Pocchm- (nbiHe - 
"/lenoKparrpiecKuii Bbi6op Pocchu-). 4/TeM rionirrcoBerra 
HBP. ripencenare/ib KoMwrera no npaaati lenoBeKa Bep- 
xoBHoro Coaera Poccnn (1990-1993): npeacenare/ib 
KoMHCCMM no npsaau ■jeyioBCKa npw ripejuasHTe Poccmh 
{c 1993: a nuaape 1996 noaan a orcraBKy). 

B flHBape 1 994 r. HsOpaH nepatiM VnonHOMo^ieH- 
HbiM no npaeaw weiioaeKa (cueuieH focyimpcTBeHHOfi 
QyMOH c 3Toro nocra s Maprc 1 995). 

Koaanea - ohhh H3 aaropoB PoccHdCKOfI HeK/iapa- 
OHH npaa fenoBeaa w rpa«aaHMHa (nHBapt. 1991)- paMo^- 
Horo nOKyMSHTa. onpe^e/inamero 6ynymne KOHcrHiyun 
oHMbie HopMw PoccMMCKOfi <PeaepauHh b oCnacm npas 
^enoBSKa. Hrpa/t ae/iyiiiyio po/ib b paapaSorxe 2-ii r/iaahi 
Hbine aeHcTEyioiiieH KoHcmryuHH Pocchh - -ripaBa n 
cBoGoabi HenoaeKa h rpamaotwHa-. a rauxe puna (peae- 
pa/ibHux 3aK0HOB. 3aTpaniBaiomHX npo6/ieMarHKy npaa 
'K/JOBena. 

B 1 994- 1 996 rr. Koaa/ieo nony^un mnponyio naae- 
cmocTb KSK noc/ieaoBaTe/JbHbni n pc3KHfl xptmiK no/MTH- 
KH KpeMJH s Wewwe. B nepawe «e hhh bohhu oh ompaa- 
nasrcn b paHon Soeaux aeHcTBiiii. •Fpynna Koaa/ieaa», 
cocTomuaa to puna jenyraroa m npeacTaatnenefi o6me- 
CTBeHHbtx opraHHaauHH, coOwpacr nH<popMaLSMio o npo- 
HCxoanweM h npyiKnanbiBaer uaKCuua/itJibie ycnAHn. mjjh 
roro tro6bi ara HHtfyopMauHn no/ry^yvia innpoKyio or/iac- 
Ky. fTpH noanepmKe o6mecTBa •MeMOpna/i' h paaaapymx 
o6uiecTBeHHbix opranHaauHd coaaaercn Mnccnfi Vnonno 
MowcHHoro no npaaan ^e/ioacKa Ha CeaepHou Kaanax (c 
Mapra - Mhcch« odwecmeHHbix opraHH3aiinii nozi pyKO- 
BoacTBOM C.A.KoBa/ieaa). Koaa/tea h ero xo/i/ieru cbnva- 
nn peuiatom/io po/ib a cnacennn sa/ioxHHKOB s EyaewHOB- 
CNe B niotie 1995 r. 

Harpanu, npeMHH, noMemue sBaHHii: 
npeHHn MefiujyHapoaHO{i /Jh™ npas •le/ioaeKa. 
-3a efweu b iie/7o ^eMOKparun-. 
npeMMft Coaera Eaponbi. 
^eiucKaa npetmn -'-lenoaeK e 6aae". 
ripeMwn MM. 5. KpaUcKoro. 

npemW'Sonoroanaparpa^-nonbCKoroKypHana-Praiuo 

i ^yciei) {"SanoH w mu3Hb»). 

HpeMHH HM Teaaopa XanKepa ropoaa 3cnnHreH-Ha-HeK- 

nape. 

Opaen 'Puuapb "Ycctom qewwcKofl PccoiAimkh tl^Kepna 

iorKaianat or nony^eHHg ao KOHua leieHCKod bohhu. 

Opaen apy^eii aanaape 1997 r.). 

HKipHdeprcKoa npcMHH no npaaaM le/JOBexa. 

/TpevMH no npaaaM 'lenoaeKa HopaeMCuoro XenbCMHKt- 

Koro KoMKTera. 

B 1 995 MB 1 996 noMnHnpoBa/icn na coHcxaHne Ho6enea- 

CKOH npesfHH MMpa. 

DowcmhM rp-H KpaKosa. flo^embai noxrop ueanumibi 

KaytaccKoa aKaaennH MeoMHO-Grianarn'iecKHx HayK. 

no^eman aoxropcKaa creneHb b o6/\acrn npaa <ie/70Bena 

ScceKCKoro yHHeeparrera. 

npenHn KeHHe/in. 



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BP020JIIX STGd 

ApOtlBM SeXJAXlL «OOHm 



3Qwfiu*% a eBoQox; Mnx»« «oi75i» k p*cnpo- 




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SHBym * /»/. 1 '-A ) '41 »BOCM 1969 row. 



£ MM«Ct BtofxeHW b ^cxoeJonoB* " Cjx tax 

CjitjicTBM BO Jktxy tau PftbM ■ Ilesps rpsropMsna 
rrxro^ts^tA}. - Hoiub nptcuxosBBKH wexos* - Sua- 
•yx«<fnM iwnMtcitM BptnaxoMNU. - Mwoetx 
etMnxtn. - &m»w •eofiwuii* - Hcafmanii « 









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^ MS NCTOPm NHAKDMblCANII 



137 



/leoHapfl TEPHOBCKHPi 



CAPA "XPOHHKE" 



B BOCnOMHKaHHSX JHCCHjeHTOB M B CTlTbilX nOCT- 
COBCTCKOii WypHinilCTHKH tlpaBOiamilTHOM JBIKKeHHH 

nopoH KaK HTO-TO o6iuen3BecTHoe vnoMHHaeTcsi «Xpo- 
HHKa». XoTH Bpii;i j1H jia^Ke nmuyuiiie ua jiHCCMiieKTCKHe 

TCMU JKJpHaTHCTbl (HC fOBOpjI VyKC o6 HX HHTaTeJIttx! ) 

iiMeioTHCHoe npeiicTaajieHHeo63TOM nopasHrejibHOM h 
yHKKajibHOM (j>eHOMeHe nauieti Hotieftuicii ticTopKH. 

4to «e TaKoe - i<XpoHHKa»? Kto-to otbetht - 
Bbi.na xahas caviHijaTCKan to ;ih rasera. to .ih jfcypHan. 
ToHeHbKHe TaKiie. oiCTyKaHHbie Ha MauiHHKC .thctohkh. 
cueaieHKue KaMuejiopcKoi) CKpenKoii. H ja 3th Maiuu- 

HOnMCHbie .THCTOHKH - CaSKOJlU. 

- H BOBce He Mam HHonHCHbie, - B03pa3HT apyroR. - 
fl caM KaK-ro bhjcji jBa TOJicxeHHbix cepwx Towa cipa- 
KHu non 500, BbinyiueHt^bix. noMHHTcn. B AucTepiiaMe. 

- ^ He B AMCTepaaMe, a b Hbio-fiopKe, - cKascT 
TpcTHfi. - H He To.iCTue Towa, a cpejHHx pasMcpoB 
sejieHbie lerpaaKH. Ohk Me;:bKa,iH HKoroa cpc;iH nona- 
jiaBuiero b CCCP TaMHiaaTa. 

Kto npae? Bee npaBu. Ho HaH6ojiee sepen nepBbifl 
OTBCT. HSo cocTaR.TJLTacb «XpoHHKa» Bcerjia b Cobctc- 
KOM Co(03e. Aa. c 74-ro roaa (a poaHJiaei. «XpoHHKa» b 
68-M)28-fi H nooieaytOLUHe ee HOMepacTajiH no uepe 
nocTynneHHn nepeHuaBBTbCH b ClUA iisjiarejibCTBOM 
«XpOHHKa», C03jaHHbiM jMHrpiipoBaBuiiiM ki CCCP 
BauiepMCM HajiHiie. (EnponeM, h panbuie MHome Bbi- 
nycKii «XpoHHKH» BMecTe c apyrHMH MaTepxajiaMti ca- 
MH^aaTa nepeneMaTbiBa.iHCb MsaaTCibCTBow "Iloceaw)- 
A repeue 27 HOMepoe «XpOHHKH» 5biJiH b 1979 ro;^ 
coopaHu H nepeH3flaHu b AMCTepaawe <I>ohjiom hmchh 
repiiena. 

...Ho Bce 3TO 6bLTo cnycTH roiibi h roau. A Toriia, b 
KDHLie 60-x. TOHeHbKiie BbinycKH «XpoHHKii». nepexo.in 

JIOBepKieJIbHO OT 3HaKDMDrO K IHaKOMOMy. pa3MH0)Ka- 

jiHCb Ha MaiuHHKax (HacTO - Ha nannpocHOfi 6yMare, 
iTo6u Sojibuie 3K3eManBpoB nojiytajiocb b oaHoH jqk- 
jiajuce) H paineTa;iHCb cnanajia no Mockbc. a tbm - na 
VKpaHHy, B JlcKHHrpaa. b TauiKCHT. b npH6a.iTHK\ - ii 
no uccMV CoK>3y. H oOpaTHWvi tokom. TO«e ot SHaKOMO- 
ro K 3HaKOMOMy. b MocKsy creKajiHCb pyMei^Kx HHi^p- 

AMUHH. TOM, UTO TOraa OCrpO B0.1H0Ba,10 MHOTHX. 

HeM Mbi jorajuBa.iHCb (ue npejcTaBJinn, Brrpoieu. Mac- 
lUTadoB npoHcxoaJimero) h o hcm Mojisana (hiTH nnura!) 



HeoHBpd BopucoBu^ TepHoecKuO - epa^, y^asmmx duccudeH- 
mcKoio daumeHUfi c 1968 a. 'Ane» nPa6oteu kouuccuu no 
pacc/iedoeaHuio ucnanbioeanufi ncuxuampuu e nomimu^ec- 
KUi iienaxu '-lnen «Mocko«ciiou ipynnbi codeucmgun ebinon- 
HSHunXanbcuHKCKux coaneuiemQi' B 1980eodyapecmoaaH 
3a npaeaiaiuuniHyiQ OenmepbHocmo npueoeopeit k mpem eo- 
dau nuuiOHutt cea6odbi B 1991a peadunumupoeau. 



«...mpydycepdHttu, 6e3biMJinHuu...it 
A. C. fJyiUKUH 

Bcx coBercKaa npecca. nojiHTKHecKwx cynax h o no- 

JlHTJaK-lWieHMblX (Mbl-TO ilyMajlH - «nOJlHTHHeCKHX» 

MOWHo ceroaHH nepenecTb no na-ibuaw. aeab ceflnac he 
cranHHCKHe epeMeHa, He noaospeBan. iio »x h Tenepb 

COTHH HCOTHH). 

npoTecTHbtx nticbMax b cbjiih c sthmh cyaiwH- 
maMH (oKa3i>iBaeTcn. noj hmmh MHorKe aecaxKH h cothh 
nonnMcefl, Hcpeaw hhx H3BecTHefiiiine.iFOflH-nHcaTe- 
.iH, yveHue), O BbicjiaHHbrx kpmmckhx Taiapax, koto- 

pblM He n03B0.1SKJT BepK\TbCS Ha pOaHHy (a OHH npHBO- 

3«t b MocKBy neiHUHH c ThrcHiaMi) h aecuTKaMH Tbicni 
noiinHcef)). O cneuncHx6o;ibHHuax 3a iiHaKOMMcjiHe. 
(Heyace-iH raKoe bo3mo)kho b XX bckc? Benb aawe cto 
c jinuiHHM .ler Hasaa, npw HiiKOJiae I, Haaaaeaa ne 
sanepjiH a aypjioM, a TCntKo odinBiuiM cvMaciueaiuHM). 
A npecjie.iOBaHHB (c .larepHUMH cpOKaMii!) 3a pejiH- 
PHK)?! A aBiiaieHHe cBpeeB ja Bhiesn b H3pan;ib?! 

EeccTpacTHaH. 6e30ueKO'<Ha)i(TOjibKo (jiaKTbi!) hh- 

(|)OpMaUHJI «XpOHHKHW OTKpblBaTia MHTCJlJIHreHUHH na- 

3a na uenbie ruiacTU HeH3BecTHbix eH h HenpiiBbiiHbix 
nBJieHHJt. H 3THM craBHjia Hac nepea BuSopoM. 

Kto jKe BbinycKa.1 "XpoHHKy»? H3-3a nocTOXHKbix 
npecjiejoBaHKfl 3tot HH(|)opMauHOHHbifl 5K),ijTeTeHb no- 
HCBOJie Bbixoiiai bhokhmho. CerojHH o lex, kto era 




wwwKtrtaorg 



138 



^ 113 NCTOPNH NHAKOMblCJIHH 



cocraBJiiui, mowho, HaKOHeu. roeopiTTb oTKpuTo h 6ei- 
SoaiHCHHO. OcHOBaTCJicM H nepBbiM peaaKTopoM «Xpo- 
HKKH» OMjia HaTiiibSi ropGaHCBCKaa. no)T, npaBosaiiiMT- 
HHK, H.neH Mr IHHUtfuamueNOU ^pynnbi no laufume npae 
laioeeKa e CCCP. - fJpUM. ped.). B ja-ltHCRtueM - 
nojiHnatiicieHHaji KasaHCKOfi CHE. noc.ie ocBo6o«ae- 
HHJi Bb]H\-*2eHHas B iieKa6pe 1975 roaa 3MnrpHpoBaTb 
Bo<l>paHuiiK). BroCjiejiCTBHH ii3-3anocToaHHbixpenpec- 
ciiit KPE y «XpOKHKH» CMeHiuiocb HecKonbKO pejiaK- 
UHfi. Ho o6 3T0M n paccKaKj no3aHee, 

CKOJibKO Jier Buxo^iiiia »XpoHiiKa»? Kaweics ne- 
BepoHTHbiu. HO BonpeKii HenpepuBHUM )i siecTOKiiM 
npec.ie;ioBaHH9iM. BonpcKH HeojKOKpaTHbiM peiueHHHM 
KPB OKOHHarejitHO sanasKTb «XpoHHKy» k raKOMy-TO 
cpoKy 3Ta;ieronHCb ConpoTiiB.ieHHH npoaepjKajiach no;i- 
Topa :iec)iTHJieTiu9 iiBb]nycKa.iac!>nojnojibHoc 1968 no 
1982 roji. H3BecTH0 64 cociaBJieHHWx 3a 3to BpeiHJt 
BhinycKa. 3tc) Sojibiue niiTH TbiCHi crpaHHii. 3to pac- 
ck-a] o cyabSax CBbime nojiyTopa Tbicim yiHHKOB 

COBeCTII l( OTMCHHeCJIHLlJHMM HOilBeprillHXCH HHblM 

- BHCcyiieGHbiM - npeoeztOBaHHHM Jiwaeti. 

...HaiipaiiiMBaeTCfl conocTa&jieHiie c nepBoH pyc- 
CKofi 6ecueH3ypHott raieroft. iiijaBaBuieftcn b 3MHrp3- 
lUiH fepuenoM HOrapeBbiM b 1857-1867 rr. Hx«Ko;io- 
KOJi» BuxoaiiJi aea. HHoraa ipw h icTbipe paaa h mcchu. 
Bcero 6w.io HanenaiaHO 245 HOMepoB. no.iHUHa h rafi- 
Hue cjiy>K6bi BCCMepHO npennTCTBOBajiii npoKifKHOse- 
HHIO 3MHrpaHTCKHX HSOaHHi! B PoCCHflCKyiO HMnepKfo, 
HO »KojioKo.i» Bce pasHo uiHpoKo HHTajiao6pa30BaHKaH 
PoccHH. KoHCHHO, Bpymti u Kaccuu 3-i'o omdeiemm 
MorjiH nonbiTaibCd BUKpacTb (hjih npocro ySHTb) jiepa- 
Kiixj]OHaoHCKH!(«nponaraHiincT0B'>. H FepucH nojiynan 
npeaocTepe*eHHSi o nojoSHbix hx HaMepeHHJix. Ho e 
npotcwmoe ifapcKoe epeMH (rOBOpa h3i.ikom coaeTCKoro 
c;ieHra)TaRHbiecjiyiK6b] npeflnoHHTa;iH Bce-raKH H36e- 
raTb npHMOft yranOBuiHHu. A penaKTOpbi «XpoHHKH» 
>KiinH B CoBercKOM CoK>3e k noTouy Sujih desiauKTHu 
nepeii npoii3Bo;ioM sjiacreii. 

B xapaKTCpe cawHX HSJiaHHii HcmaJio cxoiKcro. Kax 
a «KojioKo.i». «XpoHKKa» pacCKasusana o co6uthiix h 
<t)aKTax, Koropbix yManiHBa.iii (hjih HCTOJTK0BbiBa;iH 
>ix npeapaTHo) H^nasaBiiiiieoi b Pocchk noiiueHiypKbie 
raserti. Ho FepueH h Orapee Macro ne^arajiH b cBoefi 
raseie npoGjicMHue craibH h nySJiHUHCTHicy. «XpOHH- 
Ka» in6era.ia nySJiHUHCTHKH. BnpoieM. HHoraa h Ha ee 
cTpaHHuax - KaK HajiKicCTByioiii)ic (|)aKTbi oSiucctbch- 
HMX BtJCTynjieHHfi - nowemajiHCb: HCKpojior A. Tsap- 
iiOBc:KOMy(A. CoJTKeKKUbrHa): craTbnJI. MyKOBCKofi b 
aainMiyM. Jl*eMHjieBa:nHCbMoT. XojopobhmJI.ITjiio- 
my H T. n. 

«Ko^iOKOJi» paccKa3b[Ba.i ncpofl o codbiTtux nejia- 

JlCKOfl HCTOpHH (KaHpHMep. O wHOBropoaCKOM B03My- 

mcHHH 1831 r.ii). B HCKOTopwy HOMepax "XpoHHKHW 
raicKe nonajajiacb py6pnKa ullpoiieccbi npotu^ibix jieT». 
BcTpeHa;iHCb ii pauiHHiiH. ripaBOiaiuHTHoe jiBiiwe- 
HHC (ro.nocoM KOToporo 6biJia «XpoHiiKa») npiisbisa-io 
BJiacTK K coo.iioiieHiiio cyiueCTByMiuHx taKOHOB. «Ko- 
JIOKDJIH BbicT\'na.i 3a KopeKHbte petfiopMbJ. npaB03am)tT- 

HHKH [13Ha<)a.nbI10 6bUlH npOTHBHllKaMH HaCH-lbeTBCH- 



Hbix aeflcTBHfl. TepucH h OrapcB hc OTBcprajin b icopHH 
iia»e KpoBaaux peBo.iiouHn: "...onu 6bieaiom iinocda 
Heo6xodu.vbi». Ho, OTMeia-i Tepuen.c tommm «pacmem 
e HOC omepauiSHue om Kpoeaeux nepeeopomoe/'. "Ka- 
KOM 6bi Kpoeb HU meKio. c^e-Hu6ydb mcKym C7e3w». H 
OTBenafl Ha «nHCbMO h3 npOBHHUHH» PyccKoco '^e.ioee- 
KO. npiiibiBaBuiero: iKmonopy loeiime Pycb!u. fepLCH 
nHca.i: kHo k munopy Mti jearni> «e OyOtLy Ou mux nop, 
noKO ocmaemcfi xomb odna pojyMHOn HadsMrda aa pa'i- 
ejisKy oei monopau. 

KHHrH Fepuena crajiH BKOBb neiaTarboi b Pocchh 
nocjie peBo.iiouHH I905roJia, cnycTB35 jiernocjiecMcp- 
THaBTopa. A caM «Ko.iokoji» 6uji (t)aKCHMH.ibHo nepeH3- 
aaH TOJibKo B 60-x roaax XX BCKa, 

BnepBue nyejiHSHO paccKasbisatb o «XpoHHKe» 
CTajio B03M0<KHbiM B PoccHH B 1989 roav. HasepHO. we 
Mhe oziHOMV naMHTHM npaBoiaiuHTHbie aenepa s aoMe 
KyjibTvpbi MAH H B KJiySe «Me3HK». A s Mae 1993 roaa 
jKypHaji (lOroHCKit (c THpa«OM cflwiiie leTBcpTH mh.ijih- 
OHaDHaneiaTa-icTaThK) AjieKcaHJipaflaiiii3.is«TaK Ha- 
HiiHajiacb "XpoHHKa")'. Ho noapo6Horo paccKa3a 06 
3T0M jierenaapHou oiojijiereHe hct h no cefl jCHb. 

y6e>KaeH, mto «XpoHHKa» 6bLia HHHVTb He MCHb- 
iiiHM aB;ieHneM b OTeneCTBeHHOft iicropHH. icm repue- 
HOBCKiin "KojiokOjIb. H OKaiajia hc MCHbiiiee Boiaefl- 
CTBHe Ha cyabSbi Pocchh. PasyMeeics. H3itaBaBiii)inc>[ b 
3MHrpamiH <(Ko.iokoji» He nsMeHun (aa h He Mor H3Me- 
HHTb!) Kypc poccHficKoro Kopa5ji)i. A <iXpoHHKai> no- 
flofiKof) laiiaiH BOODiue ne crasHJia. Kpax TOTajiHTap«3- 
Ma B aerycTe 1 99 1 r. 6biJT cicacTBHCM MHO»ccTBa npH- 
HHH - 3K0H0MHiecKHx. nojiHTHiecKHx, couHanbHwx. 3a 
jicirHe 73 roaa 6ojibuieBHCTCKaa THpaHHn H3>KH.ia ce6ji 
H o6aKKpoTHiiaeb HaeojsorHHecKH. 3roT Kpax. saiacTyio 
Heoco3HaHHo. noaroTaejiHeajio MHowecTBo HauiHx co- 
rpaiKaaH. Tyr h nepBwRcoBeTCKHfi peitropMaTop H. Xpy- 
uiea, ocBo6oaHBiiiHB MHome tmchhh 5e3BHHHbix y3HH- 
KOBHnoaoxKBUiHft Kaiajio pa3o6;iaseKHio crajiHHCKO- 
ro Kyai.Ta. H noc.neaHHfi npeo6pa30BaTejTb CCCP M. 
rop6atieB. He co3HaBaBuiHt). Kvja aeiiyT npOBOiiiiMbie hm 
pe<|>OpMb[. H CTaBUlHJ) MOriLlbUlltKOM KOMMyKKCTimec- 
Kofl jTonHH. Pa3o6jia4eHHK> peiKHMa cnoco6cTBOBanH 
ryjiBBiuHe b caMH3JiaTe jiarepHue BOcnoMHHaHHH EBre- 
HHH rHH36ypr. B. lllaaaMOBa. O. BojiKosa, Ek. OjihukoK 
11 ap., HCTopHoco(|KKiie 3cce r. rioMepaHua. A. AMa.ib- 
pHKa. B. Typiiina h MHomx apyrnx. H oopbfia - Ha Boae 
H B aarepnx - TuctiH npaB03aiiiHTHHK0B. HauiioHa.ioB. 
peaiirno3HHK0B. H repoH^ecKoe npoTHBOcrosHHe Tiipa- 
MiiiecKOMV pewiiMv aKaaeuHKa CaxapoBa » niicaTeiiH 
CojiwCHHUbiHa, noBcaaBuiero Mupy cipaiuHyK) npasay 
npo «ApxHnejiar rVJlAPrt. BonpeKn cbohm HawepeHH- 
HM Kpaxy T0TanHTapH3Ma nopoCi cnocoScTBcsaa h KrB; 
TBK, OH He npeaBnae.i. 4to ocyiKacHHe nHcarejiefi Cw- 
HHBCKoro H /laHHXis K 7 II 5 roaaw i<cTpora4a» bckojIwx- 
Her Becb Miip h OKawercsi roaiKOM a.in B03HMKHOBeHiin b 
CCCP npaBOjaiuHTHoro aBH>KennH. fla h repoHTOKpaibi 
H3 riojiHTfiiopoTyno caviopa3o6aa4ajiH nepea bcem mh- 
poM BoaMbio c\ lUHoCTb CBOcro pe^KHMa - noaaB-icHiieM 
BCHrepCKOfi peBOaiouHn b 1956 may, lexocaoBauKHx 



-KAPTA' NB3B-40 2004 



4 113 NCTOPNI NHAKOMblCANH 



139 



pe(}K)pM B 1968-M. arpeccHeft b A4iraHHCTane b 1979-m, 
Cjiobom. no6ejaHaaTHpaHHefl HHKowy hc npHHaajiestnT 
KOHKpeTHO. OHa nopOfKiieHa coBOKynHot) paooTofi Mtic- 
JiH MHOyKCCTBajiHLL CTanH luioaoM Hx- nopofi pa3H0Han- 
paBjicHHbrx - iieflcTBHfl H yciiJiMti, H. cieaoBaTcibHo. ee 
noJiniiHHbii) asTop - HCTopHig. Ho cboio (HeMaTi^io!) 
jienrvBiiejioiiyxoBHoropaCKpenoiiieHKfiHaLiieftcTpaHbi 

BHCCiia H«XpOHHKaii. 

Bee oTCHecTBeHHoe ConpoTMB-ieHHe 60-80-x ro- 
aOB OieHb MHOrMM 06H3aH0 3T0My CKpOMHOMy caiMHi- 
aarcKOMV 6K»JuieTeHio. «XpoHHKa>i crajia rojiocoM Bcex, 
KTO npoTHBOCTOJi.i npOH3Baiy, KOro TOTa-THTapHMfi pe- 
»HM SecnomaiiHO h njiaHOMcpno aasHJi. Ee rojioc npo- 
HHKa,i3a«»:ejie3HufliaHaBec», HHepe3«XpoHHK\■>l3apy- 
6e;KKa» o6iiiecTBeHHOCTb yiHasajia o cymecTBOBaHHii 
onnoiHUKOHepoB m o npecjieiioBaHi^ii hx b Cobctckom 
CoKne, Zla h caMH mu tjioxjih h c.neruiH 5e3 BbiaepeHHtix 
H 6eccTpacTHux coo6meHHfl «Xpohhkh». fipaB 6bi;i 
A. Caxapoa, \TBepwnaBiuHti erne bcchoW 1974 roja b 
pasroBope c C. KoeajieebiM o npaB03aii[KTKOM iiBH>Ke- 
hhh: «"XpoHHKa" - 3to caMoe saiKKoe h3 Toro, kto 
ceroaHJi jejiaercaw. 

...rioHTH ftojTTOpa BCKa Ha3a3 nepBbiM nyHKioM 
CBoeii nporpaMMbi '<KojioKon» sajiBiLn «ocBD6o»ciieHiie 
CJIOBH OT ueH3ypbT>i, OSpeieHHaH npeccofi b 1905 r. 
CBoGojia norn&!ia b pe3>.ibTaTe OKTdSpbCKoro nepcBO- 
poTa 1917 r. flepBeHueM BocKpemeHH)i cboSojihoB ne- 
pHOiiHKK CTa;ia b coBercKHe speMena «X,*JHHKa>i. He 
Bi.iiiBiirai> HKKaKHx nporpaMM, noa HenpepwBHOcwnaB- 

UIMMHCfl «eCTOKHMH yuapaMH, OHa flBOHKO. CaMHM 4iaK- 

TOM CBoero 15-JieTHero 6ecueH3ypHoro cyuiccTBOBaiiKJi 
yTsepwiiajia CBo6oay cjiosa b nauiet) HecBo6oiiHoH cipa- 
He. H noToMv cnpaeexiiiBbiM h peioHHUM npeaciaBJia- 
ercH MHc npea;io«eHHe (caeJiaHKoe 6 1998 r. «MeMopn- 
ajioM»): npoB03rjiacuTb b Pocchh jiary auxojia nepBoro 
BunycKa «Xpot)HKH>i - 30 anpeJia - «>!lHeM cBoSojibr 

riepBOe SHaKOMCTBO 

...He 6epycb tohho cKaaart, Korna snepBue s no- 

3HaK0Mllj'IC)I C «XpOHHKOfi». JIOJDKHO dbfTB. B Haiajie 

occHH 1968 r.. acKope nocne rpHxyBiueH 21 aarjcTa 
coBCTCKofi OKKynauvH HexocjiosaKHH. 3to mopjio oty- 
iHTbcx Ha «ABT03aBo;ie>i (raK mu HaabiBajiii Mexiiy co- 
6ofi KBapnipy nexpa JlKKpa aoine Merpo «ABTOjaBoac- 
Kasi)). Hjih Ha Ps'iaHCKOMnpocneKre, rueeojiHOKOMHaT- 
HOM KBapTHpe %>Liii B TO BpeMfl MOH 3py3bB. neaaror h 
6apa KD.iHfi Khm h ero wCHa Hpa Akhp, joHb rierpa 
lioHOBHia. fOjiiiKa Torna yme BbinrajiH 3a nHCcmieHT- 
CTBO H3 (f«3HKo-MaTeMaiH'iecKo[l lUKOJiu, me OH npe- 
noMBaji HCTopiiio II .iHTepaiypy. A Hpy euie hc hck.ik>- 

IIHJIH H3 IKCJta CTViieKTOK HCTOpilKO-apXMBHOrO KHCTH- 

Tyra. 

B Ty TfreBOWHVK), HanOJlHCHHyiO 0T3ByKaMH HCXOC- 

JiOBauKHX co6uT>in oceHb n 6bi.i sasceriiaTaeu jihcch- 
jieKTCKoro K.iy5a Ha «ABTOjaBoae» h ero ^njinojia Ha 
P>i3aHCK0M npocncKTe. H peaKo Koraa yxoflim onyja 
6e3 xaKofl-HH^yiih CBewattmeH caMmnaTCKoK hobkkkh. 



riOMHHTCH. B TOT pa3 HMCHHO Hpa npOTHHVJia MHC CTO- 

noHKycKOJioTbixMaiuHHonHCHb[XJincTKOB:<(3TOMOJKHO 
B3HTb no-JHTaTbH. fjisacy - Hasepxy THTV.ibHoro jihcts 
HanenaTaHo: wfoii npaB KejiOBCua b Cobctckom CoK)3e», 
H HHwe noa3arojiOBOK: «XpoHHKa TeiniuH): co6m- 
thHu. fl npHnoviHtut {xoTb h hc TOT'iae), ito b cbh3h c 
20-vieTneM npHHHTHJi rcHepajibHoRaccaM6jieefiMBceo5- 
luefi aetuiapauHH npas HeiioBeKa» 1 968 roii 6biJi o6i>jib- 
<ieH OOH «roiiOM [ipuB le.iuBeKar). CTaibs 19 3Tofi 
aetoiapauHH. npoBOirjiauiaBUian CBo6oiiy y6e)KaeHH(i u 
cBofioiiy noJiyiarb h pacnpocrpaHfiTb iiHifwpMauHK) h 
HJieH, 6ujia nocraBiiCHa 3nHrpa(i)OM Ha nepBoH CTpaHHue 
BunjcKa. 

...npH3HaKiCb:aHecpa3yoiieHiLriHBbijiej]iiT«Xpo- 
HHKy» H3 Bopoxa apyrHx xojihbuihx Toraa no pyKaw 
caMHaaarcKHx nnceM h joKyMCHTOB. 3aT0 cpa3y nonyB- 
CTBOBan: 3aTaKHe.'iHCTo^KMi(Co<t>bnBjiacbeBHan(miTat) 
- coseTCKax B;iacTb) ne nomaaHT no roaOBKc. A 5yaeT 
6e3 wajTocTH KapaTb. M Tex, kto hx HwracT h aacT >]HTaTb 
CBOHM sHaKOMbJM. H Tcx. y Koro hx wafiayr. H yw, 
KOHeqHo. rex. kto hx cocTaBJiHei h nenaTaer. 

noHCMv? Mower 6biTb.«KpaMoabHi.[fi>i6ioajTeTeHb 
paanamaji crpaiuHbie rocyaapcTBennbie TafiHU? KjIcbc- 
Ta;i HacoBCTCKMfi crpoH? Hct. HHtjiopwauHH «XpoiiHKH>i 
6ujia aocToaepHofl h tokhoA. H aeao He b KaKnx-To 
Taftnax. riopoii to. o kcm coofimajt 6iojijieTeHb, h 5e3 
loro 6biAO H3BecrHO BCCMy MHpy (ho hc cosercKHM 
JtKJfldM). CjT>'Ha;iocbaaM(e. iTooco6uTi«ix, paccKa3biaa- 
cMbix B "XpoHHh-en. HHcana h coBercKan nenaTb. Ho 
niicajia laK. «KaK nonoweHO. 

...TaK, ue.ibix jBcraserw -«MocKOBCKafl npaBaa>' 
HiiBeiepHHS MocKBa»-B HOMepaxoT 12oirrH6p« 1968 
r. HaneHaiuiH CTaTbH "B paoCTe na ceHca!iHK)» h «no 
3acjiyraM» -03aK0HHHBiueMc»i HaKaHyHeBMocropeyae 
npouecce naa «HapyiiiHTeji)iMH o6iuecTBeHKoro nopiia- 
Ka». Mto we coooma/iH cobctckhm HHTarcTHM aBTopu 
CTaxefl H. BapjiHH H A. CMMpHOB? 

HoiicyaHMbie, corjiacno hx paccKa3y. ynHHH/iH 
vepynnoBbte deucm6ux.!py6oHapywueuiueo6utecmeeii- 
H«wnopj*do».>. AHMeHHo:25aBrycTa 1968 r.B 12 lacoB 
JHB Ha KpacHoR n,iOtuaaH. "cetimbiiie nameco napoda». 
OHH ycejiHCb BOi/ie JIo6HOro biecxa h pa3sepH>'.iiti noc- 
K0p6ume-ibHite dm coeemcKUX .iiodeu maKambii' h 
'cmaiu etiKpiiKtieamb ^pa3Hble.^o3yH,'Uil. Ho hx «c6opu- 
msM aiiHnocb jiHUJb KecKoabKO MHHyr. HSo BoiMymcH- 
Hwe «pa6oHue. ko.txoihuku, cmydeHmbm BbipBanw m pa- 
lopBajiH ruiaKaTb). a MMJiHUHonepbi kc mpydoM npoeeju 
3my KOMnaHUio CKSOSb pa3i-He8(inHyio mo.irrya h aoCTa- 
BHJiH ee B oTiieaeHKe. O AcflcrsHJix noacyaiiMux 3to see. 

Haao vMCTb tbk HanncaTb! KaK aorajiaTboi. mto 
pcHb ry? HaeT o cyje naji aeMOHCTpaKraMH npoxiiB 
coBeTCKoH QKKynauMH HexocJiOBaKMH? AaiKe c.ioBa 
*MexocjiOBaKHH)> hct b ithx craTtsix cobctckhx raicT. H 
He aeMOHCTpamin. pa3yMeeTca, a flcSopHuie". Tckcttj 
<iocKOp6HTejibHbix» ruiaKaTOB (a hmchho: «PyKH npoMb 
OT HCCP». «3a Baiijy h Hauiy CBo6oay», MjJ,ojiofi OKKy- 
naHTOB». «CBo6oay Jly54eKy» h - no-neiucKH - «fla 
3apaBCTByeTCBo6oAHa]i h HeiaBHCHMafi lexocjioBaMiB") 



A%vwUrtaarg 



14D 



^ 113 NC10PNN NHAKOMblCJllii 





Jlapuca Bosopai 



naawj flurmuHoe 



BOo6iueHeynoMjiHyrbi. Xots KaKpa3 3TH;i03yHr>i6bL'iH 
paciieHemjcyiioM KaKfoaBeuouojio^KHueioieBeTHHiec- 

KHe H3MbtUIJieHH!l» 11 flB.15IJ1HCb UeHTpa^lbHUM nyHKTOM 

o6BHHeHHH. BnpoKeM. rjiaBHoCf lajaiefi asTopOB KHKpas 
H 6biJio - He flaxb noHJiTb HeoceejioMjieHHOMyHHTaTCJiio, 
STo MMeHHO npoinouijio Ha KpacKofl [uioiuanH 25 asry- 
cra. 

3aT0 B craTbHx npocipaHHo roBOpHTcn 06 orowo- 
paibHocmuK noacyjiHMUx. Mx HMCKa (K. Ea6HUKHfl, 
Jl. Boropa3. B. flejiOHe, B. flpeM.niora, Fl. JIhtbhhob) b 
raacTax Bce we npHBOiWTCH, Aanee, kohchho, rOBopHTcn, 
HTO Bcex HX o&beflHKHCT HHsydepjicuMaM cmpucmt k 
cnupmuhiM HanutrtKOM. k paispamy umyKeiiiicmtry». fa- 
3eTbi HanoMHHaioT, hto h panee Boropas h /Ihtbhhob 
6ujiH coaBTopaMH »ppH3Hbix KieeemHUMBCKtix nacKsu- 
ieu« (HHTafi: npoTeCTOB npoTHB cyiiiuiHiiia najj A. Fhh- 
36yproN, K3. FanaHCKOBbiM. B. JlauiKOBoft h A. ^o6po- 
BOJibCKKM). 1T0 HM pa^tiiiciuLiH aHTHo6[uecTveHHbifl xa- 
pahTcp HX noBeACKHfi. CooSiuHB npHroBop (3 roaa aas- 
juoieHHn /IpeMJiiore h 2 roaa 10 Mecsuee - JlejiOHC, 5 
jiei ccbmKii JlinBHHOBy. 4 - Boropaa h 3 - EaSnuKOMy). 
aBTopw, paiyMecTCJi, hc 3a6u;iH CKaiaTt, 4to «npedcma- 
gume.iuo6utecmseHHOcmu MoCKStji c odo6peHueM ecmpe- 
mtnu npu^oeop cydaa. 

Hy, paiBe Morjio 6wTb HirrepecHO coBCTCKOMy ih- 
TarejiK) to. ito HH)n-o hi noacyjiHMbix He npHiKau ce6» 
BHHOBKUM? Hto m lauiHTHHKii KacraHsaiH Ha onpassa- 

Te,ni>HOM npHTOBOpe? MJIH hto Ha (tKJpMaJibHOOTKpUTUft 
CyflHeflOnyCTHJIH(HeCHHTaBpOJlCTBeHHHKOB)HHKOrOH3 

Jipyiefl H 3HaK0MbJ> noacyaHMhix? AcMOHCTpaHrw Ha- 
craHBa^TH Ha yciaHOB.ieHHH .iHtHOCTH H npHB-ieHeHHH k 
OTBeTCTBeHHocTH«.iHUBiiiTaTCK0M>i, KOTopueiaaepwH- 



BaJIH H H35l1Baj1K MX, XOTH OHH MlipHO CHflCJlH C FLiaKaTa- 

MH y JlofiHoro MecTa h fla*e we conpoTMBnnfiHCb no- 
rpoMiiiMKaM. Ho seab 06 3tom rowe hh K^eMy cooSwaTb 
coBCTCKHM jiioaHM. «TyHeflflUbi»? Jlapuca Eoropa3. pa- 
6oTaBiuaH b nHCTwryTe rexKHiecKofi HHtfiopMauHM, Swjia 
yBOJicHa y*e nooie CBoero apecxa. DaBJia JlHTBHHOBa 
BbirnajiHc paSoTbi BHaia^ie 68-ro m-3aeroo6mecTBeH- 
Hbix BbicryiuieHHft. BaaHM AeJiOHe Jio hkjhji 1968 rona 
yiHJicji B Hoboch6hpckom ynHBepcHTCTe. BjiajiHMHp 
flpeMmora ne paSoTaoi TOirtKo nocjieaHHti mccjiu repej 
apecTOM. KoHCraHTHH Ea6HUKMR aa caworo apecTa 6biji 
MJiajLUHM HayiHbiM corpynHHKOM b HHCTHTyre pyccKo- 
ro HiwKa. 

TaK MOWHO.iHCTCpneTb, HTo6bi o noao6Hbix «Hecy- 
mecTBCHHbixn noapo6KOCTHX npouecca, hh y Koro hc 
crpocjicb, paccKa3biBa.ia KSKan-TO HH'iTowhan caMH3- 
aaTCKan «XpoHHKa»? JXi wm. h hc TOjitKo o hcmohct- 
paHTax. 06 apecre, a 3aTeM cyjie 21 aBrycTa 1968 roaa 

Had AHaTOJIHCM MapHCHKO (aaTOpOM KHHrM I'MOM nuKa- 

3aHMiiHonocjiecTaiiHHCKi(XJiarepnx). it>opM^ibHoo6Bii- 
HCHHOM B HapymeHHH nacnopTHoro pe^KHua. coseTCKan 
neiaxb BOoSme ne cooSmana. BoceMb apysefi A. Map- 
HeHKo(BHx KMcne Jl. Boropas on. JIhtbhhob) a can jiic 
ero apecTOM o6paTM.iHCb k corpaiKiiaHaM c otkpwtum 
nticbMOM Bero^aiuHiy. MapieHKo 3to He noMor.io. 3aT0 
BCKope 6biJTa apeciosaHa H. EejioropojcKafl, b cyMKe 
KOTopofl. He^allHHC3a6blToftBTaKCH. 6i>L:iHo6Hapy>KeHbi 
3K3eMIUlflpbl 3TOrO THCbMa, CocraBHTC-iH OSpauiCHHS B 
jauimy MapieHKO cpaiy we 3aflBiiiH. ito ToiibKo ohk. 
aBiupM (ho HHKaK He Be.ioropoiicKafl!), Mon-r owTb 
oTBeTCTBeHHbi 3a coiiepiKaHHe CBoero nncbMa. ito ohh 
pyiaioTcti 3a nojinyio aocTOBepHOCTb Bcero b hcm Hann- 



KAPTA' Ng3a-4C 20D4 



4 N3 NGTflPHII HHAKDMhlCANII 



141 



caHHoro. HTorjiabejioropoflCKyjoocBooojKiii?KaK5bi 

He Tan! ripoaepiKaB b Jle(])opTOBe Co.ii.uje no.iyroaa. ee 
ocyamii «3a nonbiTKv pacnpocrpaHeHUH laaeioMo Jio*-- 
HbiK KJieBeTHiiiecKiix M3Mi>i[ii.ieHHfi» K roay .iiimeHMfi 
CB060311I. npH^TOM HMuiiHHiHaBropoBnMCbMatiedbi.n 
nawe BbiiaaH b cjn CBii.ieTe.ieMl 

MoKHO JIH nonycTiiTb, hto6m «XpoHHKat> npejaaa- 
Jia orjiaCKe nojio^Hyio HCHywHyio cobctckhm .iiohhm 
iiH^iopMauHio? H.111 CKajKHTc, aaicM Ha ee crpaHiiuax (b 
o63ope caMHijiaxa) aHHOTHpyercs nHCbMO B. KasepHHa 
"PaKOBOM Kopnyce» A. Co-UKCHHUWHa? Hat ny6-iHUH- 
ctuhcckhx craTbii Jl. MyKoecKOfl: b cbhim c l5-;ieTHeM 
cMepTuCra.'iHHaK nonoBo:iyTpaBJi[i A.Co.i*eHHUWKa? 
MjiaaeHu\' scho - pai 3tii nnctMa He HanenaTaHbi b 

CCCP, 3HaHHT. OH)l KeHHTCpeCHbl aiJl COBCTCKOrO IH- 

TaTciH. Her, HeT.TepneTbnoiio6HyiocaMOiie>iTeJibHocTb 

peillHTe.lbHO HeBOJMOJKHO! 

...Ctowt jiH oSMCHBTb, HTO BCKope s caejia.icJi 

ropniHM nOIOIOHHIIKOM CBOeii HOSOOSpCTCHHOii IMaKO- 

MHiibi. H pa3 3a pa30M ztaaa/i HHrarbee buit)Ckmcdomm 
iip>3b!iM. K c HerepneHHeM »caan see hgbux CBiuaHHH 
c Hen. 

CTaHOBJieHHe noA omeM 

Tae-TO c BecHbi 1 968 r. b Kpyrax mockobckhx jwc- 
ciueHTOB CTa,ia ouiymaTbcsi noTpe6HocTb b BunycKe 
caMH3iiaTCKoro CrojiJiereHii. riouie lojibKo hto jaKOH- 
HiiBiiierocn npouecca A, rHii36ypra h IO TajiaHCKOBa. 
Bbi3BaBmero BOJiHy nporecTOB, b MocKBy k aKTHBHciaM- 
npoTEcraHTaM ctifih CTenaTbca Bce HOBue coo6iiieHH(i - 
o (|>aKTax npokOBOJia, o nojiMTHHCCKHx npecjiejoBaHHJix 
HcyjiaxsJIenHHrpaiie h sKueBe. Bcoio3HuxcoBeTci:)ix 
pecn>6jiHKax, b npoBHHUHii, b Jiarepax. 3Ta HH(t)opvia- 
UHfl Bce MKOiKHJiacb, II c Hefl Haiio 6b]jio hto-to je;iaTb. 

CsHaeTenbCTByer H. ropSaHeBCKan: aHdencastus- 
^amcKo^o un(l)opMaiiuoNHoeo 6io.<inemeHSi nocwiacb e 
eo3dyxe. ... HeodHOKpamno eoeopu.-\a 06 ^moM JIapuca 
Boeopaa, ho oho 6tuia jaepyoKena dpyzuMu dejiOMU. ... 



P(i3co€opbi M02Jtu fipodo^xcambCR do^?o. eciu 6bi He 
Hnuie.ycM K/no-mo, imoobi esumbCfi sa 3mo. 3mu.\i "kcm- 
mo" oKoiaiacb s» (naxoascb b acKpexHOvi ornjcKe, 
HaTaii!apacnojiarajiaToriiacBD6oiiHbiM BpeMCHeM). fle- 
peroBOpiiB iipciiBapirre;ii.Ho c ap;3bHMn (Hpoft flKup it 
lO.iHeM K11MOM. H.ibefi FafiaeM h FlaB-ioM JIhtbhho- 
BbiM), KOTopbie 3a,iH «jo6po» II ooeuia.iM noMorarb, 
HaTaiua ccjia aa niiuiyuij'K) MauHHKy. 30 anpejis 6biJi 
HaneiaTaH nepsui^ BunyCK - aaa iieCHTKa MaiuMHonnc- 
Hwx CTpaHiiu. Bo.ibiuafl ero 4acTb nocBHiueKa sHBapcKo- 
My npoueccy K). TanaHCKOBa, A. rHH36ypra. A. /Io6po- 
BonbCKoro H B. JlauiKOBon H co6biTHnM BOKpyr 3Toro 
cyja. a TaKwe HCaasHO 3aKOH'iHBiiieMycii b JlcHHHrpajie 
npoueccY nan ijieHaMii BCXCOH {BcepocciiiicKoro 
couiia.i-xpiitTiiaHCKoro coioia ocBo6owjeHHt) Hapoaa). 

TpamiUiiH II CTpyioypa 6iOA,ieTeHa BupaoarbiBa- 
jiHCb Ha xoiiy. riepBOHaHa-ibHasi nepHojHHHocTbBbinyc- 
KDB - Ka>Kab[e jaa wecxua, B aenaSpe 1969 roja 3aKOH- 
mijicH o6bflB.ieHHbiitOOH BceMiipKUH uroiinpaB nejio- 
BeKa», HO B CoBCTCKOM Cotosc «r«) npae y^ioeena - 
npodo.ioKaemcw. ... "XPOHIIKA " 6ydem abixoduntb u e 
1969 cody». Tax noziaarojioBOK ciiejia.ic)i HaisaHHeM 
eiojuiereHJi. 

riouBJiRjiHCb Bce HOBue pa3;ieab[ 11 py6pHKH. HaiH- 
Hafi CO BTOporo BunycKa - «noTipaBKH h AOno;iiieHH)i». 
TyTHcnpaBiiii:iiicbHeHi6e%HueBTaKOM H3aaHi(M 0111116- 
KH. Co BTOporo «e HOMCpa - «KpaTKHe coo6iiieHHJin. B 
nsTOM BbinyCKe nojiBJiaercji o530p kHobocth cauHiiia- 
Ta». H3 3rofl py6pMKH •iHraTejiM MXpOHiiKti» ysHaBanii o 
BbicryiuieHiux npaBOaauiiiTHHKOB, o caMHinaTCKiix cTa- 
Tbflx H MOHorpa^iHnx. TaKiix. HanpMMep. KaK «Pa3MM[ii- 
jicHMS o nporpecce, mmphom cocjmecTBCBaMHH h hhtcji- 
jicKTya-ibHoR CBodonett aKaiieMHKa A. CaxapoBa. Hjih o 
noflBJieHHH B caMii3iiaTe ne nponyuieHHOJi iieH3ypofi 
no3Mbi A. TBapaoBCKoro «no npasy naM)9Tii». KasKercfi 

HeBepOHTHUM, HO MOWHO TOBOpHTb H O BiUiajie oXpOHH- 

KH)t B ... jieHHHMaHy. TojibKo B pasrap nepecrpofiKH 
coBCTciciie HHTaTeJ]Hy3HanH ccKpeiHOM nucbMe JIchh- 
HaK rioJiHTfiiopo OT 19. 03. 22 r. c jiiojioeacKiiMH Tpe6o- 




Baduu HenoHe 



Bunmop <!>aun6ep3 



KoHcmaHmuH BaSuijKuu 



ih-Aw hdna ofQ 



142 



^ N3 RCTQPim HHAKQMblCilHIl 



BaHMHMH 6ecnoiuajtHbtx paccTpejibHbrx Mep b OTKOiue- 
HHiiiiyxoBeHCTBa. conpoTifBJifiBuieroCfl Hacii^ibCTBeHHO- 

MV H31>HT11K> UepKOBHUX UCHHOCTeif. A MU. IHTaTeJTH 

«XpoHHKH>i, 3HanH o6 3T0M HHCbMe etuc B 69-M roay. 

CooQuiCHHe 06 3TOM nHCbMC. nOXBIIBmeMCH B CaMH3fla- 

le, noMeuiCHo b 9-m sunycKe 6H)jijieTeHn. HjTh apyroii 
npHMep. B jieKa6pe 1989 r. (cnycTH nojieeKa nocjie 
noanHcaHHn!) CobctckhR C0103 Bnepsue macHO npn- 
3Han cyiuecTBoeaHHe .lono.nHHxejTbHwx ceKpCTHux npo- 
TOKOJiOB K coBCTCKO-repMaHCKOMy aorOBOpy 1939 r.. 
npitBeiluiHX K pasaejiy riaibiiiH h npiicoe;iiiHeH[iio k 
CCCP CTpaH npHfiajiTHKH. Ho 3TH caMbce npoTOKOJiu 
UHpKyjiKpoBajiii B caMH3iiaTe eiue b 1969 rojy h Toraa 
THe 6brjiH aHHOTiipoBaHbi b IO-m BbinycKe «XpoHHKH». 

&Mac 1969r. 6b[.nacoiaaHa HHHiiHaTHBHaH rpyn- 
na no3amnTenpaBHejiOBeKaBCoBeTCKOMCoio3e(Mr), 
nepBaJi b CCCP npaBoiaiiiHTHaH accouHamui. "XpoHH- 
Ka» nocTOflHHO cooouiajia 06 odpaiueKHnx m jioKyMCHiax 
HP. a TaKwe o Bcnope HaiaBuiHxcii npecjieaosaHHsx ee 
ynaCTHHKOB. HcKOTOpue H3 HJieHOB HP (H. PopSaHCBC- 
Kas, A.flKoocoH, T. BejiHKaHOBa, C. KoBajies. A. JlaByr) 
B pa3Hoe BpSMH cocraanRjiH 11 pe:iaKTi(poBa.iH "XpoHii- 
Ky». K BbinycKaM JToro SiojiiieTCHa. kbk k OflHOMy H3 

rJiaBHblX HCT01HHK0B HH({K)pMaUKll, » BHOBb K BH3Bb 

o€paiua.ioi b kohuc 90-x roaoB, Korjia nKcaji cTSTbio 06 
HCTOpHM HP, Hej]eno6bi;io6bi HCKaTbaa>KeynoMHHaHHfl 
oaeit BcoBercKOfl nenaTH. A MaTepHajiu 06 Hcmiio^eHHM 



A. CojiweHKUbiHa H3 Coi03a nHcaTe-iefi b 1969 roay? O 
ero BbfCbi.iKe H3 CCCP b 1974'M? O npec-neaoeanHflx h 
BucbiJiKe B PopbKHtt aKaacMHKa A. CaxapoBa? 06 o6Me- 
He nojiHnaKJiioHeHHoro B. EyKOBCKoro HaHiuiHflcKoro 
nojiMTiaKJiK>HeHHoro, ccKpexapH KownapTiiH JTyncaKop- 
Banana? Tae. b kbkhx cobctckhx H3jaHHflx mo>kho 6biJio 
nponecTb 060 bccm 3tom npasaHByio iiK(|)opMauHio?! 

Co BpeMCHCM B03HHKajiti H jipyrHC pyGpMKH: «Ape- 
CTW», «Cyaw>i, «B TtopbMax h jiarcpHx»i, «B ccu.iKett, 
«OcBo6o)KaeHHH». «B nCHXHaipiiiecKHx 5o.ibHiiijax», 
«BHecyie6Hue nojiHTHiecKHe npecjieaoBaHHSu, i<npe- 
cieaoBaHHJi sepyioiUHXu, "FlpaBo Ha Bwesju, «Pa3Hbte 
coo6tueHHH». 

BioJuieTeHb owcrpo poc 11 B3pocjie;i. Ho He apewa^ia 
Hi'ra.iHHaEopHcoiiKa)'(rB). MaTepHajibroanHHajniaiQ- 
ro BwnycKa nyrb 6bijio He nponajiH hb kuimoho y Pajin 
Pa6ail. Hc ee marb yaaHHO cnacjia hx ot TB. yioniiB b 
KacTpiojiecBapHBiiiHMcacynoM. YweiiBawjbi npoH3B0- 
jiijiHCb o6b]ctcn y H. PopSaHeBCKofl. 24 ,ieka6p(i 1969 r 
y Hee npoiiieji TpetHR o5biCK. h Haratua. ocHoaarejib v 
nepBbiflpejaKT0p«XpOHHKH»,6bijiaapecT0BaHa. Mbtc- 
pKajibi noiiroTOBJieHHoro eio aaHHHaauaToro eunycKa 
HyaoM yuejiejiH. 

...3aKaHMiiBaTbBbinyCKziOBe;iocbAHaTOJiHio}{Ko6- 
coHy. H euy »ce npciicTox.'iD pe;iaKTHpoBaTb anacHuff 
Sto.iJiereHb b nocieayioiUMe hbh c nojioBiiHotl roaa n 
BynycTHTbiiiecTHaauaTb HOMepos. 




HamatJbH rop6sneecKafi c cbiHoebnuu. 



■KAPTA- W Se-'O 20M 



^ N3 XCTDPIIII HHAKDMUCJlNil 



143 



Mhc cji>4ajiocb yxe He pa3 paccKasMsarb o Tojie. 
Tome. KaKJBajiHeroflpyibfl.riocTapaiocbHenoBTopnTb- 
CH. fleaaror. sa HjieoJiorHHecKoe BOJibHoayMciBo ot- 
CTaBJieHHbin OT uikojiu. JlnTeparop h no3T-nepcBoaHHK. 
HejioBeK cooHaweHHofl coBecThKj H SojibiuHM rpawiiaH- 
CKHM My*ecTBOM. Oh 5e3 KOjie6aHiiii b3h.ich 3a paSoij'. 
ejiHHCTBeHHOfl <(HarpaiioEii> jaKOTopyfo MorJiH ctbti. ans 
Hero roabi HeBo.iii. 

HH(|)opMau[iK> jjin «XpoHHKH» co6HpanH apyrHe. » 
apyrne aioaw Beaa.iK nocaeayioiUHM pacnpeaejieHHCM 
THpawa - pacnpocTpaHCHiicM. 3aTO ilKoScoH saHiiMa-ica 

CaMUM Ba*HblM HOTBeTCmeHHblMaeJlOM-COCTaB.ieHH- 

eM TCKCia ofo.iaereHH, JiHtepaTypHbiM peaaKTHpoBaHH- 

CM. 

B anpeae 1978 r. B Hapaiuie. MCHbine tCM 3a noji- 
roaa 20 cBoeB raSeaH. Toas rax BcnoMHHan o5 3tom: 
«...fl noHfLi. imo HyjKHo de.iamb "XpoHUxy" He Oova u 
He fl KOKOM-mn laeedo.vo uiaecntHOM KFG .uecme ...u 
de.iamb 6bicmpo. ..Flepebte dea HOMepa noae [Hama- 
uiuj )t cde.iaii4e.iuKav u /JOJNOcmbio....C /J-ro Hovepa 
cmaio.is^'4e, nomauy tmo. KpoMeMemt. « ui^omoaiemiu 
y^acmeoeaiu u dpy^ue .noduv (ecTecTBCHHO. Touia He 
Ha3biBaeT iiMena 3thx apyrwx amaeft - KpOMe rex, kto 

3MltrpHpOBa;i HJIH CQM OTKpUTO lajIBlUI 06 3TDM. t. k. b 

TO BpeMH Ka3i>iBaTb Kx 6uao onacHo). <i...O6pa30€aicii 
HCKuii KO-iieKmue, kok « e luymny HOibieai, "dpu^ada 
aHmuiiOMMyntti:muHecKOi:<j mpyda" . "Epiuada" .\to£;ia 
cocmoamb ui od»oeo. deyx. ^emttpex vejoeen... Mbi 
MeHJLiu Mecma, MetiSLiu dava. ...Jlo2''-eo HOvepa etLiio- 
•4ume.ibHO [hJ ocmaeaica .lumepamypubt-v pedOKmopoM 
"XpoHUKu" u asmopoM UHO^ux Mamepuaioa. ...Ji 3a 
3mo deno omeeHon/. 

nXpOHMKai) uMejia HeuaauR ycnex. CaMOpasMKO- 
waHCt. ee JtiicToiKH pauieTaaiicb no Bcewy CoeeicKOMy 
CoK)3y cHanajia b aecsTKax, a hotom h bo MHornx cothhx 
3K3eMri.nflpoB. flopoK BunyCKH 6K)aaeTeHa nepejieraiH 
•lepei rpaHHuy, H Toraa ero MSTepiianu iBVHanii no 
lapySoKHhiM paaHoroaocaM. B Kpyry mohx iHaKOMWx h 
apy^efi «XpoHHKa» Bbi3WBa,ia«ryHHfl HHiepec h comvb- 
cTBHe, xoTB HC oSxoartaocb h 6c3 jaMciaHHR TaK. kto- 
TOCKHTanH3JiHiiJHHMnHcaTbonpecaeaoBaHnax3apejiH- 
PHio (Moa. peaHrH03HHKH - He rioaHTHHecKHc, yw He 
coGHpaeTCH an "XpowiiKaii bccth pe;iHrH03HyKi ripona- 
raHay?). H3peaKa «XpoHHKa» OTBenaaa Ha noao6Hbie 
laMCHaHHS HHTareaefl. 

A BpeMeHa ouan HecnoKoRnuMH. H «XpoHHKe» 
npHXoaHaocb pa? 3a paiOM paccKaibtBarb 06 apecrax h 
cyaax Haa n. FpHropeHKo, H. PaSaeM, A. AManbpHKOM. 
H. BeaoropoacKo^. H. MxHMosHHeM, M. /IxieMiuieBbiM, 
B. MopoioM II MHorHMH apyniMii. O npHcy^caCHBH Ho- 
SeaeBCKoR npcMHH A. Co.i>KeHMUbiHy m nocaeaoBasujeli 
Tpasae nHcareaji. O nowemeHKH^. Measeaesa b hchxh- 
arpHHecKyio 6ojibHHuy. O npiicywacHHH k HjieicHHioi: b 
cneuncHxi5oai.HHuax (CHB) 11. fpHropeHKO, H. fopSa- 
HeBCKofi H psaa apyrHx aHccHacHTOB. He pa3 ao nac 
aoxoaiiJiHcayxH o tom, hto «caM» K>. AnapoiiOB o6eua.i 
noaHT6iopo B6air*ariiiiee speMU noKOHHHTb c «XpoHH- 
KoH", 1T0 npHHSTo cooTBCTCTByKnuee peoiCHHe UK 
Knee. Ho Bce 3T0 6biaH. raK cxasarb, ubctohkh. 

HacTvnHj 1972 roa. H npHHec c coGoii aasi^o o6e- 
maHHwe KFE "firoaKH». 



OxoTa Ha «XpoHMKy» 

5 flHBapfi 1 972 r. npoxoana cya Haa B. EyKOBCKHM. 
rio 70-fi CTBTbe VK PCftCP, iuth, roBopn aiukom coeeT- 
CKofi tocTiiuiiH. 3a i<aHTHCOBercK\TO arHTauHK) H npona- 
raHay». Boaoas Cbia ocywaen na 7 aer «CTporaHa» h na 
5 aer ccuaKH. 

KPE aasHo &un 30a na ByKOBCKOro. Eme b 1 96 1 r. 
ero HCKaioHii.iH H3 MFY 3a ynacTHe b MarnHHonncHOM 
wypHaaeM<l>eHHKC». noMeiiiaaHBCnB3aH3roTOB,ieHHe 
t}>0TOK0nHHKHitrH M./l)KHaaca«HoBb[(iKnacc». Ca:4<a.nii 
Ha 3 roaasaarepbTaaeMOHCTpauHio b 3auiHT>' apecro- 
BaHKbix K). TaaaHCKOBa. A. Jlo6poBoabCKoro. B. Jlaui- 
KOBOR H n. Paa3HeBCKoro. Moxcho 6bi. xaiaaocb. BssiTbcti 
la yM. TaK hct. ewy see paBHo HefiveTCH. OcBoSoiiiiB- 
lUKCb B nHBape 1970 r.. EvKOBCKiit^ BCKope aaeT HHTep- 
BbK)MOCK0BCKOMyKOppecnoHaeKTy«Ba[UKHrTOHnocT», 
KOTOpoc 6biJio orryGjiKKoaaHO b 3To(i raserc 17 Man. B 
HHTepBbK) ByKOBCKHn Ha ocHOBaHHH CBoero onbiTa pac- 
ccasaa ipecaeaoBaHHnx HHaKOMWcaaiaMx b CCCP, o 
ncHXHaxpHiecKHX penpeccHJix, odeoeaoseHHux ycao- 
BMOX coaepiKaHHn b aareptix h nCHx6oabHHuax. EyKOBc- 
Koro BU3Ba.iH B fipoKypaiypy h npeaynpeaiuiif, hto m 
noao6Hbie aefiCTBHH ero Moryr CHOBa npHBaenb k yro- 
aoBHoH oTBCTCTBeHHocTM. Ho aa»e tskoc npeaynpe*- 
acHHe a-m ByKOBCKoro. noxowe, - kbk c rycji Boaa. 

28 SHBaps 1971 r. oh o6pamaeTcs c OTKpbijbiM 
nifCbMOM K BpanaM-ncHXHaTpaM ClilA, AnraHH, foa- 
aaHflHH, Kanaabi 11 Hspaiian, npHawBan hx BbieryniiTb 
npoTHB npoaoa*aiouiHxcJi ncHXHatpMHecKHx penpec- 
ciifi bCCCP BOTHouieHHtiaHccHjieHTOB, B npano)«eHHH 
K nticbMy 6b)aH noueuicHu kohmh 3aKai0HenHn cyae6- 
H0-ncHXHaTpHHecKHX3KcnepTH3uiecTH cosercKHX rrpa- 
BoiaiuHTHHKOB. 3ToniicbMo. BbnBaBiueeDoabuionpeso- 
HaHc 11 noaowiiBUiee Haiaao 6opb6e c nciixHaTpHHec- 
KHM reppopoM B Haiuett CTpane, nepenoahHno 'laEuy 
TepneHHH KFB. 29 uapia 1971 r. ByKOBCKHHdbia CHoaa 
apecTOBan. M bot cnycTa 9 MecaucB - cya. 

«XpoHHKa» noapoSHO nHcaaa o npouecce ByKOBC- 
Koro. JCfB He cywea caoMHTh 3Toro 6ot)ua. Oh OTBcpr 
o6Bi[HeHiin B Kaeaeie. aoxasuBaa. hto bo Bcex cbohx 
BMCTjruieHHHX Bceraa roBopna ToabKO npaBay, oopaicji 
(b kc nepccraHer Bnpeab 6opOTbC}i) aa ^anoHHocTb h 
cnpaBcaaHBOCTb. Cboc nocaeanee ctobo Boaoafl 3aK0H- 
HHa TaK: iH cajKoieio r maibKo o moM. vma 3a Kopom- 
KuucpoK- I eod 2 Meaiiia u i dHU. - Komopbte ti npo6N.i 
Ha ceooode, siycne.1 cde.iamb d.ix -imopo ctuiuKOMuaiou. 

npouecc Haa EyKOBCKHM 03H3MeH0Baji pe3Koe ycH- 
aeHMe npecaeaoBSHHii npaBosaiuHTHHKOB bCCCP. Bcko- 
pe B MocKBe npoiujia cepVMi o6mckob. a 33tcm 11 aonpo- 
coB no «aeay X5 24i>. Boapocbi caeaoBaieaefi Kaca-ixcb 
B ocHOBHOM vnroTOBaeHHH H pacnpocipaHeHHfl xXpoKH- 
Kii». B Mae 1972 roaa-Hosafl cepiinoGucKOB no«aeay 
Hi 24" (b TOM 'iHcaey A. flKo6coH3 k y n. 5lKHpa). A 21 
HioHH n. >lKiip 6bia apecTOBan. 

JlKHp (TaK )Ke, KaK II apecTOBaHHbiB 12 ceirriiSpji 
apyroflBHaHbiflaiiccnaeHT. B.KpacHH) KanHTyanposaa 
HacaeacTBHM. npM3Haa naHTHcoBeTCKHfixapaKTep»cBo- 
efl aesTe.ibHOCTH h aaji Ha HeaaBHHx coioBapHiuefl 06- 



wwwIiwtaDrg 



144 



^ 13 NCTDPim HHAKOMblCimil 




Anamanuu Bko6con 



iiiHpHbie noKaiaHHX. B tom iHcne o '<XpOHHKe» h o pojiH 
B ee H3aaKHH 5lKo6coHa. B BHsape 1973 r. KrE nepenan 
lepes JKCHy B. KpacHHa H. EMejihKHHy: ecjiH BuRner 
OHepeaHOfi. 28-fi noMep CronjiereHJi. Hkoocoh Syaer 
HeMea;ieHHo apecroBSH. 

BuxojiKT, H3flaTejiefi "Xpohhkhm a npaB03amnTHii- 
KOB tipeoynpewjia^iK (h hc pa3!), hto ohk mHHMaraTcn 
aHTticuBcTiMHOtt M HapymaiOTiaKOH. Tbk lero »e ltoht 
Toraa ace 3th jiHUGMepHbie 5Ka,no5w na weCTOKOCTt w 
HecnpaaeniMBOCTi.. Koriia hx Hacmraer Kapaioutan pyKa 
npaBocyflHH?! He jicth - iioJiacHW oujih Hanepea rrpen- 
BHueTb nocjieiicTBHfi CBOHX xyiioiKecTB. 

A Mu H npeaBHiie.iH. H xopomo noHHMajiH, hto 3a 
CBOK) :te5iTejn>H0CTi> MO)KeM noruiaTHTboi rojiaMH Jiare- 
peH HJiH ncHxyuicK. TojibKO bot Kapaji nac hc 3aK0H, a 
GensKOHHC. 3aK0H He 3anpeuiai hh nHcaTb, hh nevaTaxb 
K pacnpocTpaHflTb npaBjiHsyio viHiJiop via unto. Jipyrot 

jeJIO, 4TO HH(t)OpMaUHJI, K npHMCpy. TOfl we «XpOHHKH» 

5b]jia HenpHBTHa h onacHa sjiacTHM, ohh npocro »e 
MorjTH iionycTHTb, "iToSw HX npecTynjieHHH craHOBH- 

JlVlCb HlBCCTHbl o6meCTBeHH0CTH. 3tO HCKO C03KaBajlH 

npaBoiaiuKTHHKH. " "XponuKa " mu a k-qkou cmeneHU He 
HejiMemcH ue-ieeaibHbiM uidauue-v, - HanHcano erne b 
ntiTOM ee aunycKe, - Hoycioeun eepaSomu cmecneHbt 
ceoeocpasHbLuu noHumtoMU o .^e^a^bHocmu u csoooOe 
un<f>op.uatiuu, ebtpaSomaeuiuMucsi 3a doji^tie !o6ht a hs- 
Komopb/x coeemcKUX op^a^^ax». Ho, xaK CKasaji b nocjie- 
flHCM cjiOBC EyKOBCKHtt. inpecmyriHUK us mom. Kmo 
ebiHOCum cop U3 uiObi, a mom. Kmo s U36e copunif. 

npecj]efl0BaHHJiMHHyrpo3aMHKrBy>KejaBH0CTpe- 
Muncji 3acTaBHTb onno3HunoHepOB npCKpaiHTb BunycK 
6iojuTeTeH». H xots npaBOiauiHTHHKH 6hi,iH totobu (h 
He pa3 jiOKa3a.iH 3T0 cbohmh nocTvnicaMH) pHCKosaTb 

C05ofi,pa3rOBOpb[0 3aKpbITOH(<XpOHHKH>'BCe-TaKHB03- 

HiiKa^iH. CBHnerejibCTByeT H. rop6aHeBCKaJi: «Bbiuuaa 



e 1972 ^. B moM eady 6bLio 3aeede»o 3naMeHumoe de.io 
M? 24 (o "XpoHUKe"). paidaaaiucb y?po3m. a Koe c Ke.v 
ee.iucb nepeFoeopbt o moM. KOKue &i<Kode»Huii KFE 
...coeepuium. eaiu usdanue npexpamMm caiiu 6e3btMftH- 
iibie pedavmopbi : Koco-Hu6ydb ocaododum. a koco-iiu- 
oydb - He nocadumo. Hpa JIkhp npH Bcipeie cnpocana 
Hatauiy, hto OHa jyMaer o HawepeHHH HeKoropbix 
jiiccHiieKTOB iaKpuTb «XpoHHKy»? HaTauja OTBCTHJia. 
4TO nocKOjTbKy OT nXpoHHKM» ona Tenepb oroiujia. to 
Bpoje efl He nojo6aeTBbicKa3hiBaTi.cH. Hpa HacraHBa.ia. 
Torjia Haraiua cxaaajia: «... fJoKas cudeia. h snana: see. 
imo CO MHOii npoucxodum. no KpauHeu Mepe. ace, nmo 
vdaemcn yjHamb. nonadaem a "XpoHuxy". Ceuiacnpo- 
do.iJKaiom cudemb dpy.iue iiodu. HpeKpamumb "XpoHu- 
Ky" iHOHwio 6h ocmaeumb ux Ha npou360.i cydbdbi: o 
HUX He 6ydym jnamb. aaOydym. c humu mojkho 6vdem 
de.iamb umo y^odHo/>. ...Ha HCKoropoe BpcMd wXpOHH- 
Ky» Toraa otctojlih. 

Ho KaK 6wTb peaaxTopaM Sjojuictchji Tenepb, Koraa 
B 3a;iO)K>)HKH HaiHancH hx joBapHLii? Mowho .in o6pe- 
Kaxb Touiy na aBHyio rH6e;ib b .larepe hjth b nciixyiuKe? 
He nonuTaTbCH cnacTH ero -aawe ucHofi npHOcraHOBKH 
<iXpOHHKii»? B Hana-ne 1973 r. co6pajiocb necKO.nbKo 
HejioBCK, npHiacTHbix K "XpoKHKC". H roraa, comacHo 
paccxaay caMoro JlKoScoHa: iMu ...odcydwiu eonpoc. 
6btmb win Hem 28-My HOMepy. H «. ecmecmeeuHO, 6w,i 
luiiieu npaaa ?oioca kqk .lutfo 3auHmepecoea»Hoe. ...// 
peuiuiu: Hem. neebiudem cemac 28-u Ho.vep». 

<iXpoHiiKa» MOJiHajia nojiTopa roaa. Ho MaTepHa.nb; 
K 6iojuieTeHio npOiiojiMcajin coSupaTbCH. 7 Man 1974 r.. 
Koraa Mko6coh Guji ywe b H3paK;ie, T. BeJiHKanoBa, 
C. KoBajieB h T. XoiiopOBHH otkpwto nepeaajiH sanaa- 
HfaiM KOppecnoHUCHTaM cpa3y rpw HOMepa "XpoHHKHw: 
28, 29 H 30-n. 3aiTO*nnHecKHfl maHTajK 6bi.i copeaii. 

...YBbi, 3MnrpauH5i He cnacjia Hamero Touiy. B 
M3pa)uieMb]cj]b.HToeMy6ojibUjeHeyBHziaTbPoccmo.Ke 
BcxaTb p)i;ioM c npecjiejiyeMbiMH apyabHMH, xtmoyaice 
HUKOzda. HUKoeda... EoMceMou. HUKo^da!. . » (A. ra;inv. 
<(OnuT HOCTajibrnHM), pas 3a pa30M BBeprauia ero s )Kec- 
TOHafiuiyro jenpeccHio. 28 ceHxaSpd 1978 r. oh noKOH- 
■iHJi c co6ofi. Ho BCJb H jioMa ero c HeH35e«HOCTbH> 
owHjiajiii roju jiarepet4()iiH nc>ixyujKH)-BbiHec/iH6bi 
OH HX? B nocBRUieHKOM Touie CTHXOTBopeHHH «npoma- 
HHot AaBtizi CaMoHnoB nncaji: 

Ho Kmo 6 e.\iy HOKOidoeai 

Baiandy u .leconoear 

Hmo6bi OH eo.ioey coeai 

B podHOe neKto. 

MHTepMeflMH 

A xaKHc coSbiTHR B ctfiepe 6opb6i.[ 3a npaBa lejiOBe- 
Ka npoHcxoatinii b to epeMfi. noKa MQ;i<<anaHXpoHiiKa»? 
McKiy OKTaopeM 1972-ro h MaeM 1974 r. ? Bot nenojt- 
Has Bbi6opKa. 

...4 H0ji6p« 1972 r. b jiarepHoH SojibHHue vMCp 
KUpMfl ra-naHCKOB, no.iHTjaicnK>MeHHbi(i. n>6jiMmicT h 
no3T, roa H jsa Mecnua He ^okhbiuhH iio Konua caoero 
7-j)eTHero cpoxa. Emv Sbr.io 33 roaa. 



■KAPTA- M aa-W 20M 



^ N3 MGIOPim HHAKDMblCJillll 



145 



. . .Bojibiue roaa KpvTHnaci. abUBO.ibCKas k-pyroBeprb 
BOKpyr ae;ia JInHpa h KpacMHa. BecHoR npHsrejiM weo- 
jKHaaKHo HanoMHH-iH o ceoe. B anpejie 1973 r, o<|)Hiiep 
KFB jocTaEiiJi aKaaeMHKy A. Caxaposy nHCbuo h3 Jle- 
4K>pTOBCK(i[l TiopbMbL OT H. ^KHpa c npH3UB0M npcKpa- 
THTb BCflKiie npoTCCTHue BbicTyrLieHHS. nocKOiibKy okh 
(KaK oco3Haji Tenepb Rerp Hohobkh) HcnojibsyiOTCJi 
Bpa>KecKO(t nponaraHaoft. H b tom we anpe^ne B. KpacKK 
nepejian (c pa3peiiiennji cjieaOBaxejiaU riHCbMO, ajpeco- 
BaHHoe "flpyibflM Ha bojic". KpacHH nHcan, tro «aeMOK- 
paTH^ecKoe jBHweHMe" noTcpncio nopaiKeKne h npH- 
3biBa;i OJiM cnaceHHK niojefl BcewepHO cojeilcTBOBaib 
cjie;iCTBMK> II ^laeaTb orKpoeeHHue noKasa^Hfl He TOJibKO 
ce6e. ho ii o cboh\ jp>3b)ix. K 3T0My *e ohh npH3MBa.iH 
Ha oHHbix CTSBKax cBOHXToeapHUiefi: H. EMe/iLKHny, 
to. MajibUCBa. H. Bejioropoflcnyio, H. JlKnp, K>. KiiMa. 
H. TaSan HiipyrHx. Ho KannrynjiHTCKHM npHSUsaM noc- 
jieiOBa-iH HCMHorHe. 

...30 0KTn6ps 1972 roaa. OTCHaee aesiiTb Mecxues 
noa cjieaCTBHCM. 6biJi ocyaiiieH k 5 rojaM iiciporaHai* 3a 
pacnpocTpaHCHiie cawHiaaTa h, b nacTHOCTir nXpOHH- 
KH» KpOHHii JIioSapcKHB, vHeHbifl-acTpoHOM H3 noawoc- 
KOBHoD MepHorojioBKii. 

...29 HHBapa 1973 roaa, nocjie roiia riopeMHO- 
cneacTBeHHbix MwrapcTB. MO.noiiofi yHeHbifi-MaTewaTHK 
JleoHna njnomobo npHSHaH Khcbckhm cyaoM HeBMCHJi- 
CMbiM H Hanpaajieii iianpHHVjiHTenbHoeneMeHHeBcneu- 
ncnx6o.ibHHuy. fjiaaHbiMH nyHKxaMH o6fli!HeHHH 6bi;io 
ero H.neHCTBo b HF h ynacTHe b pacnpocTpaHeHHH wXpo- 

HHKHM. 

.26 HOfl6pn 1973 roaa Mocropcyji npH-)Ha.i we- 
BMeHneMbiM H KanpaBHH Ha<yieHeHHe» b ncHXHarpHHec- 
Kyio 6ojibHHuy (oSmero inna) MareMaTHxa lOpwa UJh- 
xaHOBHHa. B HHCJie nponero ero oSbhfuuih b pasMHOwe- 

HHH H pacnpOCTpaHCHHH «XpOHHKH». 

...ApecTOsaHHoro 3 wojin 1973 rona raopHans 
Cynep(})HHa cyannH b Mae 1974r. no 70-R cTaTbe VK 3a 
nepeaa-iy Ha 3anafl TiopeuHbix aneeHHKOB -icaMOjieTHH- 
Kan 3jiyapfla Kyineuosa h 3a ynacTHe b pesaKTHpoBaHHH 
«XpoHMKH». ripHroBop - 5 JiCT (icTporaiaii k 2 roaa 

CCblJIKII. 

...BHKTopa HeKHnejiOBa. no3Ta m Bpaia. apecio- 
BaHHoro B HKjJie 1973 r., cyiuuiH b Mae 1974 r. Ewy 
HHKpHMHHHpoBajiocb pacirpocTpaHCHHe oaHoro Bbinyc- 
Ka nXpOHHKHM, a raKJKe co6cTBenHbix cthxob h iiy6jiH- 
UHCTHHecKHX CTaTcfi. Chaiana, BHiiOMO. HeKHneJiOBa 
HaMep)iBa,iHCbo6'b»BHTbHeBMeH)ieMbiMHiianpaBHJiifHa 
ncHXHarpHHecKyKi 3KCnepTH3y. ho hotom nepeaywaaH h 
no 190- i CT, VK npHroBOpHJiH k 2 roaaM jiarepa 

...B aeKa6pe 1973 r. b IlapHwe 6un HaneiaiaH 
nepsbifiTOM cciiKEHHubiHCKoro KApXHnCjiara ryJlAfx. 
Cpa3y we Bcto coBeicKyto npeccy 3ax/iecTHyjTH bojihw 
«Hapo3Horo rHeBa». MnTaTe;iH, He npOMHraBiuHe hh 
CTpoKXH H3 ero KHHrH. B03Myiua;iHCb wnpeaaTejieM h 
icneaeTKHKOMw k Tpe6oBa.iH iui»i Hero cypoaoro Haxaaa- 
Hua. 12<tieBpajiii 1974r. CojiweHHUWHSujiapecTOBaH, a 
Ha caeayiomHR iiCHb - jihuich coBercKoro rpaxuiaKCTBa 
H BbicnaH H3 CCCP. Psta cobctckhx rpavaaii OTKpbJTO 




fOpuu rai\ancKoe 



ocyamiH Tpae/iio nHcarejiM h Bbicujiicy ero mCoserc- 
Koro CoK)3a, 

...npHTOBop raaBHUM «repo(iM» (nejia Jfe lAn - 
>lKHpy H KpacHHy- 6bui BbineceH I ceHraSpo 1973 r. Ha 
cyae o6a ohh BupasHjiH pacKaaHwe h noflTBepaH-iH anrH- 
coBCTCKyio HanpaBJicHHOCTb flOKymeHTOB Hhhuhbthb- 
Hofl rpynnbi h MarepiiajiOB «XpOHHKH». npH3Ha;iH K/ie- 
BCTofi coo6meHHii o ncHXHarpHHecKHx penpeccHsx b 
CCCP, 3a 3T0 r>MaHHb[fi cobctckhIi cya npnroBopiLi 
<tnHjiepoBaBH)KeiiMa» nocypOBOii 70-RciaTbe k3 rojaM 
jiareps h 3 - ccbi;iKH. CnycTs leiupe aHJi wa npecc- 
KOH(})epeHU>iH ^Knp H KpacHH noBTopKJiH Bce 3T0 nepeii 
iiHocTpaHHbiMii wypHajiHCTaMH. H npH KaccauHM npKro- 
Bop 6bLn CMflruen, o6ohm npHATejiflM ocTaeiuiH ot^u- 
saTb ToabKO ccbuiKy. A cnycTH roii - aMHHCTHpoBaiiH. 

OrpUBKH HX HHTepBbK) TI0Ka3a.1H HO COBCTCKOP^ 

TcieBHaeHHK). Ho ecKOpe, b tom we ceniJiSpe, mu npo- 
■uiH H saiiBJieHKe HHHUHaTHBHoO rpynnu o cyae Baa 
CBOHMH 6b]BUlHMH yvaCTHMKaMH, BOT 4TO Taw 6«ao 

CKa^aHo: «...!}. finup u B. KpacuH ho aiedcmeuu. cydeu 
npecc-KOHtpepenifUU ebtcmynwju c JODKHtLvv sasiejieHii- 
HMu. Tpa^uiHo. imo 3ma .loych KacaetncM moKjKe cydb- 
6bi u penymaifuu ecex naiumuteCKUX saKitotenHbix e 
.laeepfix, rmopt-Mox u ncuxuampuvecKux 6ojbHuiiax 
CCCP. ...MtM cvv6u4ae.umu:ibKa tpunmbi. MbiyOeoKde- 
ubi e ucmuHHOcmu Hcauux cooAmenuuH. 

OrBepraji ofiBHHeHiu b lUieBere, rpynna saiiBiuia o 
HaMepeHMH npoaoawaxb h Bnpeiib cboio fleHTCjibHocTb. 



wwwkarlAorg 



14B 



4 



N3 NCTDPHH HHAKOMblCilKR 



ripoHTJi B caMHSiiaTe 3T0 lansjieHiie HP, coKya- 
CTBVFOiuHe aHCCHflCHTaM jik)jim ouiyimn. 4to nanimviti- 
UHii >JKHpa H KpacHHa ne ySiuia npaBoiaiuHTHoe asHiKe- 
HHe, HTO OHO - XHBO. BOT TOflbKO «XpoH«Ka)> 6o;ibiiie He 

BUKOIIHT. HO MHOrOM K3 paCCKaiaHHOrO Bblllie Mbf y3Ha- 

BBJIH Tenepb ot ciryMaa k cjiynaio, HiycTHO h HenojiHO. 
...TparHHecKHM 3xom «aejia tf" 24» ciajia ni6ejib 
MjibH Faoaji. Hcjiobck hccth, no3T, omymaBiuHfl yyJKyio 
6oJib e3Ba .111 He ocrpee coocTBeHHoif. oh dmji oSpeieK 
BciynaibCH 3a roNHMbis h npecjieayeMwx. Hjibs b Mae 
1972 r. ocBo6ojiHjic(i noc.ie tpex Jier jiareps. h hohth 
no.iTOpa rojia KPB hc odxoawi ero cbohm ^jiobciuhm 
«BHiiMaHHeM». Ha flonpocax h «6eceaaxii HCKHCTbi yrpo- 

3aMH H yBeiUesaHHIIMK ynopHO CrpCMHJlHCb CKflOHHTb 

faSaii K <(noKajiHHra». Ho Hjibs 6biJT npocTo He cnoco6eH 
nocjie.iOBaTi, npwMepy flKHpa. KOTOporo oh aoJTrne roflbi 
HHCJim CBOHM apyroM H naacHKc Koroporo 6ojie3){eHHo 
nepewHBaji. FaGafi Swji lanpejcibHo HSMyneH, no jawe 
caMbie ojiH^Kiie jipyib^i He noHXJiH BOBpeMn sccft r .ivGh- 
Hw ero oTHasHiia. Ra h hcm mh mofjih ewy nOMOHb? 20 
oKTHopfi 1973 r. Kniouja BuSpocitacs c GaaxoHa cBoefi 
KBapTHpbi Ha 1 1 3Ta»e... 

PaaopBaHHan nerjifi 

«...BecHou }974Fodaco6pa.icndoeaibHo6o.ibiuou 
Kpyejiiodeu. u mn peutmu no3o6Hoeiimb ettnycK "Xpo- 
HUKu "u. Tocda 3Ke o6cyjicda.iocb, omKpbieaitib uiu iiem 
UMena pedoKmopoe. ho ece Jice peuiuiu ocmaeumb pe- 
doKifuio QHOHUMHoit. HecmaibKouscoodpaoKeHuuoeio- 
nacHocmu, cKoibKo nomo.Mv, tmo no comou caoeu npu- 
pode "XpoHUKa" qhohumho. A »om nmnemcmnenHOcmb 
la pacnpocmpaneHue eifuu Ha ceda TambJiua Xodopo- 
SUV. Cep^eu Koeajies u ». U6 3moM Mbi cde.ia.iu laneie- 
Huee.uae l974^o^a. To^dajice abtuLiu u mpu sadepMcaii- 
Hbi.x Ha epe.\ifi Ho.vepa. a lepes .vecntf - ei^e odun«. - 
paccKaibiBaeT TartfiHa BejiHKaHOBa. 

OucHHT JIH ceroiiHjiiijHHfi iHraTCflb MyateCToo Jiio- 

aeli. OTKpUTO O&bJIBHBUIHX TOrjia O CBOeH [ipilHaCTKOC- 

TH K "XpoHHKew? Koraa 3a «KpaM0JibHbiM» StojuiereHeM 
roHHaca KFE, Koraa HewanojiioiieH yiKC nojiy^HJiH cpoKa 
3a ero HiroTORjicHHe h pacnpocTpaHCHHC? MocKORCKaa 
pe^iaKUdfl HanoMHHna cbohm HuraTariHM, mto npHMiiHOii 
npHocTaHOBJiCHHa K3aaHi»i "R&itL'iucb HeodHOKpantHbie 
u Hedeyc.Mbic.ieiiHbieycpo3bi opcanoe KFE omeeiamb na 
KOJKdbiu Hoebiii BbinycK "XpoHUKu" HOSbLvu apecma- 
.vu». HTO peaaicTopaM npHxonnnocb «npuHUMamb peuie- 
Hux Hn mojbKO 3a ce6n. Ho u daibneuiuee .Maitanue 
osHaiato 6bi noddepoKny - nycmb KoceeHnyio u naccue- 
Hyio - "moK/nuKu sojiodkhukoh" . HecooMecmhMyio c 
npaeav, Mopaitbio u docmouHcmeav ne^oeeKa. fTo3mo- 
!uy "XpoHUKa" eoioduo&iaem ny6.iuKai4uio Mamepua- 
jioe, cmpeMUCb coxpanumb Hanpae.ieHue u cmiab npe- 
MCHWc ebmycKoe/i. 

... 1 974 roaoM aaritpoBaKbi euie Tpw BbinycKa 6kjji- 
jieieHB. Ho Tenepb (ne Sepycb yrBepHcaaib c ysepeHHo- 
cTbK)) «XpoHHKy» CTariH MCHbiue nepenenaTUBaTb BHyr- 

PM CTpaHbl. BOIMOKKO. OaHOH HI npHHHH 3Toro 6ujio 
yaenoMneHHe Hbio-ftopKCKoro M3aaTenbCTBa o tom, qro 
OHO, aiLvestitcHo ebipajiceHHbie no.iHo.uouwi. 6ydem. no 




MnbH Tafia o 

uepe nocmynieHwi, nepeusdaeantb muno,^paif}CKitv cno- 
co6oM ebinycKae.\tbiu e CCCP e ca.\iu3dame Mcypnai 
'XponuKO meKyniux co6bimuu"». flepeneiaTbiBaTb Ha 
MauiHHKe B CoBCTCKOM Coiose «KpaMOJibHbie» BbinycKH 
oStewoM no40(aTOHno90)cTpaHim-iie;io neiojibKO 
TpyflocMKoe, HO H oHCHb onacHOc. He jTyime ;ih aow- 
jiaTbCM, Koroa HanetaTaHHuH 3a kopaohom 6io;ijieTeHb 
caM BepHercs k ham bmcctc c npov^iM TaMHsaaroM? JIa, 
TBK 6m,io h aerne, h npoiue. Ho nponaaaaa orepaTHB- 
HocTb nyTeiuecTBya b TeneHiic MHorMx Mccauea 3a 
py6e* H oSpaTHO. HHtjiopMauHH - yaw! - reptLia caom 
aKTya-ibHocTb. MoKoyrcM b 1974 r. «XpoHHKa)> coo6- 
iiiajia; 

- o6 ocBo6o»:aeHHH k3 ncMXHaTpM-iecKofi SontHHuu 
nocjie5cjiHii]KOMaeT(uieHeHii!i»pa3)KanoBaHHororeHe- 
paaa 11. FpHropcHKo; 

o npecjiejosaHHax JIhtobckoB KaTOJiHHccKoR ucpKBH; 

- npecjteztoBaHHsx kpbimckhx rarap h o hobom apecTe 
M. fl^eMHaesa: 

- o6 HCKjiioHeHHH H3 Coio3a nKcareaefl JIhahh HyKOBC- 
Koii H B.naTiHMHpa BoCiHOBUMa: 

- o a,iM8iueMC« noHTK aBoe cyrox b KiicBe oSucKe y 
nHcaTeaji-(J>poHTOBHKa BHKTopa HeKpacoea; 

o nojio»eHHH B TTopbMax H nojiHTaarepHx: 

- o coaepataHHH HHaKOMUcasiuHX b ncHx6oabHiiuax; 
-ocyaeBJleHHHrpaaeHaaaHTepaTopoM M. XeK())eucM 
(3a HanHcaHHyio hm ctbtwo o H. EpoacKOM h ja npoKwii 
caMH3aaT ero npHroBopHan k 4 roaau «CTpora<ia» h 2 
roaain ccmjTkh): 



■KAPTA- Nl 38-40 200* 



^ Ha NCTQPM XHAHOMblCilllll 



147 



-ocyae. npHroBopKBUicM 56-jieTHeroBMHHHUKoro Bpa- 
la M. IllTepHa k S roiiaM jiarepeCf: 4>a;it>cK(t)iiiiiipoBaH- 

HOe 06BHHeHKe bo B3HTKax H MOmCHHHHeCTBe BOIBCIH 

Ha Hero nocjie Toro, KaK ero MJiamiiMfi cwh noaan laxa- 

jicHHC Ka Bbiem B Hspaiuib: 

-HO MHO*ecTBe iipyrHX (He nepeiecTi.!) co6MTHti, 

060HiieHHUX BHHViaHHeM noaUCHiypHOR COBCTCKOfl 

npeccbi. H, HaKOHeu, o tom, hto 27 aeKaCps, waKaHyHc 
HOBoro 75-ro rojia, ouji apecToaaH CepreR KoBa;ieB - 

OilHHH3TexTpOHX,KTOnpHHJIJlHaCe6>10TBe'rcTBeHHOCrb 

3a pacnpocTpaHCHHe SfoJuieTeHS h kto nocjie orbesaa b 
Hipaiuib A. ilKo6coHa 6bi.i BurtycKaiouiHM peaaKTopoM 
CCMM ero Bbin^CKOB. Apecr h ocyxcflchiie KoBajiesa cra- 
JiH KaK ow HCKynHie-TtHoft wepTBofi la B03o6HOBJieHHe 
«XpoHHKH)). Ho ncT.is 3a;ioJKHH4ecKoro maHTa>Ka ouna 
OTHUHe paiopBana. 

KaK 3TO Aenanocb 

Mto Haao Obuio ium loro, HToObi BunycKaTb «Xpo- 
HHKy»? 

PaiyMceTCS, Haao 6biJio pacno-iaraib HH(t»opMauH- 
eM. Ho KaK ee nojiyHMTb? JKaatb KoppecnoHneHUHH ot 
HMTaTejiefl? yaw, hh noHTOBoro ajipeca. hh HweH cbohx 
peaaKTOpoB SrojiJiereHb o€i>BBHTb He Mor. kT&u He.\te- 
Hee. KajKdbiu ....^e^Ka MOMcem nepedamt, ineecmHyio 
e.uy UHfpop.vaifuio e pacnopstiKEHue "XponuKU ". Pac- 
CKOJicume ee mo.vy. y k<ko ett eamu "XpaiiuKy", a oh 
paccKOJKem maiiy. y Koeo on e3H.i "XponuKy" u m. d. 
To.ibKO He nbimaumecb eduHOJiuHho npoumu scio iienov- 
Ky. tmoSbt eac He npuHiua 3a cmyxaiaa. - HanwcaHO b 
pejaKUHOHHOM H3BeiueHHM, 3aKJiioiiaBiiieM 5-R BunycK 
6iojiJieTeHfr. Ha aene Bce oScToarro He tbk npocTo. 

HsycTHo nepeaasaeMUfi paccKas. KaK «iicnopveH- 
HbiR Tejiett>OH», nopOKiiaeT n MHo>KHToui>i6KH h hctoh- 
HOCTH. no3TOMy coo6meH[in Haao Gujio laniicbiaaTb. 
Haao 5wjio oTcenTh h nepenpoaepHTb Bce coMHrne.!!.- 
Hoe. KaK? IlyTCM conocTaBJieHHS c paccKaiaMH apyr«x 
jiwaefi o Tex me co6biTM*ix. H>iorjia noao6Hue coo5me- 
HHfi noKa3biBaiH (OKcnepTaM» (nanpHMep, SbiarnKM no- 

JIHT3aKJIK>HeHHblM) U CnpaiUHSa/lH HX, BO3M0MH0 JTH Ta- 

Koc? Bce HCflocTOBcpHoe oxmrajibiBajiH ajist nepenpo- 
aepKH H He BicnioHajiK b BunyCK. MxttiopMaiiHto Ha:io 
6biao HCKaTb. Ha:io 6hU]o onpocHrb poacTBeHHHKOB no- 
jiHnaKJiKiHeHHbix. npHcyrcTBOBaBiuHx Ka hx cyiiax kjih 

BepHyBUIMXCfl CO CBMjaHllR C KHMH. 

Ouih6kh Bce pasHo cjiyMajiHCb. HanpHMep. H3-3a 
TpyaHoCTefi pacii]H4)poBKn «MejiKonHcn» - coo6uieHKfi 
H3;iarepefi. T. BenHKaHoea pactKaawaajia oO MouiMfiKC 
BeKa»:BcnHCKe3aK.ii04eHHwxnepMCKMxjiarepefi.noMe- 
uieHHOM B 33-M BuitycKe. npo HHryma KDcyra TasHesa 
5bijio HanHcaHO, ito oh 6biJi npeaceaarejieM KOjtxosa. B 
35-M BunycKC noMeiuCHa nonpaBKa: He i<6bi.i npeaceia- 
Te.icM Ka^xo3a)^, a "ySHj npeaceaaiejis Koiixo3a». B 
nocTosHHOM pa3jejie ^FIonpasKH h aonojiHeHHSM «Xpo- 
HHKa>i Bceraa aKKyparno iicnpaBrDuia Bce o^Kapywen- 
Hue ouihSkh. 

H Haao 6mjio khc 3acBeTHTb», ySepenb or KHE 
co6iipaTe<iefl iiH(|)opMauHK. sunycKaiomvix peaaKTopoB. 



nepencHaTHHKOB. Hmchho nojTomy 3tm rpynnw acjiare- 
.neH«XpOKHKH»6uJiHOTaejieHbiapyroTiipyra. Hotcio- 
ijawe name Bceraa noapaayMeaaeMoe npasiino: He cnpa- 
iiiHBaTb: KTO? KaK? oTKyaa? (h He paccKa3biBaTi. aawe 
caMbiM6jiii3KiiM HaoBepeHHbiMJiioaflM) HMieroiiiituHe- 
ro. eciH 3TOro ne Tpe6yK)T MHTepecbi aejia. HanpHMep, 
OT Koro noayHHa «XpoHHKy» unw kto npHnacTCH k hcH. 

Ho BOT HH4>opMaiui)i co6paHa. HacTyna.1 canibiH 
oTBeTCTseHHuH 3Tan - cocTaBJieHHe h peaaKTHpoeatiue 
TCKCTa. ^is iTorociapajiHCb noatiCKaTb "HHCTyiO", t. e. 
He Haxon(imyTocfl«noa K0;inaKOM» KfB, KsapTHpy. H b 
3To(1 OTropoweHHofl ot MHpa «Kejibe» 3-4 wxpoHMKepaii 
HacKoabKo B03MO)KHo6bJCTpococTaBJiantipyKonHCb ho- 
MCpa. SarcM ipyrne nmuM b apyroM mcctc reHaraaii 
«HyjieByKi 3aKnaiiKy». H yHHSTOwajiM HaxOHeu ace nep- 
HOBHKH. KCnempeHHue pyKOTiHCHMMH noMeTaMH. 

Bce? Hei. Tenepb Haao 6biJio. ito6u «XpoHHKa» 
paBJieiCJiacb no CTpane. H nonajia 6u 3a rpannuy. a 
HajiHaseBCKoe H3aaTe.ThCTBO b Hbfo-HopKe. TojibKO 370 
rapaHTHpoBa/io, hto Becb npejiuayiiiHR Tpya He OKaweT- 
csi HanpacHbiM, hto co6paHHaii nH(|)opMat]Hs He crHHer a 
apxHsax KTB H craner aocTynKofi OTeiecTBeHHofi h 
MiipoBofl o6uiccT6eHHOCTii. T. BcjiHKaKOBa ynoMHHana, 
4TOJiHiH0 3Haaao uiecTH KBHanax, no KOTopuMGrojLie- 
TeHb pacxoflHjicfl no CoBCTCKOMy Corosy. ho vto Ha aeae 
KX 6bLio haMHoro Sojibuie. Hto %e KacaercH nonaaaHHn 
3apy6e*. .riHCbMa. a;ipecoRaHHi.ie3arpaHHiy, HpTonb- 
Ko noiBepnuHCb nenacHOMy npocMOTpy, ho nonpocTy 
3aaepiKHBajiHCb. ecaH BJiacxH HaxoanJiH 3to HyiKHUM. 
3neKTp0HH0fl noiTw a tc apcMena hc Sbtjio. nepeaasaTb 
BbinycKH lanaaHbiM KoppecnonaeHTaM? JlHiub Heaaeno 
a ysHaji, hto 3T0 Otaa ne eaHHCTBenxuR h aaiKe He 
raaBHUftnyrb. Ho, Mo«eT 6biTb, iiceroaHaemepaHOo6 
3T0M . . 

Hto Hy*H0 6huio eme? «KaKaji-To TexHwiecKaji 
6a3a.-noacKa3biBaeTMHeceroflHfliiiHHflMOJioaoflHHTa- 
TCJib. - riepcoHajibHbix KOMnbioTepoB b aauiH aonoTon- 
Hue BpeueHa eme He 6btao. ho yxe 6ujih. Ka»eTC)i. 
KcepOKCbi. HeB03MO)KHo xte pas 3a paaoM nepectyKHBaTb 
TeKCTbi Ha MaiiiHHKe. H eiiie Hy>KHu rpanTbi - ny. na Te 
xe nHiuyiuHe MauiHHKH, hb 6yMary, hb oruiary nepene- 

HaTKHB. 

Mto OTBCTlTTb 3T0My COBpeMEHHOMy MOJioaoMy He- 
Jioaexy? KcepoKcu Toraa KMCjiticb tuabxo B "CCKper- 
HMX» oxnejiax K noji laMKOM: nonuTKa BocnojibioBaTbCfi 
HMH SbLna 6u BepnoR aoporoR k npoeaay. HaKaKott 
noMoiuH )i3-3a rpaHHUbi (hk tcm 6oaee HecjiuxaHKux b 

TO SpCMJl «rpaHTOB») HHKTO H3 npaB03aUiHTKHK0B He 

no;iyMaa. 

^ Mbi H caMH He xorejiH iToro. He ToabKo nOTOMy. 

HTO HaC KEMCOJieHHO 06'btlBH.lH 6bl <([UiaTHblMH arOHTB- 

MKHMnepHa.i[f3Ma». HoMucaMHOiuyuiajiHCBOFonpaBO- 
3aiuHTHyH) aesTe/ibHOCTb nacTHUM x BnyipeHHHM ae- 
aoM. TaK HTO na uauiHHKH. 6yMary. nepenenaiKy mu 
TpaTwiH jiHiub co6cTBeHHbie cpeacTBa h apeMsi. Bnpo- 
HCM. «roHopapbJH Mu Bcc paBHO noJiynajiH. ToatKO bu- 
pa«ajincb OHH B uieapbix rropewHux h aarcpHuxepoKax 
HJiH aaJKe b noMemcHHn b ncHxyiuKy. 



vnnH kvU erg 



141 



^ 13 tmm NHAKOMblCilNfl 



...PaccKasbiBaioT, hto coeeTOJiorH na 3anaiie chk- 
Ta.iH. ><TOii,ifl BunycKaraxoro tniiaHHH. ksk «XpoHHKa». 
Heo6xoanM ucibifi MHCTinyr. B aeficTBHTe-ibHOCTH y 
Kawaoro HOMCpa SiojiJieTeHa Cwjio laiue Bcero jiHiub 3- 
4 Bbrn^'CKaioiuiix peiiaKTopa: la Bce BpeMii cyuiecTSOBa- 
HHJi OKJJiJiereHa hx 6biJio, aepoJiTHO, <t\-it, 6ojitme nojiy- 
Topa jiecdTKOB. H ceoefi i<xpoHHKepcKofl» aenTe-ibHoc- 

TbK) OHH 3aKHMajlHCb CBCpXypOHHO, B CB060IlHOe OT 

ocHOBHofipa6oTWBpeMa.Ec.in*ec4MTaTbBcex.TaKnjiH 
MHaie npiiHacTHMX k «XpoHiiKe» jirojeTi. to laKKX OKa- 
3a.iocb obi. KaBepKoe, na iicjibi^ nopxjOK oojibiue. 

H caMoc rjiasHoe. caMoe Heo6xoiiHMOc. mto hvm^ho 

6biJTo na M HorojiCTHero cyiuecTBOBaHHJi "Xpohhkhb, 

3T0 HTOCW HaOJjlHCb CaMOOTBep/KCHHWe H MVJKeCTBeH- 

Hue .iioiiH, roTOBbre 6e3B03Me3iHO. c pncKou iuia ce6!i, 
coo6uiaTb o6iuecTBy npaB;iDByK) iiHtftopMaui^io ii eonpe- 

KH BCCM yrpOiaM BUnOJIHOTbTO, 1T0 OHK CMKTaJIH CBOMM 

rpa)KiiaHCKKM lOJiroM. 

«XpOHHKepbl» 

riopa paccKasaTb iiojpo6Hee o tcx. kto jiejiaji «Xpo- 

HHKyx. CKOJTbKO HX 6UJT0? CGOpUlHKOB HH<t>OpMaUMH. 

BunycKaioiuHx peaaKTopoB. riepenesaTHHKOB. Tex, kto 
ronaMH cocTaanaji kfih neiara-i eronjiereHb. H kto y^ia- 

CTBOBajT B 3TOM 3nH30aH^eCKH WJIH JiaatC OaHOKpaTHO. 

Tex, KTO saiuiaTHJi 3a caoe yMacrwe roaaMH HesojiH. H 
Tex, Koro MMHvjia lauia chji, 

...30 anpejiH 1993 roaa b mockobckou "MeMopwa- 
jie» oTMCiajiocb 25-JieTHe poxaeHHfl kXpohhkhm, Ha 
jiHCTOKax 6>Marn. poJaaHHWx yiacTHHKaM BcipefH. 
SbiJiH HaneiaTaHW 57 ())aMwnHfi -Tex, KoroBcnoMHuno. 
KTO B ToR HJiH HHO» CTencHH 5w;i npHHacTCH K Bbixoay 
6ioji-TeTeH)i. H3 hhx okojto flBajiuaTH - ouBuiHe vjhhkh 
.narepefl h,im ncHxyiueK. ,^aJ1cc a nonbiraiocb KopoTKO, 
He BbicTpaHBaa no paHiKHpy. paccKaiaTb o HaHSonee 
aKTHBHUx H 3HaK0Mbix MHe «xpoHHKepax». M IiyCTb 

npOCTST MCHJI TC. O KOM fl He HanHtUJ. nOCKOJIbK)' MHe He 

H3BecTHa HX pojib B cosiiaHHH 3To)i CecnpHMepHoH jiero- 

HHCM. 

HaTajibfl ropSaneBCKafl. Ohb €biJia He TOJibKO 
ocHOBaTejihHiiucB, ne To.ibKO peaanropoM nepabix jecji- 
TH HowepOB. HO H nepeneiarqHKOM Stoji.TeTeHS. - nep- 
Bbie ero BbinycKH ona caMa oTCTyxana Tia MauiHHKe. Eio 
la-ToweHa rpaaHUHJi SeioueHOHHofi (}>aKTorpa4)HH h xo- 
poiuHfi .iHTeparypHbifi ;poBeHb6io.iJieTeHfl. Flocjie ape- 
CTa HaTauiH ee cmchmji Ha nocTy peaaKiopa AHarojiHH 
flKo6coH. Oh BbtnycTHn c I l-ro no 27-fi nowep «XpoHH- 
KH" (KpoMe 15-ro), H cyMC.i noao6paTb 3HeprHHHyK) 
KOMaHiiy. c noMOBibFO kOTopoft. OTropoawBiuHCb OTO 
Bcero M Bcex. 6biCTpo coctsb-iili tckct h neiaTaji oiojt- 
JiercHb Ha 4befl-To "•(hctoBs KsapTHpe. 3tz TexHHKa 
pa5oTbi 6buia bo mhofom BOcnpHHHTa h nocjicitywiUHMM 
peaaKTopastH. Vikc b nepBofi «XpoHHKe», to ecTb bo 
Bpeuena FopSaHeBCKott h ^KoScona, ytacTHe b ee bu- 
nycKax (KTOOTCJiv-Has Kciycaio. KTOpery/iapHo) npn- 
HHMajTH: HjibHH rajiHra6ali, KpaitKHp, lOjiHit Khm, 
Hajexaa EMCibKHHa, Bepa JlaiuKOBa, HpHHa Ee^io- 
ropo.icKan, E.ieHa CMOpryHOBS, PaBpHMb Cynep- 



(^HH, AjieKcauap Jlaayr, Cepiefl KoBa.TeB, TaTbHHa 
BeiiHKaHnBa. JleoHHii CenoB. M. BepoxTHO. euie He- 

CKOJlbKO HCjlOBeK. 

Cepreit KoBajies peaaicnipOBaji 7 buhvckob 6ioji- 
/lETeHH. 3a lerbipc mm flo apccra y Hcro na oSwckc 
H3bn.iH HHCbMa no.'iHT3aK.iioHeHHbix. 3aflBJieHH!i a HX 
3aiuHTy, «ApxHne;iar ryJlAr», BunycKH «XpoHHKH» h 
npoHHe npaBoiamiiTHue CvMarH. B HOHb Ka 27iieKa6px 
1974 r. Cepreii BMecre c aKaaeMXKOM A. CaxaposbiM 
cocTaBK.1 o5pameHHe c npH3WB0M k BceMHpHOfl awHHc- 
THH y3HHK0B coBecTK. ripHrjiaiiieHHbii) no Tejie<t(OHy 
cneaoBarejicM wzuia KOpOTKoropa3roBOpa». CepreB npw- 
uie.T Ha JlyoaHKy yrpOM 27 aeKa6pH vi 6bin apecTosan. 

B 3amHTy KoBanesa roTHac BWCTynHJi CaxapoB. H 
MHoro npypHX Jironefi. KOJiJiexTHBHO kth HHjHBHiiya.ib- 
MO. lawBJieHHe HHWUHaTHBHoflrpynnbieaamHTyCepreg 
noxiepjKajiH 52 HeiioBexa. A bot cjiobb m3 oT^iejibHoro, 
JiHHHoro laflBfieHHfi K. Ea6HUKoro. My)Ka T. Be.iHKaHo- 
Bofl: cfl iLueK yet-mb 6bimb dpyeoM Cep^e^ Koeaieea. 
3mn liduH ui coMhix Siasopodubix niodeii, Komopbix n 
jHoio. eoiuoxHO. caMbiu coeeputEHHbiu us hhx. ...M 
paideinK) o6pa3 Mbicieu Cepeex Koetvieaa u ododpnio 
e^o dejuni^ibHucme,. ... Ecju h com hc jauiLvaiocb jmu.». 
mo 3mo aonpoc .luiHhix CKiOHHOcmeu u cnocodHOcmeu. 
...fl yduaviiocb .itodau. ifbi^uu pyKavu ocymecmejeH 
apecm Cepeex Koeaieea. HeyoKe.iu otiu He noHuxiaiom. 
•/mo, npuHiLMOM .^u<^lloe y^acmue a cmaib deccoaecmiiou 
Hecrtpaeed.iueocmu. OHU ... Haece^da ca\iu.muiaioince6x 
eoiuoMTHOcmu cMumambcH nopado'iHU.MU .iiodbMU? » 

CyaHaaCepreew npoxoiiHJi BucKaope 1975 roaaB 
Bw/ibHioce (B/iacTH npejinoMJiM nponecTH npouecc no- 
3a;ib[iie ot jipy3eff noiicyiiiiMoro h BKHMaHHx HHOCTpaH- 
HblX KoppecnoHjieHTOB). 

Ha oi|>nuHajibHo OTKpwTOM npouecce KpOMC "ny6- 
HHKH no nponycKaMii npHcvTCTBoaajiH TOJibKO poa- 
CTBeHHHKH Ccprea. AjBOKajoB C. B. Ka;iJiHCTpaTOBy h 

JX. H. KaMHHCKyK), KOTOpMM OH XOTCJl flOBepHTb CBOK) 

laiuHiy, He aonycTHjiM k y^acTmo a npouecce, a ot 
«k-a3eHHoro» sauiHTHHKa Ceprefi 0TKa3a;ica caM. Co- 
TpyiiKHKH KFB BocnpenjiTCTBOBa.iK noe3aKe b Bhjibhkic 
T. BejiHKaHOBOfl, T. XojiopoBHH h M. Jlanju, iajep>KaB 
HX B MHJiHUHH ao OTxoiia noesaa A CaxapOBa. KOTOpo- 
My coBceM KejiaBHo Sujia npHcy)KjieHa HoGejieBCKaa 
npeMH5t MHpa. BJiacTH yaep»cHBaTb ne ctbjih, ho b aaji, rae 
npoxoan-i cyj, ece paHHO ne mCTH-iH. CyjHJin KoaaneBa 
<i3a aHTHCOBCTCKyio arHTauHio h nponaraHjy» no 70-il 
CTBTbe VK. Ceprea o6BHHa.nH b cocraBjieHHH H (loariHca- 
HHH MHornx npaBoiaiuHTHbix nnceu h 3a)iB.ieHiiri. b 
nepejaqe Ha npecc-KOH<t)epeHtiHH 30 OKTa6p«! 1974 r. 
«K.ieBeTHHiecKHX» CBeaeHHH iiarepax, b pacnpocTpa- 
HCHHH KHHrif "ApxHne.iar ryJlAPH h b paje jpyrHX 
iioaoSHbix «npei"peiijeHHB". Ho ueHTpa-ibUbrM nynKTOM 
ooBHHeHHa dbiJTO cocTaBJicHHe H nepejiaia 3a rpaHHuy 
B0305HOBjieHHOfl HXpOHHKH». H OTCIOiia r.iaBHbiR Bon- 
poc: coiiepwHTca jih b 3tom SiojiJieTeHe Kjieseta? B 28- 
34-M HOMCpax, peaaKTHpoBaBuiHxca CcprecM. Hscoaep- 
)KaBiijHxca e hhx npHinepHO 2800 <(3nH30iioB» cjiej- 
CTBeHHofi npoaepKe noaseprjiHCb 685: o^BHHeHHc yc- 



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Cepzeu Koeanee 

MOTpeno «K.ieBeTy)) b 83-x hi hhx; caM *e KoBa/ies 
TOJibKO B oflHHHajmaTH aoiiycKa;! BepoaxHocTb Henpea- 
HaMepeKHofi 0[|]h6kh. H co6Hpajic)i joKaiuBaTb 3to b 
cyae. Ho eMy hc iiann 3Toro cacjiarb, flonpouieHHHx 
cBHnerejiefl nocjie nepepuBa {HeCMOTpD na B03pa«eHK)i 
KoBajicBa) 4>aKTHHecKii HirHajiH H3 lajiacyjieGHOroiace- 
jiaHHfl. Bo3MyiuehHuE) laKHM HapyiiieHHeM npoueccy- 
ajibHoro KoneKca, Ceprett oTKata^iCR or yMacTMd b npo- 
uecce BTUTOTb JO Hx BoiBpaiueiiKM. noTpe6oBa;i yja.iHTb 
ceSs 113 3a.ia cyaa h o5bWBH,i rojionoBKy; oh OTKa3ajics 
jiame OT nocjienHcro cjioea. TaK npOTCKaji cyn, npHroBo- 
pHBiiiiifl KoBajicBa k 7 roaain CTporHX jiarepeft h k 3 
roaaM ccw-ikh. H tcm npCBpaTHBUiHti pejianropa nXpo- 
HHKHH B nocTOJiHHoro HcpcoHawa cBoero HjnaHHJi, aeH- 
cTByiomero jiHiia ero paaaejia <<B TioptMax h /larepaxji. 
Bo3o5HOBJicHHyio, «BTopyio "XpoHHKy"» (HapHay 

C HeKOTOpblMH H3 paHCC ynOMSHJTblX MHOfi 66 COCTaBH- 

Tejie(i)aejiaK>TTenepb[i KOBbie .iioj,h: lOpHlt UlHuaHO- 
BHI, K)pHH faCTee (nOj1HT33K CraJIIfHCKHX BpCMeK), 
A^ieKcaHjp /laHK3jib, MapK re.ibuiTeitH, HaTa.ibii 
KpaBHCHK'O, EopHC CMVuiKeBHi, A.ieKCBHap rpH6a- 
HOB, Hbbh KoBaneB (cbtHCepren), TaxbiiHa OcHnoBa. 
TeoprHft E^ipeMOB, E^hm 3niiiTettH h npyrne. 

CpejH <(xpoHHKepoBw nosB-iaercsi HeKOTopas cne- 
UHajimauiia. TaK, A. Jlaayr, noarorOBHBUiHtt (cobmbct- 
HO c EO. FacTesMM) 3l-(i BunycK «XpOHKKHi> (nocBd- 

llieHHblfl KpblMCKO-TaTapCKOMy JlBH)KeHlllO 3a B03Bpa- 

iiieKHe B Kpbiu). H B :ia.ibHefliiieu peryjinpno Be.i B 
5io.i,ieTeMe sty pySpHKy. Paaaeji o npecjieiioBaHKax i<3a 
peJiHrHioi) o6biMHO ae.ia H. KpaBHCHKO, bccth h3 [IpH- 

5a,lTHKH - r. E(})peMOB. 



PaccKa^ BKpaTue o tcx iixpOHHKepax». Koropux h 
3Kaji.0H. rop6aHeBCKofi h A, JlKoScoKe. nepBwx peaaK- 
TOpax «XpoHHKH». fl y>Ke naniicaji panbiue. 

Hjibfl II rajiH faOaft - nenarorn. 06a ohh SbiJiH 
npiiiacTHbi K «Xpo)iMKe» b nepHoa ee cTaHOB-ieHiDi. 3a 
npoiecTHbie BUCTyiLicHHii h nojiaep*'Ky spbiMCKO-ra- 
TapcKHx «aKTHBHCT0B» H,ibS B Mac 1969 r. 6bi.i apeCTO- 
BBH H ocvjfcacH K 3 roaaw .larcpcfl, O TparHHCCKoft 
cyitb^e K-ibH nocie ocBoSoxiieKHfl » yxce nKcaji auuje. 

Hpa flKiip II I0.1HR Khm noMora.111 b Bbixoae 
'inepaofl ■"XpoHHKH"'" H peaaKTHpoBaiH HCKOToptie ee 
HOMCpa. 06a ohh - moh aaBHHUiHHe apyjbs. lO. Kmw, 
OT.iyteHHbift 3a flnoanHcaFrrcTBOn ot nperoaaBaHHs b 
lUKo.ie, CO BpeMCHeM Hameji ce6)i kax no3T, 6apa « 
jpawaTypr. Hpa ta yHacTHC e npaBosamirrHOM aBH*e- 
HHH 6bi;ia HCKjiioieHa hi HcTopiiKO-apxMBHOro iihctk- 
Tvra. 06onx MHoroKpaiHo aonpauiHBa-iH no xnem ffe 
24)>, Hpa noMora.ia coSHparb MarepHajibi h iuis «bto- 
pofl». BoiooHOBJieKHoti <(XpoHHKH». B Mae 1999 r. Hpa 
>lKHp vMcp.ia OT paxa b Hspaiuie. 

Haaii EMejibKHHa nouorana b BunycKe SfOAne- 
TCHH A. JlKOOCOHy, B 1 975 r. bmcctc co cbokm MyjKCM 
B. KpaciiHUM 3M iirpHpoaajia b CILIA. 

Bepa JIauiKOBa b 1 968 r. 6bi.ia nojaibWHueft A. Fhh- 
36ypra h IO. fajiaHCKOBa. noc-ne ocBo6o)KaeHHH He pas 
nouorajia b Buxoae "XpoHHKiio. 

ra6pH3;ib (rapHK) Cynep(t»HH - wojioaoB hctophk. 
ynacTBOBaa b noaroTOBKe MaTepiia-ioB h b peaaKTHpoaa- 

HHM HCKOTOpWX HOMCpOB "XpOHHKH". HTO HflUIJIO OTpa- 

wcHHC h b npeatsB-ieHHOM einy Ha cyae oobhhchhh. Buji 
npHroBopen k 5 roaaM cxpororo .narepji h 2 - ccu.ikh. 

Ejickh CiMopryHOBS, i}tKfioJior, pa6oTa;ia MHorne 
roabi B HHCTHTyre pyccKoro tiibiKa. Bbrjia BbinycKaio- 
lUHM peaakTopOM psaa HOwepOB 6iOji;ieTeHa. 

AjieKcaHjip Jlasyr, MaTCMaTHX. 3nH3oaKHecKH npti- 
HHMaji yiacTHC b BunyCKax «XpoHHKM» erne e 1972-73 
roaax. C bcchu ! 974 r. h BruioTb ao CBoero apecra aeaan 
3TonocT03iHHO.no 190-1 cT.yK5u;iocywiieHK3 roaaM 
jiareps. 

TaTbHHS XoaopoBHM. (ttdnonor. hjtch HF. oaHa K3 
TpexvemseK, saMBHBiiiHx b Mae 1974 r., MTOOHMSyayr 

CnOCOgCTBOBBTb pacnpOCTpaHeHHtO B0306HOBaeHHOfl 

«XpoKHKH». HecKO/ibKO pa3 y Hee npOBojHJiH o6bicKH, 
BbiibiBajiHHaaonpocM. Bnonope ]977r. 3MKrpHpoBajia 

BO (DpaHUHK). 

lOpHfl UlHxaHOBHi. MaTCMaTHK. BbtJi apecToaaH b 
ccHTdSpe 1972 r. 06BHHeHHbifl. b laciHOCTH, b pasMHO- 

XeHHH H pacnpOCTpaHCHHH «XpOHHKH». LlJHXaHOBHH 

6ua rTpH3HaH HeBMenneMbiM h Haxoaiuicii Ha <aeHeHHH» 
6 ncMXHarpimecKofl 6ojibHKue (o6iiiero rnna) no mojib 
1974 r. BHOBb apecToaaKHbiJi b 1983 r. (3a yiacTKC B 
peaaKTHpoaaHHH ace Toro we SrojijiereHJi). oh na 3T0T 
pa3 6biJT npii3HaH BMeHxcMUM h ocyiKacH k .ihiuchiiio 
CBoSoabi. EbUi ocflo6o)KaeH h3 .lareps b 1987 r. 

lOpHfl facTes, MaxeMaTHK. .iHTepaxop. Yshhk era- 
.iHHCKHx aarepefl. npHHHMa.i ynacTHe b peaaKTHpoaa- 
HHH HCKOTOpblX HOMCpOB ((XpOHHKHH. no.iBeprajicH 
o6ucKaM H aonpocaM. BbiHywaeHHo 3MHrpHpOBa.i s 
1981 r. YMepBCLUAB 1993'r. 



-KAPTA' M3B40 2HM 



^ H3 HCIDPIIH KHAKQMblCAim 



1S3 



IV1a.it.Ba JIaHja, reojior. npaBosauiKTHiiua. oa.na h3 
pacnopa-iHTC/ien toHja noMoiuH no.iHT3aiuiiOHeHHbiM. 

Akthbho noMorajia «XpOHHKe». Ee jsayKiibi nptiroBapH- 

Ba.1H K CCbUKf. 

AjieKcaHiip RaHHTjyh. cuh nMcaTCJix IOhhb JJaHHj- 
,i!i H Jlapncbi Boropa3. AKTiiBHbifi npaB03amnTHHK.oanH 
M3 pciiaKTopoB «J<poiinKii». FloiiBeprancfl ofibicKaw h 
flonpocaiw. B HacTomuee epcMs - HCTOpHK npaBOiauiHT- 

HOrO JlBH*eHH!l. 

HaTa.ibH KpaBMiiHKo. <|)ii3HK. 

JleoHHii By.Ti.. (Jiiuojior, ii Eopnc CMymiceBHi, 

iiporpaMMUCT. 06a OHH Obi,iH BbinycKaioiiiiiMii pejaKTO- 
paMii MHoriix HOMepoB Boio6>iOBJieFiHoti nXpoHiiKMii. 

MapK rcibuiTcflH, MarcMaTHK, peaaKTiipoBa;] hc- 
KOTopwe BbinycKH Sio.i.neTeHa. 

JleoHHJ Rnexep, rporpaMMHCT, noMoran neiaTaTb 
«HyjieByio» saioiajiKy ofo-TJiereHS. 

EffKiM 311111 reHH. iiHiKCHep. Vuep b Mockbc b 1 993 
roay. 

EuTb MOWCT. «XpOHHKepbl» HaElflyT 3T0T CnHCOK 

HefloCTETOHHbiM. Hto «. w 6yay paa iionojiHHTb cro. 

«AHpeKTop» 

Ho nymofl "BTOpofi "XpoHHKH"» (ocoochho nocjie 
apeciaC. KoBa.ieBd)cTa.iaT»rb«iHaBe.iHKanoBa. Ma- 
TevaxMK. DKOKHtina MFV. B KOMaHae 6ro.TJieTeHH ona 
3aHiiMa.iacb. npewjie acero. opraHH3auHen padoru, ii 
«xpOHHKepbi» uiyrs HasbiBanii Tamo «aHpeicTopoM». fPe- 
doKmupoeoHueM MHe npuxodu.wcb3aHU.MombCfi mo.ibKo 
uspedKa. npu mjuKaiou HeodxoduMocmu. - BCnoMHKajia 
cawa TaTbRHa. - Bee d&iajocb e OaibUiOu Koucnupatfuu. 



Omex.Kmo3aHu.viinc>ipedaKmupoeaHue.y,<}pyeueHuie- 

po He SHonu. Te. Ktno cooupoj Mumepiiaibi. 6mu omde- 
leHbi am mex. kmo cocmaa.vn HOMepa. Mory sacBHiie- 

TCJIbCTBOBaTb: MHOrOJieTHHfi HHTaxejlb «XpOHHKM», Jl 

flOraflWBa-ncJi, kohcmho. o npHMacTHOCTH k ee cocxaBJic- 
HHio pana MOiix TOBapitiuen-aHccHfleHTOB. ho aocTOBep- 
H0 3Hai 3To;tniiibo HEMHorHx. Hpa JIkhp h AHarojiHfi 

flK06C0H CaMH KaK-TO [ipK3Ha.1HCb MKC B 3T0M. T. Bejlll- 

KaHOBa, C. KoBa/ieB ii T. XojiopoBH^ pacKpbiJix CBoe 
yMacTiie B 6K>.i.ieTeHe b 3a5tBjieHHti. cite.naHKOM hmh b 
Mae 1974 r. ; H to;ii>ko hi 38-ro BunycKa Gro^ijiereKH, 
Bbimeiiiiiero nocjie SMHrpaumi H. TopoaHeBCKofi, «, ;iaB- 
HO^HaKOMbifl c HeK). y3Haji. ^TO HueHHOOiiafibtJiaocHO- 
BarejicM <(XpoHHKH»... 

JliOiiMHJia A;ieKceeBa(oHa6bijianepeneHaTHiiK0M 
MHorn\ HOMcpoB 6io.nJieTeHn) ecnoMiiHa-ia: «Haut do- 
Maiumiu me.'ie4>OH: Koaetno. npoc.iyiuuea.ics. floimojuy 
c .vamepua.ia\iu "XpoHUKU " Tahu npuesoKaia ko mhc 
6ei leoHKO u - imodti uaeepHUKa sacmairib - nocie 12 
noiu. Matia omdaeata 6y.\tapu. Ceepxy .leairata lanu- 
coHKa: "3aedy 3a6pamb iepe3 2 dnjt". Eciun eudaia, 
ymo He cvory cnpaeumhcx cpadomou la 2 dnii. a lanep- 
Kusajia jmy iiu<ppy. nucaia&^ecmo nee -Ju.iu-4. HTah» 
veiMcaia. Wmo .voe.ia sanucamb ycmanoaieHHcm "nod- 
aiytuKa "? To.ibKO seonoK s deepbu. 

J^^. TaHJi 5eperjia caoHx corpyjiHHKOB h noMoiUHn- 
KOB. H HHKoraa - 6e3 Heo6xoiiHMOCTH - He Hasuaajia mx 
iiMeHajia}Ke tcm, KOMy nojiHoCTbio aosepHjia. TaK, TOJib- 
KO BO spesiH lEocjienHei) 6ecejibi c TaHeii b SojibHime. 




iHiw ktna org 



154 



^ N3 IGTOPNI HHAKDMblCilNII 



Heiaiiojiro no ee cmepTH. tbkhc jaBasTwc <<xpoHHKepu», 
KaK C. KoBajiCB h A JIaHH3.ii., c yjiHBJieHHeu y3Hann. ito 
H. FopSaHeBCKaji, 0Ka3UBaeTC)i, ynacTBOBajia h b bo3o6- 
HOBJieHHOfi, KBTOpCfi "XpOHHKe"». T. BejiHKaHosa npH- 
BO^KJia eH «cbjpbte» Marepttajiu. KOTopue Harauia pc- 
iiaKTiipOBana. Ho 06 itom Taiu He roBopiuia Tor;ia nzxe 
6;iH3KHM apyibnM. 

CjiynanHCb paiHue xasycbi. IIomhk). TaHS paccKa- 
3UBajia MHe: onH^-Mau eeMepoM, nojUKHiiafl TpaMeati. 
oHa 3B0HHjia KOMy-To H3 aBTOMaxa. rioroBOpHJia, h ryr 
KaK pa3 nojouieji ee HOMep. Tann BCKOHHJia b saroH. H 
TOJibKO Koraa jiBCpH saxpujiHCb h TpaMsaH tpohvjich. ee 
KaK o6o»(rjio: cyMK>-TO. cyMKy. b KOTopofi nojiHO bch- 
KHX onacHbix 6yMar, OHa 3a6bi;iaB Ka6>iHe asTOMBTa! KaK 
OHa 6ewajia aaiaa co cjiejiyioLiieJt ocraKOBKH! ^oSewajia 
H-cjiaaa Eory! -cyMKana wecre. B3TOTpa3o6ouLioCb. 

...Tae-To c cepeanHw cewHjiecaTbix mhc Bce lame 
(xnynajiocb 6biBaTb b TaHiiHofi KBapTHpe k3 yjiHue Kpa- 
cHKoea - TO Ha KaKnx-To JOMaujHKX npaajHHKax, to no 
BejioBWM. npaBoiaiiiHTHUM nOBOiiaM Eusana ona » y 
Mens, HepeiiKO mbi BHae;incb h y Koro-ro h3 o6uihx 
3HaKOMux. H HCM 6,iHwe n j^Haaan Tanio, tcm jiBCTBeH- 
Heft ouiyiua;! ee peaKoe iiymeeHoe oda^HHe. ee Hpae- 
CTBCHHyK) Bwcoiy H HHCTOT>'. B Hcfl ecTecTBCHHO coie- 
TajiHCb: caMooTBepatcHHocTb - h nojiHoe otcjtctbhc 

pHCOBKH: BHeUJHflH XpvnKOCTb - H CHjia ayxa: 0T3blB1H- 

Bas roTOBHocTL noMOwt. - b no.iHeftuiee 5ecKopLicTne; 
meapocTb caMOOtiiaHH - h iKHTetfCKasi HenpHTS3aTe;Tb- 
HOCTb; 0TBa>KHa;! npasAHBocib - h SjiaropoiiHaH c:iep- 
waHHOCTb. He ti oiiHH - eisa ah He aecb Ham Kpyr - b 
ayuie npHSHaaaji TaHio jrymuett cpenn Hac, nowajiyft, 
eiue jiHiiJb iiBa lejioBCKa oSjiaaajiH ons nac CTOJib kc 

BUCOKHM HpaBCTBeHHb[St aBTOpHTeTOM - C. B. KajUIHCT- 

parosa k A. H. Caxapos. 

OiiHa>K;ibi 3a pa3roBopoM h coBuecTHbiM pasSopoM 
aoKyMCHTOB, nocTynHBiDHx H3 Jiarepefl, n iiono3aHa 3a- 
cHiejicR «Ha KpacHKOBau. TaHn jajiaMHe c co6on uejibiH 

BOpOX KMejIKOmfCHO - JU1HHHUX yieHbKHX JIHCTOIKOB, 

HaojiKoR CTOpOHe KOTopux nojiHTjaKJiiOHeHHbie nHcann 
CBOH C0O6uieHHII, 3aMBjieHHH, npoiecTw. rioTOM TaKiie 
lanHcoiKH CKaTbiBajiHCb b Tpy6oMKH. sanaHBanHci. b 
naiHBTHjieH h npornaiuBajiHCb poacTBeHHHKaMK sax- 
juoHeHHux Ha;iH>]Hux CBHiiaHKRX KJiH ocBo6ow;iaK)mH- 
MHcn. TaKOB 6biJi ozihh H3cnoco6oB nepeaann HK<}>opMa- 
iwH Ha BOJiK>. MHe Hajo 6u;io iioMa pa3o6paTb h cmoto 

H3JIO)KMTb CDiiep»caHHe 3THX J1HCTO>IKOB. fl nOHHMa.1 - 
3T0 iUIR «XpOHHKM»). H TbHU nOHHMa,ia, HTO H nOHHMElO 

3T0. Ho npHMo 06 JTOM Hc cKa3a.ia. A cKa3a.ia ywe a 
jiBepnx: « A Boo6iue. nau mbho nopa nepefiTH na "ru")*. 
Mu He niuiH c nefl nHa 6pyaepiua(|)P). TOJibKO oSmchs- 

JIHCb nOUeJIVflMH, H BblCKOHHJI Ha HOHKyiO yjiHuy. 

BpeMfi 6bLio aanojiiioHb. Vcneio jih na nociCAhHii 
jpojiJieBSyc? ^oexaTb xoth Sw ro BapuiaBCKoro uiocce, 
a TaM MHe jio jioMa m neiuxoM KaKHx-HiiSyjib MiiHyr 15. 
CTo>imn(l Ka ToH cTopoHe njiouiaiiH TpojijieHfiyc Bbie3- 
iKaer h3 Kpyr, ocBeuiaei ca,ioH 11 noaxoanT k ociaHOBKe, 
a 0Ka3biBaK)Cb ^yxb jih He eiiHHCTBeHHbiM naccajKHpoNf . 
Cawycb Ha CHacHbe jihuom k saaneMV ctemiy. Bce-raKK 



ycneji. noBeiuio. He cpasy $1 oBpaTHJi sHUMawHe. sto 
KaKas-TO MBojirait Tponynacb acnea 3a Tpo;i;ieii6ycoM. 
Ho He craia ero o6roHiiTb. TpojiJieft6yc ocTaHaanHBaer- 
CD Ha ocTanoBKe - h ona cpa3y cjieaoM 3a hhm. H Ha 
cjieaytomcK ocraHOBKe. H na cjiejiymuiefl.., FloHHTHoe 
flejio - (ixaocT». KaK 6biTb. ecjiH weHJi laaepwaT? Pa3y- 
MecTca, fl He npHSHaiocb (xotb 3T0 h acHO), or Koro h eay 
M oTKyiia B MoeM nopT(|)e;ie HKpaMOJibHbie* 6yMarH. ho 
BCiibOHH nonaajTB^iariLi KrEiinponanyT... «Bojira»He 
oTCTasa/ia. H Bce raK we yjuKajracb Ha ocraHOBKax b 
XBOCT Tpo.uiefiGyca. H bot ywe moji ocranoBKa - «(I>pyic- 
TOBaJiy;iHua)>. TaKHMieroH He npH jvMaB. c nopr^ejieM 
BpvKefl coiueji HaTpo"ryap. aBojira* Ha 3tot pas o6orHa- 
jia Tpo.'uieii6yc h ocTaHOBHJiacb cpaay nepej hhm, Cefi- 
lac H3 Hee Bujie^yr MOjioaiHKH «b uiraTCKOMu 11 nojoft- 
avT Ko MHe... fl OTBCpHyjicji. Hy, rac *e Bbi. ij)HJiepbi- 
npoBcwaTbje? HoieMy MCiuiHTe. He nojixo^HTe? Koraa s 
cHosa orjiBHyjiCH. «Bojira» yeiwajia Bjojib yjiHuu. h Ha 
ociaHOBxe Cwno nycro... 

Mto ■*. SHaiHT, B 3TOT pas KOMaHsu sajtep^KHBaxb 
Mena He 6bj.io. loJibKo npoaieztHTb- kjm h eay. Ho aeab 

H JOMOft B .qiOOOfi MOMCHT MOr)T npH^TH C 06blCK0M. B 

D.it»KaftiiiHe jiHH BMecrec wenott ubj nepci jiynj npoiJiH 
BCK) (iMejTKonHCb» H cocTaBHJiH HSBJieMeHHe, crapasct 
npw 3T0M He ynycTHTb HHMero cyuiecTBeHHOro. CboH 

KOHCnCKT H JIHCT04KH SI CHOBa 0TBe3 K TSHe. V nOMJiHyfl 

BCK0Jib3b conpoaOfKjaBiueM ueHH Ha o6paTHOM nyrH 
"noterHOM 3CKopTe». MeHH nopaaoBajio. ito [totom m 
yBHjien 3th MaTepHa.iu b BuuieiiujeM Howepe etojuiere- 
Hx. B ero pySpHxe "B nopbMax h jiarepax», 

. .YbW, 3THM KpOXOTHUM ^OHIOJIOM H OrpaHHMH- 

Jiocb Hoe vHacTHe b "XpoHHKe». Xots a 6biJi totob h 
Jia;i!>iiie b Mepy citn noMoraTi. ee cocTaBHrejinM. 

HoBan BOHHa 

A apcMD uiJio H uuio Bce toh xce npMBbiiHOtl nepe- 

l975roa. npoaojiwacTCHCJieacTBHe noaejiy C. Ko- 
Bajieaa. Jl. fljiioiiia BCe tbk we ynopHO luieiarw b JXnen- 
poncTpOBCKofi CriB. ApecTosan A. TBepaoxjie&B. iJien 
KoMHTcra npaB lejioeexa. B wae Bepnyjics b MocKBy 
noonejiarepa k cctuikH A. AMa.nbpiiK, MOjioaoB HCTopuK 
HiiHCCHaeHT(iepe3rojieMynpHjieTC)i3inHrpHpoBaTi.). B 
aBrycre noatiHcaH 3aK.iioiHTejibHuH anr CoBemaHHM no 
5e3onacH0CTH h coTpyaHH4ecTBy a EBpone («Xe;ibCHH- 
KCKoe corjiauieHHe»): b hcm ecTb h ryMaHHTapnaji 'iTpe- 
Tbfl Kop3HHa» - nojiowcHHti, KacaiouiHecH npBB HejioBe- 
Ka. HO noHTH Bce npaBoiaiuHTHHKH v^eiKiieHbi. hto naiuH 
BjiaCTH H He noiiyMaioT co6.nioiiaTb sanncaHHue s hcH 
o6s3aTejibCTBa... H Bepno. Bce ocracTca kbk npewje: b 
ceHTJi5peHa8jieT<(CTporaia»ocy)f<aeH«no4BeHHHK»B. 
OcHnoB, Hsaarejib caMH3jiaTCKO[o wypHana «BeHe». B 
OKTsSpe aKa;ieMHKy A. CaxapoBy npHcywnena Ho6e- 
jieBCKaiinpeu>i)iMHpa-HBCflcOBeTCKa)inpeccaK.ieilMHT 
yHCHoro KaK oriueneHua h npejaTean. Cya b BHJibHioce 
B neKa6pe npHroBapKBaer C. Koeafieaa r 7 roiiaM 
«cTpora'ia» h 3 roiiaM ccujikh. 3MHrpHpyeT bo OpaH- 
UHK) H. ropGaHeBCKas. 



-KAPTA- I* 38-40 20« 



4 113 mm IHAKOMblCJimi 



llili 




Hamanbfi rop6aneacKBf>. 
KpSKOe. 0KrJti6pb 1999 e. 

1 976 roji. 9 MapTa ot HHcyjibxa yMHpaer P. nojtii- 
nonbCKiiR. y^eKufl-reo4iH3HK. npasoaauiiiTHMK, tJieH HF. 
OneccKHii cya rpKSHaer HCBMeHJieMbiM h HanpaBjmeT a 
ncHXMaTpHiecKyio oojibHHuy (oSmero Twna) BsiecjiaBa 
HrpyHOBB, B SyjyuiCM - jenjTaTa rocyMpCTBCHHOil 
flyyu. B anpejie cya b Omckc b oHepejHofi pai npHrosa- 
pHBaei K 2 c nojioBHHoft roaaM Jiarepji M. JtweMK/ieBa; 
JO caMoro cyja. a TetehHe oohth 10 Mecjiues, Mycia^a 
Jiep»fa;i rojiojiOBKy, H Bce 3T0 BpCMJiero nuTa^H "HCKyc- 
CTBCHHUM KOpMjieHHCM". 24 anpcjiR yMHpacT OT HHftap- 
KTa E. JlaBnaoBH4, no.iKOBHiiK B oTCTaBKe, HarpawaaB- 
luMiicji SochbiMH opaexaMh h MCiiaji^iMii. B 18 jier oh 
ao6pOBo.-ibHo yiueji Ha i}>poht k nsTb pa3 6bui paHeH. 3a 
KaMepeHiie 3MHrpHpoBaTt. h 3a noaaepwKy cobctckhx 
CBpeeB. cTpeMsiuiHxoi yexaxb b HipaiLib. a TaK*e la 
BUCTyiuteHHe Ha aHTH^iaiUHCTCKOM MHTHHre a Mhhckc 

OH 5blJl JIMLUeH SBaHHH nOJIKOBHHKB H BCGX Harpaa, COOT- 

BercTByioiuefi nencHH h MejiHUHHCKorooocjiymtiBaHMfl. 
AaHapaHJiberoiaKHHeoTiTyCTwjiH.-.CjTOBOM.BcenaeT 
laesweHHoH jio TOUiHOTbi coBeTCKoO KCuieeS. 

Ho BOT coooiucHHe H3 40-ro BbinycKa i<XpoHHKH»: 
12 Maa 1976 r. b Mockbc o6pa30BaHa K06mecTBeHHa)i 
rpynna cojieftcTaHB BbinojiHCHHio Xc;ibc(iHKCK(fx corjia- 
iuchhW b CCCPm. PyKOBOiiKTejieM MockobckoA rpyn- 
nw «Xeii.CHHKH» (MrX) craji npoijieccop lOpHfi Op- 



;!08, ee HJienaMH - erne 1 HiaecTHbix npaBoiauiHTHHKOB. 
Fpjnna saxBima o «aMepeHHii soBOitHTb ao caejeHMa 
ofiQieCTBCHHOCTH H npaBHTCjlbCTB, noanHcaBiuHx xejib- 
cHHKCKHfi 3aKJT)oiHTejibHbif) atcT OT I aBPNCTa 1975 r.. 
HH<t)opMauHK3 o6o Bccx cjiynajix HapymeHHa naiojKeHHti 
3Toro cor.TauieHHa. Bcero 3 ann cnycTn, 15 Man, KfB 
o6iHBHno KD. OpjioBy HnpeaocrepeweHHeH, a TACC b 
TOT we aetib a sasBiTeHHH Ha «3arpaHHuy)i Ha3Bajio era 
«npoBOKaTopoM». 

Fpyrna cpaay we Hanana 3HeprHtHo aeflctBOBaTb. 
riepBbiH aok-yMCHT, BwryuieHHwfi MFX 18 Man. 6usi 
nocBJimeH cyay naa M. /liKeMMJieBbiM, Myciacfia 5biji 
ocy^jSH 3a ycTHue BbiCKaiuBaHHii a .narepe (KBa.iii(jiH- 
UHpOBaHHue cyjoM kbk «K,TeBeTHKHecK»e h aHTHCoaeT- 
CKHe»), T. e. 3a BbipaxeKHe co6cTBeHHbix B3rji5ijioB h 
yGeiKaeHHfi. flpiiMCM h ito oobhhchhc hc 6bi;io aoKaaa- 
HO, T. K. ejUHCTBeHHblti HenOCpejCTBCHHtlfi cBHaeTejtb, 
cojiarepHHK ^jKCMiLieBa B. flsopsiiCKHtt, Ha cyae OTKa- 
3a.ic$i or aaHHbix na cieacTBitH rT0Ka3aHHfl. sasBHB. hto 
OHH 5wjTH nojryienij nyrew mawTajKa ii yrpoi. Ppynna 
sajiBKJia. 1T0 6e33aKOHHoe ocy*aeHHe M. flwevuuieBa 
rpyoo Hapyujaer nojio^eHMH noanHcaHHbix CCCP xejib- 
CHHKCKHX cor;iaiueHHfi. 

flo KOHua 1976 roaa MFX coCTaaiuia 15 jok^'mch- 
TOB (He CHHTaji aonojiHirre-TbHux 2anB.K»na h o6pame- 
HHfi). B MX HHCjie iioKyMCHTu: o6 ycjioBHSx coaep«aHHH 
yjHHKOB cobccth: o penpeccHsx npoTiiH pe.iHrwoiHbrx 
cewefi; o no/ioiKeHHH 6biBuiHx nojiHnaKJitoHeHHwx: o 
3JioynoTpe6.TeH»Hx ncitxKaTpHei); o6 o6pa30B3H)iH Vk- 
paHHCKOH rpynnbi «Xe.ibCHHKH» h apyrHC. 

B.iacTH SBHO CTpcMmiiicb nocKopeii noKOHMHTb c 
noiio6HOfi oSmecTBCHHofi «caMoaejiTejibH0CTbK)». Vwe 
B KOHue iieKa6pi9 npoiiuiK itpo»:ziecTBeHCKiie» oSuckh y 
MjiCHOB VKpaHHCKon XF, conpOBO>K;iaBiuHecti noa6pa- 
cwBaHHeM KOMnpOMara - 3anpemeHH0fl b coseTcxHe 
BpevieHa y nacTHbix .thu Ba.i!OTb[ (40aojiJiapoB), nop- 
KorpatftH^ecKHK OTKpwTOK h iia«e CTapofl HeMeuKoft 
bhhtobkh... 

B 1977 roay bjibcth npHCTynaurr k jiHKBKaauHH 
HcnpHJiTHbix iuifl HHX opraHHiauHfi. Chanajia, B HHaape, 
- cepHH ofiwCKOB H flonpocoB HjieHOB MFX. 3 (t>eBpa.i»i 
6hiJi apecToaaH ijich rpynnu A. FHH36ypr. 1 (jtcBpajiH - 
pyKOBojHTCJib MFX \0. Op;iOB, 1 5 wapTa - Mjien rpynribi 
A. LLlapaHCKHii. Ho euie ao atHx apecToa cocTaa 
rpynnbi nonojiHHJica: b JiHBapea nee Bciynn/iH K>. Mhk>x 
H H. MefiMaH. a ansoKaT C, Ka.iJ!ncTpaTOBa CTajia ee 
KOHcyjibTaHTOM no npaeosbiM BonpocaM; BCKope ona 
ywe nojiHonpaBHbifi f.iCH MFX. 22(tieBpa;iH BbiHy>KaeH- 
HO yeawacT b CLUA ijieH rpynnu Jl. AjieKceesa: b aa.Tb- 
HefimcM B TCHeHHe mhophx JieT OKa Gum npe acTaaHTe- 
.TCM MFX 3a py6e)KOM. 5 (t)eBpa.Tti apeCTosaHbi n.neHbi 

VKpaMHCKOfl XF: n03T, HKBa.lHJI OTe4eCTBeHH0fl BOflHbl 

M. PyjieHKO H yHHTCJib A. ThxhB. Ho coctsb YKpaHHC- 
Kofl XF TainKC nonojiHHJicji. 

Bo3HHKaioTHOBbieXe;ibCHHKCKHe rpynnbi; bhohS- 
pe 1976 roaa -bJIhtbc. b nHBape 1977-ro-B rpy3HH, b 
aiTpcjic - B ApMCHHH. C noaB/ieHHCM nDjo6Hbix rpynn 
TaK*e 1! B CTpaHax 3anaiia bo3hiikjio MescayHapojiHoe 
XejibCHHKCKoeaBHwetiHe. 



A%vw kina O'Q 



15B 



^ N3 NUflPHN HHAKOMblCJlim 



«XpoHKKa» nocTotiHHo paccKUbiBaeT o jioKyMeK- 
Tax 3THX rpynn H, pa3> Meeren, 06 o6pyiiiMBiiinxc(i Ha HHx 
penpeccHax, B anbHefiiueM He 5buio hh oaHoro Bunyc- 
KaStojinereHH, ^aeHe6M;lo6ucoo6uleHnfioileaTe^t.HO- 
cTH MTX mill jipyrHX xeJibcHHKCKMX rpynn. JleroM 
1 978 r. cocTOfljiHCb npDueccw Ha,i pajiOM mx M^ienoB. Ho 
06 3THX cyaax » paccKa«y b ojiHofl H3 cieiiyiomHx oaB. 
A noKa MHe nopa onHTb BepHVTbCs k Hauieft «XpoHHKe». 

blHTepMeAHR. l06HJieii noA o6cTpenoM 

BTopaH no.iOBHHa 70-x. r.nyxaji nopa oecnpocBexHO- 
ro «3acT0>i". noxo«e. oh npoaepwiiTCfi H Twcaiy jict. 
Hto CMy KaKHC-TO onno3n«noHepbi? Koro He jiojiaBBT 
inecb - BbinaBJiT la rpaHHuy. B jiHBape 1977 r., otCub 

CpOK «0T IBOHKa JO 3B0HKa», OCBOOOfllLTlCfl HI BjiaaH- 

MHpCKOfl TiopbMbi K. JTK)6apcKHW. 3aKJiiOHeHMe hccmh- 
pHjio ero: BCKope oh BucTynHJi Ha npecc-KOHtJiepeHUHH 
nepea HHocTpaHHUMH yKvpHanHciaMH, CTaJi ojihhm in 
pacnopjiaHTe.ieti CtoKia noMouiH nojTjrrjaiciiOMeHHUM. 
Ho y*e B OKTflSpe noji yrpoaoii HOBoro cpoica ewy npH- 
lUjiocb noKiiH>Tb CCCP. B Mapxe Toro we rozia SbiJi 
ocBo5o»'jeH jibBoacKHfi Bpai M. llIrepH. BCKope oh 
3MnrpiipoBaji B tlipatLib. Ha VhpaiiHe HOBwe apecxw 
'uieHOB Xr - M. MapHHOBHHa h H. MaiyceBHia, b 
fpyiHH - HJiCHOB xr 3. TaMcaxypaiia H M. KocraBU. 
H:rHaHbi h3 Coroaa HHcaTCieR B. KopHniioB h J\. Kone- 
jieB. 

B 1977 r. BjracTH peiuiLiH «octacT.iHBHTb» cobctc- 
KHX nioiiefi HOBofi KoHCTHTyuHcH. B moHe 6biJi onyfijiH- 
KOBaK - "iiiis BcenapoiiHOro o6cy»<jeHHJi» - noaroTOB- 
jieHHufi KoHCTHTy uHOHHOfi KOMHccHCfl npoeKT. Ha npo- 
THJKeHHH Tpex MCCBiieB BCH cOBCTCKasi npecca 6biJia 3a- 
nojiHena «OTKjiHKaMH ipyaBiunxcsB, - hjih nojiHocrbio 
oflo6pflBiiiHMM ero, kjih npexiaraBuiHMM KOCMeTHiec- 
Kiie nonpasKH. 3aT0 nHCbMa. nocwjiaBuiHecji b re ikc 
caMwe raseTbi, ho coaepwaiuHe cepbe3Hyio KpHTHh7, He 
TO.ibKo HH paay hc 5bi;iH ony6jiHK08ai}bi, ho jauce He 
ynoMKHajiHCb. H tojii.ko nXpOHHKa)) b 46-m h 47-m 
BunycKax paccKa3a.ia npo rojioca rex, «kto hc comaceH. 

KpHTHKyei, CnopHT». B 3THX - HHJHBlUyaJTbHblX H KOJl- 

jiek-THBHux - nHCbMax oTMeqajiacb JieioiapaTHBHOCTb 
nojiowcHHfi npocKTa, ymeM-iHBiuero euie 6o;ibiiie (aawe 
B cpaBHCHMH c jefiCTBOBaBuiefl KoHCTHTyiiHefl) npaBa 
HCJioBeKa. MHorne asTopu KareropH'iecKH B03pa*a,TH 
npoTHB CT 6 npoeKxa, KOHCTHiyuHOHHo saKpeaiHBuietl 
pyKOBOflamyio h rjiaBencTByiomyK) pojib KIICC. B psae 
nHceM KpHTHKoaajiacb aCcypaHas CHCTCMa «bn6opob 
6e3 Bbi6opa» (6oiocb. 4x0 He Bce ceroaHHiuHHe MOJioflue 
3HaioT: B coBCTCKoe BpcMR B H36HpaTe;ibH0M SfoanereHe 
Bceraa ctosjio hmh TOjibKo oaHoro KaHUHaaTa. H3 koto- 
poro Haw If npcinaraiocb eae.iart. cboB ((Bbi5op)))- Kpw- 
THKe noaBCpr.iHCb h cTatbH, CTaBHBUiHe B HCpaBHonpaB- 
Hoe nojio)KeHHe h ymeMJTHiouiHe npaBa aepyioiuHx, 
npea;iara.iocb KOHCTHiyiuiOHHO npHSHaxb npaeo na la- 
SacTOBKy, Ha cBofiooy Bu5opa MecTa jfcirreabCTBa. Ha 
3MMrpauHK). oTMCHHTb npenBapHTCJibHyio ueH3ypy. pe- 
0praHH3OBaTbcyae6HyTOCHCTeMyn0THnycyaaiipHC5i«- 
Hwx. cosiiaTb B Hatuefi cTpane KoHCTMryuHOHHwd cya. 
npeii.io)KeHHHJiHCcaaeHTCKHXKpHTHKOBToraanpona.iH 



BiyHe: BHeoiepenHan ceccHJi BepxoBHoro Coaeia Bce 
paBHo yTBepaiuia KoHCTHTyuHio hmchho b toB penaK- 

IIHH, KOTOpasyCTpaHBaJia TOTajlHTapHblfl KOMMyHHCTH- 
HeCKHfl peWHM. HoOCTaHOBHTbXOilHCTOpHH HC noflCKny 
oaiKeSojTbiiieBHKaM. 3arHaHHbie b noano-ibe mwc/ih oKa- 
3ajiiiCb BCCTpe6oBaHHbiMH xaKoe-HHfiyab aecHTHJiCTHe 
cnyCTfl. H pei|)opMb[ KoHua 80-x - Haia-ia 90-x roaoB bo 
MHoroM lUJiH B pycae viaeR, Koroa-TO BbicKasbisasuDixcn 
npaBOsauiHTHHKaMH. 

3aK0KHHJI0Cb KOHCTHiyUHOHHOe lUOV. H Bce OnMTb 

sepHy.iocb Ha Kpyrn cboji. BnpofCM, noicMy - Bepny- 
jiocb? H BO BpcMs oScyjKJieHHH npocKTa. H nocae 
npHHUTHJi "5pe>KHeBCKOfi» KoHCTHTyuHH penpeecHu 
npoTHB HHaKOMbica«iiiHx xe npexpauianHCb kh na ;ieHb 
TaK, 1 Hioaji 1977 r, 3aK0HHKacs cya waa lacHawn 
VKpaHHCKoR xr nHcarejicM M. PyacHKO h yMHTeaew 
A.Thxhm. PoACTBeHHHKHCMoraHy3HaTboaaTe«OTKpbi- 
TorOH cyaa awuib Ha TperHft aenb nocae ero Haiajia. Cya 
pacuenmi khk waHTHcoBeTCKyto nponaranayj' coCciBeH- 
Hbie CTaTbK, poMan h no3Mb) PyacHKo, cxaTbH Thxopo 
(HanpHMep. «MbicaH o poanoM B3biKe») h npoinft nafi- 
aeHHbifiyHHxcaMH3aaT. 3a^TH«tlpecTy^aeHHa»PyaeH- 
Ko oua npHroBOpeH k 7 roaaM MCTporaHa» h 5 - ccwaKH, 
ThxhD - K lOroaaM oco6oro pewHMa h S-ccw.ikm. 

fla He coireT KTo-HH6yflb H3 mohx HirraTeaefl. ito 
apecTOBaHHbix H ocyHcaeHHbix b 1977-78 roaax aiiccH- 
acHTOB 6Mao Bcero HecKO.ibK0 hcjiobck. ripocio s yno- 
MHHy.i amub Majiyio lacrb h3 Tex, Koro 5peiKHeBCKaji 
«3acToKHaji» Baactb MCxmeabHO npecaeaoaaaa h cajKa- 
aa no MOTHBaw HjieoaorHseCKOfl HecoBMecTHMociH. Hx 
6wjio ropasao fiojTbtue - npaBO3aiuHTHHK0B, KpbiMCKHx 

Taiap, KHaUHOHajlOBH. «peaHrH03HHK0B». OIKaSKHKOB. 

npHveM npo6aeMa iwHrpauHM Kacaaacb HCToatKO CBpe- 
CB. Bwce.ieHHUM b KaaaxcraH ithmhcckhm Hevmavi ro- 
aaMM OTKaibiBaaH b npaae wa sMwrpauHio b (tPF, aajKC 
Koraa y hhx HMeaHCb tbm poacTBCHHHKH, Koraa >Ke b 
3HaK nporecTa ohh orcwaaaH b miuthuhk) cboh nacnop- 
73, HX cyanaH «3a HapyiueHMC nacnopTHMX npaBHa)> 
(raK. HaiBaHHWM b 46-m BwnycKe H. FleTepcy k H. Tefi- 
pepy aanH no rony aarepefi). Moxho mhowhtb h mho- 
>KHTb noao6Hbie npHMepu. 

Hasoey xoth 6bi *. Cepe5poBa (4aeHa <tPa6oHe(l 
KOMHccHH" npH MTX, paccaeaoBaBLuefl iioynOTpeSae- 
HHJi ncHXHaTpHefi). ocywaennoro no BsaopnoMy nOBoay 
K roay aniuenHfl CBoSoabi: B Po*aecTBOBa, KOToporo 
Ka.Ty)«eii;nRo6aacTHoBcynHanpaBitii a noiiSpe 1977 r. b 
cneunCHxSoabHHuy, nocKo.ibKy oh «BucKa3b[Baa 6peao- 
Ebie Haen peifiopMaTopcTBa h 6opb6bi c cyoiecTByioiuHM 
o6mecTBeHHo-noaHTHHCCKHMCTpoeM», aiatoKc cjiyuiai 
BHTHCOBeTCKHe ncpcaaiH sanaanwx paaHOCTaHUHft: dh- 
careflji f. CHerHpcBa, apecroeaHHoro b Khcbc: vaeHa 
JIhtobckoH xr B. riBTKyca. apeeroBaHHoro e aBrycxe 
1977 r.; 4acHa MfX n. FpHropeHKO, BwexaBuiero no 
rocTCBoW BHie b CLUA h .iHUienHoro coBCTCKoro rpaw- 
aaHCTsa; BHOviOHHeaHcra M. PocTponoBHna h neaHuy P. 
BHUiHeBCKyto. nepea KoropwMH raicwe 6bi.ia saxjionny- 
Ta aaepb aan hx B03BpaiueHHH na poaHHy; lacHa rpy3MH- 
CKofl Xr r. roabfluiTefiHa. ocywaeHHoro b T6h.7hch la 



■KAPTA- *38-4« 20W 



4 113 NCTOPNH HHAKDMblCilN!! 



ni 



«T>HeHjicTBo» K I foay jiarepeH; M. MapwHOBHia h H. 
MaiyceBHiia. mjicpob VKpaiiHCKoft XT. - xa^aoMv h3 
ttHXcyj KaiHaiHJi no 7 jtct crpororo Jiareps h 5 .ler 
ccujikk: n. BtiHca. ijieHa VKpaHHCKOfi XF, ocysttiieHHo- 
roHarQa.n)iiiieHHHCBo6oiib[3a><T;He)ij]CTBo»,6i.iBiiiero 
TiojiHT3aK.iK)HenHoroB. FaayCKyca-BHOBhocyKfleHHoro 
K 10 roaaiM oco5oro pewiiMa h 5 rojiaM ccu/ikm... 

B KaXtJlOM HOMepe «XpOH11KH» - HH<})opMauii)3 o6 
o6tiCKax, flonpocax. apecTax. cy jax ... Ho H3peaKa nona- 
asiOTCx II xopoLiiiie cooSmeHHH: raK, 22 jCKaGpH 1 977 r. 
no OKOKiaHiiH ovepeaHoro cpoxa ocBo6o)K:ieH M. J^/kc- 
MitiieB. B KpwM, iipaeaa, ero ece pasHo we nycKaioi. a b 
TaiUKefrre nocTasHJiH noj.ajiMHH»cTpaTHBHwfl Hanjop, 
H 3a HiTM BnflOTHyto xoasT areHTbi MH.^lf uhh. 

. ..Moe noBeCTBOBaHHc Meway tcm npH6.TH3HJ]0CbK 
3HaMeHaTe.ibH0Mypy6c>Ky: JOanpe.-ui /97ff,'. ucno.jMu- 
Jiocb lO.iem «XpoHUKe». fjieSw.iM TOfi BeCHOilTe. kto 
CTOSJiH Korna-To y ee KOJibi6e;iH? <tHHbix >tk hct, a le - 
Jiajiene ..» H. ropgaHeacKaH -bo ippaKUHH. /[aBno no- 
rH6 H. ra6afi. Eme ikw% - b Hspanne - A, AkoGcoh. B 
3aK.iiOKeHHH - C. KoBancB. V. Cynep4)HH, A. rnH36ypr, 
HO CHflftT B Jiarepax h npyrne «xpoHiiKepbi». He cTo^ib 
M3BCCTHbie. A cKo-ibKHM /larcpHbic HcnbiraHMJi eme 
npencTOHT? VexajiH Jl. Anek-eeeaa. H. BcioroponcKad, 
T. XoiiopoBHi n. JIhtbhhob h B. Ma;iHA3e c 1974 r 
neHBTafOT ^\ nepemjiaKiT B Hbio-t)opKe cocraBJifleMbie b 
MocKBeBunycKH6>o;iJieTeHn. B49'MBbirT>'CKe«XpOHii- 
Ka» coo6iUHJia o HecKOJibKHx npHBeTCTBHHx. nojiy^cH- 

KblX eiO B CBH3H CO CBOHM lO^H/ieeM. Ot MoCKOBCKOfl 

rpynnwi<Xe;ibCHHKH».OTpeflaKUHHcaMinjiaTCKoroajnb- 
MaHaxanriaMHTbrt. Oyfiioji.ieTeHHiiXpoHHKa JTifTOBCKoft 
KBTOJiHiecKOfi uepKBH)', H npocTO- 01 HCKOTopux npa- 

B03aiUHTHHKOB. 

25-jieTHe «XpoHHKH)> nprnanocbyTKC Ha nocrcoBer- 
CKHe BpeMCHB. 3tot K6K.^eR mo%ho Sujio oTMenaTb h 
npa3iiH0BaTb orKpuTo. Ha nero npHexajia b MocKBy 
HaranbR rop63HeBCKa]i. Ho caMa oXpOHiiKaw yme npii- 
Hajuiewirr HCTopMH. 

CyAe6Hbie pacnpaebi 

BecHa 1 978 roua. 1 5 Maa, cnycTs roj h 3 Mecaiia 
nocneapecTa. 6 MocKBe Haiajica cya nan ocHOBarejieM 
MocKOBCKoflrpynnbidXejibCHHKHM npo(j)eccopoM 10,0. 

OpjlOBblM. fl 6btJ] 3HaK0M C FOpHCM OejOpOBHICM, 29 

asrycTa 1977 roaa noeroaejiy MCHiiiionpocHjicjicaoBa- 
Tejib KFE B. Kanaea. B naiajie nonpoca, Korjia Kanaea 
cooSuiKJi MHe ciaTbio VK, no KOTopoft oSbhhjuich K). 
OpjioB (Ha TOT MOMcifT - 190-1, no33Hee ona SbiJia 
nepeKBajiM(|>HUHpOBaH3 Ha 70-k)). h 3a)iBH;i. hto Bce h3- 
BecTHue MHe ae;ia no 3Tofl cxaTbe oSopaHHaajiHCb bitth- 

KOHCTHTyUHOHHUMH npeC.TCJIOBaHHSMH JllOijefl 3a HX 

y6e>KaeHM»i. Hto no3TOMy h cHHraio cbohm jiojiroM hh- 
HCM He noMoraTt. rpOTHBonpasHOMy cjieacraHm. Kanaes 
noccTOBan, hto nanpacHo ninbiit He aoBepaew pa6oTHH- 
KBM roc6e3onacHOCTH. BnpoHeM, cboh B3r;Tjiflbj h mhb- 
HHH fl HHvyrb He CKpi.iBanHCO3HaTe.TbH0 sbicKajuBaji hx 
B 6ecejie bhc npoTOKona. PasroBop He oGouieji wXpoHH- 
Ky». KanaeB 3aMCTHJi. hto MHome iiHCCHaenTCKHe jiok) - 




fOpuQ Op/HM 



MCHTbi nacTO ny6jiHKyioTC« b jtom BKUuiereHe. M cnpo- 
CKTi, KaK R oTHouiycb K 3T0My? «BbiJi 6bi paa. eOTH 6bl 
HauiM BKCbMa nenaTajiHCb b cobctckhx ra3eTax. Hs n>6- 
jiHKver "XpONHKa"? Hto w. cnacH6o "XpoHnKe"!!, - 
OTBCTHJi a. ripoTOKOJi TpcxHacoBoro aorpoca 5bi,n hcbc- 
jTHK. KaK o6b[HHo. a noaTBCpaiui anaKOMCTBo c Opjio- 
BbiM M CBOK) noflHHCb nofl paaoM npaB03amHTHb)x aoKy- 
MCHTOB. HooTKasancaoTBeiaTbHaBceBonpocw, Kacapo- 
uiHeca apyrwx Hh k lewy Bce 3to. oBauie Reno 6e3Ha- 
jie«H0», - Ha npoiuaHbe cKa3a,i mhc KanaeB. 

...HuKoco U3 npuuieduiux dpyjei u jHaKOMnix K). 
Op.ioea la most Huc\e u Memi) He moJitKO He donycmuju 
e son cyde6H0€0 sacedaHus. ho u ne nponycmiiiu enympb 
idOHia. Mu.iuveucKuu Kopdon ocmaHa&.^Jlea^ npuiued- 
luux y naiucadHUKQ neped ef>acadoM cyda. floueMy-mo 
He npuexaia T. BejUKanoea: scKope cmaio useecntHO. 
wmo y nee udem oobiCK. B duccudenmcKoi cpede cyu4e- 
cmsoaa.io o6tiiKHoeeHue npueiMcamtr vna odbicK/t - djix, 
man CKOsamb, MopaibHou noddepaicKU. H x petuun no- 
examb k Tane. Ho npedeapume^bno lepeMst eedb mpe- 
eoxHoe!) x noieoxwi U3 aemoMama doMoii. Menaycno- 
Kowio, 'injompy6KycHSLia0.vt..Mondoib. Cnpaiuusaem. 
- Koedan npuedy? Omeewaio: "EdyK Tane. ynee ooticKi/. 
O.m, Heeo3\iymuMbL\> itiohom: "V hoc moM^e». 

ripuxodumcn eosepau^amboi doMou. Moeu O.iesedb 
eme ue ucnojiHitiocb eoceMnaditamu. ona KOKpas pomo- 
6u.iacb K JK3a.veHa\t e ceoeM MedyutLiuuie. Kap.vtaHHyio 
KHiutcKy c me.ie(poHaMU u adpecaMUJi omdai odHavty ui 
iHaxoMbix u naMiojicn k cede. JloMa n nonpocu,! rpoui- 
eodusweeo odncK iopucma06pa3a omnycirumb doHb na 
dKioMen, me.M6ojee, imo 06 oobiCKe y Menu see pasHO 



wwwUilBDrg 



15S 



^ US NCTOPNM NHAKDMblCAIH 



ece 3HaK)m. t(A Sw 'imo xe. oxcudajiu o6bicKa'.'i'. - 
cnpociu MSHH OCpaj.eKoHesHo. Voice uem deannbu, - 
cpaiy omaemuj ft. 

...05 o6cTOSTejibCTBax "OTKpWToro)* c>Jia Haa 
lO. OpjioBUM cra/io H3BecTHo OT era cbiHOBetl h wchw, 
xoTfl HM lanpemajTH bccth jamicH h oSMCKiiBaiH lo h 
noc;iecyae6Horo3aceflaHHfi.HoTeroaiiBOKaTaE. lila.ab- 
MaHa. BMeH*uiiicbOpjioB>, Hapsjy cflOKVMeHTaMH rpyn- 

nbl «XejlbCHHKH» (OS yCJlOBHSX COaepJKaHMR ySHHKUB 

coeecTH, o penpeccHSX no penHrH03HMM MOTHBaM, O 
3JioynoTpe5jieHHjix nCHXHaipHCft. o npase Ha jMurpa- 
UHio II jp.). ero co6cTBeHHbie ciarbH h sananeHMH. a 
TaiOKC xpaHeHHc khmfh «Apxnnc.nar rVJlAF)'. Cyzi or- 
luiOHHn Bce xoaajaficTBa noacyaHMoro h ero 3auiHTHKKa 
(o Bbi30Be aonojiHKTeabHbix CBHjieTeiiefi, o npHoBmeHHH 
K iiejTy pjija joKyMCHTOB h HayiHbix craTeR Opjiosa). 
Cyata B. J!y6eHU0Ba HeoaHOKpaTHo npepbieana bwc- 
rynneHHc noflcyaiiMoro, ripHroBop - waKCHMyn no ct. 
70-7 Jiei crporHX Jiarepefl ii 5 nei ccbi;iKH. 

He ciaMue Op.ioea ho ciedcmeuu u cyde. KFB 
nocmapojicn co3damt> eMy neebiHOCUMbte yaioewi a 
lacepe. HenpepbiBHbie ajhtcKOHiiu, WM30. flKT. ho- 
mpaejiueaiiue yeo.io€HUKO«. ft dojxe e ccu-iKe ho ceeepe 
fiKvmttu, Kyda K?puu 0edopoauu 6bu omnpaenen no 
om6bimuu cpoKO jaKMcmenuii. KFE He ocma&VLi e^o 
ceouM xioaemiLM sHiiMaHucu. '^eKucmti paiisHCHiiiu iia- 
ce.ieiiUK> noce-iKa. imo Opioe - avepuKancKuu mhuoh. 
nomoM u36u.iu e?o, Hampaeue ceoux nodpyuutix. 

B KOHife ceHmxdpa 1 986 e. Optoea 6e3 oGhsicHeHuu 
npuseuu ho cavo.ieme e MocKey u noMecmiciuaJIe(pop- 
moecKyfo mtopbMy. Cnoea noimcnvcb donpataueamh. H 
edpye o&bHewtu. nmo oh lumen coeemcKoeo epojicdaH- 
cmea u eticbi.iaemcji e CLUA .. 

Cnycmn Kaiaa-Hudydb mpu eoda nopajumeitHbie 
nep&ueHbi no podune no3eaiu.iu /Opuio 0edopo«u>ty 
CHoea nocemumh Poccuio: eeo npuesdtt u ecmpeiu c 
comoeapuu4avu-npa803aufumNUKavu c mex nop cmajiu 
pe^y.vlpHbLMU. A e 1989 z. npu esoyiacmuu duuia soq- 
cmoHOAieHa MFX, 3adae.ieHnaH KFE CBMb .tern moAty 
nasad. 

Cya Haa hjichom MFX A-icKcaaapOM rHmSyprOM 
(Ajtkkom, KaK3BanHeroapy3i.fl)npoxofliuiBKa;iyre 10- 
13 HKiJin 1978 r.. oaHOBpeMeHHo co cjiyuiastuHMCJi b 
MocKBe aeaoM A. lllapaHCKoro, CKopefl acero cosnaae- 
HHc He 6bino ciyMaftHbiM; anacTH ranHM o6pa30M He aa/ih 
B03Mo>KH0CTHTeM, KTocoMyBCTBOBajinoflCyaHMbiM.CTO- 
HTb nooHepeaHO noa okhbmh CHaijana oaHoro. a noroM 
apyrorocyaa. KaK Bceraa, b 3a;i <ioTKpbiToro» cyae6Horo 
3aceaaHH)i aonycTtuiH tojii>ko Maxb h iKCHy AjiHKa. A Bce 
cneuHaabHO npnexaaiUHe a Ka^iyry ero apysbd (b hx 
HHcae H s) TOJinwjiHCb BOKpyr 3aaHH]i cyaa C Ajihkom « 
nD3HaK0MHJiCH B Tapycc. rae oh xHa, ocBoGoaHBiUHCb 
nocjie BTOpofi «otchjikh», h b aajitHefluieM he pas o6- 
luaacflc HHM.Snaafl HerowcHy ApHHv, noMHioCaniOH 
Aaeiiiy,erocwHOBe(i-flouiKQnjrT.AjiHKHaxoaHacsBe.iea- 
CTBeHHoH TiopbMe yjKe roa h 5 mcchucb. Eio oSsHHajTH b 
xpaHCHKH K pacrtpocTpaHeHHH naHTHCOBeTCKofii) Jiwre- 
parypu (KHHr CoaweHHuuHa. CaxapOBi, BunyCKOB 



<iXpOHHKH» V\ ap.); B COCTaBJlCHKH (HapHoy c npyrHMH 
HiTCHaMH MrX) aoh-yMCHTOB rpynnw: b (OHTHCOBexCKOil 
aeHTCibHOCTnii B KaneCTBe pacnopjiaHTeas <t>ottaa noMO- 
uiH noaHTjatuiioHeHHUH. AaHK saHBun, hto hhkphmiikk- 
pycNiaji eMy .iiiTeparypa aKTHCoaeTCKoH He sBaxeTCJi; 
HTO aoKyweHTW MFX hocht npaBaiiBbift. a we iGieBeTHM- 
MecKHfl xapaicrep: ito b CBoefi aejiTCibHocTH b KaneciBe 
pacnopJiaHTe.iH<I>oHflaoH noaoTMeTeHTO.ibKoerovHpe- 
aiiiejiSM, HO He cyay kjih KfB. Otkjiohjix xoaaTaflcTsa 
noacyaHMoro h chhmbs ero Bonpocu k CBHaejeaaM, 
cyabH BcunecKH npensTCTBOBa:! rHH36ypry h ero aaao- 
KaTv E. Pe3HHK0BOfi aoKaibiaaTb HecocTOJue.ibHOCTb 
o68HHeHH)i. B nocjieancM ciobc. Bbipa3HB cboio co.ih- 
japHOCTb c A. UlapaKCKHM, AawK aasBH-i, hto bcc 17 
MecflueB c.ieacTBHfl ewy yrposaaw npeatSBaeHHew 64-ft 
CTaTbH VK («H3MeHapoaHHe») h BwciueB wepofl HaKa3a- 
HHH, CyanpM3Ha,-i rHH36ypra i(oco6o onaCHWM peuHan- 
BHCTOMrt H npHroBopiuT CfO K 8 ToaaM aarepeii oco6oro 
pe*HMa, rioc.ie Kaccaumi. noaTBepaHBtiiefi cypoBuli 
npHroBop, AjiHKObuiOTnpaB.icHBJiarepbBMopaoBHw. 
...BKOHueanpeTg}979e.A.ruH36ypBueme'<emee- 
po coeemcKux naiumiaKiioieHHbix Otiju ooMenehbt wa 
ocyxdeHHbiX e CLUA coeemcKux lunuonoe. Apuna c 
dembjuu u Momb A.iuKa abiexaiu eaied 3a hum. HaiO' 
lacb Hoeax ycu3Hb - cnataia a CliJA. 3ameM so 0pah- 
ifuu. FlomoM Obua muDKe-tax onepaifux najeeKo.u. 

Mne Obt.to cyoKdeuo cnoea yeudemtcx c Ajiukom 
wm. HoeepHoe, <4epe3 15. flocie 1991 p. oh He pas 
npue30Kai s MocKey0603peeame.1e.14 napuotccKou "Pyc- 
CKOU Mbiciu/i. Kosda-mo oh sano.Miu.'icji mhb osopubiM, 
.TC^KiiM HQ o6u4eNue u ocmpbiM HO fUbiK coBecedHUKOM, 
Heombtuoeo pocma. c ebiouieuai ptijiceii uieeeJiiopou. 
Tenepb n oohsu .^e^oHbKo^o cmapwiKa (a 6bi.io e^ty moe- 
da .luiub H&'UHoeo 3a 50) c 6e.ibiM nyiuKo.v na eo.ioee, c 
pedeHbKou 6ejioii 6opodKou. H Kosda ft nomftHy.tcft na- 
no.iHumb HouiupiOMKU. onnonpocin. Hmo6bi ft HCLim e.uy 
npocmo eodbi. H Kypumt oh mootce 6pocu.r Ho kok 
mo.ibKO .MK ioeoeopwtu, x ysHcn npejicne^o Aiuko - oh 
OKuea uHmepecoeaiat poccuucKUMu HoeocmnMU, upo- 
HU3upoea.i Had co6ou u Had ceoei napuxccKoiiJKiOHbio. 
...Ha aHKemubi u eonpoc KO-iyDKCKoeo cyObu o ceoeu 
HaifiioHaibiiocmu A.iuk omeemuji: 33k. Ho smo ueeepno. 
HdaoKe coeceM naodopom. H60 v e CoeemcKOM Coiose. 
u g CUIA. u 80 (ppoHfiuu. ho eo.ie, e .laeepe u e miopb.ve 
- OH ece^^a u eesde ocmaoa,icM ceoGodnbLv ie.io«eKo.\i. 
AjteKcandp FuH36ypeyMep u noxoponeH eo 0paH- 
tfuu 8 2002 eody. 

Cya Haa AHaroaneM UjapancKHM - coaeTCKHfl sa- 
pHaHTaeaa,^pefi(}>yca. CTpeMacbonopoHHTbeBpettcKMx 
SopuoB 3a 3MHrpauHio, KFB b aonoaHCHHe k TpaaHUHOH- 
aoMy no OTHoiiieHHio k npaB03auiKTHUKaM o6BHHeHHK) b 
HaHTHCOBercKoHarinauMHHcocTpsna-imapaHCKOMyHe- 
.lenoe o6BHHeHMe b <[[iinHOHa)Kei<. 

Kaxyio we crpauiHyio «rocyaapcTBeHHyio TafiHy». 
KOMy H KaK Bbiaaa lHapaHCKHB? Tanofl <(TatiHofi» Sua 
o&bHRnen cnucoK eapeucKux omKoaiiuKoa, H6oTaM6biJiH 
yKasaHbi MecTa hx «ceKpeTHoft>i pa6oTbi. B ero cocTaajie- 

HHH npHHHMaJlH yHaCTHC aKTHBHCTbl flBHWCHHS 3a pe- 



■IWPTA- W 38^ 2004 



^ MS HCTOPHN XKAKOMblCJIlM 



m 



narpHauHH) b HipaHJib. "Jtm cnncoK nepeaaBancH cb- 
peftcKHM ofiiiiHHaM Ha 3ana,'ie. no.T,iep5KHRaHniHM en- 

peiiCKyiO 3MHrpaUHK). ErOOTKpUTOilHKTOBajlH BO BpeMH 

MesjyHapoiiHbix pajroBopoa no Te;ie(tKiH>. VnacTHe 
IHapaHCKoro b npecjioayroM cnucKe cccjomio b tom, hto 
B iMCJie iipyrnx h oh npoHHTUBaji cnticoK bo BpeMn 
Te,ie(tK)HHbixpa3roBopoBcAHr;inefi.KpoMeToro."[iinn- 
oH» LLlapaHCKitil j'MacTBosan b OTKpbiro npoiiojHBUJHx 
BCTpeiax 0TKa3Hi(KOB c npHe3>«aBiiJHMii b Mockbv aMe- 

pKKaHCKHMH CBHaTOpaMH H KOHrpeCCMBHaMH II. ope- 

tcpacHO B;ia;ien aHr.iHflcKHM, 6biJi Ha 9tkx Bcrpeiax ne- 
peaoaHHKOM. 

PaayweeTCfl. lilapaHCKOMy BueHKriH b BHHy h aoKy- 
MCHTbiMrX. pacueHeHHbiecyjoMKaK<iKJieBeTHHHecKHe 

H aHTKCOBeTCKne». Ero OTxpuTwe BCTpe4M c aMeptiKaH- 
cKHMii KoppecnoKneHTaMH 6ujtH o6i>iiBjieKb] HKOHcnii- 

paTMBHblM^». uAlfTHCOBeTCKMMM» 6UJIH HpHBtiaHbl 06- 

paiueHMfl K ceHSTopaM m KOHrpeccy ClIIA (noiinHcaH- 
Hue iiapfliiy c khm MHoriiMii eapeficKHMH aKTHBiicraMii) 
- no noBOjQ' nonpasKH ^«eKCOKa-B3HiiKa. CB!i3aBiije[) 
ToproBbie -ibroTU co CBoGoaoii 3MHrpauHH: kcijickthb- 
Hbie HHCbMa OTKa3HHK0B: o6')opbi nojiojKeHiiH c eBpei'ic- 
Koii JMnrpaiiKsii. ((KjieBeTHHHCCKHMHw ciejcTBHC pac- 
ueHiuio iiawe ...no3apaBHTe;ibHbieTejierpaMMbi bcbhih 
c 200-neTneM CLUA h JXk. Kapiepy - a cbh3H c 
H36paHiieu Ha nocr npeiHjieHTa. 

KsaniitfiKKauiin ooBHHeHKR no CTSTbe 64 YK naBajta 

B03MO«HOCTbGienCTBHK)IUaHTa*Hp0BaTbmapaHCKOr0 

yrpo3oflcMepTHoftKa3HH. A BeabBJIeijjopTOBCKoRc.ieii- 
CTBCHHofi TJOpbMe cro npojiepwajiH ro cyaa noHin 16 
MecsueB. HocjioMKTberoKrETaKHHeyaanocb. Hacyje 
OH He npvi3Han cedn bkhobhum h haiBa/i oSBHHeHiie 
a6cypiiHUM. 

CyanpnroBOpKJi lUapancKoroK 13 ronaMjiHiueHHd 
CBo6ojibi: K 3 roMw TiopbMM h !0 roaaM .larepeii crpo- 
roro pevKHVta. 

...Jlu'iHO CO lUupOHCKUM H IHQKOM He ObLl. .lUUIb 

odnajtcdbi sude.i eeo y Koeo-mo U3 ooufux dpyseu. Ho 
MHoeocibiiuajiOHe.1t. ytacmHiiKdeiiMceiiia japenampu- 
auum espeen. omKosHUK c !97i p.. >t.ien MFX c MoveHma 
ee ocNosanwi. Hecsiompn Ha luupoKyio .veoKdynapod- 
nyio Ka\inaHUio e e^o jautumy. Anamaiuio npuiujocb 
npoSbimb e rmopuvax u .la^epftx doicux 9 .lem. H mo.ibKO 
e fjieepoje I986^. on dtAJi.iumeH coaemcKoso epaoicdaH- 
cmsa u ebiciah uj CCCP. B Hipau.ie lUapaHCKuii uiou- 
pojcH denymamo.li KHecvema, nosdneeeome.! e KaCuHem 
nuHucmpoe. B 1 991 e. 8 MocKse eumja KHuea eeo eocno- 
MUHOHUU "Heydoiocb ito*. lUapancKuu HeodnoKpamHO 
npueijicai a CCCP. e Mae 2001 e. « 6cmpeia.i eco na 
lodineuHou KOHifiepeH^uu Mocko«ckou spynnbi nXe-ib- 

CUHKUU. 

Ho 11 paccKasaji eiue He o6o Bcex rpoMKHX hojihtk- 
HecKHA npoueccax 1978 roja. B MaesTCH-iHCH cvjhjih 
rpj3HHCKH?i npaBoaaiiiHTHHKOB 3BHaiia TaMcaxypaHa h 
MepaSa KocTaBa. 06 3T0m cyae « paccKanry no3iiHee, b 
DiaBe HaiitiOHanbHbix .iBH^eHHux. 

B moiie B BicibHioce cyaiuiM MJiena JlHToacKo^ 
rpynnu <iXejibCHHKii» BHKTopaca nuTicyca. ^sawiibi oh 
y*eoT6b[Ba.iHaKaiaHne3a<iaHTHCOBeTCKyioaniTauHK)K 



nponaranjiyH. Ha 3tot pas »ieKHCTU penjitnH b KanecTBC 
HjiecepTai) aooaBHTb k -jToft y«e npHBtmHoii craTbe o6- 
BHHeHxe B My*e:io«ecTBe h cnaHBaHKH necoBepujeH- 
HOJicTHHX. Cya, pasyweeTCH. npHina.! nsTicjca bhhob- 
HbiM noBCCM 3TMW CTaTbHM. FlpMroBop- 10;ieTOCo6oro 
peiKHMa (nepaue 3 roaa - b -nopbMc) h 5 jier ccujikk. 

H/iena YKpaHHCKOH rpynnw «XejibCHHKn» JIcbko 
JlyKbRHeHKOcyjiH.! B Hiojie B ropoae ropoana 4epHHroB- 
CKHi'i oSiiacTHOii cya. V KpaHKCKiie 'leKHCTM He TOJibKo ne 
nycTitiH apy3efl noacyiiHMoro b noMetucHHe cyaa; ohh 
flawe He nponycKajiii noioOHMX «He>Ke;iaTejibHux» jihu 
B caMv TopoaHH), a rex, KOTopue Bce-raKti cyuejiH Tyaa 
npopBaTbca. laaepiKHBE-iH h otbo3hjih b ^epHH^oB h b 
KHCB-JlyKbUHeHKO, iopHCTnoo6pa30BaHHK), yweoiCbi;! 
npewiie 15 JieTsamnoieHHsnonojiHTHKecKOMyoOBHHe- 
HHEO, B3T0Tpa3eMy6bUIHHHKpHMMHtipOBaHbl aOKyMCH- 
Tbl yKpaHHCKOfl Xr H CFO COBCTBeHHblC 3aaBJ]eHM]l H 
CTaibH (b laCTHOCTH «0CTaH0BHTb KpHB0CyaHe!» - B 

jauiHTy xyiio*HHKa n. PyfiaHa h 3ByHaBiuaJi no sapySew- 
HUM pajiHorOjiocaM CTartu «roj cBo6oai.ii>). .lyKbHHCH- 
Ko 6bi.i npH3HaH cyaou oco6o onacHUM peimaHBHCTOM 
>i npHrOBopeH k 10 roaaM oco6oro pewHwa h k 5 rojiaM 

CCblJIKH. 

AneKcanapa floapaSHHeKa. apecroBaHHoro 14 Man. 
cyatuiH B noiiwocKOBHOM r. 3.ieKTpocTaj]b 15 aBrycra. 
C^ejibiiiijep no o6pa30BaHiiK>. oh b nHBape 1977 r. craji 
oaHiiM 113 yHpeaHTciefi Pa6o'(efl Koumcchii (PK), co- 
3aaHK0fi tipH MocKOBCKoii rpvnne «XejibCHKKK». 'ia»v\- 
MaBUieitcfl paccjieaoBBHHeM laoynoTpeG/ieHnH ncHXH- 
aTpHcfl, no craTbe 190-1 VK CMy Biuennjiacb KaK "icie- 
BeTHHiecKao » nopoMamas coaeTCKyio BjiacTb» KHiira 
wKaparcjibHafl MeaHUHHa». HanwcaHHas km h HSaaHHas 
3arp3HHueR. CviiBHaiajieiije.inpiiBU^HbiMaJiHnoaHTii- 
HecKHx npoueccoB nopjiaKOM. To ecib Ha HOTKpbiTbifln 
cyn aonycTHaH rojibKo oiua noacyaHMoro. a npwexaB- 
uiHe B SjieKTpocTajTb ero ap>3bR ctosjih CHapyjKH noa 
aowaeM. noapa6iiHeK 3a}isHJi HecKcibKo xoaarancTB: o 
npMo6iueKHH k aejiy aKTOB 3KcnepTHi 6wBiiitix hojiht- 
3aKJiKmeHHbix ncHxHaxpHvecKHx 6oabKHu; o busobc 
aonoaHH'reabHbixeBiueTeaeft:o6o6ecne'ieHiiMr.iacHO- 
CTH cjaa H HecKo;ibKO apyrHx, Koraa ece ohh SbiJiH 
oTK-ioHCHbr cyabeft P, HasapoBUM. noapaSHHex jiaa ot- 
B03 BccMy cocTasy cyaa, saaBHa, hto hc Syaer ynacTBo- 
Barb 8 eyaeSHOM cneicraiaie k noTpe5oBaji yaajiMTb ce5fl 
H3 3aiia, BHaia-ie cyatn nonpo6oBa,T urHopHpoBaxb 3to 
TpefiOBaHHe. Toraa noapa5HHeK ctsjI acMOHCTpaTHBHo 
xypHTb, aaTCM CTan rpoMKO HacBucTbiaaTb apnio Topea- 
aopa H3 oiicpbi wKapMCHB ... noapaGiiHCKa aepHvaH b lan 
cyaaTOJibKO xaiTeHHe npHroeopa. HaiHa>iMBiueroeMy 5 
aer ccbiaKH. 

BuioHe 1980,-. naxod}iU4uucjt e ccbUKe e HKymcKaM 
nocciKe ycntb-Hepa A. HodpaduHeK 6bi.T CHoea apecmo- 
aan. flocmambe 190-1 y'KoHHajmompa3 6bunpu,-oeo- 
peii no coeoKynnocmu k 3aK.iiofeHUK> e .la^epe na 3 eoda 
6 .vecnifee u 13 dHeu. A eaneape 1981 r. 6bu noemopno 
ocyjMcdeH no mou xce cmamhe k iaKi/oveHuio e .la^epb 
cmpo€o.'o peyctLva cmapuiuii 6pam Aiencandpa - Kv- 
pua. Korda-mo « cepedune ''O-i h <iiimai x caiiuidame 



•nHkvU ixg 



Ill 



^ 113 NGTOPNII KHAKDMbiCAKSI 



oiepK Kupiina trHecvacirtubiea. omicbieaiou^uiiyaioewf 
ciyoicBbi e ap.nuu: ui onepKa n moeda enepane \-iHa.t o 
cyufecmeoaaHuu maKoeo cmpaiuHoeo saieiux, kqk de- 
doemuHa. i' Kupu.na lOKOHtwicn cpoK. HajnaHeHHbiii 
e-vy nepSbLM cydav. ho oh maK u He ebituej ho ceoOody. 
B-veninucb eMy e eiiiiy ycmMne ebiCKaibieoHun s ja^epe . . . 

Mo>KHO Huajibiue nepeHHCjinTb nojiiirviHecKHe npo- 
ueccbi Toro roaa. Ho Hano rje-HH6yjib ocraHOBHTbcJi. 
DycTbHHTaTejibnoBepHTMHeHacjTOBo: hx 6mjio ropasjio 
6ojibiije. Oco6eHHo a npoBUHuim. 0TK>'iia [iHttJopMauHH 
nopot) npiixojHJia c ono3:iaHHeM h coo6[ua.ia o HetiiBe- 
CTHblX RQ TOfl nopbl jllOIlHX. HO (lXpOHHKa)> crpeMHJiacb 
paccKa33Tb H o Hiix. 

Ua. xopouto nopaSomaiu e 1978 eody namu aiae- 
Htte ueKUcmbi! Bnpo^eM, ohu HUKoeda he ina.iuycma.iu. 
KoKOM docada. tmu modbi ux .vHoeaiemHux mpydoe 
6bi.7u CHancLia c.uasaHhi ocsooooicdeHueM no.iumiJKoe a 
1987 eody, a nomov u sooGufe oxaUHbi peaouiumaitueu 
na.iumuMecKUX e I99}-.\1 ! fJponaiu mpydbt ce-uvdecumii 
c .luutMiLM .lem! H diutce .stoHy.veum coidamcim BHK u 
udaiy ecex noKO.ieuuu keKUcmoe 6h.t no3opHo nuseep^- 
uym u uc^es c J]y6siHCKOU tnoiifadu. Ho na^a^^o nu? 

noaieduue co^btmua u HacmpoeMua s cmpaHe.x40- 
sym BHywamb ortmuMiii-M pademoASM "tieepdou pyKuu 
u lejtcoebix pyKoeuifH. Bo s.iacmb ecnauudym ebiKop.ubi- 
utu c.iaeHO€o eedo.vcmea. fi? mo^ooice cuvoeoyHpeycde- 
HUM ebiuie.i Ham HbineiuHuu npesudenrn. 

Onxmh HOtaiuch iruinuoHCKueu npoueccti uadyve- 
HU.MU u 3Ko.ia'aMy. Komopbiu ^od npodo.iycaemcn te- 
leHCKOx eoiiHa EcmbeueuiHe-efiympeHHUuepas-'ieHeH- 
ifbi. II c IIU.MU - meppopucmcLvu - He .MOMcem otimb 
HUKOKUX nepeeoeopoe. Bommo.ibKOKydauxdenopmupo- 
eamt> na jmom paj? 

Poccunne eu^e .vo^ym ceoOodHO !O60pumb. Fiae- 
mw noKO eufe abixodum 6e3 iieniypbi. Ho we nopa Jtu 
sacodJi nody.Mantb o eoccoidanuu iXpoHUKuii? 

KpbiMCKHe Tarapbi 

Hopa nosHakOMiirt MHTaTCiJi e pajoM xHniniHwx 
nepcoHajKeCt <<XpoHitKM», PaccKa)Ky m^ Hanana o jibh- 

KCHIIH KpMMCKHX TaTap. 

BcKope nccjie oceoGowzieHHS KpUMa ot HeMCiutofl 

ok'KynauHK. B HOfbHa ISMan 1944 r.. see npo'jKiiBaBiu>ie 
Taw KpbiucKKe Tarapbi (b ochobhoh - cTapuKii. xceHuxH- 

Hbl H aeiH, nOCKO.IbKV BlpOCJIue MVJKSHHbl B 60JlblUHH- 

CTBe cpa»a.incb Ha (jipOHTe c (})aiiiHCTaMii) 5bi;m noa 
iiyjiaMH asTOMaTOB BbirKanbi ni cbohx aomob. a laTCM b 
HaGHTbix iLO OTKaja BaroHax 3^^ cKora BbiBeseHU b pe- 
3epBauHH B pecny6jiHKH CpejiHen Aihh, r.iaBHw.M o5pa- 

30M B VlGeKHCTaH. 

Or acaacflbi. 3hob ii cMpaaa b iiopore rH6;iH crapue 
H cjia6bie (MepiBCLioB copacbiBanH H3 rennjujeK Ha ko- 

pOTKMX CTOHHKaX, HC iiaBaH MX nOXOpOHHTb). CMCpTb 

HacTnraJiajiK)jefl w HacneunoccieHHH, 3a nepBue no^i- 
Topa roiia nocne aenoprauHH nomCjio okojio 46% (no- 

HTH nOJlOBHHa!) BCeX KpblMCKHXTaTap. 

CnycTH 1 1 jieT 6u.i OTMeHeii peiKHM cneiinocejie- 
HHa. A B ceHTnSpe 1967 r. YKasoM npeiHaiiyMa BepxoB- 




Myca MaM/m 



Horo Coaera c KpbiMCKtix TaTap 6i>lio choto ory.ibHoe 
o6B)<h4eHi<e B «K3MeHe». Ho sanoiiiajiafl pea 6hji lira uhji 
He tJuBJECKJia BUJBpaTd MHorucrpaaanbHuio Hapoiia Ha 
cHOfO pOflHH>. HanpOTMB, sjibcth h b y35eKHCTaHe. h a 
KpwMv (c SiiarocioBCHHa Mockbu!) BCHMecKH npennT- 
CTBOBa.TH ero B03BpaLueHHK). HHoraa npejcTaBHrejieil 
KpuMCKo-TarapcKOro Kapoaa (rpHBoawBuiiix c co6ofl 
ncTHUHH c aecHTKawH TbicdH noai.HceR) npHHiiwa-iH b 
MocKBeBwcoKHenapTiifiHueHCOBeTCKHeHHHbi ii jaBa- 
J1M HH K HCMV He o6Ji3biBaK)mMe 3aBepeHHS. HHorna 
TaKHx ckojiokob" npocTo oT.iaa.nHBajTn h Bbicbi/iajiH «no 
MecTy npo)KHBaHHfl». A b ViecKHCTaHe KpbtMCKHx Ta- 
Tap, co6paBmHXCs Ha njiomaaH, HTo6bi noc.iymaTb otmct 
BepH>BmHXC>i H3 MocKBbi CBOHX npcflCTasHTe/ieH. pa3- 
roHfl.iH aySHKKaMH h.th BOiiofi h3 SpaHflCnofrrOB. uibu- 

p(i;tHB«BOpOHKH»,apeCTOBblBanH.HHt|)OpMaUHSHaOKy- 

MCHTbr o npoH3B0Jie BJiacieH paccwarpHBa-iHCb cyaaMH 
KSK mieseTHMqecKHe h aHTHCOBercKHe. H eyji cjTejiOBa.i 
la cyaoM. pacnpasa 3a pacnpasof). 

KpbiMCKiie raTapbi, caMocTOfrrejibHo BCpHyBtuHecfi 
HapoanKy, nonaiiaj]HB3aKOi]iiOBaHHbiHKpyr. BcTcnHott 
Ma-ionacejieHHofl 'lacrH nojiyocrpoBa cymecTBosajia 
xpoHHHecKaJt HexBBTKa pa6oiHX pvK, H laecb oxotho 
npHHHMa,iH nepeccneHueB h3 Pocchh m yKpaHiibi. Ho 

TOJlbKOHC KpblMCKHXTaTap. B 5 1 -W BbinyCKC "XpOHHKH» 

npHBeaena cTpaiuHaii hctophji 46-.ieTHero Mycbi MaMy- 
Ta. B 1975 r. OH KynitiflOMBceflefloHCKoe, b Kpbiuy. h 
fTOce.iHjica TaM c *eHOfl h tpcmb jcTbMM. Ho hx tbm hc 

npoHMcajiH. a 6e3 nporiHCicH Hwrjie He 5pajiH Ha paSoxy. 
3aTeM (133 HapyiueHHC nacnopTHux npaBH^Di Mycy npHro- 



■KAPTA- NB 38-40 20M 



^ 113 HCTQPim HHAKOMblCAHH 



1B1 



BopH.iH K jByM rojaM .larepH. rioc.ie Bbixoja Ha ceoSojy 
MawvT BepHjviCJi B KpWM K ceMte. ho ero bhobi. ue 
nponHca.111, yrpo*a.iM BbtcejieHHeM h hobwm cpoKOM. 
Myca npeaynpejiiui, mto khbum oh do-ibiue hc aacics. 
23 HKiHH 1978 r. npnexaji ynacTKOBbiC^, itoSw otbcjth 
Mycy K cjienoBaTejiHJ. H Toriia M. MaviyT o6j7h.icji Sch- 
3HH0M H noawerce6(i. Cnycrs 5 aHeft oh jMep b 6ojibHH- 
ue... 

HccMOTpfl Ha 'iKHiiMue B;iacT!iMH npenHTCTBiifl. Ha 
noxopoHbi MawyTB co6pa.iocb okojio tucahh hciobck. 
Co6paBii]Hec)) noiuDiJiHCb cuejiaTb Bce. itoSu xepTBa 
Mycu He ociajiacb hanpacHoC). Cpejii npHHeccHHUx 
TpawcnapaHTOB 5mj! h raKOtt: iiMyce ot BOiMvuieHHwx 
pyccKHx co6paTbeB. CnH, cnpasejjiHBoab aocTopiKe- 
CTByeT». 

npaBoaaiuHTHKKH no;uiep»:HBajiH cnpaseiuHByTO 
5opb6y KpbiMCKHX TaTap. Bojibiuoe ynacTHe b hx cyiib6e 
npifKHMaji n. PpHropeHKO. pa3%ajiCBaHHbi(f retiepa^- 
MaHop. Oh BbiJi apecTOBan b TaiuKCHTe, Kyaa BbiJieie.! c 
HaMepeHMCM aticTynHTb o6[iiecTBeHHWM lamHTHHKOM 
Ha cyae no aejiy 10 KpbfMCKHx raiap. fpaHcaaHCKoe 
MyjKCCTBO o6ou]Jiocb TpHropeHKO S-jicthhm lamiioMe- 
HHCM, 6o;ibuiyio lacTb KOToporo ewy npHULnocb npoae- 
CTH B HepHRxoBCKoC) cneuncH\6ojibHHue. Hjibn faSaCi. 
neaaror h no3T, xoiKe Bucryraji b laiUHxy penpeccHpo- 
BaxHoro Hapooa. H TO»ce nonjiarmioi la 3to. CHatajia 3 
roaaMH jiarepti. A aarew - nonyropa ronaMH nbiToiHofi 
«3a6oTbi» icKHCTOB, CTapaBUJKXoi yBeuieBaHxnMK ii yr- 
po3aMH CKHOHHTb efo K noKasKHK). He Bii3n sbixoaa m 
3Toro aiia. HjibH tiokokhh.! c co6ofl... 

KpuMCKO-TarapCKan rena 6ujia lanajtena yxe b 
nepBOM BbinycKe nXpoHHKH)' - a nticbMe iiseHaAuaTH 

COBCTCKHX rpaJKaaH KOHCyjIbTaTHBHOMV COBeUiaKHK) 

kouMyHHCTmeCKio: napTHft b ByaaneiiiTe. B jia.ibHeti- 
mcM pejiKHfi HOMcp oio.iJieTeHJi ofixoiiHJicH 5«3 cooSme- 
hhH Ha 3Ty TCMy, aero 3 1 -if BbinycK. npHypoienHbill k 
30-JieTHK>iienopTaiiHH. ueJiHKOM nocBxiuCH abhwchhio 
KpuMCKiix Taiap. BoT Heno-iHan BufiopKa na 3t>' TCMy 
Bcero H3 cflHoro, 47-ro BhinycKa (3a 1977 r.): 

-H3cejiaCaaoBoeBbice;ieHaceMi.(iHypHMycTaij)a- 
eaa c JiertWH ipex h nojijTopa jtct: 

- B cejie MojioHHOM bmccjiKjIh 3cpy MycxaiJtaeBy c 
aecjmuieTHeO iioHKoit; 

-BCCJicPyHHOMnownnbixccCTcpHypmoHKepHMc 
KypTceHTOBbiii c 6paT0M, [iHBajiiuiovi OreHecTBCHHoH 
BofiHbi PycTCMOM Xa;iiuioBb[M. B3.iOMaB jaepH, sbirHajiH 
H3 KynneHHoro aoMa: 

- apaifa-neaHarpa fftepy MycmuHHOBy. nponwcaH- 
HVK) B c. Hh-^hhB OpeiiiHHK, HE oepvT HB pa6oTy no 
cneuKajibHOCTH (xotb patioH Hyxaaejcn a neanarpax): 

- B C0BX03C "CojiHevHwfbi y A. THxoHOBCKoro. 
jKCHaToro Ha KpuMCKOfi TarapKe, otkjiioihjth leae^a. 

Ero JKCHC YpMyC TBK 0&bXCHK.lll npHMHHV OTKJIIOteHHR: 

«Bbi paaroBapHBaere no Tejiei})OHy no-TarapcKii. a uu He 
noHHMaeM». 

...BbltllJIO TSK, ITO KpblMCKO-TaTapCKOD TeMOll B 

«XpoHHKe» oCbiHHO laHHMajicn A. JlaayT, k HCMy npHci- 
jua-iH KxojoKH" H3 KpbiMa h VaeeKHCTaHa, k wemy cTCKa- 
jracb cooTBCTCTByioman nHiJiopMauHS. flocne apecja 



CauiHBanpejie 1980 r. 3TOTpa3iieji«XpoHMKH»CHaHa;ia 

coKpaTiuicH. a a noc.ieaHHx naTH DunycKax aooome Her 
cooomcHHii Ha KpUMCKO-TaiapcKyioTeMy... 

...B 59-10 eodoeufUHy denopmauuu KptiMCKux ma- 
map. 18 MUX 2005 c.. s KpbiMy omMeiincH 3enb noMnmu 
penpeccupoeaHHbix hapodoti. Kqk c^:ala^ r UHmepebio 
"tfieecmunMn Mycma<paJIjKe.vtae», e KptiM sepHy.ioch 
OK0.10 lemeepmu Muxiuona KpuMCKUX mamap. Ho ho 
oiepedu a VioeKucmaHe ux euje OKO.io ISO mbdcsv. *Ja 
no.iesKa nauieu 6opb6bi. ~ c popdocmbio CKOjai Mycma- 
(pa. -Mbi He npo.HLin hu caoeii. mi uvjk'ou Kposvu. 

HauMOHa/ibHbie abhwchmr 

3anHCHbie ruiaKajibuiHKH nopyxKyeiijeMy B 1991 r. 
«HepyiiiHMOMy» CoBCTcicoMy Coiosy c oco6biM yMvuie- 
HiieM BcnoMiiHaioT o«noAnHHHOM 6paTCTBe Hapoaosn, 
5y3To 6bi uapHBuiCM b cOBCTCKoe BpeMB b CCCP. Ha 
caMOM jejie ueHTpooewHweTeHfleniiHH h HeaoSpojKe- 
.laie.ibCTBO K poccHJiHaM Bceriia cyiuecTBOBajiH b coio3- 
Hbix peenySjiHKax: ohh npoaajift-iHCh b rpeipHrejibwoM 
OTHOUieHMH KpyccKHM KBK K oKKynaKTaM B npH6ajiTHKe. 
TAC JiiOAH KayjiHuax It B Mara3HHax He iKe.iajiH noKHMarb 
pyccKyio peHb, OTBeiaTb Ha aonpocbi. 3aaaHHbie no- 
pyccKH, HcMTO nOAo6Hoe mojkho 6bi.io BcrpeTHTb B 3a- 
KapnaTCKofl VKpaHHC, H noBCCMecTHWM ou.io npoTHBO- 
iieticTBHe HacmibCTBeHHon pycH(|iHKauHH. BjiacTH 6opo- 
jiHCb c 3THM no-coBCTCKH - penpeccH«un. npeapaman 
TEM caMbiM Heao6poiKejiaTe-ibCTBo b HenaBHCTb. cipcM- 

JICHHC K KJ'JlbTypHOfi BBTOHOMHH - B HeHSCCWHOCTb OTM- 

jreKHX. 

B TToit r.naBKc n KopoTKopaccKawy o HauHOHajibHbix 
SBKJKeHHiix Ha VKpaHHe. B npH6a;iTHKe. b ApMeniiK h b 
rpyiHH. B nepHOii. o KoiopoM paccKa3UBa;ia «XpoHH- 
Kax. 3To6ujiM MHpHbie iiBH)KeHHR. OTCTaiiBaiouiHe HauH- 
onajibKbifl B3biK K icy.it>Typy. npasna. raK oujio ne see- 
raa. B nepaoe nocicBoeHHoe jecaTH-ieTiie na 3anaiiHoR 
VKpanHc H B aHHCKCHpOBaHHbix Cobctckhm Coioiom 
pecm6jinKax npH6ajiTHKH cyuiecTBOBajio h napTioanc- 
Koe flBHJKCHHe - VriA (VKpaHHCKas noBCTaHwecKas ap- 
MHs). «jiecHb[e SpaTbH" b npHQa^iTHRcKHx pecny6;iHKax. 
MHO)KecTBO napTH3aii 6bmHy6m'u Bcpa^KeHHnxc Kapa- 

Te.lbHblMK leKHCTCKllMH HBCTSMH (laKWe nOKeCIUHMH 

HeMajibie noiepH) kjih paccrpejinHW no npHroBOpy cy- 
J.OB. A .iioaH, noMoraeuiKe noBcraHuaM (m npocTO co- 
ny BCTBOBaBUi He hm), b 70-e roau Bce erne jiocKiKiiBajiH 
CBOH 25 H ! S-JieTHHC cpoKa. 

MOWHO n0-pa3H0My OTHOCHTbCH K nOBCTaHUaM. 

MHorne KopeHHue whtcih nocBo6o)KjieHHux» a 1939- 
40 rojiax oGJiacTcR h pecny5jiHK bhmt b napTioanax 
HaiwOHa.ibHux repoeB. CoaeTCKa)! liponaraHaa ifMeno- 
Ba;iaHXHeHHaHeKaK6aHaHTaMH, Hon xotcjiGw HanoM- 

HHTb HHTaTe.liO, HTO H HCMUblBO BpCMS BOitHbl KaiblBanH 

CaHiiHTaMH HaiiiHx napT[i3aH. A cBo6oiiy ii rocy^ap- 
CTBeHHOCTb BCe 3TH pecnyfillHKH CHOBa oBpcJiH He c 
noMO[jii.ioaoopy*eHHofi5opb6bi, aapeayjibTayejieMOK- 
paTHHecKHX npeo6pa30BaHHt) b CCCP. 

OmnouieHue k napmuianoM e 3anadiibix pecny&iu- 
Kta KQK K "daHdumoMv 6olio HCKpenno sOumo a cajna- 
Hve coeemcKUX iiodeu, FIomhio. odun mj moux dpyieii. 



wwwharUarg 



162 



^ N3 NCTDPHN HHAKOMblCJIIIII 



eoiepaufoii nocie npofmenus IS-ii ebtnycK dto-iiemeHft. 
iieodocpum&ihHO cnpociLi: y:>ic we cooupaemca.iu «.\'po- 
HUKaa iUHxmbCH 3auiumoii yco.ioeHUKoe u ouHdumos? B 
omeem Ma Moe Hedoy.ueHue moeapuuf yxajai na npuee- 
deHHbii a HOMepe~5e3 ecMKo^o nuMMUHmupun - cnucoK: 
sCocmae xencKiVo no.iumiojepji }KX S85''3«. BcnucKe 
- 19 jtceHUiUH. Memeepo U3 Komopnx 6btju cenmuMu 
OYH (Opeaiiujanuu vKpauHCKUX HaiiuoHOJiucmoe} u 
dbtiu ocyjicdeubt e Koniie 40~x - 50-x ^odax no 25 u IS 
lem. npwteu .ivtub npo odHV iii hux uieecmnu. imo ohq 
omcmpejueaiacb npu apecme u Ko;o-mo mo JU}'6uia. 
mo ,iu paHwia. ysacmHutfa .lumoecKoeo ConpomuejeHun 
6btia ocyjKdena iia lO.iems 1968 e. 3a codttmun dead- 
UamiaemHeu OaeHocmu. Eufe deoe - yuacmnuitbi no- 
nbimKu yeona coMOJiema c ife-ibio yiimu 3a epanutfy. A 
oo.ibutuHcmeo U3 latciioueHHbix 3icenufUH - " pe.^u^uo3• 
HU\fbin, neKomopbie cude.iu 3a ceoio eepy «e nepebtu 
cpoK. 

Ho BepHCMcn k npec;ieiiOBaKHiiM "HaiiHOHanoB», 
npoxodHBiuiiM BO BpeMCHa «XpoHiiKii». B ee nepsux 

BI>inyCK3X COoBlUCKHfi H3 pecnVOJlHK CpaBHHTe.Tl.HO He- 

MHoro. Ho VTKC B 1 7-M HOMepe rowemeH paccxai o cyiie 
B HBaHo-tDpaHtoBCKe BceHTfi6pe ] 970 r. Hail iiCTopn mom 

» 6bl81IIHM nO.lHT13K0M BaHCHTHHOM Mop030M. 3aCB0>O 

caMH3MTCK>io ny6.iHUHCTHKy OH 6biJi Ha 3tot pa] ocyw- 
jcH K 9 rojiaM 3aK;iioHeHHii h 5 roflaw ccu<ikh, 3tot cya 
CTii npejiKiiiHen nojiHTHHecKHx penpeccHB 1972 r., Kor- 
aa Ha VKpaiine dujih apecTOBanu 6ojiee 100 nejioBeK. 
CpcaH ocjwacHHWx k saK^iroHCHHio b Jiarepb - xyjiow- 
HHua CrettiaHHfl liJa6aT>pa. CBtimeHHHK BacHanfl PoMa- 
HK3K, yiHTCJib A. CeprHCHKO. 3hhobkH Ahtohiok, no3T 
BacHJib Cryc h MHorHe apyrwe. 

C-ieayiouxHB scnjiecK nojiHTM'iecKoro reppopa iia 
VKpaHHC npHiuejicH Ha kohcu 70-x - Hana-io 80-x roaoB. 
B nepByio onepeab oh Suji HanpaB-ien npoiHB cosiiaH- 
HoH B Hondpe 1976 r. yKpaHHCKott XejibCHHKCKoft 
rpynnu. riepBUMn hi «xe;ibCHHKueB» b nanane 1977 r. 
6bLFiH apecTOBaHbi .iHTeparop h MHBa,iHii OreiecTBeH- 
HoR BoRHbi M. PyaeHKO h y'mrrejjb h duBuiHf! nojiHT33K 
O. ThxhFi, 3aTeM -HCTOpHK M. MaTyceBMi, HH»te>fep 

M. MapHHOBHM, lOpHCT H 6b[B[IJHJJ nOJlHTllK J\. JlyKbJI- 

HeHKO. Bee okh 6bi.iH ocywiteHbi Ha npeaejibHue cpoKa. 
H \oin rpynna hc pas nonojiHUJiacb hobumh HJicHaMM, K 
1981 r. nacBOOoae HeocTa.iocbHHOaHoro HjieHaYXr. 
YKpaHHa ciaBH-iacb KaK no.iioc .ifotocth no lacTH 
noHHTHiecKHx penpeccHtt. npHroBopu anccKaeKTaM 3a 
caMH3jiaTCKj'io ny6nHiiiicTHKy. -ja OTKpbixue nHCbMa. la 
CTHXH obuin no TJi*ecTn BnoaHe conocTaBHMu c npHro- 
BOpaMii 3a H3HacH;ioBaHHe kjih y6HflcTB0. Tax, b hhjhc 
1971 r.6bijTocy}KiieHK5 roaaM saKjuoHCHiui A.MeKajiiiH. 
VKpaHHCKHtt cya pacueHH.1 KaK «aHTHCOBeTCK>io arHTa- 
UHiot) HaanwcH. caeaanHwe hm,.. na H36HpaTejibHbix 
6K).'TaeTeH)[x! (cpaBHHM: coBepuiHsmne yMuiiuieHHoe 
y6HHCTBo 6e3 oTsmaiomHx oGcrosTejibCTB npecryiiKH- 
KH HaxaibtsaaHCb aKUjeHiieM CBo6oabi HacpoKOT3ao 
lOaer). HoaaAeTaKHMHcypoBUMH nptiroBopaMH KFB 
HeyaajiocbOKOHHaTejibHonoaaflirrbHaimoHa.ibHoeaBH- 
>KeHHe. )KecTOKOCTb amub cnpoBOmipoBaaa B03BpaT k 

BHOHHMHOCTH. H, BCpOHTHO, ayKHyjiaCb Ha JKpaitHCKOM 



pe(|)epeHayMe 1 991 roaa, Koraa ooabiuHHCTBo *irre,ieI1 
pecnySaHKH BUCKaaaaoct 3a rocyaapcTBeHHwH cyaepe- 

HHTCTH HeiaBHCHMOCTb VKpailHbl. 

JIhtbb. B nepHoa, o KOTopoM noaecTByeT <iXpoHH- 
Kan, nooicBOCHHoe riapTH3aHCKoe conpoTHBJiCHHe ocra- 
aocb B aajieKOM npoiii.iOM (xotm MKorne ero yiacTHHKH 
BceemeaocH)KHBa.iHCBOH25-aeTHiiecpoKa). ^BMXceHHe 
obrao MHpHUM H npotiB.-iii.iocb B 3amHTe HauMOHaabHofl 
KyabTvpw H mbiKa, b OTCTanBaHHH ipaaMuiioHHoro a.nH 
JhiTBb! KaioaHHecTBa. CMapra 1972 r. BbixoaHJia«Xpo- 

HHK8j]HT0BCK0nKaTO.lH<ieCKOniiepKBH».«Xp0HHKa 

J1KU», TaKuce? xaKii MocKOBCKati '<XpoKiiKa», sunycKa- 
aacb anoHMMHo. BaacTH it3biuajiH ee Ha ooucKax. ca%a- 
aH nepeneHariHKOB. TaK. b 1974 r. 3apa3VfHO<KeHne h 
pacnpocTpaneHHe «Xpohhkh JIKUd 6bLia ocy^Kaena k 3 
roaaM 3aK,iioKeHH!i h 3 roaam ccwjikh H. CaavHaflTe. B 
nocaeaHCM caoae ona nassaaa aeHb cyaa oacratiBbiM 
aneM b CBoefi «H3Hh: t...MeHst cydxm 3a "XpoHUhyJJKll " 
...SHQHum. 3a apaedy ujtio6o6bK.iKd».v.'. . C padocmoio 
noudy ho pa6cmeo 3a c«o6odydpyeux... o. 

B 70-e roabi HauHOHajibHOe aBii>KenHe b JIiitbc 
npojiBJisjiocb TaK>Ke b H3aaHHH MaiUHHonHCHbix wypHa- 
aoB, THKHX KaK «Ayti]pa» («3apH»), nBapnac>) ((iKoao- 
Koa»)Hapy™x. BH0H6pe 1976r. BbiaacoiaaHaJlMTOB- 
cKaHXejibCKHKCKaii rpynna, BHOflCpe l978r.-KaTo- 

JIHHCCKHft KOMHTCT laUlHTbl npSB BCpyKIUlH:!. D /lli- 

TOBCKyio Xr BoiujiH 9 npeacraBHTcaefi JiitSepanbHOtt 
HHTe-OiHreHUMH. B hx 4HCJie noaT-nepeBoaiHK h nyuiH- 
uitcT ToMac BeHunoBa (sMHrpHpoBaBUjiiri b 1977 r.); 
CBHiiieHHHK K. fapyiiKac (aecHofi 1979 r. oh ymep, H ero 
3aMeHHa apyrofl cbsuichhhk. E. JlaypHHaBHiioc); npo- 
BeauiHfi 16 acT b aarepsx 6biBiuHfl noa)iT33K B. flHTKyc; 
eBpefl-OTKasHMK 4))I3>ik 3. ■tHHKeabuiTeflH. Tpynna Sbi- 
CTynana no lUHpoKOMy Kpyry npaB03aiiiHTKMX npooacM. 
aauiHiuna npaaa He ToabKo KaT0.inK0B k 3THK'iecKHx 
jiHTOBueB, HO. HanpHMep. ii KeMuea, iKeaaioiUHX 3MHipii- 
pOBaib B <&Pr, JlKTOBCKaji xr noaaep)Ka.ia TaK)Ke «06- 
pamcHHEM 48 rpa>KaaH JIhtbu. JlarsHH h 3ctohhh k 
ripaBHTejibCTBaM CCCP, (I>Pr h T/IP, npH>po'ieHHoe k 
40-.ieTHK> naura MoJiOTOBa-Pii66eHTpona. KaK hibcct- 

HO. HMeHHO 3T0T flaKT npHBCa K aHHCKCHH COBeiCKHM 

CoK)30M cTpaH ripHSaiTHKH. «06pameHHeB npH3biBa.io 
npaBHreabCTBa oriy6jim(OBaTb no.iHbifl tckct cobctcko- 
repMaHCKoro joroBOpaoT23 aarycja 1939 r. (BtniioHafl 
ccKpeTHbje npoTOKoaw k HCMy), ocyawTb ero k npHSHarb 
HsaetlcTBiaeabHUM c caMoro Haia-ia. ^BenaauaTb moc- 

KOBCKHX npaB03aUIHTHHK0B TaK/KC nOaACpWajlH 3T0 

«06pameHHe». 

, .B 1993^.. cnycmx HenaiHbix no.imopa decxmu- 
lemux, ceKpentHbte npomoKo.iu. coxpanuaiuuecHeOco- 
6ou nanKS Apxuea npe3iit)enma P0. 6buu u enpxMb 
onyO.iuKoeaHbi e Poccuu s JtcypHaie '< Hoean u Hoeeutuax 
ucmopwm. flpaeda. KmauyMOMeHmyJJumea.JIameunu 
3cmouuM o6pe.iu ehoet ceoio ne3aeucuMocmb. 

...YjKe B 1977 r. npOTHfl JIhtobckoA XT Ha<ia.iHCb 
penpeccHH. B aarycTe 6a^ apecTOBan B. flaTKjc, sareu 
nocaeaoBaaHHOBbieapccTbi. BeHepoM24 Hoaops 1981 r. 
norH6 laeH XF 68-aeTHHft cBSiueiiHHK B, JIaypHHaBH- 
KHjc. riocne pe3Kon crarbH o neM b pecny6aHKaHCK0fl 



•KApr*- wM-« 200* 



^ 13 NGTDPHII MHAKDMblCAMil 



IBS 



5 HonSpfi oCpasDBBHa JlxTOBCKan Ppynna 
co;ieHCTBun aunojiMSHMD XejibCMKECKMx co- 
l-name HHK : ToMac BEHUJIOBA, cbhuhhhhk Ka- 
pojmc TApymcAC, Ona JiyKAyCKAHTE-nOHKE- 
HE, BMKTapac n^rKVC , 3MTaH «[lHKEJlbaTEHH . 
nopBUH SO'^y*^^'^ &TO>k rpyniiu ( coBHecTHuii 

c aHajiorHWHOM hockobckok rpyruioti) , xa-rM- 

pOBaHKMM 3TKH Xe VUCJIOM , - t.0 aOHOXBHUVI 

AByx jiHTOBCKKX rdTOJiuvecKHX eriMCKono&A . 
EiiMORonw DjiMOHac CTEnOHABWflX: n Bkhush- 
Tac CJlASKi]BI1<iDC yxe hhot-o jiot (nepButi - 
c 1961r . , BTopoii - c 1959^.) hs flonyptra- 

UTCH COBBTCKHMK BJT3CTRMH R CBOKM naOTWp- 

CKHH oSnaaKHOCTCiM H $aRTii<iecKii OTnpaBjie- 
HU a cctiitrcy B MeGojihimie ropO^KH , rne 
xtiByT Ha nojioxsHMM iiaJiTapncTOB» («8He- 
inTatHux" nOMOHHtiKOB HacTostTenewi) . B cbo- 
eM aanejieuKH Ppynna OTMSiaev , ito BnacTH 

HS OTBeTIUIII Ha lUICbMO 65 (ms CTa) 

CDinBeiuuiKOB BHJibKDCCTKOM apxHenapxHH o 
enncKone CTEnOHABi14DCE , OTnpaBJieHHos b 
1975r. (Xp.40) . rpynna yRaskiBasT , vro 
nocjie Tcr-o , kak enHCKon CJIAJIKHBtlllX: 
HeosHORpaTKo oTRasuBancn (cMCicpeiuie co- 
TpyjutK<iaTb» c opranaHM KfE, ynojiHOMoveH- 

Hui no A^JiBH pBimntK TyKEHAC o6-kKCH>ui 
eny , ito uero ncjioxeHne HSMeHMTbcn He 
HOBST , nocROJitRy OH He HaxoHMT Q6iiiero 

q^UKa C COBSTCKHHH BJiaCTRHM , a OyA^ITb GX^O 
HQ Sa ltTO» . ;ilOR/MeHTaH N2 JlMTOBCKaa 

rpynna conaiicTBmi oSpamaeT sHUMaHwe npa- 
bK^OJtbCFB CT^aK-yijacrFKifii Coaeu^toffl k 
MMpOBoii otiiqaCTBeKKOCPK KB nFIOJIOaeHITe o 

pQJuirK03KNx oS'sefliiHeHMsixn , yTBepxAeuHoe 

ripesnAKyKOM BepxoBHoro Coaefa JltrtoBCKOH 
CCP 28 raoJiB 197 6r. EojibUDJHCTBO CTaTsii 
«nojio»«iMKn" , - cuMTasT Tp/nna . - ana- 
npaBJieHo k yu^eMJieHiOO cso6oau BepoKcnose- 
saHnn K noAaBJieHMn HopHajiBKoii pejmnios- 
HOH XH3IU1S . (AHajiani<«Hoe uIlojiOKeHHeu A"n 

PC4CP npoananMSMpOBaHO b nucbne FEFEJIb- 

CORA w HKyHMHA - cm. Xp 41.) Fpynna 
3a»jBHj]a Tapvs npo^ecx npoThs apecTa 
B.JIAnMEHKCA M M.MATyjlMOHWCA, KaK KapyniQ- 
luin nojioxeKidi SaKmovumesibHoro Axra. 

XPOHHKA TEKyHHX COEafTMH 
Bun/OK 43 31 fleicaepn 1976^. 



raiere oh 6uji sbiiBaH b BiijibKwc k TaM HacMepTb c6ht 

rpy30BHK0M. Ho C006lIieHKK) "XpOHHKH J1KU>1. pHfl 

CBMneTejiefl BHiiejin. ksk 4eTBepo My*VHH b luraTCKOM 
npocTO TOJiKH>'.incTapHKa noa KOJieca... 

Khcxoaj 1981 r.JlHTOBCKajiXr6biJiaoKOHHaTe.it- 
HO 3aaaB.ieHa. BbMH apecTOBaHbi h hjichw Karo/iHHec- 
Koro KOMHTeia saiUHTw npaB sepyiomHx B. Ck-yoiiHC h 
CBtiiueHHHKH A. CsapHKCKac H C. TaMKHBHiyc. Ho Ka- 

TOHHMeCKHfi KOMHTET nOnOJlHHHCH HOBUMH HJieHaMH H 

npoaoJiitcHJi CBOio ilejrrejTbHOCTt. 

B3cTOHHHHJlaTBHHHe6bi;iOOTKpblT0 3aflB.ieHHbIX 

opraHH3aunft, nojoSHWx JIhtobckoB XT. Ho H3BecTHbi 



npoH3BejeHHH ktohckopo h jiBTBHflcKoro caMtnaara, 
jImctobkh. HHji4BMiiyajit.>iwe h rpynnoBue nporeCTHwe 
HHCbHa. H.pasyweeTCH, MHoiKecTBo hmch nojiimaKnio- 
leHHux. JlHiub B Ka*{ecTBe npiiMepa npHseiiy HMeKa 
B. HhBtcoo, M. HHKnyca, lO. KyKKa (3ciohh»), M. 
PaBHHtuja H r. Poa3 {JlarBiui). 

B ApMCHHH K rpy3HH JIHUIb KOpOTKOC BpCMfl CVlUe- 

CTBOBa,iH pccnj'6JTHKaHCKHC XejibCHHKCKHc rpynnu. 
Ohh 6m;ih jaaafljiCHU apecraMH b caMufl roa csoero 

B03HHKHOBeHHM (1977). Ebl.lH OCywaeHbl II OTITpaBJieHbi 

BJiarepbiaeHbiApMSHCKoflXrP. HasapHHHlU.ApyTto- 
HHH. noaiHce - pyKOBOflHTe-ib rpynnw 3. ApynoHSH; b 
rpy3iiH CwiiH apecTOBaHw ^ineHu XF 3. ra!>4caxypjiiia, 
M. KocxaBa. B. Puxejiaaje h T. rojibatutetiH. Ha cocto- 
HBUiHxcH .jiexoM 1 978 r. cyaax Kocrasa otiji ocywaen k 3 
rojaM HCTporanao if 2 rojaM ccbiJiKK; TaMcaxypaHa H 
Puxe.iajiie pacxaiijiHCb h nonyniijiH b pe3yjibTaTe no 2 
roM ccbUKH Henoaa.ieK)- or rpy3HH. TaMcaxypjiHa aep- 

HV.ICS 8 T6M.1HCH JIETOM 1979 T. H nOJiyHHJT laM MeCTO 

CTapiuero Ha>TiHoro coTpyiitiHKa. 

BecKofi I978r. npHHHMajiHCbH0Bbiepecn>'6;iHKaH- 
cKHe KOHCTHiyuHH. B HMX. B HacTHocTH, npciino.iara- 
jiocb npHjaTb cTBTyc rocyaapCTBCHHoro pyccKOMy 
fiibiKy. 370 Bbi3BanoMHoroMHc;ieHHbre npoiecxbi. bwc- 
TviLieHHs, HHCbMa Bfa^eTbi. 14 anpe.3fl 1978 r.. BueHb. 
Korja BepxoBHbiH Cobct PppKHCKoB CCP co6panc]i 
am jTBepwJieHHS HOBoft KoHCTiiTyumi, a T5hji>ich ne- 
pea 3ZiaKiieM. rae 3aceaajia ceccHS, co6pa,nocb MHoitce- 
ctbo MonoaeacH. TucH^H jewoHCrpaHTOB hccjih onaKa- 
Tb[ c HaanHCbfo mPojhoH B3b[K!)>, CKaHjHpyji 3tot ao- 
ivHr. lilHpoKafl Hapo.iHaR noaaepyKKa b HTore He nosso- 
amia aHiiiHTb apujiHCKHtl h rpy3HHCKiifi s3ukh craiyca 
rocyflapCTBCHHbix. 

...MHorHc coTHM no;itiT33KOB-<iKauHONajioB<> (Ka- 
pjijy c «peaHrH03HHRaMn» ohh cocraBaaaii BecbMa 3Ha- 
HHTCibHjTO lacTb y3HiiK0B coBecTHJ - HcocnopHMoe 

CBHfleTCIbCTBO TOrO, HTOeaHHCTBO COBCTCKOft HMnepHH 

ck-perumjiocb cobccm hc «BO-iefl HapojHofl», a lUTtiKa- 
MH. JiarepHMH h KoaFoiet) npoBCiOKoO. 

Ho MnaTpiioTaM-Be.iHKoaep>KaBHHKaM» HiinoneM 

OnWT H >pOKH HCTOpHH. OHH JO CHX HOp MCHTaiOT o 

BOCciaHOB.ieHHH CCCP. KaKofl iieHofl - hx. rroxoiKe. He 
BoaHvei. A scab aaxe A. CojixteHiiubiH b csoefl npo- 
rpaMMe «o6ycTpoRcTBa Pocchh» npif3H3eT: xHemy hoc 
CU.1 iia iivnepmofv 

Hy. a ec-iH 6bi ace »e aocraao cili? He crwaHO an 
onuTb sasoeBbiaaTb h Kapaib? H pa3Be 3to npHHecer 
C.iaro caMOMy pyccKOMy napoay? HanoMHio noMemcH- 
Koe B 9-w BbinycKe 'iXpoHHKH» lasBjneHHe 17 npaeoaa- 

UIMTHIIKOB K TOilOBlUHHe BT0p>KeHIl)1 B HeXOCJIOBaKlIK). 

OHOKOHHa;iocbcaoBaMH:''...H^.iioj«-emow/nbC8o6cidCH 
a ciacm.iu« hapod. yenemaiouiui dpyeue napodttu. 

«B 0TKa3e» 

ko^da Hbine m okom 3.ieKmputKu a auoicy na\tene- 
eoHHac ed&ib nymeii .^03yn^u K^fiudbi. eon U3 Poccuulu, 
uHe ueeaibHo ecnauunaiomoi apavena. Ko^do cosemc- 
Kue Kiacmii sce.wi Mepaiiu npenstmcmeoeaiu eepenv 



wwwkBrtiorg 



114 



^ N3 NCTOFMN MHAKOMblCAHH 



ye30Kamb U3 CCCP. flomoMy nmo u me.nu. Kmo ceeodmi 
cauoehipojicaemcHe no^pauHbix Hadnucnx, u meuu. nmo 
eute enepa we nojeaifii HCuoHUcmoMn yeix'amb. deu- 
jKem. no-MoeMy. oduH u mom jice Momue - Henaeucmb. 
To.ibKO mo^da ocooyio inooy aiii3isiaa.iu me eepeu. Kmo 
xome.iebipeambCMUjCo8emcKo^oCofo3a.aceukac-me, 
Kmo peuita ocmambcn e Poccuu. 

CeeodHH maibKO.tiodu nocmapute Mojym npedcma- 
aumb. lepes KOKue yuu^Kreiitut u ducKpuuuHaijuio nped- 
cmoiLio npoumu meM, Kino ntjdueai doKyMenmbi «Ha 
ebte^di; Upenodaeameieii cpajy xce eti.-'OHfLiu c pa6o- 
ffiw. i.ieHOB KflCC ucKHOHaiu lu napmuu. cmyiienmoe - 
U3 uHcmumymoff. Ua eiue nodaep^am ynuiume-ibHoii 
«npopa6omKe» ua coSpaHUHX. ^^e euepauiHue compyd- 
HUKu u npunmetu Kieuvuiu ux tipjbiKavu inveHHUKoe u 
npedamc-ieii. A nomo.v nepedKO tLV omKOSbiaajiu g pai- 
peuieHuu ua etteid eeudy ndaibHOcmu po6cmea» npu- 
aiasuiux npuzwrnenue U3 (hpau-in .lui^. «no coo6pajKe- 
WKUM ceKpemnocmua wiu npocitio max, 6e3 odtxcHeHim 
nptiuwi. ff KdcnuipmiuprmaHUbie cnetiuaiucmbi obiJtuehi- 
uyjKdeHbi eodoMU padomamb .iu<pmepavu. €py3HUKa- 
Mii, ucmonnuKauu 8 KomejbHbix. HcK.iiOHeHiibix cmydeH- 
moa mym Jice npusoiecnu « ap.Muio. A ciyoicGa a apMuu - 
daMrenpocmbLMCoidamoM-osHataia. >imonoae«de.\i- 
6e.wi> eufe necKO.ibKO Jtem stieid s H3pau.ib oydem 3aK- 
ptim ULia26ayMOM «ceRpemnocmiia. Tax nmo HCKomo- 
pbie ucK.iioieniibie U3 eysoe u naiyiueuiue noeecmKV U3 
eoSHKOMa/na MOiodbie .iiodu npednotumaiu dajtce om- 
cudemb cpoK ia omKos om npususa. nocxaibKy cydu- 
\wcmb 6 omjutue om «ceKpemMocmu» ne Ke.iiLiacb npe- 
tmmcmBueM k iMiL'paiiuu. 

Oiedyem om.»emumb. imo 3MU,-pupoeamb lo 
CCCP cmpe.MU.iucb eoece ne odnu eepeu. Jo 40 mbicni 
smnuiecKux He.Muee. ebiciamibix ao epu.-M eouHbi U3 
fJoso.iJicbJi. xome.w yexamb e <PPr. 3.vu<-'paiiuu ua 3a- 
nad mpeSouaiu .MMOPue mbicuHU npeaiedye^ibix s CCCP 
mmuoecummiKos u 6anmucmoB. Bn.io u wewaio .iiodeu. 
cmpe.\iueuiuxci> ye.xamb in CCCP no 3kOiin\iU'iecKii.\i 
U.1U no naiumu'iecKu.u.viomueau (iianpu.uep, .7. Ceptiu. 
B. HeanoB. B. fJa&ioe). Bcmpeiaiucb cpedu omKaiHU- 
K06 u pyccKue, u yKpauntfti. 

Cde.ia« jmu npediiapume.ibHbie 3a\tetanuii, x oopa- 
U4ycb menepb k (paKma\i. noiepnHymbm U3 fXpoiiuKU/i. 

OaH0 H3 nepBU^ npHKOCHOBeHHlf "XpOHllKIl" K 

3Tofl TCMe - paccKa3 o je.ie KiieecKoro pajiMonH)tcenepa 
Sopiica KoHvSKeBCKoro. noMeiueHHbifl b 6-m x S-m Bbi- 
[T>'CKax, B aBr>CTe 1 968 r. oh noaajiiasBJieHHe na Bbieaa, 
B iteKaGpe 6i.i.i apecioeaH. Em> HHKpnMHHnpoBa;iH vct 
KueBUCKaiMBaHiin DrojiojKeHHiieBpeeBBCCCP. btom 
iiicieso Bpeina MHTHHray Bafibero fipa. FlpHroBOp- 3 
rojia .larepa. Iloc.ie 0CBo6o*aeHHfl KoHy6HeBCKHfi 
yexa.1 b Mipaiuib, 

B 1 970 r. rpRHyjio aHaMCHHToe «caMOJieTHoe fle™». 
B HiOHe 1 1 lejioBCK (M. JIumiuhu. 3. KyineuoB, 
M. McHjejieBHi h apyrwe) coQiipajiHCb aaxBajHTb 12- 
MecTHbift caMoneT AH-2, .leTaBuiKii no MflpuipyTV Jle- 
HiiHrpaji-npno3epcK, HTOfiw y-neieTb Ha hcm b lIJBeuHio. 
Bee OHH (KpoMe A. Myp>KeHKo ii tO. Oejoposa) Sujih 



ciioHHCTaMH. cTpeMHBEUHMHOi iionacTb B H3paii;ib. uie- 
CTepo yiKt HeojHOKparHO o6paiiia,iHCb b OBHP. ho no- 
jiyHHTb pa3peiiieHHe na 3MnrpauHio hm hc yaa.iocb. 

rinaH yroHa 6bi;i paspaSoran M. JlbiMuiHueM, npo- 
[fieccHOiianbiibiM jieTNHKOM, ripeanoJiara-iocb, oSeiopy- 
WHB H CBfi3aB nKTOTOB. ocTaBHTh Hx Ha a3po:ipoue B 
npH03epcKe. /lajiee b LLlBeumo caMoner iio;i«eH 6bLi 
BecTK ^biMuiiiu. 3aMb]ce.i He yjajioi: Bce yroKuiHKii 
6binH "izjiepiKaHU n apecToaaHbi nepej, nocaiiKori. 

3aceaaHHe b JleHHHrpajcicoM ropoacKOM cyae npo- 
xoaiLio 15-24 aeKa6ps 1970 r, B irrore flbiMuinu ii 
Ky3HeuoB du.ih npHroBopcHu k CMepmoit KaiKH. npo- 
»iHe noacyaHviwe (b tom hhcjic C. 3a;iMaHC0H, eiiHH- 

CTBeHHan CpejH HHX WeHlllMHa) - K iUIHTCJlbHUM CpDKaM 

aaKJiioieHHH. Jlnuib npn KaccauHii 3 1 iieKaopn «Bbru[Ka» 
AbiMUiHuy H KyiHeuoBy oujia laMeHena IS roiiaMii ii 
HCMHoro CMHKCHH cpoKa HCKOTopuM jpyxHM ocyosacH- 
HbiM. Xoj «caMOjeTKoro» npouecca noiipo6H0 ocae- 
uicH B 17-M BbinycKe hXpokhkh». 

nonuTKa yroHa caMOJiexa no 33K0HaM Bcex crpan 
HB-iHCTca rpecTyruieHHCM. Ho npHroaop Bce paBHo no- 
pa*aeT CBoefi wecTOKOCTfaK). H6o yroH 6bi.i npeceneH na 
craiMM noKyiuCHHa, h hhkto npH 3tom hc noCTpaaan. A 
ejiiHCTBeHHb[MMOTHBOMnonuTKHyroHa6bLiO)KejiaHKe 

BWpBaTbCfl M3 CCCP. T. C. OCVUieCTBHTb HCnpaBOBblM 

cnoco6oM CBoe npaso, 3anHcaHHoe bo BceoSmefi jetcia- 
pamiH npas ne.ioaeKa h nocToiiHHo napymaeMoe cobct- 

CKtlMK BJiaCTSMH. 

«CaMOJ]eTHHKH)> Ha flojinie roatJ 6bi;iH 0TnpaB.ieHbi 
B Jiarepfl. ho eapeOcKoe jiav»KeHHe 3a Bhieij:i b Hipatuib 
npo3o;iwa.iocb. C naiajia 70-x roiioB b caMHsaare Bbixo- 
jmn «BecTHHK Hcxoiia». B mone 1971 r. cocTOiJiaci. 
rojioaoBKa 0TKa3HMK0B Ha UeHTpa-TbHOM Tejierpa(|)e a 
MocKBe. B 1972 roay ua KBaprupe A. Bopone.in coSh- 
pajics KaytHbtfl ceMitHap no iJunHKe, B hcm vHacTBOBanH 
yHCHwe-oTKajHHKH, .iituiiiBuiHecti paSoTW no cneuitajib- 
HOCTH. B Khcbc. y 5a6bero spa, h b Mhhckc. Ha mcctc 
paecTpe;ia 5 twchi eapeeB, b jhh iiOMdHOBeHHH co6Hpa- 

JlHCb MHTHHTIt. B 70-6 TOabl HCOaHOKpaTHO Ha CT> nCHHX 

BH6jiHOTeKH HM. JlcKHHa. HanpoTHB rptieuHof) npe3H- 
jHyina BepxoBHoro Coflera, npo60iiii.iHct. aeMOHcrpa- 
UHH noaiiOsywroM «CBo6ojiy yiHKxaM CiioHa!". Ho he 
apcMajiH H BMCTH. npHUieaujKx B npe3iiJHyM BepxoB- 

HOrO COBeia OTXalHHKOB ilpy*MHHIIKH 3aTajlKHBa.lH B 

aBTo6ycu, swBoiH.iHiaropoa, in6H8a.innocTaBJia.iii Ha 
iiopore. HeKOTopue jeMOHCTpaHTu owjih ocyjKaeHbi k 
ccbiJiKe. KaK Bceraa, ocoSchho cypoBUMii Swjih npec.ie- 
aoBaHHa Ha VKpaitHC. rae KFB hc thj manca npoBOKaiuifl 

H (tjaibClKtlHUHpOBaHHblX yrOJlOBHUX 06BHHeHll(i. TaK, 

ISoKTSopn l973r,BKHeBe6bLnapecTOBaH 0TKa3HiiK A. 
(PejibiiMaH. Oh B03Bpama.iCH jomoH hi CMHarorn ii - no 

GepCHH 06BHHeHHH - Bbli^ILl H3 pyK nCBVUIKH TopT H 

pasopaa-i oaewjyy aByxMy*MHH, nonbiraBiuHXcn 3a Hce 
BCTyniiTbCfi. Ha cnejyioiiiHfi ncHb b oicyrcTBHe apecio- 
BaHHOio Oe-Tbawana b ero KsapTHpe 6wji npOHSBeaen 
oobiCK - B cBa3H c «noao3peHHeM b orpa6,ieHHH oaw- 
Ka»(!). H3bRjiH. paavMeeTcs, lOJibKo caMH3aaT. CyaHJiH 
<I>eabaMaHa no craTbC o xyaHraKCTBc - Ja «Bbi6HTbi(l 



■KAPTA' mx-K :o(M 



^ 113 NCTQPIIN HHAKDMblCAMR 



165 



TDpT>t. B jiayx cBHacTejiax <l»e.ibiiMaH ono3Ha;i areHToe- 

«TOnT\HOB», HCOTCTynHOCJICDHBlUHXia HHMHeCKOJlhKO 

Mecnues. ripHroBop - vpn c no.iOBiiHOfi roaa jiiiiueKiin 
CBoSonbi ("XpOHMKail J>f2 30), 

H.TH eme ojho 6eccTi.i*e noacTpoeHHoe ae-io - 
ouBuiero nojnnT33Ka H. rop6a.i(i. Ho CBoero apecia b 
1970 r. OH paooTi,! vKHTcieM M>3b[KH. 3a HariHcaHHyio 
HM no^My "flyMai! oh own ocyiiaeH k 5 rojiaM .larcpji ii 
2 rojaM ccbiJiKH. Ilocjie ocBoooaczieHtix wh.i b Khcbc. 
pa6oTa;i jiH^TepoM . TopSajih ao6nBajics paipeuieHii h Ha 
Bbiesii B CLUA. rge npoiKHBajia ero cecTpa. BenepOM 23 
okth6ph 1979 r. oh oaji k npj'ibJiM. Koriia on bwuicji mi 
Merpo, BKaKHx-HH6>iib20MeTpaxoTCTaHUHn erocrajiH 

H36llBaTb JBOe MVWMHH. TVT ACC OUjia eJBa IHaKOMSH c 

TopoajiCM >Ken[uiiHa. Ha ^aKpuroM cyae rop6a.Tb 5bi.i 
ODBiiHeK B nonuTKe inHactuioBaHHfl 3T0tt %eHUiHHbi >i 
ocywjcH - Tenepb Ha 5 jICT CTpororo Jiarepn (<iXpoHHKa)i 
Ss 56). 

rioflooHbix c(|)a6piiK0BaHHUX jeji 6uj1o na VKpaw- 
Hc HeMa.10. OGpaTHoS ciopoHofi Tofl we MeaajiH crajiH 
H36neHHH «HeH3BecTHbiMHi> OTKaiHHKOB 11 npasoiatuiTT- 
HHKOB (B. ManHHKOBHia. M. Eenopvcua, MHxaiLiHHw 
KouiofiHHCKoft) H jaiKe \rpo3u ii3HaciLioBaHMeM JKene 
nojiHTccbiibHoro H. CBei.iHHHoro, 

...BoMCKo^4.1a^epe'yX-l6/8.^^el^^ocuoKuea.^ceou 
3eoda. odnoepeMenHo comhou uaxodtnucb mpoe.Mo.io- 
dt!x omKCOHUKoe - dea h&miio u oduH pycocuu. Cepa^usi 
EecoKoe. Hx ce.vi>u nodmu «Ha Bbieidn. Cmytienmoe 
mym 3tce ucKiiO'iU.iu ws UHcmumyma u npuc.iaiu u.\i 
npujbieHbte nMecmxn. Hdmu aiyjicumb e ap.»m> ohu 
omKaicLiucb. nmodbi he cmamt HeebiesdHbi.uu no nceK- 
pemHOCtnuu. 3amo «3arpa\ie.iUf a.icL?epb. He juaio cydb- 
dyMaiodux Hew«e«, ho Cepaipttu nocie ocaodoycdehuji 
SMecme co eceu ceMbeiiyexai na 3anad. 

MHTepMe^Hn. 
3a pasraAKOM - Ha MauiMHe speMeHH 

H eme oaHH paccKa3, 6e3 KOToporo ne o6oHTHCb. 

XOTS 11 ilO CHX nop B TOHHOCTH HC 3HaiO, 4T0 H KBK 6bLnO 

Ha caMOM aeiie h kto HcrifHHkie bhhobhhkii c.iyiiHBiiiefl- 
csTparejHH. H:ia«eBKaKotlpa3fleJicBoeRcTarbnnyHiiie 
noMCCTHTb 3Ty r;iaBK\'. 

...8 SHBaps 1977 r. npoK3ouiej! B3puB e mockobc- 
KOM Merpo. B pe3yjibTaTe B3pbiBa nomSjio 7 h 6bino 
paHCHo 37 He-noBCK. Bcero asa am cnvcTS Bhktop JIvh, 
arcHT KPE H KoppecnoHjCHT aHrjiHBcKoH ra3eTbi, co- 
o6uiiu Ha 3anaa, 4T0. no MHenHio o(t)Hiiiia.ii>Hux /ihu, 
3TOTBipbiB-j]ej!opyK«aHCCHaeHTCKoRrpynnbi».noxo- 
Mt. iTO nepBOHataiibHo KFB laMMciiti, B3Ba.iHB otbct- 

CTBeHHOCTt 33 TeppOpHCTUHCCKHfi SKT HS HHCCMaeHTOB. 

Ha BOJiHe BceoGmero HeronosaHHii OKOHHareJibHo pa3- 

rpOMHTb BCeX 3TKX npaB03aUlHTHHK08, «Xe;ibCKHKUeB» H 

npoiHx onnoiHUHOHepoB. Cjiobh «nojuKor pel4\CTara» 
6uJiH B TC aHH Ha ycTax wHorMx. 

B «06patueHiiH k unpoaoft o6meeTBeHHocTHn ot 1 2 
RHsapii A. CaxapoB, b sacTHocTH, HanHca.i: ffi neMo^y 
uioaeumbCH om miiyvie»iai, imo eapbte 9 MocnoecxaM 
.vempo ... jmo hosoa u cavan onacHca sa nocJieduue 
codbi r\poeoKai(ux penpeccusHbix op^anoe ... 3ma npo- 



eoKaiiUM .MOJicem npasecmu k uiveHeNUio ece^o enym- 

peHHec^o iciti.Mama cmpaHhi. .Ji Bbi.i om oveubpai). ec.iu 
6bi .uou .Mbiciu onaiaiucb HeeepHbLvun. MaHsapa 6wj10 
on>'&.iHKOBaHo3anB.3eHiteMocKOBCKoflrpynnbi«\ejib- 
ciiHKH». noiiep'/KanHoe psiiOM jpyrnx npaB03amnTHwx 
opraKinauHfl (b tom khcjic h3 HaiiMOHa,ibHbix pecnj5- 
jihk). B hcm roBopmiocb; «Jluccudenmbi ... no.inocmbio 
omeep^aiom naciuue u.iu npu3biebi k hqcujuio KOKfipeO- 
cmeo oc\viecme.ieiiuji canux iie.ieu. Juccudenmbi omno- 
cumcn K meppopy c le^odoeaHuexi u omitpauteiiueuii. C 
noaooHWM 3ajiBJieHHeM BbicrynKn h owBiUHfi no.iHT3aK- 
jii04eHHb[n J\. GopoiiiiH. 

BbiTb MowcT, 3Ta apjTKHas oTnoBei]b3acTaBKJia KFB 
rpiisaaymaTbCJi h oTKaiaTbCN ot cbohx nepBOHaiajibHux 
ruiaHOB. Pa3B>i3KaHacT\nKaa'iepe3aBa roiia. 3 1 sHBapa 
1 979 r. B «H3BecTH»x» 6u;io ony6.iKK0BaHO KOpOTKoe - 
B KaKOfi-HHoyab aecHTOK CTpOK - cooomeHHC. B hcm 
6bi.io cKaiaHo. mto BepxoBKUM CyaoM CCCP 6mjio 
paccMOTpCHOBOTKpwTOM -iaceaaimyt Reno «oco6o onac- 
HO^opeifudueucmaBamuKJiHaC. C. udeyxeeocoodinnu- 
Koe» no o6BHKeHti)C b coBepuieHiiH Bspbiaa 8 aarOHe 
MOC^oBCKo^o MCTpo b JiHBape 1977 r. «... aKwunodf-ttJa- 
.\ibtx no.iHOcmbio doKa3ana. ... JamuKHH u epo cooBufiia- 
Ku npui^oeopeHbi ... KCMepmHouKOSHU.flpueoeopnpuee- 
deH s ucno.iHeHueit. 

O npoxoiiHBiiieM cyje HHiero ne 3Ha.iH jaiKe poj- 
Hue noiicyaHMbix. JIhius nocjie ero oKOHiaHHfi 6,iii»aft- 

UIHX pOUCTBeXHHKOB npHBe3j1M H3 EpeBaHa B MOCKBV. H 

TO.ibKo B JleiJiopTOBe, rae npoxoaiino nocjieanee CBHaa- 
HHe. pojHbie y3Ha.3n, ito cya ywe coctoh-ics h BMnec 
BCEM TpoHM cMCpTKbiit npHFOBop. Torja )Kc npocoiH- 
JiHCb ncpBue Heo(])HUHanbHb(e caejeHHs o cyae, kcto- 
pwfl 3aKOH4H.ncM 24 nHBapn 1979 r. FIocTeneHHO crariH 

H38eCTHbl HCKOTOpbie nOflpODHOCTM CVaa H HMBHa CUIC 

flByx Ka3HeHHbix - A. CxenaHRH h 3. EaraacapuH. 

Ho laneM noHaaoSHiiacb raHHCTBCHHan ceepxiaK- 
pbiTocTb cyaa? He 6bLio an b jtom ae^ie cyaeBnofi oiim6- 
KH HaH xji«e- HafnepeHHoH !t)aabcniJ'HKauHH? HacTos- 
uihcjIm npecrynHHKH 6biaH nocawcHbi na cKaubto noa- 
cyawMbix H KasHeHbi? VmrrbiBaji coaercKHH hctophmcc- 

KHfi OnblT, 3TH BOnpCCbl He,1i.3>i CHHTaTbpHTOpHHeCKH- 

MH. B 3a)iBaeHHH MTX or 1 ([jeBpaad CKa33Ho: iTTpuee- 
deii B ucno.weHue cueprttHbiu npuroeop ...ebiHeceiiHbiu a 
Heuieecmno.v .vecme e HeujeecmHuii dehb e oocma- 
HOBKe no.iHou mauHbi u ceKpettiHocmu ... yKajana 
(pa.'nu.iwi .tuutb odHoco U3 npu^o60pellHblx, (poMttiuu 
deyx dpy3ux daoKe He Hcaeaubt. 

... HeeoiuojiCHO nonnmb. note.vy npo^ecc no ma- 
KMty o60UHeHUK) noHado6u.iocb npoeodumb a nojiHoU 
mauHe. ue uieecmua daoice cavbtx aiusKux podcmeeHuu- 
Koe. Bedb espbie e Mempo eusaai eceo6u4ee soiuyufe- 
Hue, II ydedumejbHoe doKasame-ibcmeo eiiHt* ncdcydu- 
vbix, ecTw maibKo o6euneHue pacnojaea.70 moKiLMU 
doKajame.ibcmeauu. codeucmeoea.io 6bi eceoou^eMv 
ocyJKdeHUK) npecmynnuKoe. 

Omcymcmeue ciacHOcmu u ecu o6cmauoeKa cck- 
pemuocmu daiom ocHoeanue coMHeeambcn a o6ocnoeaii- 
Hocmu ooeuueHUJL ... JJ&wemai nu maKoii cyd cydav e 
o6u4enpu3HaHHO.u 3Hmeiiuu jino^o doea'.'ii 



wwwkirlaorg 



1BG 



^ 



113 HCTDPHM HHAKDMblCJlMH 



30 xHsapfl B ufKpbiTOM iiHCbMC K Bp4;)KHeBy A. JX- 
CaxapoB HanHcaji: «Ecmn eecKue ocHoeaHux nnacamh- 
CH. ^mo 8 imoM d&ie UMsem .vecmo cydeoHox omuSkq 
U.1U y.nmuLieHHivupaibCuipuKaywi. ...Cyd desacsKou k 
masiy Heo6xoduMocmu obLi no.iHocmbio soKptimbLii u 
ceKpemubiM. ...Tokou cyd ... He .\iooicem ycmaHosumt 
ucmuiiy». B CBti3H c 3thm A. CaxapoB npocmi npHocra- 
KOBiiTb HcnojiHeHiie npiiroBopa ii Ha^namiTb hoboc pac- 
cjieaoBaHHe. 

Hm b 3aiiB,ieHKi( MfX. hh b niicbMc CaxapoBa hc 

ObLTO HH TEHII OtlpaBjaHHS lUlH iaiUHTbl npCCT^TKHKOB, 

ja.TO>KHBmnx 5oM5y b BaroH Mcrpo. B hhx Bcero JiHUib 
BbipaACHM oDoCHOBaKHbre coMHEHHa B TOM. HTO Hafine- 
Hbi K Ka^HeHbi jieflcTBiiTe;ibiibiey6Hrtub[. Ho. ccbiJiaiicb 
Ha Bb]CT>n.neHHe CaxapoBa (b CoseTCKOM Coiose. paay- 
MeercH, He ny6jiiiK0BaBmeecfl). penTHJibKaii npecca b 
o^epe^Hofl pa3 Hana-ia ipaBJiKi AHapes /tMHTpHCBiiHa 
noa iieflH30M iirioiop samHTHHuaM y6Hflii!». 

B 44, 51.. ''2 H56-MBbjnycKax€biJtHnoMcmeHbtBce 
aocTynHbiei'XpoHHKe» Marepiiajibi nciao BipwBe. btom 
HHCJie ocfiHUKanbHao eepcHs h to, hto nocie cyaa roBo- 
piLiocb Ha neKuiisx, hhthbiukxc)! b ccth nonHrnpocBe- 

UieHHfl. 

BoT KpaTKaji Bbi6opKa h3 npiiBczieHHbix raM CBene- 
HHfl. CrenaH SaTiimiH (1947 r. p.)yHnnca na j nypce 
EpeBancKoro nojiHTexHHHecKoro HHCTmyra, SujI apec- 
TOBaH B 1968 r. KaK yiacTHHK rpynnbi, KliiaBaBiueCi 
noanoJibHyK) raaery «napoc» («MajiK»). VnacTHMK noji- 
nonbHOti <(HaiiHOHajibHo[l o6T>eflHHeHHOti napriiHi) 
(HOrt). cTaBHHUieR uejibio jociMwcHHe HeaasMCHMocTH 
ApMCHHH nvTCM petjwpeHjiyMa. BbLi ocyiKaeH k 4 roaaM 
CTpororo jiareps. Bbiiueji no KOHuy cpoKa b 1972 r., 
pa6oTan Ha bpeBancKOM iJiexTpoMcxaKHiecKOM lasoiie. 
XoxejT 3MHrp)ipoBaTb. B 1975 r.oTKaiajicji otcobctcko 
ro rpajitaaHCTBa. >KeHmct9. iiMeer jbohx jereH. 

Jlexow 1976 r., comacHO o^iHUHanbHofi sepCHH, 
SaTHKXH CKJioHHJi pa6oiHX A. CTenaHXHa h 3. Bariiaca- 

pSHaKCOBepiIieHHKITeppopHCTIIHeCKHXaKTOBBMoCKBe 

"C i4&7bK? ... co3daHun eudimocmu cyufecmsoeaHUR e 
CCCP opeaHuioeaHHbix cm, 6opiou(iixai npomue Co- 
eemcKou s-iacmuH. 3aTHioiH, no jaHHWM cjieacTBHn, paa- 
pafioian KOHCrpyKUHio m mroTOBHJi BjpuBHoe ycrpoft- 
CTBo: Hcno/iHtrrejinMK we teppopHCTHHecKoro aicra 8 
BHsapH I977r. 6bi;i)iCTenaHfiHiiBaraacapflH.BoKT)idpe 
1977 r. CTenaHflH h BaniacapxH eme pa3 BueixajiH b 
MocKBy c lajianiieM 3aTH)oiHa ssopBaib 6oM6bi b o6- 
uiecTBeHHbix MecTax, ho na 3tot pas ocymecTBHTb ax- 
UHio HM He yaaiiocb. IIomhmo npH3HaHHf1 CrenaHMHa k 
EariiacapHHa Ha cyne Biina nojcyaHMbix(corjTacHo npii- 
sejieHHOi^ e xXpoHHKei) J^s 56 nBbinncKe h3 npHroBopa») 
n03TBep)Kiiajiacb nafliieHHOti y 3aTHKHHa npM ofiucxe 3 
HOii6p)i I977r. HHcno.iHeHMofteropvKoRcxeMoticaMo- 
flejibHoroBapbiBHoroycTpofiCTBa.OTneHaTKOMeronaib- 
ua Ha BHvrpeHHen nosepXHOCTH tacoB, BXoaHBUiHX a 
KOHcrpyxuHio BspbiBHoro ycrpoHcTBa. noK83aHntiMM 
HCKOTopwx CBHuerenefi m psiioM apyrHX jioKaiaTCibCTB. 
CaM 3aTHKiiH (corjiacHO Toit )Ke <(BbiniicK'e») shhobkum 
ce6)i Ha cyie he npn3Haji, ho bo BpcMJi c.neacTBHJi noa- 



TBep)iuiaa CBoe ynaciHe b mroTOBJieHHH 6om6. xuTopbie 
aO'ixHbi oujiH SbiTb B-inpaaHbr b MocKBe r oxTHope 1 977 
r. Hho KaKoit npHHacTHOCTH k B^pbisaM oaHCCHaeHTCKMX 
rpynn» b npiiroBope He roaopiLitocb. 

...Hbiiie ncped HOMU omKpbtnaiomai .VHOcue maiiHbi 
daieKoiiuue onenb daicKou ucmopuu. Hopou - a ^aiem- 
Hbi.x. xypHaibHbix. apxuBHbix ny&iuKatiuMX. nopou - e 
nony.mpHtixme.ienepedataxepodeitOcodounanKiiiiuju 
"CosepuieHHO ceKpemnoa. 3mom npotiecc modicho npii- 
mopMoiunib, HO e a-dmc'vmo.k umoce oh HeocmaHogii\i. H 
Hamunomo.MKu cuoeym docmoeepneu hoc cydumh dajtce 
o mex coooimiitix. Komopbie npouaxoduju a nauie ape.\iM 
u novmu •into na natuux E.ia3ax. B mav vudie - o eiptiee 
8 .MOCKoecKasi .vempo. 

Pasy.ueemai, npu^oeop - ne ucniuna e nociedHeu 
UHcmoHtiuu. HO aiedyem, no-.\ioeMy. co antiManuaM pac- 
CHompemit o<puiiuaibnyio eepcuio. Ebimb .uoDtcem. 3a- 
muKHH CO ceou^u coo6n4HUKavu deucmsume.-tbHo coaep- 
utu.1 imo yjfcacHoe npecifymeHue. Ho k hsmv mocda 
moKOSi ceKpemHoarib u naiHon saKpbiinocaib nornKpti- 
moeo» npoiiecca? fJoieMy ocyjtcdeHHbie obuu MCHbuie 
ueM •lepei Hede.iio paccmpejUHbt? Bedb jmo moK noxo- 
3Ke Ha jKcianue nocKopeu icnpfimanib KOniibi e eodyo, 
floueMy nepsoe ^asemnoe cooButeiue o cocmoneuieMcn 
cxoe nostetLiocb yxce nocie moeo, kqk npuzoeop 6bi.i 
npuaedEH s ucnwinehue? 

Ho H&ibin anpuopu omeepiamb u dpypue npedno- 
looiceHUH.OceoeMoinyufeHuu. tmoK jmu.ny npecmvnje- 
HUK> .MO^ym dumb npuiacmubi penpeccusHtie op^aHbl. 
vpasy jKe vkojo.! aKade.vuK Caxapoe. «'-fydofiuuiHoe 
Koufyncmeo! /}a 3a nododnyk) K.ieeemy nado cancamb! » 

- dpyjKHO eoivynuima) ano.ioeembt ciaeuoeo eedoM- 
cmsa. oBbLio. yatce 6bUO maKoe. H ccbLiaiu. u cojtcaiun. 

- HanaMHio u.v a. 

Bnpaee .w .m« 3a6bimb? Bo ece coeemcKue eodbt 
HK-rny-HKBM-KTB. He ZHytuojiCb npoeoKaiiuu. se.iv 
cpajKdaHCKyio aouny npomue coocmeeHHoeo napoda. 
iCmapaa necHR! Hadacin! Onumh npo 3 7-u ^nr). CKO.ib- 
Ko .voDKHo! Ma, 6m.7k ouu6ku. ohu ocyMcdenbi eufe XX 
cbeidoM, u doeaibHO o6 3moM>i. Hmo Jtc, npudemcx 
Hano.MHumb moilm 6ecna.uitmiibiM orrnoHeHmay a mo-v, 
limo 6bi.io nocie 37-i^a poda u o hem hc ^oeopitiocb fiuu 
notmu He roeopwiocb) na XX cbesde. 

BecHoii 1940 2. e KantbiHU nod Cmojchcko.v opca- 
HOMU HKBJi 6bi.iu paccmpe.isiHbi mbicjiiu menHbix 
nojibCKUx (xputfepoe. fJoaw moBO kok eo epeMii eouHbt 
jtno JoxopoHeiiue oduapyoKinu neMtibt u onoeecmtau o 
ceoeu Hoxodne Mup. .vbi nonbimiuucb npunucanib 3mo 
npecmynieuue u.v caviLU. Ii waioijr no.ieeKa»Hai'aiy6av 
z.ia3y>' meepdiau ioeedavyio .mxcb. Komopou HUKmo e 
Mupe daeuo ue sepur JJuiub e nancLie 90-x e apxuee 
npeiutteiima Poccuu iHauiiucbv, naKOHeif. dony.ueiimbi 
no KambiHU. 0(puiiuaibHoe nodmeepjtcdeHue omeem- 
cmeeHHOcmu coeemcKou cmopoHbi 3a 3mo cmaiuHcxoe 
iioOeMHue noc.iyjicu.ia natwiy npuMupenwi noeou Poc- 
cuu uflaibuiu 

"Ho paccmpe.1 nojibCKVx eoeHHomenHbix dbi.i 
niicb.\ieHHO caHKiiuoHupoeau Cma.iUHbLU u Eepueu! 3mo 



■WPTA- NI3a-*[l 20W 



4 13 NCTIPII IHAKOMblCimn 



tl7 




A/WKcawdp ranu<4 



coaceM He mo, vmo espine e .uenpo wiu y6uucmeo ua 
V.iuiieii. 

nepeHecBMOi « noaieeoeuHbte sodtt. B 1948 a. e 
MuHCKe no^ti6 HopodHbiu apmticm CCCP C. Muxo-iJic. 
no o(put4uaibHou eepcuu - ciy^amo c6vmbiu spyiosu- 
KOM. Ho ce^o^HJl mm xopouio JwoeM - 3mo dtuo oieped- 
Hoe Henucmchoe KMOKpven de.ia. 

«/Ie.io epaiieu//. c(f>a5puKoeaHHoe FB. juutb 6.^a^o- 
dapR cvepmu CmajuHa hs laKOHHWiocb cpedueeeKoebt- 
Mii nyd.iwtHttMU koshjivu u euCbUKOu ecex eepeee s 
^tiniLihiibie ceeepHbie Kpan. Cecodnn o6 omux u nodoo- 
Hu.x ucmopuxc Hou lacmo paccKosbteaiom u na cmpanu- 
ifox easem, u e mejenepedatax. 

"Ho itno JKe Obao npu Cmaiune.' A c mex nop ho 
J7y6itHKy npuvLiu HOBbie -iK)du. u «ce moM nepe.ue»u.iacb 
uoiucmtaocbu. ^mox. npunoMHU.M KMOKpme de-tau TE 
He cmaib daieKue dpeoKHeecKo-andponoecxue spe.ve- 

HO. 

JlemoM I974e, 6bu ebinyxdeH yexamt us Coeemc- 
Koeo CoKsa nojin-duccudeHm AieKcaiidp Ftnui. On 
ebiibieai Menaeucmb KFBceouMU ucno.wjiemuuucH nod 
^umapy necHSMU. camupuiecxu omo6pa3icaeutu.\iu co- 
eemcKyio deucmeume-ibHocmb. 3a 3mo eufe do omhejda 
OH 6bn ucKJUoneH U3 Coio3a nucameneu. Ho Fanwi ne 
ynH.ic« u e jMucpatiuu. Eo.iee ISO pas on ebicmyna.! na 
paduo "Ceododav. ecmpena-icsi c E. Eohnjp. Ko^^a oho 
sbieixaia e Eepony d.vi .leienua. B deKodpe 1976 e. 
\4ambA. Faiuia. ocmaemaxcx a MocKee. Mounaeceoev 
noumoeoM s>U(UKe cmpauinyio, omnevamannyio ua .va- 
uiuHKejanucKy: fllpuHJimopeMeHueyoumbeatae^ocbiHa 
AieKcaHdpau. A eu^e lepes ^o^. 15 denaSpii 1977 e., 
A. Faiui mpaeutecKU nocu6 a flapiLxe. Odcmuxmcib- 
cmea tt'o avepmu ja^^ado^Htt, MH03ue cmmatom. imo u 
eo 0paHiiuu do Heao domMHy.iucb d.iuHHbie pyKu FB. ffn 
enaine donycKQio. <tmo .lem imax nepej iO ombtu^ymat 
doKyMenmbi, nodmaepJtcdaiouiue. •unoda, deucmaume.ib- 
Ho, imo "MOKpoe de.iou - eufe odua onepatfuH naiuia 
do6jecmHtiix leKucmoe. 

Banpeje I976e..eeiepa**. Heu3eecm»bieydapu.ius 
no&besde no,-a.inee leu-mo mitjice.ibiM nhifnue,''0 no.ium- 
33Ka u nepeeodiUKa-aepMaHiicma KoHcmaHmuna Eo- 
eambipeea. Ma moK KperJKo ydapinu. ^mo •fepei noimopa 



A. PAJIMM 

MH HE XVKE rOPftUPW 

Bu TSKMe HecTepntiuo pa^me 
H TSKHe, B cymHOCTM, npwMepHHe; 
BcS TOMHT sac 6ypM aepHMcaatHbie, 
Bee maTaBT naBojiKM npewbepHwe. 

XoBnie, nvtmalimAe , b HeMCTOBUX, 

Hy, a ecjTH hm npewbep, hk eucTaaoK - 

JleCUTfa MfiTpOB KOMHaTKa B OCTaHKKHS, 

rae yjitjOKOfl CTpajtHUKH-nacTasHMKM 
He CMSOT OjiarocTHO h canroiHo? 
Hn. . . cTOKT KapTMHa Ha nojtpaMHMKe - 
BoT K Bcei , . 

A 3Toro aocraTO«Ho! 

EcTfa, CTOMT KapTMHa Ha nonpaMHMKe ■ 
3Toro iiocTaroiJHo; 

OcyauB M coaecTb k OeccTpamne, 
(Bpoce He aaJioxHinb m we Kynmafa hx) , 
Ax, KaK Bbi npHCyTCTsyeTe, pa«ne, 
no KapMaHaM paccosaBiiiM KyKnuiK! 

^To X, aoBMTe HeObURmfai Cnj^aux, 
OmiMKafiTe cTpa»:HMKOB no MueH«! 
BpojinT Means' pawMMM DoOpmhhmk 
TyHeaauhi HecToptj yt IlHMeHbi. 

7x UMBH c scTpaj He paccuponMJTO , 
B cynep nx hs TMCKaCT oCJiaToyHbtfi. . , 
«3pnKa» 6epeT leTupe koijuh - 

EOT M BC6 ! . . 

A 3Toro jiocTaToyHo! 
EcTb, OTCTyKaHo yeTupe KonwM - 

3T0rO BOCTaTOtJHO! 

BpeMfl ceeT BCTpu, Me^ieT mojihhh, 
CosnaeT coBCTfai h komhccmh, 
Hto UK flSHb, taw^iapHoe DeaMOJ-.ane 
CJiaBMT MKOroayMHoe OeBMbicjTMe. 

BpOHMT KpMBna c nojiocbi hs nojiocy, 
DejiKTCf! c cocejiCKOii Kpnanoft onuTOM. . . 
Ho r-peMMT HaneToe Bnojirojioca, 
Ho pyawT npovKTaHHoe mSnoTOM. 

Hk napTepa hct, hh jio*, hm npyca, 
KjTaKa H© OeayMCTByfiT npiinaaoiHo. 
ECTb MarHHTo$OH CMCTeMbi wSysaw, 
BoT a BcS 1 . . 

A STOrO JIOCTaTOWHO t 

ECTb, CTOMT KapTMHa Ha nonpaMHMKe, 
EcTb, oTCTyKaHO liETbipe korhm, 
EcTb MarHHTO$oH cMCTeMK «fly3a» - 

3T0rO HOCTaTDHHO ! 

1966 



wwivkwlKorg 



1BI 



^ 113 NCIDPHII HHAKOMblCJINII 



vecHMa OH y.xtep e 6o.ibHmie. M»o^ue. iHaeiuue Bo^ambl- 
peea. «e coMHesaiuch. ^mo e?o y6uucmeo - de.ia pyK 
KTB. Oh Bb/stiea.! uedoeaibcmeo jmoeo eedaucmaa ceo- 
U.W HeiaaucuMbiM oOuieHiieM c iieMeifKUMU Koppecnon- 
deHmaMU u noceu4eHwiMU Kgapirfuptj A. Caxapoea. Flpfi- 
Mbtx dOKaiam&ibcms. pa3\:\ieemcn. nem, no eedb KFEne 
ocmaojitem na .uecme npeanymeHiui ceoia eujumHbix 
KapmoieK. 

O mparuHecKoii eu6e.iu e Bwibuioce csnuiSHHUKo 
E. JlaypwiaeuMyca x yjice paccKOicn ebiute. MojKem 
6bimb. omKpbteiuuecH apxuobi .lumiMSCKueo KFE omee- 
mum Ha eonpoc. xmo maiKHy.i caxmeHHUKa nod Ko.ieca 
epyioeuKa? 

, . . Hadeiocb u eepio. Mtno cnycmx KOKia-Hudydb noj- 
eSKQ pasbiutymcji doKyMe»mbi, Komoptte peupeutam 
Houiu coMHenwi oinHocums.ibHa m02o. Kmo ycmpoin a 
!977^.e3pbleeea^oHe.MocKoecKo^oMempo.J^lo6onb^m^ 
HO 6bi.io 6bi c.iemamb na Mauiune epeMenu e imo ue 
cmo.ib omdaieHHoe dvdyuiee u 3cu:isiHymb e coomeem- 
cmsyiomyK) «0co6yio nanKyu. Eufe uHmepecnee ott.w 
6bi yjHamb npaedy o 83pbieax do.voe e Mucme u e 
BovodoHcice H 06 <<aHmumeppopucmuHecKux yteHU- 
svc" a PjisoHU. M o mav. Kmo e^aKiaatM ydvucmeo 
Cep€en fOuieHKoea- denymamaJIyMbt. 3aHU\^aelue^ocx 
HeiaeucuMbLU pacciedoeaMueM jmux npecmymeuuu. A 
nana cmoum npocmo nepecmamb eepumb na cioeo 
cooSufeHWLU u ymeepjtcdeHUfi» npaeooxpaHume.ibHbix 
u UHbix opeanoe. Qo mex. pajyMeemcn, nop, noKa oim He 
npedcmaexm hom HecawneHHbix uy6edume.ibHbix doKa- 
jamejbcme ceoux aeepcuun. 

«nCHXH» 

HsBCCTKO.HTOiiyUieBHODOJlbHIiieilHOriiaCTaHOMT- 

CH onacHbi n« ce6s hjih OKpywaioittHx, n hx npHxojiHTCfi 
Torjia HaoiJibHo noMemari. b ncM>;naTpH4ecKHe 6ojii.hw- 
uti. Ho HTo jejiaTb. Korjia Syftnue rpHCTjnw SesywHa 
coTpscatOT caMH opraHbi BJiacrn. oraenu KFK hjim iiawe 
ncifxiiarpOB. corjiacHBiuHxcn npHKiiTi> Kace6)) pant, tiou- 

pyiHUX 3THX «CJiaBHblX>» BCJOMCTB? BOT OaHB TaKHfl 

iicTopHH, ciyHHBtuascH HenoiiajieK\ ot Mockbu. b ropo- 
ae OChhhckc. Ohs Bbirnnayn awajMaHHofi, HcnpaBao- 
iiohoGhoH. b3)ito0 hi coiiHa.ibHux (tiaHTacMaropitfl Opy- 
3JUia H-iH 3aMHTKHa. Ho - yBbi! - Bce sto npoHSOUUio Ha 
caMOM jejie. 

79 Man 1970 r. b KBapriipy msecTHoro yneHoro- 
6Ho.iora ^(opeca MeaseaeBa BJiOMKiHCb ipoe mhjihum- 
OHepoB H eme aBoe - laseiiyioiuHn oohhhckiim neiixaHC- 
naKcepOM 10. B. KHpiouiHH u cneuManhHo npHexaBuiHff 
m Kajiym naBHwii Bpan o5.iacTHofl ncHXHajpHHecKofi 
Go.ibHiiUM A. E. JlHiJjmHu. He npeiaiBHS HHKaKHX aoKy- 
MCHTOB. OHH npciU]0)KKJiH yMCHOMy npoexHTb c hhmh b 
Ka.i\)KCKyio FIB !XJ\n oBcieaoBaHHs. UK. MenseaeB hh- 
Koraa hc o6pamaj]CJi k ncHMiarpy. Ha ncHXnaTpHiecKOM 
y^ere He cocTon.i h evaTb oScjieaoBaTbca ojnaiaijcs. 
IKeHa H npniueamne BCkope b kaapTHpy KOJi.ierH y^eHO- 
ro6b];i)i B03MymeHbi BonwiomHM rpOH380jiOM. Mease- 
aea nonuiajicn HsnoMHiiTb MiLiHutioHepaM. hto ohh 
npH3B3HU oxpaHHTh saKOHHocTb k nopnjoK. B otbct 
B03rji3BHBuiHR Hapsa Maftop H. *. HeMOB saKpHiaji: 
«Mbr opraH HaCHJTHa!» riocie lero MeaseaeBa. 3aaoMHB 




/ 



ipemjKC Cepe6poa ArtBr'^o: 



omuH. Houna fQuBnuHa. 



CMv la cnHHV pyKH, nactuibHO BTOJiKHjaii b crojiiiiHti y 
nojbCiaa aBTo6yc h otbcsjih h3 06H«HCKa b Kanyry, b 
o6jiacTKyH> ncHx6ojibHHuy. 

KaK BbiHCHHJiocb B aa/ibHefltiieM. «3aKa3)> Ka ncHXH- 
aipHHecKoe o5caeaoBaHHe ^. MejaeaeBa nocTyniin h3 
ofiHHHCKoro ropKDMa napTHH. Ero pjKoeoacTBy npH- 
uuiHCb He no ayuie caMH3aaTCKne pa6oTw yieHoro. oana 
H3 KOTOpbix (HanHcaHHaJi 8 Jiei Ha3aa) 6bi.ia nocasmeHa 
3HaMeHHT0flceccHHBACXHMJl,o6'bJiBHBiiiefireHeTHK7 
jiHceHayKofl h npiiaeituiet) k aoiBbciuehHio T. JIbiceHKO. 
Akuhb Gbijia. BepoflTHO, corjiacoBana c Ka^iyiKCKMUH (a 

HOlKer 6b]Tb, H C MOCKOBCKHMH) B,iaCTStMH H C COOTBeT- 

cTByiouiHMH oTiicjiaMii KPE. E,iaroaap<i ycnnwxM iKCHbi 
)Kopeca h ero 5paTa-6.TH3Heua HcropuKa Poa MeaBeieaa 
o HacujibCTBCHHofi rocnHTa.iH3aunM )K, MeaaeaeBa ryi 
>Ke yiHanii BujuHue y>ieHbie kbk b Haiueii crpaHe. tbk h 3a 
py5e»-OM. H Haqajiacb TpexHeaejibHas 6opb6a 3a ero 
0CBo6o«jeHHe. 

B jammy )Kopeca BbiciynmiH aKaaeMiiKH B, Actb- 
ypoB, B. 9Hre.ibrapaT. A. CaxapoB (aaeHO 3HaKOMwe c 
HMM H c ero pa6oTaMn): aKaicMHKH R. KanHua m H 
CeMCHOB: HHcarejiH A. TBapnoBCKHfi, B. KaaepHH. B. 
TcHapsKOB, A. CojiwcHHUhiH, KiiHopcwHccep M. Pomm. 
H MHOrwe apynie JiioaK - h y Hac, h 3a rpaHHueft. - 
B03MyiiieHHbie BonnioiitHM npoH3BOJioM. Ho. OTcraHBaji 
"lecTb MVHaupa". B^iacTH He cnetuinH HcnpaB,iBTb sb- 
Hoe 6e33aKOMtie. CocTOOBiuaircfl 31 ua<i komhcckh c 
yiacTHeMncHXHaipaB. LllocTaKOBHHan3HHCTHT>TaMM. 
CepScKoro He oSnapyTicana y JK, MeaaeaeBa hbhwx npw- 
3naK0B ncHxinccKoro 3a6ojieBaHiiit. ho oTTweTH.Ta y Hero 
-ToabKo ITOC npHMCueHHeM rpySoro HacitTHJi sanepTo- 
roBncHxymKv! - fnosbimeHHyK) nepsosHocmbi u peKo- 
Mendosaia adonaiHumejihHoe Ha&modeHue s yc-ioeuxx 
cmatiuoHapan. 

y3HaB B MiiHHCTepcTBe 3apaB00xpaHeHH)i. hto b 
Ka.^y^^ oftcaeaoBaib Kopeca 5 HtoHii noeaer euie oawa 



■KAPM' M138-W MM 



^ 113 NCTOPim NUAKOMfalCAim 



111 



komhcck;). ero6paT noTpe6oBaj! BKJitOHCfiiDiBeecocTaB 
ncHXHarpa. KOropOMy joBepaer ccMbs. B Mhhhctcp- 
CTBe He aoipajfca/iH. Ho Koraa b naiHaieHHoe BpcMn 
P. MejiseaeB npmueji b MnH3flpaB, einy coo6iuh.ih, 4T0 
npHr.iameHHtin poaCTBCHHiiKaMM ncMXHaxp we cMoa^er 
yiacTBOBaib b pa6oTe komhcchh. t. k. komkcckio peiUH- 
Jill npOBCCTH Ha ncHb paHbuie. h hto cero.iHH OHa y*e 
Bbiexajia b Kanyry b cocraae T. Mop030Ba, B. MopoioBa 
H P. Hafl)KapoBa. tlocjie saBepujeHiM paSoTw 3Tofi ko- 
MHcCKit rJiasBpai Ka.iy5KCKofl 115 A. j!H(t)mHu noo6e- 
ma;i Kewe JKopeca (a noTOM no Tejie$OH> h P. MeaBeae- 
ay) BwnHcaTb ee uyoKa 5 HiOHft. Ho 5-ro BwnHCk-a hc 
cocTOdJiacb. H cpa*aTbCJi 3a nee npHuiJiocb eme noHTH 2 
HcaejiM. Ha oSpamenHa jKCHbi h Spara Kopeca k FeHe- 
pajibHOMy npoKypopy CCCP P. PyaeiiKO. k npcflceaaie- 
jiK) CoBMHHa A. KocbirHHy, b KFE, tbk we kbk h na 
oSpauieHiie A. CaxapoBa k Jl. BpewHCBy, He noc.ieaoBa- 
jio HiiKaKOro oTBera. Me*ay tbm noBHaaTb lanepioro a 
KanywcKoitnEnoji3KcnepTnoronpHe3*ajiHMHorHeero 
flpy3ba.HaBecTHB[iieMy5KopecaA.TBapaoBCKOMyJlHi})- 
niHu noo6euiajT (cojiraB b oiepeanofi pa3!) BbinncaTb 
UK. MeaBeaeaa 12 hiohii. TBapnoecKoro nopasiui koh- 
TpacT MevKsy cnoKOilHbiM noBeneHHCM i<6o.ibHoron h 
waJiKHMfi onpaBaaHHflMH rjiaBBpa>ia JIh[}»>i"U3' koto- 
pufi BO Bce BpeM5i 6eceiiu c hum hii pa3y ne noaHiui r/ia^a. 
...BbiniicKacocTosjiacbTOJibKO 17 inotifl. EH npe.i- 
mecTBOBano coBemaHHe b MHHsnpaBC. Ha KoiopoM mh- 

HHCTp B. nerpOBCKHH, A. CneWHCBCKHfi H T. M0pC30B 

6e3pe3yjibTaTHo y6e)Kaa-TM aKajeMHKOe A. CaxapoBa. 
B. AcraypOBa h Fl. Kaniiuy npchpaTHTb BbicryaieHHs b 
3amwTy' )Kopeca. HcTOpHH HacHJibCTBCHHofl rocnnTajin- 
3auHH ya. MenBejeBa b Ka-iywcKyio 115 paccKaiawa b 
neTbipHafluaroM BunycKe «XpoHHKH>i: JKejiaioiiiiix yi- 

HBTb 060 BCCM 3T0M nOiipoSliefl D OTCblJiaH) K KHHWKe )K. 

H P. MejiBcaeBbix «Kto cyMaciiiemiiHfl?)>, Bbiuieamefl b 
1971 r. B H3JiaTejibCTBe "Macmil!an». 

ncHXHarpHiecuHe pacnpaeu ciynaJiHCb eme npii 
CxaaHHC, He BbiBCJiHCb H npH XpymeBe. HHKHra Cepre- 
esHH oiiHaiKjiJ odpoHHJi — moji, b name spCMx JiHUib 
GeivMuw Horyr 5biTb npoTiiBHiiKaM>i counanH3Ma h cy- 
iiiecTByKimero b CCCP nopsjiKa. yj:o5Hafl Mbioib! Cia- 
J1HH HeaaBHO nonpocry yHHHTOwa-i npoTHBHHKOB (a c 
KawawM CBOHM BparoM - eme no cothc HeBHHOBHuix). 
Cefinac paccTpciw He b mohc. Ho c BpaxvieoHoii Hfleo.io- 
THeO Bce paBHO Hy«no SecnoiiiajiHO oopoTbca. CnopifTb. 
OTwcKHBaTb apryMCHTbi? To.TbKo aToro He xflaTaer! 
Mower 5biTb, HaeojiorHiecKHH onnoneHTaM h cjieayer 

HTO-TO i!0Ka3blBaTb, HjeOJlOrHHCCKHX SeSVMUCB HBilO 

npocTo .leiHTb. XpyiueBa ncKHKyjiH» 3a BOJtiOHrapHSM. 
HO npaKTMKa ncHXHarpHMecKHX pacnpaa npHtujiacb no 
luopy H HOBOMy pyKOBoacTay. 

HanoMHK) itHTaTejiK) HCTopHio n. rpHropCHKo. Yta- 
CTKHK OreHecTBeHHOR BoilHbi. jaTCM npenojaeaTe-ib ii 
saBcayroiuHfi Kai^eiipofl KH6epHeTHKH BocHHofi axaae- 
MHH HM. M. cI)pyH3e, rGHepaJi-Mafiop. Hocne KpHTHnec- 
Koro BbicTv n.ieKiifl na napTKOHctiepeHUHH b ccHTdGpe 
1961 r. 6u,T H3rHaH H3 aKaaeiUHH, nepeBeaen na flanb- 
hhR Boctok. B nepHoa nocae XX cbe^aa b CCCP Ha»ia- 
jiocb 6po«eHHe vmob h b pasHbix ropoaax ao3HMKa.nii 



flMapKCHCTCKHCH H WHCTHHHO-JieHHHCKMCP KpyTKKH H CO- 

K>3bi. norpe6HoeTt GopoTbcs c 5iopoKpaTHHecKHM nepe- 
powjieHHeM napTHH omyrH^n ti fl. TpHropeHKO. Oh co- 
3aaji «Coio3 6opbGbi 3a BoipowaeHne jieHHHH3Ma», b 
KOTopoM KpoMe Hero caworo m cuHOBevi ytiacraoBajio 
euie HecKoabKO nejioBCK, «Cok)3» pacnpocTpaKSji npo- 

CBeTHTCJlbCKHe .IHCTOBKH - KpOBBBbrX CoSblTHHX B 

HoBOHepKaccKe.flTeMHp-Tay HT. Ti. MHorweyMacTKHKH 
«HeoMapKCHCTCKHx» Kpy»(KOB nonajiH b jiarepH, h Tpw- 
ropeHKoco3HaBa.i3TyonacHoCTb. HoeMySbiJiajroTOBa- 
Haeo.ieecTpamHaayiacTb. npH]HaBcyMaciiieauinM(Ho 
He no3a6uB pa3]KajioBaTb «6ojibKoro» b pnJioBue h jih- 
iUHTbreHepa.ibcxoflneHciiii!). eronOMecTiuiM BJleHHH- 
rpaacKYK) cneuncHxSojibHHuy, OTKyaa oh Bbime/i TOJib- 
ho B anpejie 1965 r., noaie CBep<KCHHfl Xpyuieea. 

npe6biBaHHe b ncHx6o;ibHHue (rue, no cnacrbK), 
ero HHKaK ne (uichhuhm) ne caoMiino FpHropcHKo. Oh 
coxpaHHH KpHTHiecKoe oThouicHHe K coBCTCKoH acR- 
cTBHTenbHocTH. BcKOpc pa^wajioBaHHbifl reHepaji cra- 

HOBXTCtl OaHHM m BHaHCRlUHX ViaCTHHKOB aHCCHJieHT- 
CKOrO aBHWeHHR. Ho B OJHOM OTHOUJeHHHOH peuiHTejib- 
HonepecMOTpejiCBOH npe*HHeB3rjiaJibr. TeneptTpHro- 
peHKO npH3KaeTT0JibKO oTtqiuTue aeRcTBHn h npoTecTu 

H CranOBHTCfl peUiHTeHbHblM npOTHBHIlKOM BOIKOR 

nnoano.HbiuHHbia.neTprpHiopbeBHH -aKrHBHuRynac- 
THHK no.inHCHOti KaunaHHii b -iamuiy K). TajiaHCKOBa h 
A. rHH36y pra. oh npoxecTjer npoTHB oKxynauHH Hexoc- 
jioBSKHH, Bbiciynaer npoTHB ocywaeHiu aeMOHCTpan- 
TOB Ha KpacHoR ruioiiiajH. b 3aiUHiy KOMMyHiiCTa-aitc- 
CHaeKTa H. ^IxHMOBina. 

n. rpHropeHKoSbiJiBHOBbapecTOBan 7 uax I969r. 
B TatuKeHTe. Kvaa npnexai b cbsjh c npeacTosiuHin 
cyaoM Haa aecnrbH) KpbrMCKHUH TarapaMii. aKTKBHcra- 

MH aBHJKCHHJl 33 BOJBpauieHHC B KpblM. CiieACTBHe pC- 

lUKiio noRTM no npoxopeHHofi ncHXHaipHHecKofl Tpon- 
Ke. jiHuiaiomeR o6BHHiieMOro bosmokhocth laiUHUiaTb- 
cji. Ho BHana-ie ciyiHaacb oceiKa. HpoBeaeHHaa b aary- 
CTe BitaHbiMK TaiuKeHTCKHMii ncHXHarpaMH auoyviaTOp- 
Hax 3KcricpTH3a npHiHajia FpHropcHKO ncHXHHCCKHJao- 
poBbiM H BMenneMbiM. '^o ne ycTpaHsano caeacTBHe. 
nosTowy Heipa PpMropbeBMHa noaeiJiH b Mock-ay, b 
MHCTinyr HMeHH Cep6cKoro. B HHCTHiyTe y rpwropeH- 
Ko anarHocTHpoBa.iH anapaHoHsjibHOe pa3BHTHe jimuho- 
CTH c KaaHHHeM Haefl pe(tiopMaTopcTBai> h o6b$iB)viH 
HeBMCHNeMUM. Tenepb mo«ko obuio nposoanTb cya. 
Be;ib TpHropeHKo na hcm vikc He 5yacT, PasyMeercB, 
TauiKeHTCKHti cya nocHHrajicii taibKO c «noaxoaJimeti» 
3KcnepTH3ofl HHCTHTyra hm. Cep5cKoro. H b oTcyr- 
ctbhc o6BHHHeMoro CBOKU onpeaejiCHHCM ot 27 ()>eBpa- 
JTH 1970 r. HajHatHjt Fl. PpHropeHKo uae^eHHeM b cneu- 
ncHx6ojibHHue. 

E^iaroaapn «XpOHiiKe», 3a)3BJieHK)iM HHHuiiaTHB- 
HoR rpynnu, npOTecTaw pojiHbix h jipy~iefi see, hto 
npoHcxoaKno c TpHropeHKo, lyr we craHOBmiocb H3Be- 

CTHO OTCHeCTBeHHOfi H MKpOBOR OfiUlCCTBeHHOCTH. 

BbtcryruieHMH b ero jaiuHiy He npeKpaiua.iHCb hh b 

COBCTCKOM Coi03e. HH 33 pvSeWOM Ho HeCMOTpH Ha3T0. 

rierp rpHropbesHH 6bui Bbinyuen Ha CBo6oav JiMiub b 
KOHue HK)H)i 1974 r. H BCKope cnoea bichohmjioi b 



WW* karti ofg 



171 



^ 113 NCTOPHH IHAKOMblCmil 



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m, "^"v'a''^ 


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Hemp rpuaop»HKO (onsea) 


U ^/WKC«(] CMUfWOS 



npaB03amnTHyio paSoiy. Oh crnui hjichom Mrx c mo- 
MCHTa ee coiaaHmi. 

B KOHue 1977 r. rpHTXipeHKOC*eHOfi6i.i;iapa3pe- 
uiena noe3JKa b ClilA anji xHpypmHecKoro jieHeHHti. 
OnepauHH npoiu-ia ycneuino. Ho scKope FleTp PpHropb- 
CBHH 6u;i JiHiueH coBCTCKoro fpawaaHCTBa... 

OcTaerca jodaswrb HCMHoro. flo npocbSe fl. TpH- 
ropcHKo B AMCpHKe BMy Shuiia npOBencHa HeaaBHCHMas 
ncHXHaipHfecKafi ^Kc^epTH3a, ripHHCM oh lapanee aaji 
corjiacHc Ha n>6jiHKauiflo pe3>.ibTaTOB o6Qie;iOBaHiifl. 
He3aBHCHM0 OT TOR), K KaKHM BUBOUaM rrpHjiyT BpaqH. 
AMepHKaHCKHc ncHXHarpbr noaouuiH k npOBeaeiiHio 3k- 
cnepTiiibi oveHb cepteiHo h oScTosTfenbHO. Eeceau c 
o6c;ieiiyeMbiM npoao;i)Ka:iHCb cyMMapHO okojio S nacoB 
H conpoBO)Kiia.iHCb BHjieo3anHCbK). FIocKoiibKy Derp 
PpHropbeaHH He roBopmi no-anrjiHflcKH. Stuio o6ecne- 
HCHo y*iacrHe KBajiM4)HUHpoBaHHbix nepeaozwHKOB. 
yiacTBOBa.iH B o&cnejiOBaHHH nCHXKaTpu H3 rapBap;ia 
H Hbto-J^opKa. 

B HTore HMKaKHX ncHXHifecKHX ia6o/ieBaHHfly Fpn- 
ropeHKO HaflneHO He 6bi.-io. He Gujio oSHapy^Keno 
TaKwe iipH3HaK0ii KaKHX-JittSo ncMXMHCCKHX 3a6o;ieBa- 
hhA b npoiujioM. 

... Hemp FpueopeHKoyMep e Hbio-fiopKe 2 1 ipeepa- 
TH ]987 c. maK u He OooKOaemucb pea6u.iumai(uu na 
ceoeu podvHe. Ho oua cocmoAiact — noavepmHO - e 
1991 ^o^y. [lonopyyeHuio r.iaeHoueoeHhounpoKypamy- 
pbi aemopumemHox Kas4uccwi ome^ecmseHHbix ncuiu- 
ampoe ao ^.laae c dupEKmopoM CanKm-flemepGypecKoeo 
ncuxoHeepatoewiecKoeo UHcmumyma npotpeccopav M. 
Ka6aHoebLv sanoeo ucciedoeaia 29 manoe deia Fpu- 
zopcHKo. KHueu eenepaia, euOeo- u tpoHoepoMMbi. npe- 
docmae.nennbie OMepuKaucKUMU ncuxuampauu. 18 ok- 
nai6p>i 1991 2. komuccuh eOuHO£.iacHO peiawia: hu s 
64-M. HU e 69-.V zody «... TJ. ^pu^openKO ncuxuvecKUM 
3a6o.ieeaHueM ne cmpadan u a npuHydume.ibHOM .teHe~ 
Huu 8 ncuxuampuHecKou 6aibHutte He nyjicdiuaii/ (tHs- 
eecmuMH. 22 OKnwdpfi 1991 e.J. 

CooGuicHMH o ncHXHaipHvecKHX penpeccHsx b ot- 
HouieHHH HHaKOMbicmiuHX 6m;ih nociooHHofl Tewofi 
«XpoHKKH». Vxe B ee nepBow Bunycxe noMemeno coo6- 
lueHHe npHHyflHTe-ibHoft rocnnTa,TH3auHH b ncHxnaT- 



pHHecKHC 6onbKHUbi iiBVX aKTHBHux iiHccHjieHTOB - 
no3TaH.rDp6aHeBCKOftny4eHoro-MaTeMaT(iKaA.Bo,ib- 
niiHa. B. t]>aKH6epr, B, fepmyHH, B. HoBoaBOpCKaji, Jl. 
rinroiu, n. CrapHHK. H. TeptJiJi, H. ll;ia\0THK)K - bot 
jiHuib nepBbie npHiue^miHe Ha naMNTb iiMeHa HiieojiorK- 
HCCKHx ySHHKOB cneuiia.ibHbJx ncHXHarpHiecKHX 6o;ib- 
HHu (CriB) ywe 6pewHeBCKO-aHiipono8CKoro nepHoja. 
PasyMeercB, npaB03aiUHTHHKn cipeMHJincb BceMcpno 
pa3o6.iaiHTbHnpeKpaTHTb3TynpecTynHy'iOHno3opnyKi 
npBKTHKy. OaHHM H3 ncpBux npoTHB nee BwciynH,! B. 
BvKOBCKHfl, noruiaTHBiUHHcH lacsoH pa^oSjiaKeHHH mho- 
THMH rojaMH HeBOJTH. BpaH-ncHxnaTp C. r.iy3MaH co- 
ciaBm I'saciHyio ncHXHaTpHiecKyio3KcnepTH3y (1. fpii- 
ropeHKOJ) H naiy^HJi sa nee nojiHoaecHbifl rtroHOpapn - 7 
jicT ((crporaMaii h ccwjiKy. ripoTHB KpHBux ncHXHaipH- 
lecKHx pacnpaB c aHCCH.ae(iTaMH BbicrynajiH HF, MUX. 
BsHBape 1977r. [ipHMocKOBCKofirpynne«XejibCHHKH» 
6bi;ia cosiiaHa «Pa6oMafl komhccha (PK) no paccnezioBa- 
HHKJ Kcnonb30BaHH5i ncHXiiarpHH b nojiHTHHecKHx ue- 
jiJix». nepBOHana-ibHo b ee cocTas boiujTh B. EaxMHH, H. 
KaruiyH, A. noiipa6iiHCK, *. CepeopoB h ;iCHHHrpaaKa 
JX. Eafim {no3aHee ee HJienaMH cia-iH latoKe Jl. TepKOB- 
cKHftHH.FpHBHHHa), PKcTaBniaue-ibfocojeftcTBoaaTb 
cKopeHiue.My ocBoSowaeHHio nenpaaoMepHo satiiOHeH- 
HMX B riE HHjeojiorwvecKMxi) ysHUKOB. C 3to(i ue/itM 
OHa BbirTycKa.ia «HH())0pMauHOHHbie 6K).i.neTeHH». b ko- 
Topbix noMeuiana cse^aeHiui o crasiuHx eil H3BecTHbix 
cjiyqaflx nciixiiaTpHiecKHX pacnpas, ae.ian hx aocTOB- 
HHCM r.iacHOCTH. 3K3eMiui!ipb[ Sfo.iJieTeHefl (c yKasanH- 
eM HaTHTyjibHOM JiHCie HMen w aapecoB hx cocraBHre- 
jietl) o6)i3aTejibHo nocujiajiHCb b MiiH3apae k b FIpoKv- 
parypy CCCP. BpaiH-ncHXHaTpw A, BojiomaHOBHH, a 
noMHee A. KopHriiH noMorajiH PK, npOBOaji nesasHCH- 
Moe ncHXHaTpHiecKoeocBHaeTCibCTBOBaHHe oopaiHB- 
uiHXCH B KOMHCCHKD J1HU. PK B Heo6xo:iHMux cjiyianx 
ccbijia.iacb B CBOHX noKyMCHTax na aaicTroHeHHJi 3thx 
ncHXHarpoB, 

BbiCTyn.ieHHd EyKOBCKoro. HF, MFX h PK 6biJ]H 

VCjlblUiaHbl He TOJlbKO MHpOBOR 06lUeCTBeHH0CTbl0. HO 

TaK5Ke(HTooco5eHHOBa»cHo!)n3apy6e)KHbrMHneHXnaT- 
paMH. Bojiee Toro, >th ncHXHaiTibi CMor.iH -ihiho noiHa- 

KOMHTbCfl C HCKOTOpblMH 6WBI11HMH HaUHCHTaMH COBeT- 

CKHX CnE(HatTpHMep, c BbiexasimiM Ha3anaii.1. n.iio- 

mcM). Ha KOHrpecce BceMHpHoR ncMXHaTpuHecKoR ac- 
couHauHH (BriA) B FOHOJiyjiy b 1977 r. (hccmotpk na 
npoTCCTW H B03MymeHHe coBcrcKoft aejierauHH 3Toii 
«npoB0KauHefli>) Sbiji nocTaBjien Bonpoc o JJioynorpeS- 
.leHHflx ncKXHarpHeP b CCCP. He ateJiatr 6biTb hckjik>- 
leHHOti H3 BilA, coBeTCKaH ae;ierauHn 3anBHJia. hto 
CSMa BblXOaHT H3 Hce... 

B.nacTH H KFB oTbirpajiHCb na npoTCCTanTax-npa- 

B03a[UHTHHKaX. IIOMTH BCC ^JICHbl HP. MfX H PK 6bl.lH 

B pa3Noe BpeMU apecTOBanbi h ornpasjieHbr b Jiarepn. A 
ncHXHaTpHHccKHcpenpecchiH (Mo»eT6wTb.cHyTbSojib- 
luefl ocMOTpHTe-ibHOCTbio) npoflo.i)Ka.iHCb jio caMoro 

KOHUa COBCTCKOfl BJiaCTH. BoT HCTOpHH, BJHTaJl H3 OJHO- 

ro H3 nocjTCUHHX, 63-ro aunyCKa «XpoHHKH». B. llyp- 
KOB. pa6otHfl HI KpacHonpcKa. iio6HBaiicii Bbie3aa Ha 
3anaa c 1973 r. 15 anpcjw 1980 r. oh 6bi;i 3aaep«aH 
B03;ie aoMa. otbcich b KFIS. a oiryaa - a Kpacnoapcxyio 



■KAPT*' W 38-40 20W 



^ M3 mmi NHAKOMblCJimi 



fli 



nS. ricHXHarp B. fl. Cmhphob cKaaaji UypKOBy; hV sac 

6peaBi.reiaa3arpaHHuy. ByjeMJiennTb". MarepH CwjIO 
CKa3aHo: "Bam cuh ncTHTHMeCKH onacemi. Or «5peaa 
Bbie3aa»Ll\pKOBy6u;iMHa3naHeHbiTpH<tiTa3HHMaMHHa- 
3HH, no33Hee iio5aBJien cy;ib(j)33iiH. To.ibKO cnycTS 3 c 

.IHUIHHM UeCHlia LlypK0B6bi;T BbiriHCaH H3 60JIbHKUbl,.. 

Weeo JKe do6u.iuCb npaeoiauiumHUKu ceoeii oopb- 
6ou c ncuxuampwiecKUM meppopaxi, conpitJiceHHOu co 
MHOPUMU Dtcepmeavu? CoecsM «£M/(a'o?o - u MHO^o^o. 
Upeycde eceio - npus.ie'ieHus emiuoHun odmecmeeHHO- 
cmuu BcesiupHoU ncuxuampwiecKou accotiuasfuu (BfJAJ 
K npo6.ieMe noynompe&ieMun ncvxuampveu. Eoasub 
Hoebix peao&iineHUtt u ocjaCKu HecKo.ibKoy.vepKia nbLi 
iio6ume.ieu imou Kpueou u oicy.tbHUsecKOii pacnpasbi. 
KpuMe moeo, oienb eeponmiiu (xumn epMii .lu eoiMOJKHO 
3mo doKa3ambl. •tmoebicmytneHux npaeoiamumHUKoe u 
lapvoejKHbie npomecmbi ece otceepxde cjytaee cnocod- 
cmeoeaiu 6oiee 6bicmpa\4y oceo6o3icdeiiuioyiNUKoe co- 
eemcKux «ncuxapen». Hmo Mce Kacaemcn omdajieiHbix 
nociedcmeuu... 

BcKope noaie sxoxdeHUM e PKmhoio e uioie !978 
eody 6bi.i Hanucan KopomKuu meKcm xfipuHifuntii pa6o- 
mbt PK». noMemeHHbtu bJ^9 eunycKaeme^oai Ko.vuc- 
cueu <i HH<j)opMat4UOHHO?o 6io.ziemenytu. B tuc.ie neieii, 
ocyu^ecmsieHUKiKomopbixxome.ia6bicnoco6cmBoeamb 
Pa6nuasiKOMUcctui, 6btit2 yua^ana aoBufan .y.uaiiusautut 
yc.ioeuucodepjKanwt.iuit, naxodxmuxcn e FlBu. Btacm- 
hocmu. PK cHumaia Heo6xoduMbiM nepedany cneifunib- 
Hbix (rmope-vHtux) nctixvamputecKtix oa.ibHUtf U3 sedc' 
HUH MB/ie eedeHue Munydpaea u sarpeufeHue daiesnen- 
Hbix Memodos jeieHun »a HaKa3aHue». Haibin cKosamb. 
'imo6bi e-iacmu hukok He npopea^upoea.iu na 3mu npeO- 
nn^iceHuii. Oiiu dayce cmaiu o&beKmou flMuwoHui ... 
aiedcmeuH u cyda. KflpuHi^iinbi paOomti PKh 6buu od- 
HU.X4 U3 nyHKmoeMoeco odeuHenux. otteiteHHOio cydaw a 
1980 s, e mpu eoda .itKepeu. 

HonpouLioeute lO.iem. O noynompedieHunx ncu- 
xuampueueno.iumufecKuxNe.va. npoucxoduemux e 70- 
80-eeodbi, kok o necaitHeHHbix rpaKtnax nuutym vfiiee- 
cmwi». cKoMcauo-ibCKCJi npaedax. "MeduHuncKOH ea- 
3emao. lOtoHeKx. Eaiee mo?o. 3mu 3.7oynompe6.neHWi 
txpuiiuaibHO npu3HaHbi MuHidpaeo.v CCCP: npuiHOHue 
jmux 3.ioynompe6.ienuii eepiy.io a OKmfi6pe 1989 ?. co- 
eemcKyK) ncuxuampuio eo BcevupHyio ncuxuampuwec- 
Kyio accoiiuatiuio. CneifncuxdaibHuiibi 6bt.iu nepedaubi 
U3 eedenuji MBM - MuHidpagy, janpeufCHbi 6aie3Hen- 
Hbie .vemodbt .leieuusi. A eedb iivemio jmu nped.ionce- 
HUH codepjtca-iucb e uHpuHiiunax paoombi PKa. doKy- 
Meume. npusHOHHOM cydau e SO-.u eody npecmyruibiM. 
HaKOMey. e um.ie 1 992 s. 6w.i npuHMitt iqkoh Poccuuckou 
Oedepauuu "O ncuxuampuieCKou no.vouiuv, KOmopbiii 
mojKe 6w,7 eudepycan « dyxe daenuuiHux mpeooeaHuu 
npaaojauiumnuKoe. Ua. a Poccuu nado jKtimb ^o.'^^o u 
y.vemb xdamb. 

CBo6oAa cosecTH 

y MCHd coxpaHiuiacb noiKejiTeBiuaji Bbipe3Ka H3 
«H3BecTHfi)i OT 1 2 Maa !979 r. B Hefl noMeiucHa eojibuiaH 
CTanJi B. KaccHca k M. MHxaftnoBa o eyne, He3aao.iro 



npODiciiiueM B TauiKCHTe. B nanajie craTbM rosopHTCH o 

noBULueKHOM Hxrepece lananHOfl nponaraHiibi k HCKoe- 
My B. lUejiKOB>, H hto "moK HajNeae-uyio UH/pop.va- 
ifuioii HeM paiHorojioca noji>'^HJiH ot A. CaxapOBa, 
"Komopbiii eepmejca o TauiKenme{a.a. na. HMCHHOTaKf). 
KOi'da maM npoxodui cyou. flajiee Kacciic h MuxaSjiOB 
nHiiiyT. 1TO irpHCVTCTBOBaiTH Ha cyae » hto frrpoiieccObLi 
ontKpbimbiMu (HMTcpecHo. noic.My i*e Toraa A. A Caxa- 
poBy.cneuHaJibHonpiiexaBiiJeMy M3MocKBbi. nptim-iocb, 

KaK Bb[pa3IL1llCb 3TH aBTOpbi. flBepTCTbCSn CHapyjKH?). 

UJejiKOBa H ero noaejibHHKOB ( A. Cna.T HUH. H. JlenuiHHa, 
C. (typjier h C. Macjiosa) aBTopbt HasueaioT 'nojHoc- 

mb>opa3o6w'ietiHbi.uunpecnynHUKavu-yi'o.ioenuKa\>u». 

.1limb KCnO.lblOBaBlUHMH peJIHHDO 1/1)1 npilKpUTHfl CBO- 

eft Bpa>Kae6noH ae^TCibHOcni, B ciarbe KpacoiHo onw- 
cwBaercs "oynKep" 6e3 okoh. nmoinadbio ne 6o.7ee no- 
tymopa Ksadpamubix Mempoe». b KoropoM «.\iHocue 
,'odbi omcujicuaaicn We-iKott. 3tot railHHK 6bijn o6opy- 
iioaati B .noMc. npHHaji;ie)KaB[iieM ero aoiepH, 

*3a K(KO ebi, ^ocno^a. ecmynaemecb? ! C kokum 
ompe6be.» «n j(Ki«a^/necb?.'»-c na(J>ocoM 3aKaHHHBa- 
lOT asTopbr CBOH) cTaTbio. 

Mto tkc 3a crpaujHbifi npecTynniiK BbiHy)K3eH 6btJi 
rojaMH npJiTaThCfl b tcchom nojino.ne? HaciiJibHHK? 
yfiHHiia? BaHjiiiT? 

Ec.iH 5w 82-.ieTHero Jlbaa TojiCToro. CTaBiuero e 
KOHue wifiHH pej3[iriio3FibiM jHccHjieHTOM. nocaziHJiii B 
TropbMy, a noTOM npHroBopitiH 6bi k 5 roaain aaioiioHe- 
HHH. oecie.ioBeHHofl pacnpasofi Ha;i hum BOSSiyTiincfl 
6b[ BccbMHp. llIejiKOB. pasyMecTCH, He Jlea Tojicrofi. Om 
- nponoBenHHK, npeaceiiaTejib uepKBn AaaeHTHCTOB 
CeflbMoro Ahj) (AC^). Toro ee Kpwjia, KOTopoe b 20-x 
rajiax He noii>!MHHJioci.Tpe6oBaHHio o perwcTpauHH. 

B.iajiiiMHp AHupeeBHt) LUcikob poaMJicd euie b 
XIXbckc. b l895roay. KoBpeMeHHxaiuKeHTCKorocyaa 
CMy 6i>i;io 83 roaa. 06 jtom aBTOpbi nocrecHnjiHCb 
HanHcaib, 3aTO ne sbSmjih coo6mnTb, hto lUejiKOB - 
"CbiH KyjoKO". B 30-e roiibi oh npoBcn 3 roiia b ccujiKe 
HaVpane. anocjieBoItHM oTCHjieji j|Baa^aTbJ■eT(zlBa)K'• 
Jl)i no 10) B cTporHX jiarepax. Flocjie Toro KaK b 1969 
roji> eroBoiepeaHonpa3 3aaep)Ka.iaMiLiHUH)i. LIle.iKOB 
CKpbi.iC)! H nepeiue.i Ha Hejiera;ibHoe no.ioweHHe. B Map- 
re 1978r. ero Bce-TSKH Bbicneaifjiii ii cHOBaapecroBajiH. 
H BOT nocjie roaa cneacTBeHHOfi TropbMbi oh npeacrai 
nepefl cyaoM. 

lUejiKOB o6bhhh;icii b tom, hto oh BMecre co cboh- 
MK cnoiiBH)KHHKaMH saHHMajicD HsroTOBjieHKCM K pac- 
npocTpaHCHHeM npoH3BefleHHR, ccjepwaiuHx 6ecnoH- 
aeHHue. saeeaOMO jiowHue H3MuuLneHKn nod amcym- 
cmemi e CCCP csanodbi coeecmu u eepoucnoeedaHUHu, 
npecnciiOBaHHH m penpeccHSX «3a lucmo pe.ih,'uo3Hbie 
ydeotcdeHuxi'. Floa BHaoM pejiHrwosHofi rponoBenH no- 
SyjKaaji eaHHOBepueB He paoorarb b cy66oTy. npM3MBaji 

HXCnyJKHTbTOJltpKOBCipOHTeJlbHblXBOfiCKaX, HenpHHH- 

MBTh npHcnry h hc 6paTb b pyKH opy*Me. Bmcctc co 
CBOHMH cnoaeiiJKHHKaMH xcucmeMamwiecKu co6upa.i 
(ftanmbi npua-ieteHus ?pa3K:QaH k omaemcmaennocmu 
nKo6b> 3ape.iucuo3Hbiey6ejicdeHWiK. Bo3rjiaB;i!iBiiJHec!i 

HM ajlBCHTHCTtl HMCJIH B FlflTHropCKe HOiinOJlbHOe H3- 



HviwIKrUorg 



172 



^ 113 NCTDPHK HHAKOMblCilMH 



aaTejibCTBO «BepHun CBtucTejibo, neHaraBuiee xaHTH- 
coBCTCKHeii rpoMiBeneHHJi caMoro lUejiKosa h ero no- 
MoiuHHKOB. B CBoefi Bpa«ae6Hoft aeare-ibHocTH orni 
cOMKHjJiHCb KcmoK Ha3b>«ae.\ibiMU UHaKOMmaiHUiUMUf 
Bpo;ie CaxapoBa, Coji>KeHHUbiHa. rHH36vpra, Op.ioea, b 
KJieBeTHHHeCKHX uejiflx Hcnojibiya hx npoHSBeaeHHB. 
LUejTKOB aawe o6pama.ica c nucbuaMH k npeaiueHTV 
ClUA J\,iK. KapTep>. npHSbisaii ero BcrynHTbCJi aa npaBa 
BepywuiHx H 3a apecTOBaHHMX THHiSypra. OpJiOBa K 
iipymx «6opuoa ja npasa ii cbooojux. KaK o Kesnaia- 

tUeW, HSBCCTHHCKas CTHTbH yMaiMHBaeT TOM. HTO BH- 

HOBKbiM ce5s LUejiKOB He npHSHui. H asxe we coo6maeT 
Ha3HaHeKHbi(1 euy no npiiroBopy cpoK 3aK.iiOHeHHfl. 

Cyn npHFOBopH-T LJJejiKOBa k 5 rojiaM MCTporaHaw. h 
ero oTiipaBKjiH b jiaT-cpt a 40 km ot flKVTCKa. CHanajia 
HasHaiMK utieTHHecKDe riMTaHKe. hotom oTMeHKiH. 
SaTeMjiHiuiLiH.iapbKa. BererapiiaHeuLUejiKOBCTa/inH- 
TaTbCH xjie6oM h nacM. 

UJe.iKOB vMep B jiarepHoft 6oJibHHue 27 nHBapn 
1 980 roaa Ha 85-m roay wk3hh. Oh 3aBeiitan noxopoHHTb 
cefiji B CaMapKaHJte, ho tcjio ero pojcTBCHHHKaM hc 
0Taa.nM, .. 

EciH cnpocHTb coBpeweHHyto MOjioneiKb o no.io- 
WCKKH BepyiouiHx B CCCP, TO cKopeM Bcero bwachhtch, 
HTOMHorHCBOoOiueHHiieroHe^HaioTonpecjieaoBaHHJix 
?a pe.iHrmo. Jlpyrwe cKa»'yT. iTO, Kaatexcsi, b nepBbie 
roau nocjie pesojiiouHH Ha npaBOCJiaBHyto uepKOBb o6- 
pyiiiHJiKCb'«ecTOKHeroHeHii!i. cDnpoBo>K;iaBiii>iecflpac- 
CTpejiaMH CBSiucHHOcjiyiKHTejiea. «Ho 3to fiwJio flaBHO. 
- flooaejiT OHH. - a noTOM Bce oocToano HopMa.ibHo. Mjih 

nOHTM HOpMajlbH0t>. 

O, Hama KopoiKaa naMSTb! /lo nocieaKMX cobctc- 
KMX ner, jio kohus 80-x, icoMuyHMCTbi Benw c penHnteft 
6ecnpecTaHHyio BofiH>, MCHiuiacb TOJibKo cTCnCHb ee 
cBiipenocTH. OroBopiocb sapaHee, hto hc cofiiiparocb 
KacaxbCfl Bceft ee HcropHH. Mob tcmh - <iXpoHHKa>}. Ho 
H H3 TOrO. HTO 06 3T0M paCCKa3aH0 B SiojuieTeHe. fl 
orpaHMiycb jiHUJb Ne6o.ibiijorf BbiGopKoH. 

B KoHCTHiyuHH CCCP m 1936, k 1977 rr. bccm 
rpajKaanaM rapaHTHposajiacb «cBo6ona eoBecTH» h jck- 
jiapHpoBajiocbKOTjiejieHHeuepKBHOTrocyiiapcTBa^.no- 

CMOTpHM TCnepb, KaK ace ^TO OWJTO B JieflCTBHTC^lbHCK:- 

TH. HanoMKH) .iHiub. hto paccKas «XponnKM» KacaeTcn 
Bcex pejiKfHOSHbix KOHi})eccHft H Bcex coioiHMx pecnyS- 

ilHK. 

BanTHCTfai, ajiBeHTMCTbi h naritiicciiTHMKH va- 
BecTHbiB PoccKMc KOHua XIX - Havana XX BCKa. TeHX 
o6mnHb[, KOTopbre b cobctckoc BpeMfl He comacHjiiicb 
npoftTH peniCTpauHHD. noaBeprajiMCb hoctohhhum npe- 
cjieziOBaHHHM. uPerticTpauHfln Ke osKana/ia lanpCT Ha 
pejinrno3Hoe BOcnirraHHe acTcfi, a uis lOHOiueft - npH- 

3blB B apMHKJ H HOUieHHC OpyWHM (HTO 03HataiTO JUTH 

HcnoBCUHHKOB 3TH\ KOH(|)eccnft - M3MeHy sanoeeaaM 
XpHCxa). ribiTancb vHth ot roHeHHfl, pejinrHosHue aHc- 
CHaeKTW B reHCHMe jecaTmeTHfl 3a6Hpa;iHCb b rjiytub, 
nepegHpajTHCb b CH6Hpb. b Cpeflmoro Asmw, b npHMo- 
pbe. TaK. Ha Sepery Thkoto OKeana, b HaxojKe. hohbh- 
Jiacb o5iUHHa nsTHaecJiTHHKOB HHCJieHHocTbro ao 300 
He.ioBCK. Ho HM HHrae HeSuiiocnaceHHHOTpenpeccHfl. 



tiHoroa y HCCKTaHTOBH OT6>ipa.iH jictcB, noMciuaJi hx b 
iiHTcpHaT. 3a oTKai ot c.iywSbi b apMiiH Mo.ioawx .iKiaefi 
caiKa-iM B.narepn. noaBepra.iii aHCKpiiMHHaiiiiM Ha pa6o- 
Te. OnaxBLUHCb. npowHBaBUJHe b HaxoaKe ccMbii nuTH- 
aecflTHHK0BCTa.THTpe6oBaTi>3MnrpauHHBCLIJA. 3Mnr- 
pauKii aooHBariicb h niiTMaeoiTHHKH. npo>KiiBaBiiiiie b 
apymx o6.iacTnx h pecny6.iHKax CCCP. h BepyiOiUHe 
flpyrHX K0H<}icccHfl - ucjihie ThicHHH «pc;iHrH03HHKciBJ'. 

Box TOJlbKO HeCKOjTbKO B3$ITblX MHOH H3 <'XpOH»KH» 

npHMcpoB FipecjieaoBaHHfl 3a eepy. 

Kto Mor 6b[ cerojHH paccKa3aTb HcxopMio A. Hepx- 
KOBoi)? 3Ton nnTHiieoiTHHje mj AjiMa-ATbi cnanajia «3a 
pejinrno3HocTE.» He npeaocxaBJijiJiH>KK;irLnoiuaab, 3axeM 
cKec.iH 6yjibao3epOM aomhk, KOTOpufi OHa caMa nMxa- 
nacb nocxpoHTb Ha OKpaKHe. h. HaKOHeu, ynp>ixa-iK ee b 
cneiincHxoojibHHuy. Kxo CjiuuiajT o oanxHcxax A. K.iac- 
ceneHil. Bo;ib(}>e. ocy^KaeHKUXKJiHUjeHiiiocBODOiibi na 
2 c nonoBHHOfl h 2 roaa - sa npOBeaehite peaHrH03Hbix 
3aHflXHflcaeTi.MH?RaHO nuTHaecsTHMKe h3 Ma,TOHpoc- 
.xaBua B. KopeHCBa? 3a OTKa3 ot cjiy%6bi b apMiiii oh 
OTCHaeJi 3 roaa b .larepe, riocjie ocBoSowaeHHs oh 
oiMXb nojiyHH.1 rpH^biBHyro noBecTKv, cHOBa oTKaaajicR 
OT apMiiH. H SbLi CKOBa ocyjKaeH. na 3tot pa3 na 5 aex 
crpontx Jiarepefi. 3to nniub OTaejTbHue, BSffXbie nayraa 
npHwepw H3 oflHoro, 48-ro, BbinycKa «XpoHHKit». 

i-4 ?oda cnyami, aecHou 198! ?.. siuedcmo cudene 
odHoii KOMepe-fOcyjKdeHKe/t CMOiodbiM adeeiimucmo-\t 
U3 nodMOCKoeuoeo e. )KyKoecKuu Mbqhom CepzeeeimeM 
0OKaHO6bL.\i, no.iyiugutUM, koku/i, 3 ^o^a.^Cl^ep» ooufe- 
zopeomiManocmambe 190-/ VA*. On paccKa3biea.i. imo 
Ha nodoKOHiiuKe pacKpumoeo okho oh cmaata paOuo- 
npuBMHUK u BKHWiCLi BZo, Kozda no iapy0e3KHbiM <f^l}.^o- 
cava ULiu pe.iu^uo3Hbie nepedatu. Kmo-mo npo jmo 
"cmyKHy.ii: PaiyMeemcR. coeemcKuu cyd pacifeniLi jmo 
KaKHKieeemHuiecKueu3\iauLieHU».nopoHauiue...'>um. 
d. TloMHio, fPoxanoe cnpawuea.i Mettn, oosmookho ,iu 
^o^oeopum^,csl c adMunucmpatiueu .icwspn padomamb a 
eocKpecehbe auecmo cy66ombi. nomavy nmo co^iaciio 
eio eepe padomamb s oydComy hukok nejibSM. "flonpo- 
cumb o6 3/noM. kohbuho. mojicho. ho epad.iu mavoiuHee 
Ha<ja3bcm80 noUaem na jmou. - omeemunu. H nodywiai: 
«Ox. nacuduuibcsi mbi e 11JH30 la -iiny cavyio ceoio 
cy66omy!ii .Ww paccmaiucb, u n He 3naio datbiieiiuieu 
cydbdbi OoKQHoea. Ho.iem vepes deadiiamb. jucmm 62- 
ii ebinycK nXpoHUKUH. h ombtcKwi 3 cmpoKU o cyde nod 

HU.M. 

Fde Bbi ce^odHX. Hean Cepeeeeun. Moit MUMO.iem- 

HWM coKa\iepnuK? Mau Boe, nmoobi mou mozdauiHue 
npeOHyecmeuii npedcmoxmux Bau cyposbix ucribimaHUU 
o6Many.iu Meua. H ucKpeune nadeiocb, umo Hbiiie Bbi 
voDKeme oecnpeiwmcmeeHHO ucnoeeOoeamb ece ceou 
gbicmpadauHbie yoeoKdeniui. 

«Ho 3TO -Kt Bce - ccKxaHTbi! - socKJiHKHyx 3aniic- 
Hue peBHKxejiH napoaHOCTH HaepKaBHocTii. - Henbsn 

paBKHTb KSKHX-TO paCKOabHHKOB C TpaaHUHOHHUM JLIH 

pyccKoro napoaa irpaBociraHHeMB. - «A "ceKTaHTOB", 
BbixojHT. npecjieaosaTb moikhd?» - cnpocH.i 6w a. Ho. 
BnpoteM, BOT npHMepu rOHCHHtt h Ha «K0peHH>io» 
pejiHrmo. 



■KAPTA' NiSaUD 20M 



^ 113 MGTOPNH NHAKDMblGAHil 



ni 



KaTO.lHUKlM - TpiUIItUHOKH3fl pCJIHrMJI ilKTOBUCB. 

Ho BCoeeTCKoH JiHTBe KaTo.iHKiiTaKxe noCTOJiHHO nofl- 

Beprajiiicb npecjiejOBaHHaM cocTopoHbi BJiacrefi. Vno^v 
HOMOHCHHbie no iiejiaw pe,iHrnn mTpa({iOBajnn cbhiuch- 
HHKOB 3a o6yTieHMe jereft KarexHiHcy h la nx noarOTOB- 
yy K nepBOMy npiiHacntio. He paspeuianH cncpbtBart. 
uepKBH. npecjieaoBa.iH BepyrotuHx. Tbk. b 1975 r. 5bi-in 
jBo.neHbicynpyrM-yHHTejmCKHnapuc-aaTO. ITOHXCWH 
nocTynwi b ceMHHapiiK). B aBrycrc Toro »e roaa y^H- 
Tc.ibHHua MvibJKH BvKaycKaflTe Benia-iacb b uepKBH - h 
6bi-ia cpasy yBO,ieHa. B oKTuSpe 1976 r. yMep cwh vhh- 
Te.ibHMUbr A. MnKy;ibCKoft, yieHHK 5-to K.iacca. Mart 
noxopoHtma cbina no pe.iHniosHOMy oGpjiiiy. nocneno- 
ean rp03Hbifi npHKai MiiHwcipa npocBemeHHS JIhtobc- 
KoKCCP A.PHMKj'ca 3a>fe239oTOM, hto A. Mwh-yjibc- 
Kafl <(HapyiiiH.ia jtkkv coBCTCKoro yHiiTcnai). JjHpeKTopy 
uiKOJibi DbiJi o6ii!iB.ieK BuroBop, a BceM uiKOJiaM npiiKa- 
laHO ycHaHih aTCHCTH^ecKOe BocnuiaHne j'jchhkob... 
EbiJiH npecjieiioBaHHn KarojiKKOB la aepy. ho ne 
npeKpama.iocbHConpOTnB;ieHnerpoH3BOJTy, BiCieHne 
pnna.ieT BwnyCKajiacb nXpoHiiKS JIhtobckoH Karo- 
jiHHecKofl ucpkBHw, co6npaBuiaii h iienaBuias joctob- 
HHCM macHOCTH HH<}iopMauHK) pcnpcccHJix nope.mrH- 

03HUM MOTKBaM. «XpOHIIKa JIKUh CTa.ia HOCTOnHKblM 

KopnopaTHBHbiM KDppecnoHiteHroM mockobckoR «Xpo- 
HHKHn. B H0!i6pe 1 978 r. b JlHTBe 6bi,i cci.iaH «KaTO.iH- 
hcckhH komhtct 3aiuiiTbi npas BepyMUiHX». Ero H.ie- 
HaMK cTajid cBRLueHHiiKM i\. KayHflUKac, A. CBap^Hc- 
Kac, C. TaMK-5rBM4\c. B. Be-iaaH-iyc h l0.3ae5cKHC, Cboh 
aoKyMCHTbi B sauiHTv eepyiotuHX Komhtct aapecoBa/i 
lacTbK) B coBCTCKHC opraHb] BJiacTH, HacTbto 3a py6e», B 
TOM HMC.ne riane PuMCKowy. JIhtobckhc HeKHCTM He 
oSoiujiHeroH-ieHOBCBoefixioBeuieft 3a6oToft. «XpoHii- 
KaJlKli" nocTOJiHH0H3W.Ma.iacb Ha oSbicKaxH pacucHH- 
Ba.iacb KaK noanojibHoe aHiKCOBercKoe iisiiaHHe. B.iac- 
TH BcimecKK npecjieiioeajiH u HJienoB KoMHrera. Cbsi- 

mCHHHKH A.CBapHHCKaCHC. TaMhSBMHIOCfibMHnpurO- 
BOpeKU K 3aiLnK)HeHHK> B jTarepn. O iparHvecKoii rHoeaH 
CBJimcHHHKa B. JlaypHHaBHHioca n ywe paccKasbiBa.! b 
r.iaBKc HauHOHa;ibKbix iiBH>KeHii«x. 

a A npaaoaiaeHbix-mo, 'tmo - iie npeaiedosa.iu.'? ~ 
cibiuiyn CHoea mom Mce eo3.vyineHHbiu eo.ioc. -FIoHeMy 
peifb ece epexia udem maibKo o tyxdhix. Heceoucmeen- 
Hbix Poccuu KOHIpeCCUXX? 1^ 

Pasyweeicji. KOMMyHHCTHHecKaji sjiacTb iHC-iiaa 
CBOKM sparoM ;iio5yK) pe.mrHK), He aejiaa HiiKaKoro 
HCKJUOieHHs iUin npaBociiasHfl. TaK we 3aKpMBa.iHCb i< 
pa3pyLiiajiMCb npaBocjiasHbie xpaMbi. TaK vkc onn nocTaB- 

JlCHHSCBSmeHHHKOBH eilHCKOIlUB ^peC0Ba-^OCbCOH3BO■ 
JleHHe (iCoseTa no nejiaM pe.nHniHw. V poaMTCJiefi. npw- 
HecujHX KpecTHTb aeTeil, Tpe6oBa.iH npeabuBHTb nac- 
nopTa H jiOHocHTcibCKi! 3amicbiBa.TH nacnopTHbie aan- 
Hbre. <iTo5binoTDMuaiCTiisHCTbi»Haco6paH>iflxujejihMo- 
BEJiH H BbiCMenBa,iH 3THX «HapyiiJHTe.iefi cobctckoB 3th- 
KHn. Mhjihuhh II iipywHKHHKK nopoH saaep'/KiiBajiii h He 
nycKajiM Ha nacxajibHyio g;iy*6y npHuieauiyKi mojio- 
jewb. 

H 6braO COnpOTHBj-fCHHe TBOpHMOMy npOH3B0.1J. 

KeMTO«ecoo6iiiajiai<XpoHHKa". EmcB 1965 r. CBS tucH- 



HHKH rjie6 JlKyHHH H HnKO.iaH 3iii;iiiMaH HanMcamn 
OTKpbiToe nucbMo HarpHapxy AjieKcmo I o nopafioiuen- 
HOM no;ioweHHH npaBocnaBHofi uepKSH. H 4T0)Ke? Tyr 
xe (no yKaiaHHK) KFBfOHH 6uj1h uepKOBHbiMH BJiacTB- 
WH OTCTpaneHbi or cjiyweuiu. cXpaHHKau nocTOiiHHC) 
HHcana noao6Hbix npecjiejOBanHnx. HanpHMep, o E. B. 
TajiaHToae. 68-;ieTHeM yMHtejie MareMarHKit h3 r. Kh- 
poB, Oh 5biji B ccHTsSpe 1969 r. ocywacH k 3 roaaM 
;iarepefi 3a to, ito npoTecjoBaji npoTHB BMcuiaTejibCtBa 

COBCTCKHX OpraHOB B »(H3Hb npaBOCJiaBHOfl UepKBH H 
nOTBOpCTBa 3THM BMCUJaTClbCTBaM CO CTOpOHbl UCpKOB- 

Hbix HepapxoB. TanaHTOB vMep B TtopeMHoft 6ojibHHiie. 
He aowHB JO KOHua cpoKa. 

BMapTe 1972 r. A.M. CojisteHULihiH HanHcaji nncb- 
Mo riaTpHapxy nHMCHv. npH3UBa» ero OTKaaaTtoi ot 
KOJLTadopauKOHHCTCKoro noniiiHeHH)) jeuHOl^ B.iacTK. 
«XpoHHKa» paccKasajia He lOJibKO 06 3tom nHCbMe niica- 
Tcm, HO H o5 oTBCTe ewy cBameHHHKa-npaB03amnTHHKa 
CeprHs yCejTyjiiiOBa. Otcu Cepnifi. corjiamaHCbc piijioM 
nojiD>KeHKn cojiTKeNKUbiHCKoro nncbMa. B03pawa;i, hto 
Ke;]b3)i HiiKoro iipH3biBaTb if npHHCBo.THBaTb K wepTBe 

H MyiCHHHeCTBy. 

B HioHe 1978 r. 6bi,ia apecroBana moh3xhhr B. 
MaKeeBa. noc.ne3aKpb[TH)i\(OHacTupooHa)KHiiaBnoii- 

MOCKOBbe, 3aHHMa)ICb H3rOT0BJ]eHHeM UepKOBhOtt VTBa- 

pH. f-^e n6BHHn.TH B inaHflTHM ianpcmeHHWM npoywc- 
.10M». npH3Ha.'iH HeBMeHHeMoii h HanpaBH.nn acneuncHX- 

5o.TbHHHy, 

B cepejiHHe 70-x npaeocjiasHbifl csniueHHHK (h 
SwBiUHfi y3HHK cxanHHCKHX .narepefi) JJmhtphO ilyaKO 

CTajI npOBOJlITb B HHKO.lbCKOM XpaMC S MOCKBC 5e- 

ceaw c BcpyioiuHMH. BcKope. HccMOTps Ha npoiecrw 
npHxo*aH. OH 6biJi 3a 3to oipeiiieH ot cnyiKeHHa MiiTpo- 
noaHTOM KpyTHUKHM H KoaOMCHCKHM CepatfiHMOM. B 
HHBape 1 980 r, Jl. JlynKO 6bi;i apecTOBan it noMemcK b 
JleifwpTOBo, 20 wioHB no mockobckomv TCJiesHjieHHio 
5uao noKBiaHo ero BwcTyruieHHc, a KOTopow oh rtpH- 

3KaJl liaHTHCOBCTCKHflrt XapaKTCp CBOefl aCHTeabHOCTH. 

pacKaaacs k oTpcKCd ot hcc. Ha ineayiom»ii a.cHb oh 
5bi.n ocBoSoyKaCH. BnociejicTBHH J\. Jlyaxo CTn ayxoB- 
HHKOM iinaTpHOTHHecKofii) raieibi '(3aBTpa'>. 

C 1974 r. B MocKBC co6Hpa;ics npaBocaasHbili pe- 
jiMmoiHbifi ccMHHap A. Oropo.iHHKoea. B Hosope 1978 
r. OroposHHKOBa apecTOBann 11 npiiroBopH/iH k 1 roiiy 
Jiarepefi 3a «Tj'He»racTBO». flo HCTeneKHH sroro cpOKa 
eroHeocBoooaiiaH, a eosGyaHJiH HOBoeaeao(Tcncpb no 
70-fl CT, VK) H iWJiH HDBbiCi cpoK - 6 ACT Jiarcpefl h 5 
ccbuiKH. rioa pa3KbiM[i npeajioraMH Sbian penpecciipo- 
aaHbi H MCKOTopbie apypHe ynacTHMKH ceMHnapa: 
B. nopeiu. C. EpuaiaeB h npenojiaBaTeabHMua H3 Cmo- 
jieHCKa T. lUnnKOBa. 

A npoTccTu? Ha, 6biaH h npoTecxu - co CTopoHbi 
BcpyioiuHx MHpaH H pajioBbix cBHiiieHHHKOB. BaeiiaSpe 
1976 r. 6bi.7 o6pa30BaH uXpHcriiaHCKHH komhtct sa- 
uiHTbi npaa Bepyioiiiii\». B nero bmcctc co CBHUieHHH- 

KOM PaeSOM flKyHHHbIM H HepOJlHaKOHOM BapCOHOl|)H- 

eM XafiSyaHHbiM bouijdi tf Mupaw B. KanMTaHM^K k 
B. liter^ioB-KoMHTCT ny6anK0Baa aoKyweHTbi h MaTCpH- 
ajibi npecieaOBaHHHx BepyioiUHX h o noaaaaeiiHii pe- 



wwwkAnsofg 



174 



^ n MCTDPim HHAKflMblCJDm 



jinrHO^HoH CBoSoiiu B CCCP H. paiyMeercx, caM noji- 

Beprcs penpeccHHM. o. FjieS 5w;i apecTOBaH 1 Hosfipa 
1979 r. CBfltueHHHKH. FafiHOB, BCTyntiBiuHfi bKomhtct 
cpasy nocne apecra AK>'HMHa, o6paTHjic<i k ToraauiHeviy 
riarpHapxy FliiMCHy c npH3WB0M BbiciynHTt b laiunTy 
CBNiucHKHKa o. r-ie6a, saiuHiuaBUiero BepyiomvR h npa- 
Boc.iaBnyiouepKOBi. or npecjiefloaaHHfi B-iacxefl,., 

VBbl. HHKTO t13 liepKOBHblX HCpapXOB HC BUCTyTTH;] 

B 3aiiiifTj 0. r.ie6a Raxe «Ke.ieflHou. Ohm MOJiwanH h 
Koriia ejiacTii pacnpaajiiLiKCb c BbicTvnaBUJXM b iaiuitT>' 
npaaocjiaBHOft uepKBH E. Ta-naHTOBtiM. He otbctiuh Ha 
RHCbMO A. CojDKeHiiubma. CoScTBeHHWMH pacnopswe- 

HVDIMH OTCTpaHHjlM OT CJiyweHHS Tex CBSlIieHHHKOB. KO- 

Topbie nuxa-iHCb orpaaHTb ot roHCHHfl npaBoc.iaBH>to 
uepKOBb. M noKuaaiH hx a 6eiie, Koraa sacrynHiiKOB 

npaBocnaBHoR sepbi apecTOBbtsajiH h ca'jcanit b TiopbMbi 
H .larepH. Bo.iee rofo. Bbicwnaa sa pySewoM Ha laceaa- 
HHsx XpHCTHaHCKOti MupHoft KoHiJiepeHmn! H BCCMHp- 
HOro CoBCta UepKBcR. aejierauHH MockobckoH naTpw- 

apXHHHeH3MeHHO3aflBJIJ(-lMO6 0TCVTCTBHHBCoBeTCKOM 

Coi03epe;i»rH03Hb[x roHeHHfi. 

J3a*e cerojiHH, b vcjIobhsx cbo6ojiw, 3th wepapxH 

03a6oHCHbi HC CTO/lbKO TCM, HTofiw J>-X0BHO OKOpMHTb 

CBOK) nacTBy. A 5o;iee Bcero. - KaK sanpeTaMH orpa- 
umb PoccHK) OT pacnpocTpaHEHHJi jpyPHX XpHCTHaHC- 
KHx KOH(|)ecciifl. Ohh BejVT HenpecTaHHyro BofiHy la 
oniiAHxe c K3To.iiiKaMi[. vHitaTaMii, npoTiis nepexo:ia 
3cT0HCKoft npaBoc.iaBHOH uepKBH noj srnoy KoHCjaH- 
THHono-ibCKoro tiaipHapxa... 

"OntKyda moKca npedsjxmocmb u Hedo6p03ice.ici- 
menbcmeo k npaeoc.iaauio'' A uojurem 6tjmb. - u k 
Poccuu? - aibiwyti onsmb eo.ioc ace mo?03K€ onnoHen- 
ma. - Hem. nododiioeo nuKoeda ne nanuuiem KopeHMuii 
pycaKn. Ceoe.yiy annuHiiiiiny-<iepOK'uSHUKy' a huiivo eo3- 
pajicamb ne cmany. Ho odhUCHumtai c Humame.ieM s 
Ciumaio dciMCHbLV. Bbimb MOJicem, on nouMem. nmo n 
eoece he epac npaeociaauio, a iianpomua, omooteu eeo 
no.iojK:enue.\i u cydbSou u xomei 6bi ewv no.voib. 

M6o npaBocjiasKax uepKOBb b Poccmh ceroaHfl no- 
npe)KHeMy b 6eje. To;ibKo ceft^ac 3Ta 5eiia HHas, icm 
oujia nojiTopa-jBH aecKTHJieTHJi Ha3aji. OcTanwcb nosa- 
iiH aapBapcKiie roHCHHsi 3a eepy. SoJiee roro, BJiacTb 
BCHHCCKH noKpoBHTe-ibCTBveT npaBOOiasHK) H iia>Ke 
HiucT ero roiuepWKH. Ho b 3tom - yau! - h BH>Ky iid 
Hero HOBhiB co6jia3H h hobvio onacHOCTb. H no3TOMy 

CMMTaiO CBOHM HOJirOM OTKpblTO TOBOpHTb 05 3T0M. 

npHBiLierapoBaHHoe nojioweHne npaBoc-iaBMS (co- 
rjiacHo HOBOMy «3aK0Hy o cboSojc cobccth") hbho Hpa- 
BKTCH npeacTaBHTeJTJiMeroBwcuietlHepapXHH. HoraKoe 
nOKpOBHTClbCTBO BJiaCTCfl TpeOVeT OTjaiH H .THiuaeT 
uepKOBb noajiHHHofi He3aBHCHM0CTH, Pajen nocTOflHHo 
Kecapeaau. jierKO noiaSbitb o Eojicbeu. H6o -Hunmo 
He MOJicem civotcunrb deVM ^ocnoda\i» (Klam^. 6, 24). H 
ynacH Bor npasociaBHoe cBsmeHCTBo ot Toro, htoCw 

CTBTb rOHIITe-lHMH! flaWeTCX. KOrOOHHHMeHyiOT«CeK- 

TaHTaMH». H6oTOjibKO MHjioccpaiie h ,iK)5oBb npiicra-iM 
nacTMpHM. a roHeHHn - cobccm He xpHCTHBHCKoe iiejio. 

n>cTb we, ocTaaiiB BpaKiiy.OHH saWwyTCd npe-*ae Bcero 



nponoBCiibHj upaBocJiaBMH h xpHCTHaHciBa, Kan 3to us- 
jiajT ySMTufi B ccHTflSpe 1990 r. npaaocjiaBHbifi Hcno- 
aeiiHKK D. AneKcaKap MeHb. 

MHTepMGAHn. 

CyAb6a BeHHoro OTu^eneHua 

Fopio. eopio s •iyjKau osHe - 
M OH MOU.M oaHe.v cmauoeumai. 

K). JIOHUi.lb 

HMejracb eiue oana KaTeropHs JiMcciiaeHTOB - bhc 

BCSKH\ KaTeropHfl.TaKCKa3aTb-Bceoouie-yHHBepca.ib- 
Haa. Cawas HenoHftTHaii h CTpaHHas. H noTOMV, nowa- 
jivfi, caMaH onacHaa. 

B caMOM lejie. HeyaHBHTeabHO. KomajtioiiH SbtoT- 
cn 3a co6cTBeHHbie HHTepecbi i< lauinmaioT «cbohx». B 
KOHue KOHUOB MO«HO OT^acTH noHHTb KpbiMCKHx Taxap, 
CTpeMHumxcH sepHyTbCfl na cbokd pojiHwy. H.nH npHoan- 
TOB, HHKaK He xoTHiuHX 3a6biTb 20 ncT CBoefl rocyaap- 
cTBeHHofi He^sBHCHMocTH. HjiK yKpaHHucB, ynpjiMo ace- 
jiafOuiHx rOBOpHTb h nncarb Ha CBoeO «MOBe». H jawe 
eBpeea, CTpeMfliuHxcji to jih yexaTb Ha 3Ty caMyto «hcto- 
piiiecKyK) pojHHyi>, to jih npocTo BbrpaaTbcs oTcioiia. A 
y* BcpyKJiuHe - KaKoH cnpoc MO»eT 5biTb c tcmhux. 
OTpaB.ieHHbixpe.nKrHO3HbiMaypMaH0M.iio3efi?A3TH... 

Hy, lero hm Hajo? Bbhtl k npHwepy A. JlaayTa. 
Beab He TaxapHH, OTnero oh xaK oaaeoien leM, hto 
KpuMCKHX TaTap He nycKawT BepHjTtca b k'pwM? 3aMeM 
C, KoBajieay npHHHsiaTb k cepjuy npeciejoBaHHs JIh- 
TOBCKoft Kaio-iHiecKoii uepKBH? BaicM pyccKOMV aaao- 
KaT\ C. Ka.i.nHCTpaTOBofi MuiHiuaTb eBpeeB-OTKa3KiiKOB 
(npHHEM He To.ibKO npo(J)eccHOHa;ibH0. b cyae. ho h b 
:ioKyMeHTax xaKofl-TO caMOsaaHHOfl «xe.ibCHHKCKot1 
rpynnbi)>)? A yiK aKaiieMHK A. CaxapoB. oh h 3a "nOviH- 

THieCKHXll, H 3a «pejlMrHO3HHK0BH. H 3a KpbfHCKHX Ta- 
Tap. )f 3a OTKa3HHK0B. OH 3aillH[UaeT II ilHCCMieHTa B. 

byKOBCKoro, h no3Ta-KOMviyHMCTa 11. Hepyay, \\ ja*e 
npecjieayewbTx HHjOHejiiRcKHX KOMMyHHCTOB.,. aenpo- 
HCM. B HbK) 3amHTy OH He Bbicrynaji? H aeab oh hc ojhh 
TaKoii. B3aTb ly we «XpOHHKy»- 3tot nacTbipHbifi 6k).i- 
-icTeHb jie3eT GyKBajibHO bo ace awpKHi tjt h HHtJiopMa- 
[111ft KpWMCKHX TaTapax. H o npH6a.iTax. h oovkpaHH- 
uax. 11 o6 oTKasKHKax, h o BcaiecKHx cetrraHTax. h. 
pa3yMeeTCn, OTaKHa3biBaeHbix«nojiHTH'iecKHX)>. Haawe 
o nncnxa\>i. KaKoe MOnteT Suti, ,io bccx hhx nejio no,i- 
no.ibHOfi MocKOBCKofl pcaaKUHH?! H.TH euie: b 1 975 r. na 
npecc-KOHi|)epeHimtt. nocBsmeHHofl ^Hfo no-iHTiaicTH)- 
MCHHoro. T. BciTHKaHOBa. T. XojopoBH'i, lO. OpjroB. Jl, 
A-ieKceeaa h paj apyrHx jHccHjewTOB BbrcTyHRiH c 
3a))B.ieHHeM. ^oiUlep}KaBBb[pa6oTaHHbJHB.1a^ep!Ix<<^po- 
elCT CTaiyra no-iHT3aKjiKiHeHHoro». ohm nojMcpKHyjTH, 
4TO ero ocHOBHbre nojioKeHiis (npaBO na no.iHOiieHHoe 
MCiiHUKHCKoe oScjiyiKHBaHHe, npaBO na Hcno.iHeHHc 
pejiHr)i03Hbixo6pii;ioB. 3anpeTKaHaKa3aHK)ixo.io30M ii 
ro.ioziOM H jp.) npHMeHHMu k ji)o6biM laiuiio^eHHbiM. 
BbixojHT, HKyro.TOBKHKaM?HenoHflTHbiejiioaH, OaHo 

CjIOBO - npaB03atIlHTHHKH. 

H Kaow noao6Hoe sacTynHHHccTBo cxoan-no 3thim 
S.iawcHHMM c pyK! Ho KpoMe rex iieMHorHx. kto smmf- 
pnpOBa.1. noiTH Bce ohh h cawH ~ 6yayiUHe jiarepHHKn 



-KAPTA' M 3e-U 2004 



^ N3 XCTDPtm MHAKDMblCANSl 



175 



luiH ccujibHbie. H C03HaBa;iii BCiib npcKpacHo, icyjia 
npiiBsjiyT iix 3TH <(X>ao)t!ecTBa)>. Mto hc. kbk rosopHTCS. 
noaejiOM Bopy MyKa. 

fla y* He paccmrrbiBa.iii jih ohh Ha S.iarojapHOCTi. 
noTOMKoa?EcJinTaK, To»cHiHb/KecTOKonocMeaJiact.Haji 
MX Haae«flaMH. Kto b coapevieHHofl Pocchh hc npotuiH- 
Haer «iiepbMOKp3T0B»-pe(t)DpMaTopoB. paisajiMBiuHX 

C0103 H palOpHBUIHX BeJIHKJIO CTpaHy?! 

Hy, jia HTO raaaTb noHanpacHj o MOTHsax Bbiciyn- 

JTCHHfi 3THX rOpe-nOj1MTl!KOB. KCnopTllBUIHX >KH3Hb H 

caMKU ce6e. a b irrore - k Bcefi CTpane'' riepecTpejiHTb 
TaKHX Ma.io! BbiBepHyrw m. HenoHSTHbifl Hapoa! H hto 
y>K cooccM nopa3MTej]bHO, hc see npaBoaauixTHMKH - 
eapeii. 

'^moMa)icHoomeemumbHa3muo6suHenua?npeDic- 
de «ce^o. kok 6bi sHympeHHe hu omHocinucb npaeaia- 
uiumHUKU K crmemcKOU U-unepuv. -iapaciiad CCCP ohu 
He ebicmynaiu. Ma, ohu eo3paJ<civiu npomue eoneHuu na 
«Haiiuonaioen u cenapamucmoe, no eedb e KoHcmumy- 
ijuu u I936i~., u I97~ r. 3a KOMcdou coioiHou pecny6.iu- 
KounpujHaeenoch«npasoceo6odHO€06btxodau3CCCP». 
Ciedoeame.ibHO. MupHtie ettcmymeHux 3a Heiaeucu- 
.»ocmb(nie.M5a.iee-3aK}-jbmypiiyK}aemoHa^tuiofHe.ib3}i 
6bL70 cyumamb npecmymenueM u Kapamb ypo.toeno. 
Kcmamv. ^aiifuma duccudeHmaMU 3aK0HHbix npae .vup- 
Hbix «Haiiuonaioe» oSbeKmusHo .voe.ia 6w c.wt^vumb 
ifKHtnpoQeJKHbie meiidettifuu e pecny&iuKox. H nanpo- 
mue, jtcecmoKue 11 MHo^o.iemmie npeciedcmaHUM cmo- 
poHHUKoe hyibmypHou aemoHo.vuu (nanpuMep. na Vk- 
panne) peaibHO ycu-iueaiu cenapamucmcKue Hocmpoe- 
Hwt. Ho noHa\iy-mo hukiho He d<Kada.7c>i o6auHumb KFE 
(wiu Andponoea) e mav. tmo csotivu aKiiunvu ohu 
cnocodcmeoeaiu payaaiy CoeemcKO<-o Coio3a. 

CoeepmeHHo neienti pacxoM'ue o69UHeHUH npaao- 
sauiumnaKoe. nmo cocjiacnoux pei4enma\4 u peKo.\teuda- 
t4uiL\ieHaiueucmpaHe3aiy6.ieHdocmpaueaeuiuucii.eom- 
eom aaac/mueueutuu 6bi ecex nac coiiuaiucmuuecKuu 
pau, nod.veHeHHbiu SMU^ BeiMcaiocmHbLM eo.^•^bu.u Ka- 
numaiu3.»0M. Upeovde ece^o. maKux peiienmos aoo6u4e 
He cyufecmeoaaio. fljtaHoe JKonauwiecKoea nepeycm- 
poucmea cmpanu npaeosauiumuuKU no cyuiecmey u ne 
npedna2a.iu. CoeemcKon jkohomuko pyxny.ia caua, 
npejicde sce^o nod nenomLibHoi maxcecmbio pacxodoe 
Ha «o6opoHKys. A moKxe u3-3aMaHuaKiLJbH0^ocmpe.M- 
jienta KFICC k eneuAneii yKcnancuu. pacnpocmpaHetiuio 
Ha ece Hoetie cmpaHbi u KOnmuHenmbi ceoeu e.iacmu u 
situiHUJt la eedb la smo moJtce npuxodu-wcb mamunib u 
niamunib'.). He nadosadbieamb u o moM. nmo nemo.ibKo 
eHoeeuuiim, ho eufe e BpeDKueecKUe epe.Mena 3KonavuKa 
CCCP depMcaiacb r.wenbLV odpaio.u na HeipmiiHou mpy- 
6e. HU JKcnopme houiux npupodnbix oocamane. B Kpaxe 
coaemcKou jkohomuku npucymcmuoBoj, paiyMeemcH. u 
tfie-ioeetecKuu (jiaKmopv. ho a ocHoee eio 6bLiu ne Vbu- 
mo oiuuSku u npocnembi, a oSbeKmuenbie saKOHO.vepHo- 
cmu. npu 3moM HUKmo us eo3HUKUiux ciosho U3 neobi- 
muK u ecmaauiux y py.m omeiecmeeHHbix nyeopuiueu 
C-fy6auc. Eepe3oecKuu. rycuHCKUU u dp.) HUKOsda ne 
npUHad.iejKcii k Kpy^y duccvdeHmoe. 



Wmo 3Ke Kacaemcx inoeoHeMHo?oeo, k teMy u anpas- 
dy cmpeMu.iucb npaeoJaufumHUKU u unto deucmeume-ib- 
HO ocymecmeiLWCb e .'odw »nepecmpouKU» u petf)op.\i ... 
» xo-iy ceiiiac nped.iojKuntb Humamejio mecm u cnpo- 
cumb e^o: KUKue U3 loeaifuu. omeetaeuiux mpeooeanu- 
OM duccvdenmoti, 6bLiu HenyMrnbi.MuuiuepetiHbL'nu, uux 
nojmo.uy aiedyem nocKopee om.\ienumb? 

HmaK. xomeju 6bi ebi. tumamejb. eoccmanoeumb 
6-10 cmambH) "dpejicneacKoua KuHvmunnyuu. omdae 
onsmb KastvyHucmav a6caiiomnyio u 6ecK{)nmpaibHyto 
Aiacmb u 3anpemu8 ece nponue napmuu? Xomenu 6bi sw 
eepnymb i/abiOopbi 6e3 Bbidopoen c eduHcmeemibi.v nxie- 
He.u a ii3onpame.ibno.v 6io.-i.icmeHe. sapanee nodo6paH- 
Ho.u u ymaepJKdeHHOM ece menu ore Ko.u.xiyHUcmavu? 
Xomeiu 6bi sbi eoccmanoeumb DtcecmKyio udeo-ioeunec- 
K}'io neNjypyecex easem. Dtcypnaioe u Knm. paduo u TV? 
Cnoea nauamb npeciedoeanust la UHOKaubiaiue. laaio- 
eo u dojtce 3a aneKdoirtbi? BojpodumbeotieHwt «3a aepys ? 
C.iedyem .lu sacnamb o6pamno e pesepeaifuu Kpti.MCKux 
mamap u nponia iHypox/i? H.iu. Moaicem obimti, sw 6w 
xomeju. tmo6bi eo3MOJKHocmb noexamb 3a ppanuify 
jaeucejia om 6.iaeoeo.ieHun KFB u cou3eo.ieHusi «mpey- 
^onbHUKQH fm. e. orvtmb e nepeym ouepedb - napmKO.ua/7 
U ebiciyuiueamb neped noeidKou uiicmpyKmoDK o no.iu- 
mutecKou 6dume.ibHocmu u o eoitecKia npoeoKaiiUxx. 
na Komopbie ^opa3dbi ece jmu "UMnepuaiucmbiii? M 
examb ne KaKtacmnoe JUt{o. nu-HU. ae cocmaeecpynnbi. 
u Kmo-mo U3 imux odno.-'pynnnuKoe 6ydem aiedu/nb 30 
ATOKdw-w eaiuuM ujot-axi u doKiadbieamb nomoM "xyda 
HadO"? Coc.wcHbi ju sbi onumb 3anupamh e ncuxywKii 
ciuiuKOM yrpuMbix unaKOMbic.wufUX? Xomume jju abi 
onjimb Bceeo jmoco?! 

...Mne Ka3aiucb oieeudnbiMU omeentbi na jmu eon- 
pocH. Eojtce. do le^o Jtce e onepedHou pas » 0Ka3(ucx 
HaueHhLv' S anpe-is 2O03 ?., eo epeMM mejenepedatu, 
noceitineHnau onepednov ^odotmiune uiopanun Bpeoic- 
neea na nocm FeHepajbiioeo cenpemupR UKKfTCC. 6ba 
npoeeden m&v^o««ww onpoc 3pume.ieu. tt imo Mce? 
86% uj HecKO.UKUx mucMH npuHUBiuux ytacmue a 
onpoce nauiux coepoMcOan Mee.ia.iu 6bi sojepama e 
dpexcueacKue spcMena.' f} nontvuaio. uma oaibmun- 
cmeo coecsM hq o6H3ame.ibHO OKaibieacmcn npaetiM. 
'imopesy.ibmam onpocasbipaoKaem npexde ece3o npo- 
mecm npomue ^opbxux pea.iuu ce^o^wlu^ne^o dnn. Qmo 
MHoeue U3 Haiouiux auiBpama e coeemcuue epe.veHa 
CKopo^opbKO 6bi no3ica.ie.iu. ocyu(ecmeucbecavo.v dene 
dmouxxe.ianue. flocsacmbK}. ucmopun. dajtcenoeopa- 
tuean ecnamb, ne noemopHemai no.inocmbio. Ho rcho 
Mwe u dpysoe: a Poccuu npaeo3au4umnuKy, omivtUKaio- 
ufCMycji na lyxyio 6o.ib u comoeoMV nibimb na 3oe ne 
mo.ibKO "ceouxH. ho u i}mcux oineu, naebipyiky nonae- 
aiux a 6edy uautux coomeiecmeeHnuKue. eu^e Oojieo 6y- 
dem y^omoaana cydbSa »e'^HO^o omuteneuna. 

AoHb no/iHT3aicmoHeHHoro 

KpMMCKHC Taraphi. <iHauHOKa;iu)>. Otk33hiikh. 
«ncHXHi). KpejiiiriioiHHKHH. npaBOiamirmHKH. Bcex bthx 
onno3HUHOHepoB pa3Hbix BiriixjioB h ycrpeMiieHHit co- 



*Wi> kini org 



17B 



4 113 ttCTflPHN NHAKDMblCJUtn 



BCTCKaa (DeMt^na HHTerpHpOBajia Kaic waHTHcoBeTHHKOBi) 
n uieapo nepece.ijijia Ha paiopocaHHue iioBcioa>' ocTpo- 
sa «apitHnejTara rVJlAr». nepeceKanci. h BCTpenaacb 
apyr c apyroM b "noptMax h .larepsx, noB(i5anHwe o6[iieH 

Cyjt.60fi > 3H11Kil CTa.lH OCOlHaBBTb Ce6n KaK HCKJ'IO o6iu- 

HoCTb. Pa3 HiiKTO in HHX He npH6era;i k HacK-iHio. He 
coBepmau iihk3kkx yrojioBHbix npeCTyiuieHiili, pas B.ia- 
CTH npecjieijyioT hx bccx HCXjiiciHTejibHO no waeojiorH- 
necKHM. no;iHiiiHecKH!u motmbsm. sHaKHTOHii - no;iHT- 

iaK.lKIMeHHl.ie. HtO. >fTO npOHCXOZlH.10 C HKMHSTIOpb- 

Max H Jiarepax, ciajio no cnpaBeiuiHBocTii ciep^HeBoR 

TCMOtiwXpOHHKMJ). 

CoBeTCKax nponaraHjia He npioHasajia cyiuecTBO- 

BaHHS B CCCP (inOJlHTKHeCKHXil aatJIIOHeHHblX. no3To- 

My Hx coaepwa-TH bmcctc c yro;iOBHMi:aMH: tcx, kofo 
npHSHaaaJiM oco6oonacHWMH, - b nopbMax. crporHx h 
oco6b[x Jiarepsx. ocTajibHwx - b o6mHx h ycmieHHbix. 
Ctoht TOJibKo oTMeTHTb, HTO nojiHTjaKJiKmeHHue 5ojiee 
jierKofl KaTcropHH. OT^UBaii HaMHoro MeHbuiHC cpoKa h 
Ha^oancb B Mewee cypoBUX pe)f(HMHwx n obiioBwx ycno- 
BHRx. npe6b[Ban[i see BpeMn b oKpyxeniiH yrojiOBKHKOB 
(he B KaxdOM H3 .larepeK oQuiero pexnua coiiep)Ka,ioi 
xoTJi 6u oaHH no;iHT3aK;TKJ4eHHbifl). A b cyporHx jiarc- 

PHK H TtOpbMaX nOJlirn3KH COCTaBJIlUlM SHaiMTeJlbKblfl 

npoucKT, H no3T0My p)i;ioM c nojiinysHHKOM nocTOHHHO 
6u;io HCMajio jiK>aeft, Gjihikhx eMy no iiyxy. BeposTHO, 
no3TOMy jiBHmeHHe 3a crsxyc naiifTiaK.iioieHHoro 
sapoflKfiocb HMeHHO cpejiH no;iHTy3HHKOB cTpororo pe- 

WHMa. 

Bee Haiajiocb a MopjoaiiH b 1 974 r. BcTpeTHBuiHCb 

((HaSo.lbHHHKe)). npaB03aiUI1THIIKKpOHHilJIlo6apCKHflH 

KcaMOMTHHK)) AjiCKcefl MypwcHKO, neperoBopiiB apyr 
c iipyroM, ycjioBiuTHCb: npoBoaMTb eateroaho 30 oirrJiSpH 
JltHf> nojiHT3aK.iio<ieHHoro b CCCP. Haeti 6bU3a noa- 
XBaieHa b jiarepsx, cooSiucHa Ha bo.ik). 30 0KTa6p« 1 974 
r. Ha npecc-KOH(t>epeHUMH Ha xaapTHpe A. Jl. Caxaposa 
jariaaiibiM KoppecnoHaenraM 6bmo paccKasano o6 yrotk 
HHHUHaTHBc yiHHKOB MOpaoBCKHX H ficpMCKHx -larepefl. 
KOTOpbie B 3T0T acHb npoBoaHiiH roaoflOBKy. Cpean hx 
TpeSoBaHHfi: npHSHaTbCTaryT noaHnaioiiOMeHHoroiOT- 
aeaMTb mx ot BoeHHWx npeciynHHKOB h yro.ioBHHKOB: 
oTMCHHTb rrpHHyjiiTeabHuH Tpya h HaKasaHHn 3a HCBbi- 
noaneHHe KOpvibi: OTMeHHTborpaHHMeMHJi e nepenHCKc, 
nocbiJTKax H nepeaaiax h psia apymx. KoppecnowaeH- 
TaM 6biaH nepeaanu nncbMa » laiiBJieHiui noaHT3aK:iio- 
feHHbix. TattHo nepecaaHKue k3 .larepefl. 

BjiacTH 6bi,iH B36«meHb] raKofi HHnuHarMBofl «no- 
ntmiHecKHXs. K, JIio6apcKHfi Sm-i ao KOHitacpoKa nepe- 
seacH BO BaanHMHpcKvio iropbiny. C. KoBa;ieB. oawH H3 
opraHH3aTopoB npecc-KOH^epenuHH 30 OKTsSpji, 6bJJi 
BCKope apecToeaH h ocy^aeM. Ebtat^ HaxaiaHbi ti MHorHe 
apyrwe >'HacTHHKH aKiwH. Ho fleHt no.-iimaKaio'ieHHo- 
ro c Tex nop eateroaHo oxMeia^icH roaoaOBKaMw ii npo- 
TCCTaMH B .narepflx, a wa bo.tc npecc-KOHt^peHiuix 30 
OKTJlSpH CTaaaTpaaHUHOHHofi. 

...JlHCTaiO CipaHHUbl "XpOHHKH". He CTOHT CHOBa 

nepeiHcasTb fiecHHcaeHHue CBMaerejibCTBa o roaojie h 
xojioae, uapHBiuMx b cobctckhx noptiwax u .larepHv, - 
ceroflHH 3T0 o6men3BecTHo. npHBeayavHuieHecKoabKO 



«MeaKHX)>,iacTHUxnpHMepoBH3pa3HbixBunycKOB6K);i- 
aereHfl. EbiTb MO»:eT, ohh noMorjT VHTaTeaK) no'ivB- 
CTBOBaTb aTM0C(})epy hoctoshhux npHTecHeHHil «noan- 
THiecKHXii aaMHHiicTpauHefi HTY h hx Sopboy 3a cboh 
npasa h KejioeeHeCKOe aocrOHHCTBO, 

...B MopaoBCKOM aarepe y xyaoiKKHUbi Cre4)aHHH 
UIa5aTypa oTo6paaH h co)Krjiii 1 50 ee pwcyHKOS. B 3HaK 
npoTCCia OHa 0TKa3a.iacb ot paooru. Toraa ee Ha noaro- 
oa noMecTiwH B OKT. C. lila6aT\'pa o6bHBH.ia roaoaoB- 
Ky H jepjsa-iaee 12 awefi. 

... y r. CyneptfiKHa bo BaaaHMitpcKoR xiopbMe 
oTDopa-iH Bti6jiHto. Oh o6ii)ibiui ronoaoBKy k aepvuan ee 
33 una. ripoKypop BaaaHMHpcuofi ooaaciH iieilctBHi; 
aaMHHHCTpau)iH npH3Haji npaBOMepHMMii. ... C Man 
1976 r. jaiunoieHHUM bo BaaaHMHpe paipeuitLiH ho- 
cHTb KpecTu, a ao stoto y MHorHx HaxeatHbie Kpecrbi 
OT^HpaaHCb. ... yiO. ByaKHHj-bsaHeBpetiCKHiipeaHrH- 
oiHufl KajieHnapb. 

... VKpaHHuy B. <t>eaopeHKo bo BjiaaHMiipcKol^ 
TK)pbMe. HaacB HapyHHHKH. c6piuiH ycbi. . . . BancHTiiHj 
Mop03y Ha cBiuaHHH c cuhom 3anpeTiLiH roBopHTb no- 
yKpanHCKH. ...riHCbMa poaHUM. HanHcaHHbie no-yh'pa- 
HHCKH. saaepiKHBaiOTCH B uemype ao Mecniia «H3-3a 
Heo6xoaHMOCTH HX nepCBoaaw. {«nHUiHTe na pyccKOM, 
KaK Bce HopMaabHbie aioaHB, - oTBenaei na «a-io6u 
ajMHWHcrpauKJi). A 25-aeTHHK n. FlayaaftTHC. 73 aex, b 
MopaoBCKHx aarepax ({laicTHHecKH aHiueH nepenncKH, 
T.K. cpeaw aarepHbix ueHsopoB neT nepcBoaHHKa c aw- 
TOBCKOro. (Bhtmb MOJKem. jmu npuvepti cOejaiom no- 
HUTUHgu lumamejiio odtio us mpeoosauuu nanurroaKHo- 
HSHHux: om6aeamb HOKaiaHue e npedeiax «ceoeu" pec- 
ny&iuKu). 

...Koraa cobctckhc eyau buhocht nnojiMTHnec- 
KHM» cypOBbre npHroeopbi, KOraa b TKDpbwax h aarepnx 
aaMHHHCTpauHfl co3aaeT aan hhx HeBbiHoctiMbie ycao- 

BtlH. ITO M0>KHO XOm 6bl O&bBCHHTb TCU. HTO TaKOBa 

4iyHKixH5i 3THX saseaeHHti. Ho Koraa k 3thm roHCHHfiu 
nocajuiHO npHcoeaHHHioTCJi coTpyaHHKH Hay^Hwx vh- 
pe}«aeHHfi...BbicmafiaTTecTau>fOHHanKOMHCCH!9(BAK) 
aHuiaer cTeneHH KaHaxaara ifMSHKO-MaTeMaTHMecKHX 
HayK K. JlK)6apcKoro i<H3-3a ero aHTHnaxpHOTHiecKOfi 
acHTeabHOCTHH. H raKoe pemeHHe ne 6biao HCKatoieHH- 
eM. BpasHoe apeMN 3Ta«no'iTeHHaB» KOMHCCHxaHiiiHaa 
HayMHbix CTenenefi A. EoaoHKHHa. B. jlHCOBoro. T. ily- 
6oBa, Jl. Boropaa. BnponeM. see paano SbiBtune noawT- 
saicatOHeHHbte - h ;iHmeHHue. h hc aHUieKHue cxeneHefi 
H 3BaHHfi. — noiTH HC nonvCKaaHCb k KBaaii<j>HUHpOBaH- 
hoR pa6oTe no cneiuianbHOCTK. CioeoM. 3mo lavma- 
meibMoe HayuHanue nponaio noimu imo emyne. A eedb 
cmouiocaece-Viymo-tymbeeodopadomamb. umoeda.., 
UpedcmaetLv: eocydapcmseHHoeo npecmyiHUKa nuiua- 
lom He mo.ibKO yteHoii cmenetiu. ho u ebicuteeo, » cped- 
Hezo. u HiPiaibHO€0 odpaioeoHUR. Kmo on mo^^a ma- 
Kov? - Ht^poMomHUtt! H ecnu 3a ppoHutieu edpys nai- 
Hemca uty.M. nanpuMep. no noeody KaKO^o■Hu6y^b ebic- 
mvnieHUX OKodeMUKa A. Caxapoea. KOMnemenmHbie 
opeaHbi c ntxiHbLM npa60M MOS.1U Sw laxeumb: xKoeoabi, 
^ocnoda. aiyuaeme? C kcu xKiuaemecb? Oh eedb ne- 
epavomHbiu!* A yoK e .laeepxx momcho 6bLio 6n om6u- 



■KAPTA' W3SJ0 2034 



^ M3 N^IOPNI NHAKOMblCJimi 



177 



pamb y «nmumuHecKux>t dy-MO^y u nucb.ueniibie 
npuna6.ie3Knocmu: lateM onu um. ecjiu ohu crutouih 

HB^pauomHhie? ! 

BjblCKaHHJI.«nOCTaHOBJieHHJl)MipHJHpKH...3ajiefi- 

CTBHTe.ibHue H la mhhmuc nperpeiucHXH. a to h la 

coBCpuieHHefiuiHe mcioih: 3a HapyiueHHe iJiopMw ojiew- 
jlbi (HesacxerHyraH nyroBHua), 3a oroaaaHHe Ha pasaoji 
HUH 3a HesunojiHeHiie HopMbr. Ohh cbiiuiioTCH Ha nujitrr- 
aaKJiioMeHHoro nocTOHWHo, ho oco6enHO rycTO - repea 

KOHllOM CpOKa. H BCTpeHHUe JieflCTBHfl; 3aHB.ieHHH H 

>Kano6i>i npoK>'popy h bo Bce MuciiiMbie iiKCTaHUHH, 
OTKyaa noHTH Bcerna oTBenaioT, hto iietfCTBiix aaMHHH- 
CTpauHH 6bijiii npaBtuibHUMH h oSochobbhhumh. «J\e- 
Banti nepecujiKa rex jkc lajiBJiCHUft Ha bo.iio. nocTOHHHo 
HpeBaTan nposaJioM. ATorzia-llJM30, riKT, nepeaoiiB 
«KpuTKy)>. TaKosa JiarepHas »(K3Hb. 

Ho B KOHUe 70-X y'3H[1KK COBCCTH 3Ha.lH, HTO OHH HC 
OUHHOKH. MtO HX nOJUepjKHBaiOT, 33 HHX 6oplOTC>l apy- 

3bji M eaHHOMbiuuieHHHKH Ha BO.ie. 4to tom, mto npo- 

HCXOflHTC HHMH, HOCTOJiHHO nHUICT "XpOHHKEM, HtO B 

Hx sauiHTy oTKpbiTO Bbiei>naioT He To;ibKO MHome co- 
OTenecTBeHNHKH, ho h sapySeacHbie rpaaojamHTHbie 
opraHusauHH. ^JO aa^e rTpe3HjeKTi>] m iJieKU napjra- 
MeKTOB psjia crpaH nopofi BupaxcaKiT ofiecnoKoeHHOCTb 
HX cyjib6ofl, 

...OceHbK) 1982 s. a omckom .laeepe yX-16'S n 
no.i}niujKopomKyiome.ieepa'uMyujKyu6bime8a:''Tpud- 
i{ambLU oKmnopn. - Jlmdar. H xoma HUKO^o s jmoM 
^opode R He wai. cmnc? npueemcmeun .une, no.iumsaK- 
.iioieHHauy. 6hu coeepuieino acen. Tpu ciosa moi 
deneuiu cmatu dw .wcfM dopoeou Hoapadou. Kqk sdopo- 
eo, HmoJIio6au3Kyu6biuesa3HaemunoMHumo6oMHe. 
Htno ona xoiem mshh nodOepoKantb'. 

HaeepHo. J> nuKO?da Hey3Ha}0 u HeyeuMcy DtceHimi- 
m>. npuciasiuyK Mae my me.ie^pa\Lviy. Ho u ceeodnH, 
cnycntu deadiiambjem, m cnpujHame.ibHocmbio ecnavu- 
naio ee mpo?ame.-ii,Hoeno:idpaajtenue. CnactiBo om ece^o 
cepdiia, neuieecmHox mhc Jlio6a! Hadeiocb. umo Bauia 
ycu3Hb dODKU-iacb CHQcmjiuea. fmo Bbi u ceu'Jac moKOfi 
ace om3ti6't ueati u doSpcui! 

... B KOHue 70-x Mne He pa3 cjiyHanocb SuBart na 
pa3Hbix npaB03aLUHTHUx npecc-KOHiJiepeHUHax.a nopofi 
H cawoMy npHHHMaib b hhx HCKOTopoe ynacTHe. Ohh 
ciiiiJiHCb Me*.iy co6oti b Moefl nawiiTH, h h we Mory 
npHnoMHiiTbnoapo6HOCTH 100,410 npoKoaHjra Ha Ksap- 
THpe A. CaxapoBa 30 OKmSps 1979 r. Ona fibijia nocaa- 
mCHa JX»to no.iHnaiiJiiOHeHHoro, h npOBo.i)i.ia ee Tans 
BejiiiKaHOBa. Mor an n a toi momcht iTpc:iCTaBHTb, iio 

MbiyBHflHMCHCH0BaiOJIl.KOHepe3CeMbC.1HmHHM;ieT?! 

Xopouio noMHio iipyroe. Jlea jihh cnyciH Mopo3- 
Hi.ru BeiepoM fl Bbimeji H3 CBoero noma, 'iTo6bi no3BO- 
HHTb Tare no y.iHHHOwy aeiOMaiy (KBapTHpHufi le.ie- 
<t)OH y Hac 5bLi oiioiioHeH). Tpy6Ky «Ha KpacHKOBa» 
CH^a fO.iB, TaHHHa aoMKa. Ohb CK3ia.ia necKOjibKO 
CJTOB, H Bap>T H 6oaHy,i ro.ioBOfi ctckjio Te-ie(|)OHHOfl 
fiyjiKH, CJ108H0 KTO-TO yaapujT MeHJinoajioweKicy; ctck- 
jio BWCKOMHJIO 113 CTCHKH H CO 3BOHOM pailCTCJlOCb HB 

lacTH. ^MepiaBuw! KaK ohh nocMCJiHl - 3aKpH<iaji n b 

Tpy6Ky . - Koraa. KaK 3T0 c;iyMn;iocb?>i 



Hto lenepb jienaib? BccctuibHasi npocib oyuiKJia 
MeKH. JlycjibimajiyTKacHyfo HOBOCTb: TaHio. HaiuyTaHJO 

apecioBajiHceroaHHUiHHM \TpoM. 

ApecTOBaHa TaibRHa Be/iMKaHoeal 

H3 «XpoHHKH Jfi 54: / HosSpx [1979 ^.J ...seue- 

mucb cepynnou U3 •tembipex ie.toeeKHa Ksapmupy Be.iu- 
KaHoeuun eocbMOM Hacv vmpa ...Kanaee [aiedoeame.ib 
YKFE] oohnem Be.-iUK-aHoeou. umo oho dmoicHa no- 
exantb «Ha 6ecedy» u nped.ioyaa eu lodembCH nomen- 
^ee». ... Ha mpedoeanue npedi^eumb coomeemcmsyio- 
Ufee nocmahoe.ieHue Kanaee omaemu.1: «MooKeme csu- 
mamb jmo HatutM npou3eaiauii. 

[KoBdaBe.iuKaHosyyee.iii] ... Kanaee npeditHeuji 
B.iaduMupy u fOiuu Keudan [sunDo u Oovepu TairtbHHbi 
KiuxawiMHbi] nocmaHoe.ienue 06 o6hiCKe. ... Cpedu 
ujbUmoiO: 

- dOKy.MeHiribt MocKoecKOu ep^-nnbi fXe.itcuHKUo. 
I MH(f)op.'uaifuohHbiu Bio.viemeHb'' PaGoneu ko.muccuu no 
ncuxuampuu. usdanun adeeHmucmm, 6pouiiap\A hoju- 
moecKOM njbiKe... 

- dodj-HCMffiw M uiKpop.uaiiUOHHbie meKcmbi cy- 
de6tibix npoi/eccwc u no.70M'envu soKjiioieuubix... 

- sapydeoHTHbie pyccKue ecaembi u jKypnafti... 

- cdopHUK aoeecmeu M. ByjieoKoea («/ibsaaiuada» 
a dp. ). 

B.iadu.vup u K).iwi Keudan ... nodnucamt npomo- 
Kai orriKasaiucb ...noieoHue [nocie okohmohhk o6hicKa 
no ocmas.ieHHO.vy Kanaeehi.u me.ie(ponyJ, ohu do6u.ivCb 
maibKO nodmeepMrdeHUfi rpaKma apecma [T. B&iuxaHO- 

80UJ. 

He OUHH s 6biji noTpaccH TaHHHWM apecioM. B ee 
jauiHTV (a TaKiKC b laiuHTy apecTOBaHHWx hohth oawo- 
BpcMCHHO A. TepjixuKaca 1^3 BHJibHioca k CBHUieHHHKa 
r. flKyHHHa) cpasy jkc BbicT\nH.Ta MocKOBCKan rpynna 
«XejTbCHHKH>>, cnycTfl Heaejiio-JlHTOBCKaflXejibcuHKc- 
xafl rpynna. CnenoM - KaTO.iHiecKHfi KOMHTei 3auiHTbi 
npas aepyioiUHX, 3aTeM - 35 cBsmeHHHKOB JIhtbu, 8 
rpawjiaH 3ctohhh. C oSpameHHCM k MewjynapojHWM 
wcHCKHM opraHH3auHfiM BWCTynHJiH aecoTb mockobc- 
KHX npaBosauiHTHHU. B acKaSpe b Mockbc obiJi o6pa30- 
aan KoMHT«T3aiiiHTbiTaTbHHbi BejiHKaHOBoJi: BHero 
bouhh: J\. Eoropa3, E. BoHHsp. C, KaiJiiicrpaTOBa, 
Jl. Kone.iea. A. Jlaayr h JT. TepHOBCKHif. Komhtctcoom- 
pa^i H pacrpocTpaH!i;i bcio nocrynHyio HH(|)opMauxK) 
ne^e T. BejiHk-aHOBOfl. ny5nnKys ee b cneunajibHux 
SKDJUiereHflX. B aeyx ero HOMepax nOMeiueHo 27 niiceM 
B 3amHTy Be^iHKaHOBoil. KOTopue noanHeajio nomH 500 
fe-TOBCK. noHCMy *e apeci Tbhh, MareMaiiiKa-npo- 
rpaMMHCia no npotJieccHH h noiBHiKHHiibi no c\th h no 

npH3BaHHK). Tax B3B0..1HOBa:i CTDJlt. MHOrHK? BOT OTpUB- 

KH H3 onHoro H3 HHceM B ee 3aiUHTy: 

Alw nompuceHbi apecmav TambXHbi MuxaHioenbi 
BciUKanoeou. Bce decnmb c .iumhum .lem ec ysacmuM a 
6opb6e 30 npaea fCioeeKa dmoro .uomcuo on.io Dtcdamb 
e.iKi6yK>.\tuHymy... H0KmaK0.\f}'He.ib3nnpvebiHHymb. ... 
To, He-voKu-ia TambKHaBe.1uKaH0ea3mudecfimb.1em ... 
jmo—padoma. mnycKui mpyd. c e.-iH-edue^Hhi.\i. e.vceiac- 
Hw.w "Hado", npiiKa3aHiihi.v coeecmbH?. 



WW* kwtiorg 



171 



^ 113 NGTOPNN HHAKDMblCJlNII 



HadonpuHnmbuebiciyiuambdecftmKu.iiodeu. npo- 
tumartit, nuch-MO u -ianucKu ...cndpamb. cnxpauumt, imu 
coo6u(eHWi ...HodoecmpemumbCH inucnucamboicmeMU. 
Kmo na\tojKem 3my copy cj>aKmoe npoeepunjb. conoc- 
maaumb, ymouHumi,. •irno6bi ne 6bi.ia u c,^oBa nenpaodbi. 
Kmo iianuwem. nepenetamoem. u Hadoyitmu om cjcdk- 
Ku ...•imo6bi y6epeHbdpy3ei u ux ceMbu. Hmocdacoeep- 
wuameecR cmaHem dvcmonHueM e^acHOcmu, na/iywam 
noMoinb frxejbcuHKUbiii uiu komuccuh no 6opb6e c 
B-ioynompediemuLuu ncuxuampueii. ...HKavy-mojeetie 
cmaHem ommoeo yjKre, imo eeo 6ojib unu eeo doptoa 
ujtecmHbi .iiodsLM . . . 

...BKa6uHemaxJly6RHKUCbiUfUKUU3Kcnepmbi ...He 
avocym ombicKamb hu cioea meeembi ...u see paeno 
januuiyin ee e npiLiosop ... u dooaexm - ac ifaibio 
nodptiea u ociadjeHWto. 

... Caudeme.ibcmeye.M: «noOpbie Aiacmux - ane 
KpyeanoHnmuii. 6.iu3kvx T. BejuKOHoeoii. a ecjiu «.iacmb 
ocia&iaemcn omrtio^o, into o neu yjuaiom Henpu&iHd- 
Hyio npaedy, mo kobo e smo.v euHumb? 

Kopbicmb? Codupas ympoM I Hondpii .»amt> e 
do.ic'uu apecmuHmcKuu nymti. lO.iuii KnitduH c mpydix^i 
HacKpe6.ia e do.ve so nmo eu odembcx: Boda.vu eude.iu 
WH ee « odno.u u mau xe noHoutenHa\t, xawdnau 
naibmo. 

C.iaea? Tamb«na MuxawiosHa - lenoseK. ucno.i- 
HeHHbiu npocmomhi. conemaiomeucit c c.iy6oKu.v eiiym- 
peHHuv docmouHcmeoM. ne Hyjicdaiou4UMCJi e ampu6y- 
max npuinaHtot. 

...HuBe.iuKOHOsa.HuOeuDKeHuesanpaea'iejoeeKa 
e ^ciO-v He 3Haiom hukokux «3adaHUUn, hukokux «3apy^ 
dejKHbtx iicHmpoe". Ecmb Opy3bn u eduHo.uuutieHHUKU. 
cpedu Hux/J. rpucopeHKO.JI. AieKceeea, A. ruH36yp2, B. 
Waiudie. A*. Jlio6apcKuu. E. flHKe.ieeui. 3(p(peKmueHO 
no.voeaiouiue [n3-3a pyoema] meM. xmo sdecb. ece meM 
3Ke opyxcucM - ^.lacHocmbio... 

[TaTMHaBejiHKaHOBa] . uimex. Kmoy.»eemycibi- 
utamb lyjKyio oo.ib u ynuDKenue ...y koco ifUHUiHoe 
6e33aKOHue abiibieaem ne napcLiwi cmpaxa. a aam k 
npomuBodeucmttuK). ..B imom mpyd oiia aueaia u ceou 
maianm uccjedoeame.in (".vame-vamuKou 3au'nycb e 
Ka.Mepe» - ne pa3 wymiLia ona), u MrumeucKyio .vyd- 
pocmb. u 6e3yKopu3iienHyio lecmuocmb. 

...Oho e no.iHoii .uepe 3aaiyjicu.ia, 'tmodbi mtiaiMU 
jiiodeu e imoii cmpane u 3a ee npede.taitu nompedoeaiu: 

kCBOBOJY TA TbHHE BEJHKAHOBOii:» 

ToJltKO nOil OilHHM 3TIIM nilCbMOU nojiRdcajiocb 
392 He.ioBeKa. AsTopbi HCKOTopux niiccM HanoMHH^iii 
o TOM. HTO T. BejiHKaHOBa CTOs.ia y caMtix hctokob 
npaBOsauiHTHOro nBHweicKR. 6u;ia oaHttM h? ocHoeare- 
jiejt HHiiuHaTiiBHonrpynnbi. HTOB 1974r. OHa(BMecTe 
C C. KOBMCfitrM II T. XojOpOBlll) OTKpWTO Bifuia Ha 
ce6>i oTBCTCTBeHHOCTb 3a pacnpocTpaHCHHe boioohob- 
jicHHofi «XpoHHKH)). Mhofhc noiiHepKHBajm TaHHHy ec- 
TeCTBCHHOCTb H HpaBCTSCHHyK) BblCOTV'. cc OTBpaiueHHe 

KoacHMecKofl nnojiHTHKe», jTHHecKyro MOTMBaumo Bcex 
ee nocTynKOB. OrjejitHO b ee lauiHTy BbicTynHJiii A. 
CaxapoB v\ E. BoHH3p. 4»iJioco<t> P. IIOMepaHu, nncare- 

JIH r. B.iajHMOB H B. BoilHOBHH. KOHCHKO. H H HG MOf 



npoMOJiHaTb, Koraa TaHio, Moero jipyra. 6pocaiOT b Jle- 
4)OpT0BO. /IjiH MCHH Ohino HecoMHeHHO. kTO ee cxaamiL-iu 
nomaMy.tmo&iacmu.depDKauieucuHanoeaibHaMcmpa- 
xe u oeaime.iou JiOKU, Hecmepnwn ne-toeeK. ue daiouiuu 
cedx sanycamb u coeoptntfuii npaedy. Ec apecT, coeep- 
UieHHO 3aK0H0MepHblH H HCHsCeiKHblH npM uapHBiiieM e 
CCCP 6e33aK0HHH, 6biJi OTToro He MCHse HecnpaBeoriH- 
BUM H paHHuiHM. ViHaB, HTO oSpajycTCH KOMHTer aJlJl 
ee lauiHru, o To-niac Boiiie.i B ero cociaB. JJa. ayMa.ioct 
MHC, ecmbepe.\ieHauQ6cmoRme.ibcmga. nepeeopauuea- 
louiue npueb/MHbie noHgrnus u oifeHKU. Korda nosopao 
cudemt 8 cydeucKUX Kpeciax u nonemHO - na CKanbe 
nodcyduvbix. Bee arc a non«Ta;ica BupaiHTb b co6- 
CTBCHHOM nxcbMe B ee lauiHTy. Oho 6uj]o BiuiioHeHO b 
6K)A;icTeHb KoMHTera laioHTbi ti BCKope ony^JiKKoaaHO 
B napitJKCKofi raaere nPyccKax Mucni>». HeiiaBHO oho 
eiue pa3 SbiJio HaneiaraHo b Moefi KH>i/KKe «OTrTyiiieK- 
Hoe C10BO», BUiueitiiien b 2002 r. lloBTOMy n He CTaH> 
ceflnac iioapo6HO iicpccKa^MsaTb cboc nHCbMo. 

Cthxh - HeHacTWfl rocxb b npaBoiamiiTHux aoKy- 
MEHTax. Ho BTopoii BhioyCK Sio.iJieTeHJi Hamero Komh- 
Tcra yKpaciLiK cthxh BjiaitHMKpa KopHiuiOBa: 

Apecmoaaiu BcutKauosy... 

... Oho fiN.Tfl moKoio xencmeeHHOu, 

TaKou Kpacueou u cedou. 

Tax he no-3deiuHe.\ty ecmecmeeHHou. 

KoK 6ydmo JOJtcueo-ceMmou.' 

He pempo^pa^Haa. ne.^eecu^, 
Huteii He ocyxdaa ^pex. 
Ceoe npocmoe de.io de-iax. 
Hu 3a Koeo 6bLia - 3a ecex! 

Poccuu ciaey - Be.JUKaHoe}'.' - 
noeedaemyio anosb. tmo ecmb 
HoMUMO cmpaxa oKaaniiopo 
CavoomBepxeHhocmb u vecmb. 

EeccipauiHuti BbiioB TBopniuHM 6e33aKOHiiH snac- 
THM SpocHJia C. KaiuiKCTpaTOBa, aiBOKaT-npaeosauiHT- 
KHua. B CBoeM «3a)iB.neHHH iLin neiaTHH or 5 K0:i6p»i 
1979r. OHaHaiHca;ia; •< ... Mnexopouto uioecmna npaeo- 
jaufiimHOM ^exme.^bHocmb TambRHbi Be.iUKaHoeou. 3aK- 
iiotaeutaxcx e c6ope u pacnpocmpaHenuu UHCpop.xiaiiuu 
o HapyiueHuu npae •je.weeKa « naiueU cmpane, « nodnu- 
cauuu npomecmoe npomue uecnpaeedjuebix penpeccuii 
u ocyxOeHuii 3a .wwcid. la aioeo. npomue npuuieo.ia u 
HaciLiun eo ecex rpop.Mox. a maKxe e OKasanuu no.voufu 
VSHUKCLM coeecmu u ux canMLM. fl ue mojibKO inaio o6 
3mou dexmejbHocmu. ho e.siepy ceoux cu.i u cnocoSno- 
cmeu de.iaio mo Dice ca\ioe. VoeoKdeHa. ^mo eca npaeo- 
sainumHOn dexme,ibHijcmb Be.iuKtiHoeou. kuk u.uom. xe- 
.Txemcs jecaibHou. omnpumou. ne codepxum e ce6e 
HUKaH0€OKpu.\iuH<natiiieiuKa\iyKjadbieaemciiepaMKU 
H0p.\t.ycmaHO6.ieHMbixcoeemcK0uKoHcmumy^iieu..\tejK- 
dyuapotiHbi.\i nannto.v o noiumuuecKUX u ^pajicdaucicux 
npaeax u 3aKiioiume.ibHbLM AKmoM Xe.ibcuHKCKO30 co- 
eeufaHun. 



-KAPTA' N> 38-40 20M 



^ 113 mBPNII MHAKOMblCJimi 



171 



ft soHejsio. vmo eomoea e.vecme c TambStHOii Be.iu- 
naiioeoii u Hapudy c iieii omeeuamb neped .iio6bm z-iac- 
HbiM ontKpbimbiM cydOM». 

noiio6Hoe*enncbMOC3ajiBJieHHeMocBoeHnpHMa- 

CTHOCTH H nOJIHOM OAOSpCHtlH jeXTeJlbHOCTH Bc.lHKaHO- 
BOfl. O COnMaapHOCTH W rOTOBHOCTH paiflCJIHTb C HCR 

OTBeTCTBCHHocTi. HanpaBHjiH B FIpeaHjHyM BepxoBHoro 
CoBera CCCP eme jcBSTb npaB03aiUHTHHK0B. 

HpuBejy oTpwBKHemeTo.TtKo m oaHoro nHCbMa- 
M3 HKCbMa jieTefi Be.inKaHOB0W: 

Haay cewbw nocmm.io 6aibiuoe sope. Apecmoea- 
Ha Houia Mamb. 6a6ywKa houiux demeu... Ympav I 
Hofiopn 1979 .'.. KOfda .«« ece eufe cnaiu, pa-}da.-\cn 
3SOH0K 6 deeph. CompydnUKU KFE ... nodmuu hoc C 
nocme-teu. ae.ie.w HSved.ieHHO odembCM. eBbi novdemec 
Ha.\iti!it - cKoiaji ciasHtAU us hux Hatueu ruamepu. ... A/n 
co6pa.iu eu CMeHy deabsi u memyto odejKdy. 

...floaie moio kok .womb yee.iu. Htnatai o6nck, 
Aiueuiuucn deeumb •lacoe. Aeenmbi Krs ucKaiu no 
eceu Keapmupe "aHmucoserncKuef doKy.veHmbi. ...C hs- 
CKpbisaeubi.u ajapmoM dpocaiucb oduCKueaioufue Ha 
Koycdyio 6y.\iaMrKy. nodoipeean Kpavo.iy. Ho 3mo 6bi.iti 
omKpbtmbie rjucbMa npomecma npomus Hupyutenun 
j'pojicdaiicKV.x npas e CCCP. c6opHUKU fXpOHUKU meKy- 
mux co6bimtiu» ...•lacmHbie nucb.ua no.iumiamioieii- 
Hbi.x u ux podcmaeimuKoe c npocb6a.\4u o no.Mouiu. Kan 
ti'jgecmHO, u.'iiciiiio 3mo u Hosbieaemcst e iiaiueii cmpane 
- <iaHmucoeemiuHou», «3aeedo.\ioii Kieeemoun, «nod- 
pbisHou .tumepamypouH. 

...B 1 968 ^. KFS pojjy^wi HOC C omMO.v, KoHcman- 
muHOM Ea6ut/KU.<i4. 5pocva e^o e miophuy. a nomau e 
ceaepnyio cctLixy 3ayuacmueedeMoncmpatfUu na Kpac- 
hou rLioufadu npomue emopoKeHwi coeemcKux bouck e 
WexoatoeoKuio. Hama .vamb abtpacmma hoc. mpoux 
demeu. HacKydnyiojapinamyuHJiceHepa. Komopouedea 
xeamaem na odecnmeHue o^Ho^o teioeeKa 

Hameu .vamepu 47 .lem. ... Ilod daaieuucM KFE 
oiia6bLia ebiiiy3icdena ocmaeumb paSomy no cneuua.nb- 
Hocmu u nocmynu.ia H01HOU HXHeue demcK}'io6o.ibHU- 
i[V. Ho u jmou paSomti ona .luutmacb tepei ?od u e 
nociedHee aptLMM hmhuu-to do.wa .tLiadeN^eo-aHyKoo. Mt*. 
ee demu. dne.upa6omae.u uiuyHU-Mca. KpaveHee cudemt 
c MU.UU dH&M (paK/nuteCKu HCKOMy. 

...Mamb He pa3 ysoeapueo-iu jMuspupoaantb. fmo- 
6w Ne nodeepcamb ceGn u derneu onaciiocmu, no oiia 
ece^^a omeenaia: «A Ktno Mce ocmaHemai idecb? A/w 
omeemcmaeHHbi laoce, imonpoucxodum e nameu cmpa- 
He, UH He .xoiy yxodumb om unou omeemcmaeHHocmu^. 

... nauopamb iiodHM 6bUio djin nee sHympeHHeu no- 
mpedHOcmbio. Mnoeueusmex, KOMyoHana-noema, daoKe 
He 3Ha.iv ee a .lui^o. a neKomopbie u no ituenu. 

...Mamb cncLtane 6aiee 4-S tacoee cymKU, nodbi- 
uancb paHbiae acex. vmoSti npo'iumamb nuctMa. npu- 
lueduue omy3HUKO€ KOHipia^epeu, miopsM u ncux6o.ib- 
HU14. om npeciedye.Mbix 3a eepy. y6ejKdeHun wiu xaa- 
uue ■i.'nupptipoeamb. ...C ccvAOPoympa udym k neii iiodu. 
Bom mamapuH. Komopbiu nocMe.i eepnymbcx no csok 
poduuy - s Kpbi M, Kynuj na noatednue dentev .latyey, a 




Tambtfha Benuxanoea 



uepea necKaibKO dueii MinuyuoHepbi u co.iAamtt ebiKU- 
Hyjiu eso. uecmepbix demeu u cmapuKoe podume.ieu na 
V.^ul^y. a dau cneaiu 6y.ibdo3epo.u. Ciedo.vt npuxodvm 
3tceHU(Una, omnpaiLvnoufaMcs Ha ceudanue k ,mvjk>'-.'m- 
mofoiy, Komopau .vHoeue zodbi ma\4umai e .^a^epe 3a 
fAeimy o Ky.ibmypnou aemoHauuu Jlumsbi. 3a JKeHUfu- 
Hou - daia'ai^wj eepynufux. tienoe neiape^ucmpupo- 
aoHHoii xpucmuaHCKOu o6u4Uhbi. V hux mo.ibKO imo 
apecmoeaiu npeceumepa. a ux oiumpaipoeaiu ... ux de- 
meu npeciedyiom ytume.Tfi u usdueanm naycbKauHbie 
yHume.vLiiucoyieHUKu; yneKomopbix uieepyioufuxdemu 
Haece^^a omHumn no cydy u no.»eiuenbi e npwombi... 

...A eedb na pyxax y .vamepu eufe u .vaieHbKue 
auyKU. a ux nado noKop.vumb. o6ymb. odemb. stieecmu 
nosy.iftmb. yioDicumb cnamb. ...y nee hu .\tuHymbi ceo6od- 
HoeoepeMenu. . .Te.'te<poH 330Hum nenpepbieHO. O/xpa- 
uHbt coodutamm o uoeou saine apecmoe tieHoe Xe.ib- 
cuHKCKou epynnbi. O mo.M. tmu seepcKU uj6um ...CbiH 
nacmopa Bunco, u noaie 3mo^o oh Mce o6«UHeH a xy.iu- 
eancmee. Mamb jeonum u comq. Te.ie(f)OH. KoneHHO, 
npoaiyiuueaemot, ho, hc odpausas ho 3mo anu.MaHUJi, 
.Mamb naOupaem nOMcpa Koppecnoiide'imoe unocmpan- 
Hbix aaenmcme. •imo6bi tepes hux npus-tcit enuManue 
MeoKdynapodHou o6utecmaeHH0cmu k cydbSe onepedno- 
eo .vyHCHUKa. 

...JIuuib eeuepOM Mamb oceo6oatcdaemai om npu- 
auompa la dembvu. ho u mym 3a6omu ne ocmaejaiom 
ee. u OHO edem nodtac na dpyeou kohcm .-•opoda - s 



wwnUrliofg 



181 



4 



MS NCTOPHH HHAKOMblCJINll 



.itodyto no!ody - naeecmumb 
KOio-mo U3 cmpajtcdyuiux. cuo- 
ea npuHiimbeceoe cepdifenomo- 
KU tyoKoeo eopn ...sceiumt ua- 
deoicdy. A la neu HtiomcmynHo 
ciedymm a^enmbi KFE, u Heeo3- 
uoMrHO omde-iambcn om 3mou 
yHtaumejbiiou cwdicku. 

...Hauia .\iamb - uacmoM- 
uiatf nodeujicHiiJia. npaeednuifa. 
Mbi ySejKdeHbi e imoM. kqk 
ydejicdsHbi u 3moM eae. Kmu 
ttcmpevcncii c ueto. . Mbi meep- 
do 3Hae». imo ona euHoena .luuib 
a moM, tmo ucno.iHSCia lanoaedb 
Cnacume.iM: vHem oo.ibuie moii 
ntooeu, KQK eaiu Kmo no.iojicum 
dyiuy ceoio la dpyseu ceouxu. 

Ee MaieHbKuu enyK cnpa- 
uiueaem y omya: 

- rde 5a6yuiKa Tauti? 

- B miopb.ve. 

- KoK Oh? - eoeopum MoibHUK, ejinds na u3o6pa- 
DiceHue Xpucma e meMHu»e. 

-Ma. 

- Ee moDKe 6biom nainoii? 

Jliodu, dpysbH. dpartibsi u cecmpn! Bo imx JIio6au. 

eo UMH Cnpaeed.tiMoctnu, bo vmh jicuihu - cnacume 
Haiuy Mamb.' 

Mojicem Bbimt.. oua V3 mex commt npaeeduuxcm. 
6e3 Komopbix ne ycmoum, pyxiem a oeneHiiyK) 6e3dNy 
Henaeucmu. 3.io6bi u coMoyHUHmajtceHun nama cnpana. 

...FIoMoeume ocaoOodumb HamyMamb. Oho Hyaena 
He maibKO nau. ee demuM u 8nyKa\t, ho u sccm ea». Eej 
nee ocKydeiom no 3eM.ie .iiooosb u Minocepdue. 3aempa 
K .iioOoMy U3 eac .vojKem nocmyHambot s deepb oeda, u 
HeKo.uy oydem npiiumu no earn xpuK o noMoufu. 

Hek-adpb I979e. Hamaiun EaOuifKox. 26a., doHb 

0edop EaduifKuu. 24 x, cbiH 

fO.iun Keiidaii, 21 ^., doib 

B.iadu.\tiip KeidaH. 33 ^., jsmb. 

. . .riepeiiaKJTJiH xoTbOTMacTH 3TH nncbMa h sasMC- 
HM^ TO, MCM 6)>[Jia anx Bce\ use Hauia TaHM? To. KaK 
jiio6hjih h boc XII 111^1)1 cb eio jipyibn h 3HaKOMi>ie. Sjihxc- 
HHe H :ia.ibHHe. npinHaaafi ee b iiyure Jiyiiiien m bccx? 
KaK HeBo.ibHo yBayKa^iH ee aame [tpotkbhhkh? TaHe 
npejiCTOiuio npo6biTb 10 MecfluesBCJieiiCTBeHHoiiTiopb- 
Me Jle^iOpTOBO. 3HaJI, KaK HHKTO, HTO CyjU no 'inOJTMTH- 
lecKHM je.iaMB b CCCP npeacraBnawT co6ofl JiHuib 
deccoBecTHbitt 4>apc c lapaKcc npeapemeHHUM KToroM, 
TatbfiHa He 3a\OTeiia npHHHMaTb HHKaKoro yHacTHn b 

3T0M HCJOCTOfiHOM aeflCTBC 3a BCC BpeM)l CJieHCTBHH 

OKa He aajia HiiKaKHX noKajaKitfl ii ne nojniicajia hk 
ojiHoro noKyMCHTa. OfKasa-iact OHa h ot scHKoro ynac- 
THX B cyjie, npuroBopiiBiiiero ee k 4 roJiaM Jiarepefl h 5 
rojiaM ccbiJiKH. BepHjBiiiHCb b MocKBy b 1988 r., ywe b 
roabi iinepecTpoilKH)), Tana uejiHKOM nocBATHjia ce6fl 
nejaroPHKe n noiii.ia npenoaasaib MaiewaTHKy b liiKOJie. 




riemp rpuaopaHito a ClilA Ha deuoMcmpaifuii a aaiuumy TambUHbi BenuKaHoaoii 



H CKOpO CTUia OUHHM H3 JlK)6HMeBtIlKX >-HHTejicfl. B 
(fKBpane 2002 r. b <(MeMop[ia;ie» 6biJio reano OTMeneHO 
ee 70-.ieTKe. H kto Toraa Mor jtorajiaTbcn, kto b cenTH6- 
pe Toro xe rojia naM cnoaa npHjiercji npHfijH b tot we 
cawbifl 3an, - ho ya<e Ha ee homkhkh?.. 

...Ajoraa, B HOfl6p« 1979 r., b Kpyry npaBOsauiHT- 
HHKOB HeBOJibHo BCTasan euie ojikh deiMOJiBHufi Bon- 
poc: onpasHTcn. bu'^khbctjih «XpoHHKa». norepHBUjan b 
oaHOMaCbecBoero «iiHpeKTopa»? fla, aciaioT ee viHorne. 
HO B TaHMHux pyKax 6mjih co6paHb[ ace hmth. m 6ei Hee 
BunycKaTb6tojiiieTeHbCTaHeT HaMHoroTpyaHefl. Otbct 
Ha 3T0T Bonpoc cojiepwajicn y*e b nepaoM Howepe 5ioji- 
jiereHti Koutfrera itamirru: 

3ajie.3eHue 

«XpoHUKa» ctumaem. tmo apecm TambUHbi Benu- 
KOHuaoH, odnaiacoMbix mpeeojKHbixaKiiuiieKaunaHuu 
nnjuK(iudai4UunpaR03<mumHWodeujiceHwi. HecoMuen- 
HO uveem u ceoio ocotyio >te.ib - JiuKeudupoeantb aac- 
Hocmb, d.m cmaHO&ieHux Komopoii T. M. BejuKaHoeou 
cdciauo oieub MHOco. 

OdHou U3 peaiuiatfuit npuHi4una zjiacHocmu e na- 
ueucmpaHeH&iJiemaiebixodjiuiaxyjKeoduHHadtiambc 
luuHUM Jem «XpoHUKa meKyu4ux co6btmm». 

aXpoHUKOM no.itKaem, imo ^mom npuHtjumnacHO- 
cmu ucKopcHumb He maK.ieeKo. TlomoK uHtpopMaifiiu o 
oopbde 3a npaea uexoeeKO e CCCP He itpeKpauiaemai. 

"XpoHUKa meKyu4ux codbtmuii/ npodoajKuem aw- 
xodumb. 

15 H0»6px 1979 £ada. 

PByUtHeCfl HMTM 

J\.o 3THX nop coSbiTHR, o KOTOpbix paccKa3biBa.ia 
'(XpoHMKa», npoTEKajiH xoTb H He Bcerjja nenocpej- 
cTseHHo Ha MOHx rna^ax. ho na MoeC^ wiiBOfl naMRTH. Ho 
BOT-BOT (h n co3HaBa;i 3to) mhc npeaCTOH-io BCJiea 3a 
MHorHMHjpyibnMHnepeitTKHspaspxiianpaBosaiUHTHH- 
kob B paapaflnpaBOTepnuee. Ysec MOMeirraBCiy [LneHHJi 
B PaOoHyio KOMHCCHK) no ncHXHaipiiH & Mae 1978 r. 
apecT H 3aii.iio4eHHe npejcTaa-iHUHCb mhc Hein6e*Hbi- 



•KAPTA- M3B-40 2004 



^ 113 NCTDPHN iHAKOMblCimH 



111 



MH. Ho nocjie apecra Tshh s no4yBCTBOBai, ino rm 
cpoKH noiiCTj'rMJiH BruioTHyw, - cobccm cKOpo, Ecjim hc 
B 3T0M MecHue, TBK B cjienyioiueM, jij'Maji H. B aeBcTBH- 

TC-lbHOCTH BbJUUlO - icpes 5 C He6o.lbUIMM MeCHUeB. 

B aeKa5pe 1979 r. repotrroKpaTw m3 nonHiSiopo b 
npecTV'nHOM ocjienjiCHHH Hata-iH SeccMwcieHHyio a<t)- 
raHCKyK)BotiHy(TaK-*e. KaKcnycTfl IS^ieTieHeHCKyio- 
E.ibUHH) H nOHTH aecHTRjicTHe He Mor.iH Bbuie^TH m 
KpoeaBott a4iraHCK0fi iimu. 3to Jiejiajio HeH35eM(HMM 
«3aKp>-HHBaHHeraeK»HBH>TpHCTpaHfar. BT0M}«eaeKa6- 
pe 6w.iH apecTOBaHbi B. A5paMKHH. ojihh h3 pejiairropoB 
caMH3aaTCKoro »(ypHa.na *noHCKH», H B. HeKHnejiOB, 
HiicH Mrx. H c KawjwM in 3thx apecToa o6pwBa;i»cb 

KaKHC-TO .IHHHOCTHbre MeJlOBCHeCKHe CBH3H. 

. . . BepxoM QpeKHeBCKO-aHnponoBCKoro 6e33aKo- 
HHfl crana ccu-tkb b FopbKHfl aKa.ieMHKa A. Caxaposa. 
CcbiJiKa - Mepa yronosHoro iiaKaiaHHti. CorjiacHO 

K0HCTHT>'UHlAHBCeMC0BeTCKHM jaKOHaMCCblJIKaMOweT 

HasHanaTbCH TOJibKo no npHroaopy cyaa. Ho CaxapoB 
SbiJi cociiaH 6e3 cyaa, no npoH3BOJiy KPB h Buciuero 
napTiiftHoro H coBCTCKoro pyKOSoacrBa. 3aK0H He npc- 
flycMaipHBaeT ccbiJiKH Ha cpoK cawme 5 ;ieT - CaxapoB 
6mji cocjian 6eccpoHH0 (h ocTaBanca lanepTbiM b Fopb- 
KOM 7 nei 6e3 Mecjiua). K Hewy npaKTHHecnH ne nonyc- 
KajiH (h HacKibHo 0TnpaB;iHjin o6paTHo) npHe3*-aBiiiiix 
ero HanecTHTb apyaefl, xoth npHroBOpeHiibie k ccu-ikb 
no cyjy HMeror npaao npHHHMarb y ce6fl rocrefi. Ctoht 

JIH rOBOpHTb 06 OTCVTCTBHH TCJie^JOHa B rOpbKOBCKOfl 

KBapTHpe. «nponawe» MHOJKecTBa nnccM, Kpa>Ke pvKo- 
niicefi, nocTOHHHOM nonciyiuMBaHHH h cjiea'Ke?! 

...O TOM. HTO AnapeJl JlMHTpHCBHMa CXBarHJIH H 

Kyiia-TO yaeinM, s ycibiiiiaji b cauufl newb BbicbiJiKH. 
BC'iepoM 22 tiHBapn 1980 r. Cpasy jkc a noMva/icji Ha 
yjTHu>' HKa-ioBa. me CaxapoB >kmji b KBapTHpe stceHw 
BMecTe c ee iwaTcpbio. P. f. EoHH3p. Py(|)b FpHropbeBHa 
H JlM3a A/ieKceeea, HeseciKa EjieHbi FeoprMCBHW, npo- 
B0yKa.in AHapesi flMHTpHeBtiHa c weHoR ao jpana caMo- 
JiCTa, yHecuiero hx b FopbKHfl. BepHyBuiHCb. ohh pac- 
CKasaiH cbexaBiuiiMCti k TOMy speMeHH jpyibfiM h hho- 
crpaHHbtM KoppecnoHjieHTaM nojipoSnocTM CTyiHBuie- 
rocji. 

He CTany nuTaTbcs BbipaiiiTb CBoe oTHOUieHHe k 
AHupeio flMHTpHCBKHv. Moe bocxhiuchhc hm 6ccnpe- 
aejibHO. s c'lHTa;! ero(H cHHTaio hochx nop) coBecibto h 
ciaaofl PoccHH, HcaoBCKOM. KOTOpwfl B BBKax npeSyaeT 
ropjocTbK) He TO.ibKo Haiuefl cTpaHu. ho - Bcero lejiOBe- 
qecTBa. PacnpaBaHajiCanapOBbiM. jiaypeaTOviHoGejien- 
CKoR npcMHH MHpa, Bb[3Ba,ia MHoro nporecTOB e cawOM 
CoBCTCKoM CoK)3e. «XpoHHKaj) Ns 56 cooomaeT 13 
TSKHx HHCbMax, noa KOTOpWMH crorr noiniicH necKOJib- 

KHX aeCSTKOB HaUJHX COrpaSflBH. MhC npHHTHO, HTO H s 

ycneji ao cBoero apecTa roanHcaTbCH noa oaHHM m hhx. 
Ccbi;iKa H H3o.i>mHa Caxapoaa cra/ia TswejieHmuM yaa- 
poM no BceMy npaeoaauiHTHOMy HBHweHHio. Ero ropb- 
KOBCKoe jaxoKeHHe cTajio He ToabKo TpyaHtiM HcribiTa- 
HHeM itns caMoro AnjpeH /tMHTpneBHia h ero weHbi, ho 
jiHtiiHJio onopbt MHOTHX jifOiieH b Hauielt crpaHe, njiH 
KOTopux oh 5bM (CaxapoB ysHaer! CaxapoB sacTynMx- 
cB!)rocjieaHenMHCTaHUHefiHeanHCTBeHHoflHajiewjofi. 



Ero BbicbuiKa o€pbiBa;ia He oaHy, a aecHTKH H cothh 
Hirreii MexciejiOBevecKHX CBH3efl... 

y4eHbie H oSmecTBeHHbie jemejiH mhophx CTpaH 
uHpa BbicTyriHnH b 3aiuHTy CaxapOBa. H ToabKO ero 
OTeiecTBeHiiwe KonnerH noawiH ce6s no3opHo h ypyciH- 
Bo. Hh oakk coaeTCKKfl aKaaeMHK He BbiciynKji ny6.iHH- 
ho npoTHB BoriHioiuero 6e33aK0HHfl. HauLiHCbcpeaH hhx 
aaiKe laKHe. kto npHCoeaHHH.iHCb k Tpaane Caxaposa, 
aaneproro vi jiHiueHHoro bo3MO)khocth hm OTBCTHTb. 
{HanpHMep. aKanewHKH A. A.^opojiHHuwH, A. M. FIpo- 
xopoB, F, K. CKpfl6HH H A. H. Thxohob. 4bH noanwcM 
CToaT noa ciaTbCfl «Koraa tepdiOT lecTb h coBecxbii b 
«H3BecTiuix» OT 3. 07. 83 r. Hjth npe3HaeHT AKaneMHH 
HavK A, n. AjieKcaHapoB, cKa3aBmHfl b Hione loro «e 
roaa b HHtepabio aMepHKancKOMv )«ypHajiy, hto Caxa- 
poB HCTpaaaex cepbeixuM ncuxHHecKHM paccTpoH- 
CTBOM»). JlHUib jaa axaiieMHKa. FI. Jl. KanHua h IO. B. 
XapHTOH, KacTHbiM o6pa30M o5pauia;iHCb k cobctckhm 
BnacTAM c npoCb6aMH o6jierHHTb noiioaceHHe Caxaposa, 
HO HX riHCbMa - yau! - He 6biaH nySaniHUMH. 

,.B nepeue Dice dhu noaie sojepau4eHia Andpex 
UMumpueawiCi a XfocKey e deKa6pe 1 986 j. M»e <)«se.ioct> 
CHoea nodhittamh ho npociatneHHou caxapoecKOU Kyxne. 
Ua. 3a ceMb .lem eopbKov eopbKoeCKOU cctiiKU Caxapoe 
nocmapen u ocyuyjicx. ho depoiccncM dodpo u 6w,7 no.ioH 
deameibnou ^Hep^uv. yatt, daOKe e ffnepecmpoeu»bie» 
epeMBHa. dtuice cmae napodnbiM denymamo.v. Caxapoe 
He pas nodeepeaiat nanadKOM u mpae.ie KOHcepeamue- 
Hoeo hptLia denymamcKoco Kopnyca. Ht: ycKopwia -in 
3ma mpaenn eso BHejaniryio cvepmb 14 deKodpn 1989 
eoda?. . 

...BocbMHaecHTuR roa Heccn crpeMHxenbHO. hc 
jaaafl nepesecxH ayx H npHHOCs see HOBue ciopnpHibi, 

- B TOM KHCJie H JUIH MeHJI aHHHO. B HHBape 6WJ1H 

apecTosaHbi eiue aaa peflaKTopa«noHCKOB»>, K), fp^iMM 

H B. COKHpKO. 29 dHBapg MCHd npHrjiaCM.lH OXKpbTTXOB 

B pafloTae.i milthuhh. Taw saMHanajibHHKa no yrpo3bic- 
ay H HeHasBaBiuiiflcn MyiKinna b iiiTaxcKOM Hacxo>iTe.ib- 
Ho peKOMCHnoBaTH MHe npeKpaxHTbCBOK) aenxcibHOCTb 
B Pa5o4eH komhcchh no ncHXHaxpHH m npeaynpeiKaanH, 
1x0 n BOT-BOT nepeciyiuK) nrpanb 3aK0HaJ>. fl otbcthji. 
>ixo He ciHTaio CBOio o6mecxBeHHyK3 aenxejibHocxb npo- 

THBOMKOHHOU H HeVKJIOHfllOCb OX OXBCTCTBeHHOCTH. 12 

{j>eBpa.'i!i 6bi.i apeCTOBaH Moit roBapHui BnneC/iaB Bax- 
MHH, oaHH H3 ocHOBaieaefi komhcchh no ncHXHaxpMH, a 
y MCHH npoiue.! oGmck. 7 Mapxa bo B.iaaHMHpe 6biaa 
apecTOBawa Majibsa Jlanaa, hjich MPX. h scKopte ona 

6biaa npifroBopcHa k 5 roaaM ecu.nKn. 26 MapTaa (oano- 

BpeMCHHO C <I>e.THKCOM Cep€6p0BblM) BOIUe.! B MOCKOB- 

cKyfO rpynny «Xe;ibCHHKH». 

...flacxas 1980r.6buiapaHK}vi-6anpe.w. Bcaubiv 
ee Kanyii « jaexai k odnou ceoeu 3h<iko.<^ou, noo6einaa- 
meu nepeciamb sepei nadejKHozo lejoeeKa f.iesoe» 
nucKMo MOAvy daB»e.\iy dpy^y A HpiLuaKy. yMce He- 
CKaibKO .tern npojtcueagiuevy e CLUA. Cpasy xe, e 
cavo.v Haiaie nucb.^^a. x nanucai. uma xpejeumbOiu ua 
eojicMHe, /io-8Md(iMO.M>', ocmaemcst iiedomo. M npedno- 
xiLi e ciyvae Moe^o apecma ujdamb la pydexcau coop- 
iiuK nod na3eaiiue.\i nOmnymeHHoe cioeo» uj necKoib- 



www karti DTB 



112 



^ 113 XCTBPHII MHANDMblCAIDI 



Kia HanucaHHba mhou k mou nope cmameeK. H npocia 
BKiiouumh e neso nocestmeHuyio <iexoc.ioeaiiKVM co6bi- 
muRM cmambio KCenmH6pb ipxdyuiC^o eoda». Koeda-mo 
omdOHHyK) MHOU eca.\4U3dam nod nceedoHnuaw BaigH- 
muH KoMopoau. KaKMy3na.i enocnedcmeuu. .voe nuctxMO 
6icu^ono.iy*iHO doiu.io do adpecama, ho . „ cnycmx dea c 
nuuiHUM eoda. 3amo e nacmynueiuue Hoatie epsMeiia n 
CMoe jHaHUma/ibHo nonaiHumb cocmae cdopnuKQ u ii3- 
dawb e 2002 ?. ceoe aOmnyuteHuoe cjioeou dOMa - « 
nocmcosemcKoi Poccuv. 

... ByjicaKoecKuu Macmep eepno eoeopwi. nmo Bo- 
nand (ecnu yaodno, eeoMOXCHO uMeno€amb u cydbBou) 
v.ueem •oanopouiumb z-iasav. Toao. into ciyiu.-iocb 10 
anpe.TM.njKdaiscmiUudeHb. Hoe mom temeepe doMaut- 
Huexjionomn um&ieKJU MeHM am nedo6poix oJKudanuu: 
Hado 6buo ecmpeiantb JJiodMiuy. moio JKeny. nptiie- 
maemyio ui ?Ke.ie3HoeoocKa, ^^e OHOje'iu.iacb no "Kyp- 
CO€Ke». A laempa 6bu ee denb poDtcdenux. 

...Ha paBome c ympa n do2osopu.tcst, umo yiidy 
nopoHbiue, •imo6bi eoepeMn nonacmb e ajponopm. flo- 
moM Ko MHe e Kadunem noseomaa Co<pb>i Bactabeeua: 
eeiepoM codpanue iiauieu xejibcu/rxcKOu epvnnu. Kuk 
xre R eesde ycneio? A ycneeamb .s4He y3Ke uuKyda He 
npuuLiocb. CHmata no eMympenHe.»y meie<poHy .mhs 
nojeoHU.1 npopenmop A. fJ. CaetieHKo u CKoaai. umo6u 
a MUKyda ne omxodiii, - om Hero. mo.i. npudem ua 
uccieOoeaHue xaKou-mo avdy.iamopMbiu 6o.ibHou. A 
Hacoe e 10, kqk maubKO U3 Moeeo peHmeenKaduHema 
ebiuie.1 ouepedHou naiiuenm. s daepb eoiu.ia sav^iaaepa- 
va. .Mo.iodan u napmuuuan Anae.iUHa HeaHoena. u a.vec- 
me c neio deoe a utmamcKOM. 

- 3mo K Saw, - cKOioja ona u cpaiy ucvexia. 

- Alb/ U3 npoKypamypbi. - noKa3<n caoe ydocmoee- 
penue odun U3 mvjiciuh. - Basi nado noexamb c navu. 

BbtxoMcy u3 KaduHema. Bo ece» OJUHHav Kopudope 
— Hudyuiu. Kyda-mo nodeeaiucb gee 6ojtbHbie. H mojtb<o 
edaiu. y Ju^mHoeo xo.iia. oduHOKO MoaHum nama 3av- 
ejiaeepata. Ho eoxie cavoao guxoda U3 kjuhuku .vne 
Haacmpeiy ace jkc nonaicn how dpycou peHimeHQ.ioe, 
BumcLiuu CoMOWtosui. 

- Kyda Sn yxodume max pano. Jleouapd Eopuco- 
auH? -ydueuicM oh. 

~ Mo eom 3a .VHoii npuuLiu U3 npoKypamypbi. ~ 
mo-ibKO u omeemuj a. 

- 3aHe.\f Bbi cKasaiu sMy naciem hoc? - ebtpaiwi 
Hedoeo.ibcmso Kmo-mo ua moux npoeojtcamNX. 

Wep»a« "Baiaau. Hhq JodneM cudenbe. .mou npoeo- 
OKambte - no ookclv. £dew, cydn no .\iapuipymy. no .mhs 
dOMOu. npue3Mcae.li. HavuHaemcno6biCK.Jio.iiamojtbKO 
meufa. oho ^omoeum na xyxne 3aKycKU k cmo.iy. - eedb 
3aempa .liod.vinuH denb poMcdeHun. Jla. 3aveiame.ib- 
Hbiu y nee no.iy^umcM npajdnuK! B xapMane y .mshh — 
3anucHax knumcko c adpecavu u me.ie^0Havu MHooice- 
cmgadpy3euu3HaKo.ubix.romoebiucmjcoKKaHdudamoe 
d-ix abi3v(sa Ha donpoc —HacmoMUi uu nodapoK d.W ciedo- 
eame.vi!KaK6biu36asuitibaiomnee?ffciJjt<ryHadusane. 
u cnpaea om .vewi pacmem 3opa npocvompeHHbix u 
omjojtceHHbix 3a HenadodHocmbio KHue cnaiuux no.ioK. 
fl docmoKi U3 Kap-unHa xionaiytnyH) KiwiicKy, npuKptio 
ee hoco6bLM njantKau. u He3a»eniHo mady a cmontcy 



ocmas-vievbix 5yMa^. OdtiCK OKOHien. OmMetaio e npo- 
moKo.ie, imo cpedu 3a6paHHbix dyjuap nem hukokou 
icieeembi u.iu ftaHnucoeemyuHbi- u imo no3mo.uy ux 
U3wimue HeiaKOHHO. 

- Bbi nenado-ieo npoedeme c tiOMu e .\finui4u10, — 
eoeopumMHeaiedoeame.ibTumoe.npo€odufiuiuiio6bicK. 

MoeuJlndMiLiv ece euteuem. fJpouiaiocb c meuieu. 
eosopio, vmocKopoeepHycb(doeadaea»cb, imo-yeti!- 
eepnycb necKopo) u etixoMCy co caoiuiu npoeooKambLviu. 

BMUiuifuu Tumoe npoeodum KopomKuu donpoc, - 
« omKtnbieaiocb omeciamb Ha ece eonpocbi. 

- no3HaK0Mbmecb moeda euie c odnou 6yMaeou, - 
soeopum .vne Tumoe. 

KoneiHO. ^ma^o>luox^l^a.^. Opdep homou apecm. 

no36HUM eetepav aeopoHOK^ omees .nenn e By- 
mtipKy. anodympo. noaie ecex noiojiceHHbix npotfedyp, 
8 6bu omeeden e moio nepeyio Kauepy. s302>i - npouu- 
ma.1 XHoee deepu. 

Tenepb no4TH ace hhth, cBRibiBasiUHC Menu c pon- 
HUMH H apysbHMH, nopBaHW, Hto we aa;ibiiie? HojiHoe, 
rjijTioe MOjTiaHHe? He cobccm raK. KaKan-To iiHiJiopMa- 
liHJi npocaHHBacToi k b KaMcpbi. Huorjia niuia nojibju 
3.ena>' hto-to cooSuiaercneiioBaTejii.. TaK. Be.TyuiHH Moe 
jxenoT. B.rioKOMapeBHaoiiHOM h3 jonpocoBynoMHHyji 
KaK obi Me«iiy npOHHM npo upacKaaHHoi cBJimeHHHKa fl. 
^HjUKO. HO « HHKaK He npopeariipoaaji na ero cjioea. H 
aance iiocTOBepHbie csejieHHii o '(XpOKHKoi b nocieiiHHH 
pas - BiuioTb no cBoero npeSyiiymero ocBoSowaeHHJi b 
1983 r. - JiToweycnwiiiaji sTiopbMe. 29 anpcjiji 1980 r. 
6wji apecTOBaH h jaKxe noMeuiCH b ByrupcKyio itoptMy 
AjiCKcaHiip Jlaayr. Khkhm-to ofipaaoM Cauia y3Ha;i ho- 
Mep Moeft KaMcpbi. k BCKOpe mm cyM&nii o6MeHfiTi.c)i 
janiickaMH. A hotom Hac cjiobhjih Ha uMeiKKauepHnn 
CB}i3H» II 0TnpaBH.nH B Kapuep. Ho no jopore ^nep/iH 
Bjipyr BjiBoeM b KpoxoTKuft HeocBeiueHHbiii 6okciik. 
XoTCJiH nocjiyniaTb, o lew mm 5yaeM rosopiiTL. 11 mu. 
paayMecTCJi, ace apcMs hmcjik 3to b BHjiy. ToJibKO bot 
ceKpeTOB y Hac noHTH He 5u.io. Cauia CKaaaji mhc, hto wa 
o6biCKe a aenb apecra y Hcro (iibiuiH HecKo;ibKO HOMcpos 
<(XpOKHKHU, H CpejK HHX nOHTH rOTOBUil 55-fi - c pyKO- 
RHCHbiMH noMeTKawH. "HeywejiH we HOMep nponajieT? 
Hjih riie-TO eoxpahiuiiicb apyme ero 3K3eManjipbJ?i> — 
noayMBJi s. HoTorja, nepej MHKpoiJtoHaMH "noacjiyiii- 
KK)>, pasyMeercfl, He ciaji cnpaiuHBaTb 06 3tom Caujy. 
CeroaHH Ji aepKy 3tot HOMep a cbohx pyKat. 3HaHHT - 
c-iaaa Eory! - oh Bce-raKH coxpaHKiics. 

Ha Bcex .qHHHUx caHzianHMX b .larepe xe»a h jiOHb 
noopoGHo paccKaibiBa^H mhc o tom, ito npoHcxoanT wa 
Bo.ie, o cyaboax MHorMK H mhophx coToaapHmcfi. Ho o 
«XpoHHKe>i pcHH He 6wjio, MOJKer 5biTb. 6po;uieTeHb 
npocTO He ioxoihjI jo hhx. A Koraa b 1 983 roay s Bbruie,T 
H3 Jiarepn, BunycK «XpOHHKM)> SbiJi ywc OKOHHaxejibHO 
npeKpamcH. 

liHTepMeAHfl. 
Kto h KorAa ocboBoamt apecTaHia? 

...JlHcraio 6pouiiopbi b iciewux oSjiowKax - bu- 
nyCKH «XpoHHKH» 3a KOHCU 1979-80 rr. Koraa-TO Taxaa 
Ko.TjnsKUHS, o6hapy»teHHas Hao6bicKe, enojiHe Morjna5bi 
HtTOTHHyrbM Ha roju samiioHeHHS. A cerojiHJi 3to hs 



■KAPTA' MI3a-40 200* 



13 NCIDPIK IHAKDMblCANII 



113 



Qojiee HCM 6H5jiHarpa(l)H4ecKaJi penKOCTh. Box Henoji- 
Hbifl nepeieHb coouTHfl. o KOTopMX paccKaiuBajioch b 

HHX. 

BbinycKM 55. Cyjiw na VKpaHKc: mm B. Crpcjib- 
uoBbiM, n. H B. Chhko, \0. JImtbhhom h a. EepaHMKOM 
(Bce OHH - yiacTKKKii y KpaHHCKoi) XF: coaceM CKopo x 
Bce ee iJieKbi OKawyrcn la peuicTKofl). OcBO&o]KjeKa([io 

OKDHiaHHH 3aK-1IOHeHHB M CCbl.lKH) XyjOiKKHUa C. LUa- 

6arj'pa. 

Jft 56. BbiCbiJiKa A. fl. Caxapona a r. FopbKKfi. 
ApecT B. BaxMHHa. Cyji una M. JlaiuoH. Apeci JI. Tep- 
HOBCKoro. ApecT A. JlaayTa. Cya naj] H. PyfepMaHOM. 

Cyau HaVKpaHHe. B ApMCHHH. b3ctohhh, bJIhtbc. 

n03Tbl C. J1nnKllH II H. JlKCHflHCKan BblXOaaT M3 

Coiosa TiMcaTejiefi a 3HaK nporecra npoTHB HCiuiioieHiin 
H3 Hero B. Epo(|>eeBa h E. flonoBa. yiacTKHKOB a;ii.MaHa- 
xa((MeTpono.ib». 

Ss 57. ApecT laeHa MfX T. Ocnnoaofl. "(Ipeajn- 
pe)KjeHHe» KFB Mjietn' MFX K). apuM-Araeay (b tck- 
cTe 3Toro rtpie,iHa3HaieHHoro ojih lanyrHsaHHH jioKy- 
MeHra Mockobcksa rpynna «Xe.ibCHHKK» iiMeHyercx 
nepaoKdeduou rpvnnupoeKou»/. HpHroBop H.iCHy MFX 
B. HeKnnejioBy-7jicTCTpororojiarcp*i h SneiccwjiKH. 
ApecT(BJ)KyTCKOHCCbi.iKe)A. noapaSHHeKa.riOKasHHe 
(h HeMejuieHHoe c}CBo6o}KjieHHe) CBniueHHHKa A. Jlya- 

KO. 

Jft 58. nojiHTHieciciienpoueccbi.ieTa-oceHH 1980 r. 
Cyuhi Haa T. Be.iHKaHOBOfl. B. BaxMiiHUM, F. fluyHH- 

HUM, A. OropOZtKHKOSblM. B, AopaMKHHUM. FO. fpHM- 

MOM. BceoHHnpHroBopcHW KpaaHbiMcpoKaMjaioiioMe- 

rioKaflJiHCb H ocyacacHW ycaoBHo: JI. PereabcoH. 
B. KanKTaHHVK, B. CoKitpKO. 

B JliiTBeocyxtjeHbi K3aiciioHeHHK>B;iarepbA. Tep- 
aauKac h K). CacHaycKac, Ha VKpaHHe - B. BapaajwHy h 
Ojibra MaiyceBKH. BecteaoBCHHun npiiroBop 6ua eu- 
HeccH Baenaio Ciycy - 6biBiueMy no;iHT33Ky, no3T\ h 
HJieHy VKpaHHCKoii XF. Tenept oh npHroaopen k 10 
roaau ocoCoro aareps h 5 roaain ccbiaKH ~ 3a cthxh, 3a 
^epe\aa^eHHb[e nacTHwe n[icbMa(A. Caxapoay, 11. FpH- 
ropcHKO, KiicBCKHM jpysbSM), 3a lasiBneKiic b npoKvpa- 
TjpvBsaiuHTy H.ropoa;m.3aycTHbieBbiCKa3i>iflann>i,B, 
Crycy yiKe hc suam na BOJito, oh norH6HeT b aarepHOM 
liJM30 B Boapacre 50 aei B ceHTsSpe 1985 rojia... 

Bmccto Jfi 59 - npo6ea TaKoro Kouepa hct. A a 
HOMepe N? 60 - yaejoMaeHHe: 

BbinyCK's9 KOH0HCKOBAH 

20tpeapa.in 1981 1. QompyduuKuyKTB ...urbUJiuHa 
o6btcKe e Keapmupe Jleonuda By.ix pyKonucb 59-20 em- 
nycKa iXponuKu mehyufux codumuun u ece nodeomoeu- 
mejibHbte Mamepuaibi k ne.vy. 

...Eoibtuoji lacmb meKcmoe uanucoHa JI. ByjieM u 
K). WuxaHosuieM. 

...nocKoibK}' daibHeuiuee yvacmue .jutf. cmaawux 
U3gecmntnx KFE e masav tiavecmee. cmaeum nod ydup 
cyutecmeoeanue uadaiiun. ohu aumaiom neo5xodu.ubiM 
npeKparnvnib ceoKi padomy e «XpoHUKei>. Ca-voomcm- 
patwHue .luif. ^omoeuaiutjx 59-uebinycK. uomcymcmeue 



ucxodHbi-J Mumepuaioe k neMy deJiatom eeo ebixoO ne- 

8OlU0J*rHHM.,. tl 

59-fl BbjnycK no CHx nop noji apecTOM. noHCMy? 
Beab ceronHX aa»e coTpyiiHHKH cjiaBHoro sejioucTBa 
BpHa aw pHCKHyT KBaaH(|)HunpoBaTb ero kbk KaeaeTHH- 
HCCKiit) niH npecTjnHbiif aoKyweHT. K TOiny *e 59-il 

HOMCp, KBK II BCHXaJI pyKOHHCb. HB.l>ieTC>l llHTCXieKTy- 

fljifaHoH co6cTBeHHOCTb!o. M npHHajae^t'MT OHa Hauiefl 
MCTOpHii. OTe^ecTBeHHOMy ConpoTHsaeHHio, cbohm co- 
cTasHTeatiM. HaKoneu, ho y)K bo bchkom c.iy^ae He tcm, 
KTo ;iBajiiaTb c aHuiHHM jieT Ha3aji rpaoHre/ibCKii ee 
noxHTKn, A 6e3 wee acTonHCb «XpoHHKM" HenoaHa. B 
npeanoc.naHHOM 60-My HOMepy yBeaoMaeHHH npuMO 
CKasano, hto xnepuod c ae^ycma no aoHopb 1980 c. 
oceemeH e dannoM [t. e. 60-m] ebinyace He noJiHOM. 
ToabKO EOT KTO H Korna BbipBer apecxanra h3 KorreR 
KTB? 

...Ho, MOTKCT 6b]Tb, 3T0rO BUnyCKa «XpOHHKH» 

sasHbiM-jasKo hct b npMpoue? CymecTBytOT cpOKM nan 
xpaHeHHfl paiaH^Hux .lOKVMeHTOB. nocae KOTopux ohm 
noiuiewaT yHHiToiKeHHK) h cwHraKiTCfl, fla. KaKHe-TO 
cpoKii cymecTByioT. fla, ito-to c*MraeTC(i. Ho ~ He 
Bcpio! 

j]y6flHKa BceraaoTaHHaaacb HeBeposTHofl uenKoc- 
Tbio. Ee 3anpaBK.ibi - paiHTeabHue xo3)ieBa. ohh cipe- 
MHTCX HaseHHO COXpaKHTb H ViiepiKaTb BCe. HTO Koriia-TO 
nona.3o b hx pynH. Mower owiTb, pyKonMCH jchctbh- 
TeabHo c)KMraioTC«. ho hto weuiaeT npeztsaptiTejibHO 

CJieJiaTb MHKpOKOnHK)? 

...B Mae 1926 r. corpy^iHHKH OmV npoK3BejiH 
oobicx y 3aMeHaTej]bHoro pyccKoro nwcaTcia. H3t.hjim 
nosecTb H 3 TeipaaH ero flneBHHKOB. Aarop ynopno 
Tpe6oBa.i B03Bpa[ueHH5i othsiux 6yMar. h b KOHue koh- 
uoB, cnycTJi j roaa, Ofny BepHy.no pyKonHcw. H xorjia 
niicaTedibCBOHMMpyKaM[ic)KercBOHjHeBHHKii. OnyMep 
B 1 940 r., laK h hc yBiiaes naneiaTaKHbiMH cBoti jiyiujHe 
KHHm. Ho asone cowwcHHue iiKesHHKH b HoseCiiuiie 
BpeMeKaMyaecHUM o6pa30M BoccTaati h3 neruia. 0Ka3U- 
BaeTCfl, npewae hcm aepHyrh SyuarH, neKHCTU chhjih c 
HHX KonHH. Tax cuaa. bchho xoiJiLuafi sjia. HHoraa Bonpe- 
K1I co6cTBeHHoH BOJie cosepiuaer 6aaro. A c3m nuca- 
leab, M. A. Ey.iraKOB, a cbocm SHaMCHHTOM powaHe 
B.io)t!Hji B ycTa BoaaHita npoponecKHe c.iosa: «PyKonu- 
cu He iopumln 

...Eu^e nflTb BbinycKOB 

KoK(t)HCKOBaHHufl 59-() BbinycK iianipoBaH 15 ho- 
}idp)i 1980 r, noc.iea,HHn m sbiuieiimHX HOMepos, 64-0, 
- 30 HKJHH i 982 r. HraK, BnepeaH y «XpoHHKH)> ocTaaa- 
jiocb erne no<iTH asa roiia. 

BraxjiHMCfl b 3th BunycKH, Bce ohh - 6aabiuHe. 
CBUiue 100 CTpaHHU Ka>K;ibiH. A caMbiR htojictuR)' h3 
Bcex ~ 6j-fi - ueaax KHHra B 250 CTpattHU y5opHCToro 
TCKcra. fHanoMHio: do nojioauHbi 70-x, ebtxodn e cped- 
HBM pa3 e dea MecH^a. Oto-xiemeHb u\ie.i odbeM cnaiwia 
s 30-50. nosdnee a 70-90 cmpauun). Jlaaee. ;iaTa na 
BbinycKeoiHanaeT. KOHeiHOiKe, HeaeHbBUXOiiaoioJUie- 
TeHsi, a TOT py6e», nocae KOToporo paccKaa o nocjieay- 



#*w kvia.org 



114 



^ n HGTOPHI KHAKOMblCANH 



loutHx co6i>iTH)i\ noftaer b cjieayMJuiHfl noMep. Tenepb 
nojcHHTaeM. ApecTOBaHHbift X559 ot 15.1 1.80 r. 6u.i 
3a6paH Ha o6bicKe 20 (|)eBpa.in 1981 r., t. e. cnycta TpH 
c J1HIUHHM Mecsiua nocjie npociaBJieHHofi aarbi. unoiTH 
roTOBwfl" Xs55 OT 3 1 . 1 2.79 r. 5bi;i b3ht y A. Jlasyra 29 
anpe.iH 1980 r. Biijhmo. 3-4 Mecnua h ecTt peajibHufi 
cpOK juiH noaroTOBKH H BbinvcKa Howepa. Hi-ia npecJte- 
aoBaHHfl KfB MaujKHOnHCHbix nepenenaTOK BHjTpH 
CTpaMti CTanoBHJiocb Bce MeHbuie. H mo5bi no-HacTO- 
aiuewy aoBTM jo iHTarejis. 6io.TJieTeHb aanweH owji 
CKanajia npoae-iaib iia.ieKHfl nyrb jo lajiHUseBCKoro 
HSiiaTCJibCTsa «XpoHiiKai> b MbiO'nopKC. GuTb tbm Ha- 
SpaHHtiM. HanenaTaHHUM. H BepHVTbcsaoMortnOTacH- 
Hot^. ipesaTOfi MHorHMH onacHocTHMti joporoO. 

J*fs 62 OT 14.07.81 r. nepen3jaH b Hbio-HopKe b 
1982 r.Xs 63 OT 31.12.81 r. nepewaaaH e 1983 r.X5 64 
OT 30.06.82 r. repeHiaaH b 1983 r. Tak-HW oopaioM, 
paccKa3 6K>ji.ieTeH(i o npoHcmeaiuHx cofibiTHsx B03Bpa- 
iiia.ioi Ka poanH> tnycm no-iTopa-jBa roja. 3to hc 
MMeeT iHaMeHKJt ajifi HCTopHka. ho cthuikom noiaHO - 
juis coBpeweHHHKa. H Koraa-io nonyjiapHbifl, 3Heprini- 
HO caMOpasMHOwaatUHficfl b caMHsaaTc SiojuieTeHb see 
6ofibme Tepuji oTeiecTBeHHoro HHTBTCjifi. 

OrpoMHbrfl. TfljKKHfi H onacHefliuHfl rpya ciaHo- 

BH-lCfl HCHVTKHblM! B IWTH (TOCJieaHHX BUnVCKaX CyM- 

MapHo 787 cTpaHHu - fHraHTCKafl )iH<popMauHii! Iloa 
TaKofi TqjKCCTbio aayfce y 6oraTwpn MornH6b[ nojiorHyrb- 
ca Horn. A ace HiaaHwe «TaHyjiH» HecKOnbKO MCioabix 
pefiflT. ripH 3T0M ywe nosBii-iHCb HOBbte, 6oaee onepa- 
THBHbie. MCM «XpOHHKa». HHCJKipMauHOHHwe SKJ.xneic- 

HH- 6e3b[M)IHHbie cSopHHKII "B)> B COBCTCKOM CotOSC H 

inaaEoiiiMeoi K. JlioSapcKHM c Koniia 1978 r. «BecTH m 
CCCPm - B <DPr. HCT. He Kr5 3aaaBHa «XpOHMKy»! 
3tot SfOAJiereHb He paa aeMOHCTpKpo8a.i cboio cnoc<i6- 

HOCTb HepOKHBaTb 11 HCKHCTCKHfi lUaHTa*. H 06bICKH, H 

apecTbi CBOHX KoppecnoaaeHTOB. nepeneMatHHKoa, pe- 
aaKTOpoB. HaiiuiHCb 6m it Ha 3tot pas ;iioaH, Ho c 
«XpoHitKofi» c.iymuiacb xyinuan 6eaa: nepewHB cboc 
BpeMn. ona craHOBiuiacb HeBOcrpeGoBaHHoFl. 

O 4eM we coo6maaa «XpOHHKa)i b 3TMX hmth homc- 
pax? Koraa-TO, b kohuc iiiccTHaecHTWx roaoB. 6iojxie- 
leHb cBHaereabCTBOBEJ! o lapoKaenHH h cTaHOB-icHHH 
OTe^ecTBeHHoro ConpoTHBJieHiiJi. Tenepb - paccKasu- 
Ba,T TOM, KaK KTB aoBepmacT pajrpOM tipaao^aiuHTHo- 
ro asHKeHHfl. O cyae wan A. JlaByioM (npnroBop - 3 
roaaaarepd): o cyae naa B. MefijiaHOBbiw (sa oawHOH- 
Hyio l!-MHHyTHyK) aeMOHCTpauHK) b MaxaiKane a ja- 
iilKTy A, CaxapoBa einy aajiw 7 jict MCTporaHa» h 2 roaa 
ccujikk): o cyae Haa JI. Tcphobckhm (3 roaa jiareps): o 
cyaaxKaViq^aHHe, caaBHuiHxciDKecTOKOCTbionpMroBO- 
pOB: no 7 aei «CTporaMa» c rocjieayiomefi ccuaKOfl 
C. XMape H B. lileBHeitKo. 5-neTi<cTpora'ia»coccbijiKofi 
A. liicBHeHKO. riocjieaHefi H3 ocTaflaBuiHxcji HaCBo6oae 
HJienoB y KpaHHCKOfi Xr 75-.ieTneft OKcaHe MeuiKoaajiH 
[lo.irooa «CTporaHa)> h 5 .lei ccbiaKH. 

BbiJiH ocy^aeHbi ace eme ocTaaaBiuitecn Ha Bo.ie 
KJicHbi Pa6oHefi komhcchh no ncHXHarpHH: s XapbKoae 
cya HHarpaaHJi" Bpa^a-ncHXHaTpa A. KopdniHa 7 roaa- 



MK '<crporaHa» H 5 roaaMK ccbiaKH; cyau b MocKae 
npHrOBopH-TM (b. CepeSpoea k 4 roaaM ocTporaiaii ii 5 
roaaM ccb].^KH h H. fpHBHiiHy - k 5 roaaw ccbijtKH. 

B Mae 1980 r. Swaa apecToaaHa Maew MFX 
T. Ociinoea; d aBrycTe 1981-ro - ee mv*. TaKwc i.ich 
MfX, H, Kosaaea. C iToro bpcmchh ii3 Bcero cocTaaa 
MocKOBCKOii rpynnbi«XejibcitHKH»HacBo6oaeocTa- 
aocb TO.ibKO TpH HejioBCKa: 58-,ieTHajt E. B0HH3p. 60jib- 
uiyio lacTi. BpeMeHM BbiH>'-KaeHHa)i WHTb b ropi.kOM 
(Kyaa 6bia coc.naH ee mvjk, A. Caxapos). 74-jieTHHJt C. 
KaaaHCTpaTOBa h 70-aeTHHfi npo(t)eccop-MaTeMaTHK H, 
MeflMaH. B to we BpcMJi aeBHTb mjkhob MTX npe6b[Ba- 
aiiBaarepax nun accbiJiKc. HecKoabK0 4e.ioBeK-3Miir- 
pHpoaaao. B ceHTs6pe h aexaSpe 1981 r. ObijiH npoBeae- 
Hbi oDbicKii y C. KaauHCTpaTOBoR. ii na nee 6bj.io 3aBeae- 
Ho yrojiOBHoe aejio. B ccHTBope 1982 r. MFX 6ujia 
BunyiKaeHa npexpaTHTb cboio aetiTejibHocTb... 

Xeaad caoMiirb BOaio yiHiiKOB coBeCTii. B.iaCTii ace 
latiie crajtK 4>a6pHKOBaTb nporiiB no-iiiTiaxjihOHCKHbix 
(<ayTbie» noBTOpHue aeaa - aH6o b cauoM aarepe HaKa- 
MyHe OKOHianmi cpOKa. aH6o acKope nocae ocBoSoxae- 
HiiB.TaKoeHepa3CJiyHaaocb>TKeBnepiioa6pe)KHeBCKO- 
ro «3acTOJi» (M. ^aceMHaeB, A. EoaoHKHK, B. Gapaaaa- 
Hj, B. Ct>c k apyme). Ho ocoSchho nMuiHbiM ubctom 
3Ta rnyCHafl npaKTHxa paciiBCjia bo speMena anaponoB- 
uuiHbi (rOJibKO B aeKa6pe t982-HaHa.ie 1983 r. He buui- 
annoKOHiiycpOKaB. A6paMKHH. B. BaxMHH. A.JlaBvr). 

17 HHBapa 1982 r. yuep mcaieab BapaaM lllana- 
MOB, MHoroacTHHfi y3HHK CTajiKHCKHx .larepefl. flocae- 
aHHe roaiiJ oh KaxoajLicn a oahom hi mockobckhx ao- 
MOB-HHTepHaTOB JUIH lfHBa.lliaOB. 14 siHBapji (hc 6e3 
«npoTeKUHH» KFB!) oh 6bia nepeaeaeH b HHTepHaT a-ia 
ncifxoxpoHHKOB, Tae lepes 3 aH)i CKOHMancn. PaccKai o 
nocjieaKeM roae ero ;i.-H3HH noMemeH b 64-m BbimCKe 

<(XpOHHKHl>. 

B Mapre 1981 r. BoiepeaHOfi-iuecTofi! -pa3 0wa 
apccTOBanA. MapicHKO. 3aH3aaHHyK)mpy6e«OM khh- 
ry «Ot Tapycbi ao MyHbi». sa caMHjaaTCKyio nyoamuic- 
THKy n tepHOBwesaniiCHcya npHroaopuji ero k 10 roaaM 
CTpororo aareps h5 roaaM ccuaKn. (BdeKaOpe 19862. 
noaie noumu liembipexueatuHoii paiodnenv c mpeooea- 
HueM ocsoSoxcdeiiiH naiumsaKTo'ieHHbix MapwsHKO no- 
^ll6Hem s WucmonojbCKOU mfopttMe. Bceeo Hedeiio cny- 
cniMA. Caxapoey 6ydem paipeiueno eepHymbCH s Mock- 
ey. A ecKope HatHemcii u oceo6ooicdenue nnaiumuHec- 
Kuxf. Ho 3mo 6ydem yjice la npedejiavu tXpoHUKuu). 

rioTepnHHbiM M o6peTeHHbiH 

Ro KOHua 1980-x n cHHTaa 54-ri nocaeaHHM H3 
HOMepoB «XpoHHKHJi, Ho HOTOM y3Haa B «MeMOpnaae», 
iTo rae-To cymecTBycT eme oaHH, HCHiaaHHbUi h hohth 
HiiKOMy He H3BecTHbiil 65-fi BwnycK. flojrro a hc Mor 
Haih^H K HeMy noaxoau. Hune, Daaroaapji atoBesHocTH 
A. ,UaHH3afi, a aspvuy 3tot noMcp b cbohx pyKax. rioabay- 
locb caynacM eme paa Bb<pa3MTb AjicKcaHapy cbokj 5jia- 
roaapHOCTb. 

HCM *-e nosecTByioT 3tii nocaeaHHe 1 28 cTpsHHu 
.ieTonHCHOTeiecTBeHHoroConpoTHB.TeHHii70HHpac- 



I 



-KAPTA' NI3S-40 2004 



^ 13 MdaPIIN NKAKOMbOlil 



1SS 



CKa3UBaioT BTopofl noJiOBHHe 1982 roaa. O cyae aaa 
xy;ioiKHMKOM B. PpKHeBbiM: la iiOrKpuToe nHctMoii c 
0TKa30M OT coBercKoro rpaacMHCTBa CMy aanw 3 roaa. 
Oh nonajer b «Moft»narepb noii Ouckom nepei HecKOjib- 
KO iiHett nocjic Mocro ocbo6oh(jichh*[. 

06 apecTe 10 ceHTsopji npaBOiaiuHTHHKa A-ieKcen 
CMHpKoea. Oh noMoraji iiXpoHiiKC)) h MFX, cocTaaim;! 
SiojuieTeHH '<B», (Bo epeMU aieOcmsux e Jeipopmoee 
CMupHoea HO iiecKo.ibKO .uecfiiiee noMeutaiu e enpecc- 
xamy>i. cde y^o.^0BHUKU y^pooicaiu smv ta6ueHueM, ue 
daeca cnattib. Cyd npueoeopum Aieuiy k 6 codan cmpo- 
^o^o.la^ep}i u 4-ccbi'iKU. Onebiudem HuceoCudymu.ibKv 
eo epeMU ^opSaieacicou "nepecmpouKua s 198' ■> / 

«jeJie» C. B. KannHCTpaTOBoii. OopauieHHe b ee 
lauurry erne b ((leBpajie HanHcan A. CaxapoB. Flociie 
cepHH oCbicKOB II jonpocoB SecHTHopji 1982 r. efi Swjio 
o6i.HB.ieHO. 1TO OHa ooBHHHCTca no craTbe 190-1 VK, 

HeCKOJIbKO JieCHTKOB npaBOiaUlHTHHKOB BUCiyniUIH c 

OTKpMTbIM TlHCbMOM B 66 3aiUHTy. Ha aonpOCaX OHH 

roBopHJiH. MToo6BHHeHne B "loieBeTea no OTHoiueHHio k 
Co4)be BacH-TbCBHe. 6e3ynpeHHO necTHOMy h nopsjio'i- 
HOHv HCJioBCKy. - aBcypaHO. (O. UltnaHOBiii wa jonpo- 
ce laflBiin. hto jtHua. npeiHiXBHsmHC KajinHCTpaTOBoH 
oSBMHCHHe B Kjiesere. iHaiOT ^aseiioMO. ito hx o6BHHe- 
HHe - jioJKHo, 4T0 no3TOMy HMeKHo OHH tioiuiewaT yro- 
jioBHofl oTBCTCTBeHHocTH TO cTaTbc 1 76 VK {«npMB;ie- 
leHiie laseaoMo KesHHOBKoro k yrojiOBHoti OTBercTBeH- 
hocthb). Ha Borpoc cjiejoBaTciJi, novewy oh ciHraeT 
BujiBHHyToe rpoTHB KajinHCTpaTOBoR o^BHHeHiie <i3aBe- 

flOMO ilOKHblM", lllHXaHOBHM OTBCTIUi: HflOTOMy HTO HC 

ciHTaio .iiojieft. BbiaBHHyBuiHX 3TO o6BnHeHHe. nj'paka- 
MH». ^onpamiiBaeMbie rOBOpanH o tom, hto TS-jicthhh 
Co(t>bn BacHjibesna - tawCvio 6o;ii.H0fl vCjioBeK, hto 
yrojTOBHoe npecjieaoeaHHe ee HeTOJibKo6c33aKOHHo, ho 
-SecHCjioBeiHO. 

BaoKyMCHTeXs 196 MPX laxBiina. hto bcjiojkhb- 
lueltcH oScTanoBKe rpynna BbiKy)f(jeHa npeKpaTHtb 
cBoro paSoTy. 10 cewTJiGpji Co^hsi Baeii/iteBHa nanajia 

(C0BMeCTH0CaJB0KaT0M)3HaK0MHTbCJICOeB0HMJieJ10M. 

A B Hanajie oKTfi6ps cjicaoaaTejib ooTjasMJi, hto zicto 
KaiuiHCTpaTOBofi "npnocTaHOB;ieHo»... 

Ha YxpaHHe B ceHTJi6pe apecToaaHa no3Tecca, npa- 
B03aiuHTHniia H 0TKa3HHua H. PaTyujHHCKaH. 3a hc- 

GKOJIbKO CaWHSaaTCKHX CTHXOB CC oSbHHHT B «aHTHCO- 

BfiTCKOtl arinauHH ii nponaraidei) ii BCKope npnroeopHT 
- «no noTo.iKy»! - k 7 rojiaM cTpororo jiareps m 5 - 
ccbiJiKK. Ca*aTb no3Ta la ero cthxh hc TOJibKO npeciyn- 
Ho. HO H no3opH0. *eHmiiHy-no3Ta - noiopno BjBoBHe. 
Ho HeKHCTaM BO Bce RpeMeHa 6bi;in H>-«aw noao6Hue 
caHTHMCHTbi, M OHH HHHjTb HC fiosTCS npeipeHHJi H cyjia 
noTOMCTsa. 

1 iieKa6p»c B Mop;ioBCKOM jiarcpe cTpororo pcwHMa 
o&bOBHJia rojiOiiOBKy c rpeSoBaHHCM npeaocTaaHTh cbh- 
;iaHHe c My«eM T. OcHnosa. CBKaaHiin meiKiiy jaioiio- 
HeHHWMH-poacTBCHHHKaMH B npHHUHHc Hc ^anpeuieHbi, 
HO H, KoBa-iesa waMepeHHO HanpasitnH a nepMCKHft 
;iarepb. noiianbiue ot %eHu. 8 JieKaSps TaTbune HanajiH 
npHHyaHTCjibHoe KopM.ieHHe, naaeBan napvHHHKH ii npii- 



MeHHH poTopacu])ipHT«jib. 27 neicaCpfl H3 rVHTy npH- 

iiicji oTKaa BTpe6oBaMHH TaTbHHw... 

I aeKa^pa 1982 r., la 3 ahh so oKOHiaHHS cpoKa, 
npoTHB B. ASpaMKHHa 6bLno BOiSy^KjieHo hoboc, Jiarcp- 
Hoc, jtJ\o Bce no TOft wc cTaibe 1 90- 1 . . . 

^i. HH(t)opMaiiH}i 6e33aKOHHbix penpecctinx hh- 
Hyn. He HCCHKa,ia. iXo cnx nop HeniBecTHo. noHewy ne 
aouuia ;io Hbio-l^opKCKOro ii3iiaTeJii>cTB3 ornpaBJienHan 
Tyiia 65-fl «XpoHiiKa». npec-ieaoBaHim n apecTu hc 
103BOJIIUIU jaaepuiHTb pa60Ty Haayxe naiaTUM 66-m 
BunycKOM (ero oiiaH-or.iaBJieHne coxpaHHjicn Hcerojna 
HMceicH B «MeMopHa;ie»). Ho 3tot BunycK He 6bi.i 
3akoH<ieH H He auuieji H ceRiac mhc oCTacTcn tojTi.ko 
KopoTKO 20CKa3aTb HHTaTe.iK) nocjieayiouiHe cyabfiu 
KecKoabKHX nepcoHaiKeR Moefi i<Carni>. 

BajiepMfl A5paMKHHnojiyHHTHOTCHaHTeiue3 roaa. 
CeroaHK oh - pyKOBOJiHTe.Tb ofiLuecTBCHHoro Uempa 
coflcfiCTBHH peijjopMe yrojiOBHoro npaBocyjiHs, cosjia- 
rejib pajwonepenaHH «06;iaKa»-0 3aKJiioHeHHwx h ojih 
laKJiioHeHHUx. 

He BUiliieT no KONuy cpoKa h BuHecjiaB EaxMHH. 
.larepHut) cya iio6aBHT k ero cpoKv roa h Meciiu. 

54-neTHero AjicKcanapa JlaBvia noBTopHbiH cya 
npHPOBOpHT K 5 roiiBM ccujiKH. nepea OTnpaBKofl k 
MecTy ccuaKH (MyMUKan XaSapoBCKOro Kpaii) ero 6yayT 
joaroaonpauiHBaTbBCH30noaejiy K>. UlHxaHOBHHa. 

Banpejie 1983 r. 6yaeTapecTo»anCepreRXoaopo- 
BHH. pacnopHaHTCjib (PoHaa romoiuh nojiHTsaiciiOHeH- 
HbiM, cMeHHBuiHfiHaaTOMonacHOMnocTv A. rHH36ypra, 
K. JlK)6apcKoro. M. Jlanay, T. XoaopoBMH h ap, B 
cjTcicTBeHHOM HiojiHTopeeronoaaeprajiMHsdHeHKOM. B 
aenaSpecya npiirOBopHT ero k 3 roaaw CTpororo Jiarepa. 

BnoaSpe I983r. SyaeTapecToaaH K). LUiixaHOBHH. 
sbinycKaiouiHH pcziaKTop MHornx HOMCpoe "XpoHHKH», 
no CTBTbC 70 VK PCctCP cya b ceHTJi6pe 1 984 r. naina- 
HHT CMy 5 JicT laKJDOHeHHH B .aarepecTpororo pewHMa h 
5 aer ccuaKH. 

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HHc HOBoro reHccKa K). AnaponoBa. CeroaHJi wacc- 
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CCbUIKII 

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. . . TbMa crymaeTCB nepeji paccBCTOM. Ocenbio 1 982 
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B TopbKOM. riOHTIl Bce npaBOiamUlHHKH B TTOpbMaX H 

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noMTH jecsTHJieTHsa aiJiraHCKaj] BoiiHa? Hto BecbcaM- h 
T3MK3jiaT (la KOTopbiR eiue KejasHO caxa-TH!) SyncT 
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pHTb M nitcarb see. mto mw aeftcTBHTCjibHO jyMaeM? Mto 
3MHrpaiuis cTancT cBo6oaHOft? Mtc jnoan CMoryr 6e3 

BCXKHX XapaKTepHCTHK napTKOMOB H np0(t)K0«0B e33HTb 

3a rpaHHuy h B03BpamaTbC)i oGparHo? 4to hc lojibKo 
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iicKarb 6jiarocKjTOHHOCTii uepKOBHUx nepapxoB? 

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KOB, KpeCTbflHCTBO. OCTaBH.!!! HBM B HaCJieilCTBO TOilbKO 

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uiHHCTBa HaceiieHKN, Hosue pa3iie;ieHiie ha <t6e.Tbix», 
«KpacHbix» H oKopHMHeBUxn. y-«e craBiiBiuee crpawy Ha 
rpaHb rpaxiiaHCKon boHku? 

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BnpoHBM. KorjiaoHHObi.THjierKHMH?! Brojibi.OKOTopux 
a paccK33biBa.n HiiTaTejiio. b Hauieit cTpane BbtxoiiHJio b 
cyiiiHOCTH TOJibKO ojHo 6ecueH3ypHoe h cboSojhoc h3- 
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Mbi MoiKCM 6eiDO)i3HeKHo roBopiiTb H cyiiHTb o6o BceM. 
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Hcfluiaa npejinocbi.iKa Toro, hto mm BbiocpeMCn »z saca- 
cuaaioiuetl Hac TpsicHHbi. Mbi cnoco6Hbi no6eiiirrb 6e3- 
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KH EciHHayMHMCflCJiyuraTbiipyrj^iyraHBMecTeHCKaTb 
BbixOi]H3 lynHKa. 

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CTBO CBOfioiiHoro cioBa. HcjiapoM see TiipaHU 6o]<tc>i 
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nOJHpMO THpaHHH? 

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hum! Bcilb "^tai^Hocnib — ... nepeoe ycjioeue 3i)oposti« 
eaiKOiO ooutecmeoB (A. ConweHHUbiH). Paan 6yaymero 
cTpanbi, paflH HauiirxaeTefl h BHyKOB mu o6n3aHu otcto- 
HTb SecucHHoe 6jiaro CBo6oiiHori pcHH. B stom 3ajior 
Haiuero BU^iiopoBneHiui, HanoMHio cnoea JIhjmk Hy- 
kobckoH; efde ue noeu&w aioeo. miv>i cnaceno 6yOy- 

)KH3Hb nocjie CMepTH 

«XpoKHKa» He BbiKoaHT yjKe 6ojibiue asyx aecsTH- 
.tcthH. Ona Hcno.iHHfla cboio mhcchto nepea coBpeweH- 
HMKaMH - noBCiiana CTpane h wHpy o BO^HMKHoeeKHH b 

COBCTCKOM C0K)3e ilBHWeHHH 13 HpaBB HeJlOBeKB H 33- 



■KAPTA- KBJSJO 20(M 



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187 



nenaT/rejia hhcbohx cipaHHuax iipaMaTHHecKne nepune- 

THH npOTilBOCTOHHHfljlHMHOCTH rOCVjapCTBeHHOMV MOH- 

CTpy.OHanOMooaaHccHjeHTaM-onnosHUHOHepaMyBH- 
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CoBCTCKOM CoK)3e, H 6e3ero HHiJiopMaUHM npaBoaainHT- 
Hbie opraHHiauHH Ha lauane He MoniH 6b[ opraHH^oabi- 
BaTb KaMnaHHH a 3aiuHT>' no/iKTiaKjitOMeHHbix a CCCP. 
B )TOM -inaieune nepsoD >Kif3HM «XpoHHKH». 

HywHa JH oHa cerojHH? Komv cettiac. b aaaauaTb 
nepBou BCKe, ^axoHeicfi KonaTbCR b CecHHCJiCHHux npo- 
TecTHbfx nMCbMax h jeMOHc-rpaiwix. HHTaTbO kakhx-to 
npaB03a[UHTKb[x rpynnax h KOMHTCTax, o SecKOHCMHUX 
iionpocax. o6b[CKax, apecrax h jiarepHux [:poKax.o 6opb- 
6e«nojiHTHHecKHX»BTiopbMaxH.iarepHX3acBOHnpaBa? 
KoMy HHTepecHbi «hobocth» o co6i>iTt{»x 20-30-jneTiieJl 
aaBHOCTH? BccMV cBoe BpeMu. nopa Ham h OTaoxHvrb or 
noaoCHOfi rewaTHKH. 

Ho6e3«XpoHHKM»Keo6oftTHCbiio6pocoBecrH0My 
yncHOMy. H3j"iaK)iiieMy o6iiiecTBeHHMe saHxeHim b Co- 
BCTCKOM CoK)3e. Bcflb B coBCTCKHx - nojmeH3ypHbix! - 
ra3eTax h >KypHa.iax oh hc HaltiieT aocTosepHbix csejie- 
hhH (a nopofl - aawe ynoMHwaHHtl) hh o MOJiojieHtHbix 
rpynnax MapKCHCTCKoro ronKa, hh o noiinojibKOM «Bce- 
poccHttCKOM couHaji-xpHCTHancKOM coi03e acBo5o»uie- 
HHH Hapoaaw (BCXCOH), "ineHbi xoToporo CujIH ocy*- 
iieHbi B JleHHMrpane b 1967-68 roaax. fae. mk hc b 
«XpoHHKe». fipOHTCT HCTopHK 06 HHHUHaTHBHofl rpyn- 
ne (HP). nepBofl OTKpwro o6bflB.ieHHofi b CCCP npaBo- 
aauiHTHofi opraHH3aiuiH? O Komhtctc npas HcioBexa. 

COSaaHHOM B 1970 r. B MoCKBC? O «XpHCTHaHCKOM 

KOMHTCTC 3amHTb] npaB BcpyioiuHX B CCCPH? H pane 
flpyrHx accouHauHfl h rpynn - h b PCfCCP, h b coioshux 
pecny6jTHKax? HanSojiee lOBecTHa m hhx MocKOBCKas 
rpynna«Xe;]bCHHKH». EeflOKyMeHTbi(HMaTepHa.TiJ kcc 
KCTopHH) 6b[.iH coSpanu II nepeH3jaHbi a MocKse k 25- 
jiCTHfo MrX B 2001 r. Ho aenb s CCCP xcjibCHHKCKHC 
rpynnu cytiiecTBOBajiH TaKwe Ha VKpaHHC, s Apmchmh. 

B fpyjHH H B JIhTBC. HHX TOWC HC BOpaBC yMOJIHaxb 

HecTHwfi HCTopHK. H cjiejosaTejibHO. onjiTbaojiwcHGy- 
aer oSparHTtca k «XpoHHKe». 

Ho rae ee HafiiH? noji6opKa bccx ee BbinycKOB 
6.iaroiiapfi cTapa^HRM KHE HSHaiajibHo 6w-ia 6h6jiho- 
rpai|)HiccKoft peaKocTbK). HcnpasHTb Tasoe no-iowcHHC 
CMOMccT. BHaHMo. y»ce Mitoro jict noaroTaaaMBaeMoe 
<iMeMOpnajioM» nojiHoe nepeM3iiaHHe acex HOMCpoa 
«XpoHHKH)>. CHa6)KeHHoe noapoSHbiM KOMMeHiapHCM. 
OHO BBcacT B HayiHoe oGpameHwe Maecy iJiaKTOH h aoKy- 

MCHTOB. H 3T0 CTaHCT BTOpOfl *H3HbKI «XpOKHKH». (Ad- 

pec apxuaa XTC e HHmepueme hup://www. memo.ru,' 
history/diss/chr/ - npiLv.ped.) 

Ho noaoSHoe MHoroTOMHoe HsaaHHC. npeaHaina- 
HeHHoe aim npoi})cccHOHana-cneuHanHCTa, hc craHer 
■iHTaTb lUHpoKafl ny6.iHKa. A oienb aawHo. itoSm hh- 



[i>0pMaUHaHnpHMCpbiH3«Xp0HHKHi)CTa.THa0CT0flHHCW 

Kax nowHO So.nee uiiipoKoro Kpyra jrioaeft, oco6eHHo 
MOjioaewH. Mto inn 3Toro cieaver caciaTb? 

Mhc xawcTCJi. 4T0 Ha 6a3e nojinoro "aKaacMHiec- 
Koro" H3aaHiiJi c,ieaoBa.io 6bi cocTaaiiTb XpecTOMaiHio 
H36paHNbix MaTepiia.iOB «XpOHHKH». Tyaa Mor.nii 6u 
BOfiTHo63opbi HaHSoacesHaiHWbixnciHTHiecKHx npo- 

UeCCOB, flpKHC npHMCpbl HCHaCH-TbCTBCHHOrO npOTHBO- 

cTOJiHHJi peixHMy, BOttHiOLUHe ciynan npcc.ieaoBaHHtt 3a 
cioBo H y5e*fleHHS. Ceft^ac, Koraa CCCP Soabuie hct, 

Hajo, HTo6bi KaKMO}KHo6ojibU]ejiK)aeii noHHMa.no; hmcm- 
HOCOBCTCKHCBJiacTH H KFB - caMH HC co3HaBa!i Toro,- 
eaciajTH Heii36e«HbiM pasBan CoToia. EecnoiuaaHuwH 
npecaeaoBaHHaMH h MHOroacTHHMH cpoKaMH ajih 3a- 

LUHTHHKOB HaUHOKaJlbHOF) KVabTypbl H H3blKa OHH CCfl.lH 

HCHaBHCTb K PoccHH B co>o3rtbLX pccnySjiHKax. HbiKem- 
HHC poccHflcKHC KOMMyHHCTbi npcanonHTaiOT He Bcno- 
MHHaTb 06 3TOM. Boabuic Toro, OHH SeccTbiJHo TBepam" 
c 6yjro 6bi uapHBUiefi b Cobctckom Co!03e BCeoGuieR 
apyTK6eHapoaoB. HonyCTbjTioaii(oco6eHHo wojioawe!) 
iKaioT: KascHHbie 3aBepcHH)i b HepyuiHuoif apyncSc hh- 
4yTb He Mcuiajit^ cobctckhm BJiacTXM cyaHTb h cawaTb 
HHTeonHrcHUHK) H wypHajiHCTOB B <(5paTCKiiX" pecny5- 
-iMKax, ocMejiHBiuHxcfl B03pa)«aTb npoTiiB HacK/TbCTBen- 
HoR pycHfJiHKaiuiH. 3apa6oTaTb cpoK moikko Sbuo h 
apypHMH, HCBHHHefiiuHMH no ceroaHaujHHM MepKaM 
cnoco6aMH. 

TaK. uikO-ibHHUa Enpyre refiaane b 1 969 r. nojnymi- 
Jia noaxopa roaa aareps TOJibKO 3a to. hto Bbraecnaa 
aarbitiiCKHfl HauH0Ka.3bHb]tt 4)jiar. 

A BOT LUO(|>ep B. MaftsycKac, BbiBeciiBiuHfl b 1 972 r. 
anroBCKHfl (jiaar, 6b[Ji npHSHaH HCBMenaeMbiM h noMe- 
men a ncHxfioabHHuy. Mto 6bi bu npeano^aH cbmh aas 
ce6a, HwraTcab, -aarepb kih ncHxyuiKV? 

BKan, 1TD 3a UHBHaHSOsaHHbie rjiopMbi Bbipa>KeHHn 
HecoraacHH caeayioT wcctokhc Kapu, HeKOTopwe peuia- 
JiMCb cTpaiiiHbiM cnocoSoM npHHccTH ceSs Ha anrapb 
CBoero OTCHccTBa. Mw o6ii3aHbi 3HaTb » noMHHTb 
laKHx aioajix. 

5 acKaSpfl 1968 r. b Khebc coBepiiiK:i caMocojKwe- 

HHC VHHTeat B. MaKyxa. SblBUlHfi y3HHK CTa.lHHCKHX 

.larepeO. )KiiBon 4'^Ke;i BbiKpHKiiBai: «fla 3apaBCTByeT 
CBo6oaHa5i yKpaHHa!» MaKvxa cKOHia.ica b xneBCKofi 
6oabHHue. 

rioaoSKbic «yTKne npoTCCTbi npoHCKoaniH m b 
npH6aaTHKe. B Mac 1972 r. b Kaynace (KaK b 1969 r b 
4exocaoBaKiiH - JJh na-iax) cosepuiHa caMocowwcHHc 
Bbin>CKHHK uiKoau PoMac Ka,iaHTa. Oh TpeSosaji cao- 
6oay JIhtbc. BcKOpe b Kaynace eme aaa hctobcks nocjic- 
aoBMH ero CTpaiDHOMy npHuepy. JlHtOBUbr htst naMart 
P. Ka.iaHTbi. HO saacTH b roaosiuHHy ero rH6e;]H nepe- 
xpueaiH aopory k ero Mornae. , . 

O crpaiUHOM caMocoxnKeHHH Mycw MaMyra b 
1978 r. a ywc paccKaiuaaa b raaae kpumckhx larapax, 

KaKaaTbnoHyBCTBOBaTbMoaoawMHHTaTCiaM rHC- 
Tymyio aTM0C(t>epy tcx jict. o KOTOpux rax TOCKyiOT 
crapyuiKH noa KpacHWMH 3HaMeHaMH? Bot eme oaHa 
neMa.ibHa»i h npocTan HCTopHS, B tuapTe 197! r. co- 



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188 



^ 113 HCTflPIK lil1AKDMblCJIN8 



TpyjHHKH KrEjonpocH-iH capaTOBCKoro BpaKa-peHtre- 
KOJiora Hwiry Kaxuanaoey. y KOTopoft npii o6i.[Cice 6ijjih 
Hafi;ieHU cawHijiaTCKHe Marepiia^itJ . Kto mojkct CKa- 
3aTb, HCM yrpowajiH. nero TpeSoeajiH or Hee wkhctu? 
Ha cjiejiyioiunfl acHb H. Kaxuajsoaa noacctijiacb. 

Kto-to cfcH3Birr: uV HeciacTHoii nauoiKii. aojiWHO 
SbiTb, npoCTO cjiajTH HepBun. JlerKO HpoHHiHpoBarb Haj 
HyjKoRSeiiofi! BoreuieoaHH rpiiMep in<(XpoHHKn», B 
TOM we roiiy, b f^eepitiie, b AjiMa-Are, nocjie o6wcKa ii 
jioTTpoca B KFE noKOHHHJi whihii caMoyCHflCTBOM juttc- 
paiypoBeji E<))HM JlaHaay. Emv 6u;io 54 roaa. 

AKaaeMHKy.IlMHTpHKjCepreeBHiyjlHxaHeByjiOBe- 
iiocb a MOJioaocTH npoRTH >!epc3 ConoBKH h BwiOMopKa- 
Haji. Ho HcnbiraHHH we cjiomhjih ero. He cae-iajiH ((CJia5o- 
HepBHbiM». Oh coxpanuT HyscTBo co6cTBeHHOro aocro- 
HHCTBa H Hameji b ce6e MyweciBO OTKaaarbCH iioiinHcaTb 
noiopHOC HHCbMo aKa;ieMKKOB npoTHB A. fl. Ca\apOBa. 
H Toraa c hhm ciajtH npoHCxofliiTb crpaHHue neTopnH. 
OceHbio 1975 r. ceMHjecimuieTHero fl. JlHxaneBa na 
jiecTHHiHoS ruiomaaKe BOiJie jsepefl ero KBapTHpu 
BHeaariHo wecxoKO H36h-t MOJiojoii qe.iOBeic, cioMae cmv 
pefipo. A B Mae 1976 r, «HeH3BecTHbie» nura-THCb noj- 
weib ero KBapTHpy, noacynyB noa aseph uLiaHr or 

KaHHCTpW C 5eH3IIHOM. Hh «Xy;TMraH», HH «HeH3BeCT- 

Hue» TBK H He 6unu pa3bicKaHbi. 3jiMe hiukh roBoptuiH. 
1T0 TBKHM o5pa30M KFE xoTci TO jiH 3arTyraTb JlHxaHC- 
Ba, TO .in OTOMCTHTb 33 0TKa3 loanHcaib HHCbMO npo- 
THB A. Caxapoaa. A hto aywaeTC o5 3tom bw, iioporofl 
iHTaxe-ib? 

Mne xoHCTCd paccKaiaTb nanocneaoK o hcm-to 
BbicoKOM H CBerjioM. B 1978 r. aMepHKancKHR cupHnai 
^3HHe.i Xeft(t)Hu lanaji HCTBeproe mccto iia KOHKjpce 
HMeHH HaftKOBCKoro B MocKBc. H HTO we? riojiyMHB 
npCMMio, OH BCK) ee nepejaji b Oona nowoiUH no-iHTiax- 
jiiOMeHHbiM. JiiiyMaio, 'iTOMUHeao;iWHbi3a6uBaTboero 
6,iaropOjiHOM nocrynne. 

...rioMOHb MOJioflUM cooTeHecTBCHHHKaM Bbipa6o- 
ran. BepKuti Bir.iJia Ha Haury neaaBHWio HCTopicio, aarb 

3HaHH9[ H apryMCHTM JUH HX CoGCTBeHHUX HCKaHHfl H 

cnopOB, c.iOBOM. cTaxb ons hobofo noKO.TeHHJi poccHBH 

npHBHBKOH OT HaeOJIOrHH 6aibElieBH3Ma H TOTSjIH- 

TapH3via - BOT. nowa.iyfi, nociejiHaji H3 saaan, pa3pe- 
uieKHio KOTopoH Morjia6wcnoco6cTBOBaTi>«XpoHHKaii. 



... JJeaduamb nem mouy Hasad, ecxope nocne 
Bbixota U3 naaepff, e znyxyio andponoecxyio nopy ft 
cKasaj) Kax-mo >KBHe u do**epu. vmo npaeo3auiumHbiu 
sman Haiueao CemKBHun npoudeH, a cymMocmu. do 
KCHua u uc^epnan. '-tmo nopa ucKamb KaKue-mo dpyaue 
nymu. ho ux ombimym yxe HOBbie modu Ho hb nac 
ne)Kum dom ~ sane-^amnemb u nepedamb caoO onbim 
nenacunhcmeannoao npomueocmoaHun cnedyiOLUUU 
noKOJiBHUUM. Om^acmu h nonbimanca ocymecmeumb 
smo e o^epKax «M«e 6e3 eac qOuhokqu (1997 a. } u a 
cbopnuKB itOmnyatenHOo cnoeon (2002 a, J, ehiiuediuux 
e usdamenbcmee -rBoaepaaieHuei). 



Hacma/ia nopa 3anaMHueamb moio nCasy». Wmo- 
6bi Manucamb ee. una npuujfiocb nepeeopomumb mho- 
aue mwcH4Li cmpanuu (mq odHoQ monbKO «XponuKu»y 
paccnpocuirib ceoux dpysaO-npaaojauiumMUKOg. 3ae- 
nfiHymb a nodearbi codcmeeHHOU naMnmu. Bbieanu 
MOMenmbi. Kosda n kuph ce6fi sa mo. "^mo esancft 3a 
amom necKOH'iaeMbiQ mpyd. 

mMuz eoxdeneHHbiO nacman . .» ^ cesodmt « xo- 
men 6bi c SnaeodapHocmbio ecnoMHumb max, 6a3 kozo 
ama cmambu we uoana 6bimb we mo imo nan[jcana - 
daiKB 3adyMana Bcex - pedaKmopoe u cocmaeume- 
neu, nepane^amiuKOB. 6B3biMfiHHbix xoppecnoHdeH- 
moe. pacnpocmpaHumeneO u dame npocmo •^umame- 
neu KpaMonbno30 SionnemBHff. Tex, Kmo cudan 3a 
«XpOHUKy», u max, kozo uunyna nauia cti«. Etna iKuay- 
uiux u max. Koao fc/Jtu/e Mem c Hauu. 

Mue xomenocb 6bi naseamb sdecb He monbKO 
uxpoHUKepoea. Be3 duccudenmcKOZo u npaeosamum- 
Hoao deuxceHua He 6bmo 6w cauoO «XpoHUKu». Momno 
CKaaamb. mno smom 6ionnemsnb - demume we mopb- 
Ko ezo coctnasutnanaO. ^mo wXponuKyy denanu - cao- 
uuu BbicmynreHUfiMU, ceoeu 5opb6ou. cooumu cmpa- 
danufiMu - ece y»acmHUKU ome<4ecmBenHOZ0 Conpo- 
wuenaHua. 

Hm ecam c znyGoKou npa3HamenbHOcmbio n no- 
csftiuaio ceom iCasyit. 

2001-03 rr. 




CURRENT. EVENT 

Nos 59,60,61 



Jo.-.T-.nl o- the Hur-.n kigl;t = 




■KAPTA' W3a^ 20M 



i 



m MEMDRIA 



111 



HAMflTM AAPMCbl BOFOPAS 



Ee y^e ycncjTii Hasaaib «.ie- 
reHflofi npaBOjaiuHTHoro JiBHJKe- 

HHJI» - JUTS 3TOrO flOCTaiOHHO nc- 

peHHCJiHTb cflcjiaHHoe eio a luec- 

THflCCSTbtX. 

B 1965 roiy apecToaajiH ee 
Myxa, niicarejix EOjimh J^aHHann. 
Toraa JIapnca Boropas mhoto 
caenAna. ^To6l>l no3Hiiri> KaMiia- 

HHlOCOJlHJiapHOCTHC KHU HC CrO 

«nojieJibHHKOM» AiupeeM Chhsb- 
CKHM, - aiie.'iJiHpoBajiH Torja cuie 

K COBCTCKOfi BJiaCTK. 

VcHflHSMH ee. iipyrHX poa- 
CTBeHKHKOB K jpyjcK ocyxtncH- 
Kbix MOCKoecKan HHTCvn/iHreHUHn 

OC03HaJia. HTO COBCCM pjIJlOM. B 

MopnoBHH, no-npeacHeMy cyiue- 
CTByioT no.THTHHCCKHe jiarepJi. 
noiipy>KtiBiiiHHCfl c JI[aHH:)jieM b 
3aK;iiOHeHHH AHaTO.iH^ Mapien- 
KO Buuieji «Ha eojitow c MjieeK Ha- 
nHcart. khhtv o jiarepe - coaBTO- 
pOM 3Ton KHHfH uMoH noKasa- 
HHji» BnojiHc Mo%HD HasBaTb Jla- 
pHcy HocmJiOBHy. 

Ho BCKOpe B MopjlOBHIO OT- 

npasMJiucb H AjieKcawiip Tmhs- 

6yprc tOpHCH PajiaHCKOBUM.co- 

craBHBijjHe «5e.iyio KHnry» no aeny CHHABCKoro h 

Jl&HtiJJiK. Cya npCBpaTHJicii b 4iapc, t\ Toriia JIapKca 

Earopai c DaB-ioM JImtbhkobum BnepabEe aiipecoBa- 

JIH CBOii npOTCCT He BJiaCTH, a WMHpOBOfi OOmeCTBCH- 

HOCTH». 3to oSpamcHne BwiBajio Ban HKjiKBHiiyajib- 

KblX H KOJinCKTKBHMS BHCCM npOTCCTa - TO, MTO Ha- 

sbejih (onHCTOJiHpHofi peBo.iiouHe(i» BecHbL l96S-ro, 
H3 lero noTOM poiinnacb «XpoHHKa TCKyiUHX co6bi- 
thR». 

BecHa .uiH.iacb Henojrro. 26 aarycTa, nocjie no- 
BTopHoro ocv/KjeHHfl MapieHKo, noc.ie BBoaacoBCT- 
CKHx BoiicK B Mexoc.iOBaKi{)o. JIapHca Boropa3 BMec- 
Tec eiueccMbtoiipysbflMKBbiujJTaHa jeMOHCTpauHKJ 
Ha KpacHyio njroiuajib. 33 3TOOHa6iiiJia npurosopeHa 
K ccujiKe B Ch6hpk. 

Bee 3T0 6bLio «BnepBue» - cojiHaapKoeTb, khh- 
ra. nHCbwa, jCMOHCTpaiDDi, m ywe 3a 3T0 moikho 6mjio 
6bi Ha3BaTb <(S]ereHRoR». Mowho 6bi.io 6bi npojtoji- 

WHTb. HO... 

Ho Jlapiiea HocH<J)OBHa 6bina HaiHCTO .umietia 
«6;iecKa 5pOH30Boro BejiHHHH». He 6bi,io BocTopra, 
^BocK^MuarejibHoro 3HaKa» - HaoSopoT, yjiHancHHe. 




u3HaK BonpocHTejibHut)». npHMep - HeoxHaaHKax, 
Kasa^nocb 6bi. (tcMCHa }KaHpaJ>. B 1974-m, nocjie bn- 
cbi.iKH CojixeHttubiHa. OHa nonniicuBaeT kMockqbc- 

KOeo5paiIieHHe»enpH3blBOM KOTKpUTHEOapXHBOBO 

ryJlAFe, CTOHT y hctokob HiaaHHH caMoaesrejib- 

HblX HCTOpHVeCKHX c60pHHKOB "FlaMSTbB. 

B HeR He ivBcrBOBajicfi na^ioc. b paccKa33x see 
6wjio npocTO. ripo ccbiJiKy: KUinajiy cocHoayio JierKO 
6bmo TacKBTb, iipyroe jiesio - hi jiiieTBeHHHUbi...» 
H.TH c lOMopoM - npo TO, (caK 'lacTHbiMH ypoKaMH 
3apa6aTbiBa.iH Ha»(H3Hb, Koraa rocyjapcTBopafioTbi 
Hc aaaa-To. Hjih c yoHficTBCHHUM capKasMOM. 

H He Qbino a hch pKropiiisfa «KaHOKa smzcHaeH- 
TCKoro MopajibHoro KoncKca" - OHa caina. se^HO 
33iiaBaflCbBonpocauH.6ujiaero%HBbiM BonnomcHii- 

CM. 

KasKCTCJi.aTOTayxJTapHcaBoropaanpMBHecjiaH 
B «MeMopHajiB B KOKue 1 980-x. 

Hmchho 3T0 HCyjiOBHMoe, ycKOJibiaromee oiuy- 
lueHHe yaHBJieHHH h CBoSoiiu mm nocTapaeMcn co- 
xpaHHTb. 

OSiuecTBO «MeMopHaji» 



wwwkvliEKg 



190 



^ US NCTOPm HHAIOMblCJlNa 



Jlapuca B0r0PA3-BPyXMAH 

OE OAHOM nOESAKE 



Co^uamcmu•^BCKuu syMdHUSu .. npofienaemcs* 
. . a yeaiKemju k nuHHOcmu ocyiKdeHMbin , a sanpeiMO- 
HUH ynu)KarJib ux we/ioee'jecKoe docmouHcmeo. e 
cpedcmeax u uamodaa acnpasnemja u nepeeocnu- 
mmnua Bca cucmaKia opsanusaituu mpyda ocywdsH- 
Hbix, nonumuKo-eocnumamenbHOu paOombi c humu, 
psJKUua cmaaum naped co6oO ms/io npusumt uu 
SnssopodHbie npaacmeeHHbie Kauacmea coaemcKO- 
so ^enoaeKa, a ama uepb uoMem 6bimb docmuahyma 
moiibKO mozda, icosda cpadcmea ucnpaeumenbHO- 
mpyiJoaoso eoadeOcmaun no ceoBMy xapaKnmpy any- 
60K0 ayuaHtbi. ■ve/roee'JHbi. 

(HcnpaeumenbHO-mpydoaoe npaeo 
ViedHUK dna lopud. cpaH. u lopud. un-moe. M. , 

1966. c, 72-73} 



3to 6bifia uaiua ce^bMan noes^xa b Mop/iobmio- 3a 
npoujeflLUMfl rofl mw eafliinii ryaa 4 paaa, wroSbi yaM- 
ASTbCfl c KJnMeM AaHMsnew Ha cb^ashhpx, i^ p.Ba^Kfthi. 
MTcSbi paaoBpaTbCfi a «npoMcujecTaMnx» - HarHoeHwe 
cxapOM paHM, ujTpa0Hoi4 iiso/^nTop. 3a 3tot toa, sa 
Bpeun MHorMX noesflOK mw ko MHorowy npMBbiKjiH: k 
MOJinajiMBbiM MeHLUHHaM (peMte MyjiMMHaM), c ueiuKaMbi 
H •^e^J^oa3naMv\, BuxOAnuiMM m3 noes^a Ha craHUHii 
riorbMa, K<iMOpaoBCKOMyTaKcvi»-TeneMKe, a nee enpn- 
raercn MOpnOBKa b myjkckom riHflwase, M3-noa Koroporo 
enAHbi 3eneHbie<tinaHeneBbie naHTanoHbi, 143a nonrttH- 
HHK c HMSCxan seser bcluh Ha noTbMy-2, k «CTonwnMHc- 
KMM» aaroHSM (co6cTeeHHocTb n/n 385, T.e. Xly^posna- 
ra). 33 creimoM peuieTKa, a ecnit oTKpbiTa asepb, to 
sMjeH B o6e cTopOHw KopMflop H apecraHTCUHe snynew, 
K 3a6opau c KontoMett npoBonOKOi^ nOBepxy m BbiiuKaM. 
BbimxaM OT noTbWbi-2 ao cauoro Reaca. Ha Kaxdoii 
craHLjMH, M 3a fleacoM To>Ke. KunoMerpoe 50-60 - Mo- 
/icwHHga, CocHOBKa - wa KajKfloii, Ha Ka>Kfloi* craHijHM 
jiarepb. aaa. rpii. Sheeu, KaKan xosnuKa a ^eace nycKaer 
npHexaBUJMx ana CBMflaHKyn - kowkh ctoht, m Sepei tot 
we nojiTkiHHHK c <4enoseKa. xaK n b ,aoMe nptiesxiiix. Ho 
Mu npejinoHHTaeM ^ou npkieswvix - hmcto, BOiia v\3 
Kpana, caMH ce5e xoaneea. H rae CTo/ioaafl, h MaraaMH, 
HanTSKa, MinTaSnarepn, BaxTs.ynpaB/ieHHe, Hcep^aHT 
Aha - 3flopOBeHHaB aeaxa: 

— ^aBaiiiTB saflBJieHtie, )KAMTe OTBera. 

— OcTaBbTC Bce npo/iyKTbi m aeiuH, KopMHTi. na 
CBMadHMM He nono>KeHO 

— Hn^ero He nepeflaaaTb. 

— roBOpMTb TonbKO Ha pyccKOM B3biKe. 

-Ctmxm nacBHnaHMH MtiraTb nenbafl. HenonojKeHO. 

— npM nepBOM 3aMSHanMvi zbmhsh^b npeKpaiMaet- 

Cfl. 

CnoBOM, ece anaKOMoe, Bce ysHaeM, box TonbKo 
nepBOwa^CKbieno3yHrtia6nii3H0T3OHbi: aCoxpsHH^Te v\ 
yuHO^KaiiTe nacneAi^e cTapm^x noKoneHvii4» ^ t.a. M^imo 
ynpaB/ieHKfl, mhmo 3tmx nosynros vmsT ^Kenu^HHa cpeA- 
HMxneT. ManeHbKan, ii3MyMeHHbiMBivi, cornynacb, nepe- 
mynacb - nepeTflrnBaxUT neuoAaK m orpoMHan cyMica; a 
3a Hei4 xyAenbK^ii QneAHbi^ ^cnyraHHbiii vanb'AviK. Ha 
8HA ner ceMM (a n anaio, mto euy oziMHHa/iLiaTbiM top.)- 
o6)rsaTnn oSbumm pyKawn h tbiuht nepea co6oi\. hb 




TaiUMT, a TOJiKaeT rpyflbio w xhbotom ceTKy, Smtkom 
HaSMTyio, pyMKH cBflsaHw mnypKOM. V MantHiKta nopOK 
CBpAua. nosTOMy oh raxoii uiyrrtbiii. uaTh caua Tonbxo 
onpaBH/iacb nocfie 6one3Hn. HqyT k aaxTe - nonyHnnn 
CBMAaHHe. Mhmo cKopuM ujaroM cneiiiar o<J}kiL(epbi. con- 
aaTbi, BocHMTaTenn, own, noxome, aawte He bhaht jkbh- 
mMHy ti pe6eHKa, KOTOpux bot ceii<4ac pasAaanT mx ysnu 
H HeMO^aHbi. npMMejnbKariocb, na Bcex ne Hanaceujbcn 
HH pyK. HMcepzma. 

A HaM Ha 3T0T pa3 exBTb Aa/ibLue - ceuHaauaroe. 
rae lOnMH b 17-Tt4 KHroMerpax or f^Bsca. ^opo^a /Me 
noAcoxjia, MamHHbi xoaht, ho nac hviktc hs 6epeT. Abto- 
6yc Be3eT aeTevi m lAHTepnaTa aomom Ha npa3AHMKM 
(saBTpa - Dacxa, nocne3aBTpa - flepBOMaw) - caeTbMH 
He nono)KeHo HaM, sa^yMnenHbiu; eme oahb MaiuHHa - 
rpy30BhiK - TO>Ke mKonbHHKki, cTapiune K/iaccbi, CaHMHU 
pOBecHMKH. MecTO B icyaoae ecTb, ho mw ace paano 
ocraeMcn - ne noro*eHo. flenb k aenepy, aaeipa boc- 
KpecBHbe, MamnH He 6yAeT. . . Eiqe oa*ih rpysOBtiK aarop- 
uo3Mr oKono nac. Mbi noxwia/iki b Hero pioKsaKvi, cyMKy, 
ShaoH: cauH Bnesnn, noexann. E^eu ^epe3 Raac noA 
nepMoaMMQCKMe na Kawfloti ocTaHOBKe (ocTanaB/iiiBaeM- 
cn MacTo, HenoHRTHo saMew, MoxceT, xax pas Ann 3T0ro) 
HCToiuHbie BonoM sKcneA^Topa: 

- Cne3aiSTe. He noroxeHO He noeeay 3necb 
npOAy*tTbi. nocbinK^i, n OTae^aio. He nonoweHo. 

a peiunna - hh 3a "^ro He c/ie3y, nycxb CHnow 
cTacKHBaiOT, Mto Jtte wne AenaTb - cyrKu xcacm. Hh 
ceroAHfl, hh 3aBTpa uam^H 6ojibUJe ne SyAeT. Cnaea 
Bory - BAST sKcncAtiTop b Ka^HHe. ti Ann Toro <HTo6bi 
noopaTh.eMynpHxoAHTCBOCTaHaBrHBaTbMaiuMHy.Bbic- 
K8KHB3Tb M3 KaSHHbi M 8ce-TaKM Ha Kpaio RBdca npH- 
lunocb cne3aTb, rioAOiuen noAnonxoBHHK b paccTerny- 
TOM MyKA^PS 6e3 0ypawK^. bhaho, yBwien nac <a3 
OKOiuKa H Bbimen H3-3a npasAHtiMHoro CTona. npHrpo3Hn 
uiocjiepy, cHBMana 3ohom, hotom — mto npaaa oT6epeT 

- He nono>«te«o B03MTb naccawMpoB, aopora. caw 
snaeuib. Kaxan. uaiuHHa ne oCopyAOBana (h3 Oaepnoro 
Hac BesnH o6paTHO hb racoM me b to4hoctm wauiHHe, 
uyTb pv\ He Ha Toii we, Aa eme n a conpoBOHgieHHM 



-KAPTA- W 38-40 2004 



^ PRO MEMDRIA 



111 



o^iHUepoB. jiMiub 6bi CKOpee yesinanvi, He mosojikhh 
rnasa, He ujaTanwcb oicono 30h). 

CjiesnM, noiunii neiuKou. 

OsepHoe-MflbtnnkmecKsnflepeBHfl noc/ie Heaca- 
cTonviubi £ly6poBnara. Ha Bi>e3Ae penKa. aaHneHHan, 
MOCTMK nepea pe'^Ky, KpyroM Heo5biKHOBeHHOM itpacoTbi 
nee (yi ecu aopoia necoM - Sepejoaan pouja. a QonbLije 
cocHbi, BbicoKtie, wa>^TOBbie). AepeseHbKa Ha aa»f ynn- 
uy. Ham^HaeTCfl yriMua c 3oh cnpaBa - JKeHCKan pa6o- 
Ha$), cnesa - jKeHCKan KMnafl. 3a6op c npoeonoKOM, 
6eneHb>M aoMMK. 3a naJiHcaANMKOM - eaxra. aA^Cb )Ke 
KOMHSTa A/1FI ceviAaHMfl (Ann )KeHCKOfi 30Hbi). KOMHaiva 
ar\ti oiKtiAa>oiiiMK ceviAaHiin. Bee lOKoe-To Hecept>e3Moe, 
no cpaBHeMMio c RBacoM: saSop eerxm. oakh ecero, 
Bbime^Kn noHhiiKe, BopoTa nonnoiue. riepexoA M3 pa6o- 
i^eii 30Hbi B JKunyo - 6e3 KonioiieM npOBonoKii. npocxo 
OTKpbiBaiCTcn BOpora. oAHa aa Apyroti BbixoA^T jKSHcxMe 
QpHraAbi, nneryrcn nepes AOpory. BbicTpSHBawTcn, cko- 
pee, TonnBTCB onono 3a5opa: oahh MacoBOft y oahhk 
BOpOT. apyroii - y APyrHx, 6e3 co6aK KorAa Bb\iwf Bce 
6pnraflbi - OTitpoiOTCH Apyme BOpora, Bnycrsr jKeHinnH. 
Ho BMA y »v\x\ Ctuaho rnaaa nOAHHTb. npoxo>Ky ummo, 
onycTMB ronoBy. Ha Horax 6axMnbi, rpy6bie, ypoa/iMBwe, 
TFUKenwe, ksk rMpn, flewb 6bin wapKM^. noaroMy MHorMe 
6e3 HynoK, vi bdt 3rvi nyAOBbie 60TiiHKbi Ha ronux jkbhckmx 
Horax n/^arbf) ctiopuenHbie. ^epHbie v\nv\ cepbie. tcjkb 
ypOAnMBbie c wanKObi noTyroM Ha KoneTCTeo Ha cepwx 
K}6Kax yKpameHHfl - MepHan nojioca no noAony Hhus 
"^epHbie OT nbinii. Bonocw rycunwe. rtunbHwe; HeKoro- 
pue MteHujviHbi noABMTbi. noAKpaujenu: aro euie CTpaui- 
Hee, csTWMMaanbineHHbiMii rnuaMn,Ka3eHHbiMiinnaTb- 
nMM... 

Ho, TeM He wenee. MA^nnMn. /leiKypHbiili conAar hb 
Bsxre CMA^T. Ha Kpunbue, Ha Ta6ypeTKe; hs Aopore. b 
nwjiM, KonoujaTcn act^. npurauT no Kpunbuty eaxrw. 
ConABT sarosapHBaeT c ManuujoM, HrpaeT c hhm. B 
o6biKHOBeHH0M cenbCKou Maras^He -oMepeAb (Kon6acy 
npMBesnM n npaaAHMxy) - tctkh nepecKasbieaioT cnnsT- 
HM, yTMxouHpHBaiOT AeTMiue": 

- Cmam thxo, a to b soHy otabm. 

Cuena Kapayna hb 3toh AepeaeHCKO^ ynoMKe, oko- 
no 6eneMbKoro AOMwta c nanncaAHMKow, BbirnflflUT He 
HacTOfliueCi. onepexonHoft - HenenbiH pMrya/i cpeflw le- 
TOK H peenTMUjeK. nMua y McnonHHTeneii cepbesnbie, kbk 
nonarasTCB no pwiyany, ho najKeTcn. 4To mm cauviu 
HenoBKo MrpaTb b ary nrpy. HaaepHoe. TonbKO Kawercn, 
HTo HenOBKO, - AasHo nphiBbumti. 

Mbi npiiexanM na n^^'^noe CBMAaHtte. 26-ro wne us 
KPB nc)3B0Ki4n nonxosHMK GapAi^H at cxaaan, mto moxho 
exaib, caMAaHMepa3pemeHo. 

Mom noApyrM ssHMManM ASHbrvi, secb Aenb Qeranvi 
no MaraatiHaM. Ao6hiBanH <4To nony^uie. nonMraTenb- 
nee. Apyrvie cronnii y nniiTbi - >Kapiifln, aapwOH, nennw: 
BCAb TonbKO pas b roA nvi^noe CBHAaH^e. Co6panH, 
CHapRAMnM. Kynkinvi SHneTbi Ha noesA- V nac Asa TnjKe- 
neHHbix piOKaaKa c npoAyicraMM. cyMwa c KH^raM^. 6ynb- 
on B6HAOHe-HaHtiHaeTy»(noAKvicaTb, seAbABoecyroK, 
KaK;^3A0Ma. EcnHAa^eHaMAaAyrTpoecyroK-MaKCH- 
ManbHbiii cpoK ceMAaHHn. - HaM erpoeM ne cbecTb eecb 
H3ujxap>4. HO He TonbKO Mbi - Bce, KToeAeTHacBMAaHHe. 
Sepyr no6onbiuB, HTo6bi ny^iue HnoAKopwHTb csoeron, 
xoTb 3T14 ypM AHB 3a uenbiM roA. a BApyr ynpoiuy hbash- 
paTenfl. otoSu paspetUHn ssflTh nocne caMAaHKo xoTb 
xyco^BK Kon6acbi, xoTb nonKMno caxapa, Miiki abb-tp^ 
nCnoxa, kinM ^^ecHox, mdh nyx, ^nH nannpocbi, unv\ ra- 
6aK. . . BoT M Ha6Mpaeiub cronbKO. mo ne noAHirrb (AeHb- 



TM HaoAaji>KMBaeLUb y poahh. y SHaxoubix - aeAb paa 
TonbKO B roA), M noTOM aeaeiub nonoBuny o6paTHo: mto 
nonopTHTcn - cryxHer - Bbi5pacbiBaeujb. a ^lepes rOA 
cHoaa HB^kipaemb mciuok hoa aaBflSicy - a sApyr na 3tot 
pas OKBXteTCfl «Ao6pbitA>) HaASHpaTenb, untt pa3peLUMT 
nepeAany, xoTb h «He nonowenox, a BApyr Bce-raKM... 

BMecTo rpex cyrox. xom 6bi cyroK, nonycyroK, nau 
oatoT OAMH nac CBkiAaHMsi a npucyrcreHM H3A3MpaTenn . 
Oct)nuep, nananbHHK OTpnAa, coo6maeT 3to ne cpaay, 
rax HTo flo caMoro canAa""" ocTaercji HaAeixfla, xorn 
6bi HB cyTKM, nycTb cyrxw c bwboaom na paBory, nycTb 
noncyTOKCBbiBOAOM.TonbKo6bi6e3HaAaMpaTenn. npn- 
Mo nepeA cauuM cstutanvieM: 

- Oahh nac oSmero. Hh-^bfo c co6om ne 5epHTe, 
KOpuMTb Ha cBHABH^ibt HB nonojxeHO 

Mbi 8ce-Taxw 6epew, we Mowew He asBTb: naxer c 
raniipocaMH. neTupe anenbCHHa, nooAHOMy Ha OMjxbivi 
Kapuan, oto rpaMWOB cbipa. 

MyjKCKan aona rroconiiAHee weHCKOii. 3a6op nono- 
see, KonoMKH aaMCTHee, abiiuKM noBbiiue. \A ace paaHO 
oAHHHaAUaTbiK B ^eace- paeexikiH. xpenocrb no cpae- 
HeHiiiocl7-M. BnenaTneHiie cpaay MeHHeTCfl, xaxTonb- 
KO nonaAaeuib Ha saxry. p,eepv\ c sacoaauH. Koropbte 
cKapy>Kn HHKTo HE oTxposT, TOHCTbii^ we/iesHbiM npyx 
BWABHraeT h 3aAB;iraeT AewypHbiii na CBoeii AewypxM. 
Oahb ABepb oTKpbiaaeTCfl . Aenaeiub scero oahh ujar, h 
nepeA to6om Apyran ABepb c tbkmm ixe )Kene3HbiM npy~ 
TOM. CKoribKO raKHx Aaepefi. hb nouHto, MHoro. B xaxoA- 
TO MoweHT nepBA to5oh orxpbiaaeTcn aoHa - cneaa 
Mvinaft, cnpasa - pafiOMan, Mexyiy hmmm necxonbKO pn- 
AOB KOniOHeH npOBOnOKM. HacToniuBM. bucoko m acepbea 
HaTflnyToiS. H BHyrpn. BAonb aaBopa, pHA kohiomkm. 3an- 
pBTKB, BcnaxBHHaB nonoca. Bce, OKaswBaeTCfi, snonne 
ocHOBarenbHO m cepbeano BnyrpH. Tont.«o cHapy)Kii ne 

BtUlHO. 

3a ^ac, tcOHSMHO. HHO^eMHe noroBopHUib. CcaMo- 
ro nanana c HanpnixeHvieM jxAeiub, hto bot ceti^ac hba- 
svipaTenb cxaMceT: 

- Hy, ByABM 3aKaHHviBan>. 

Bce. HCM sapanee Ay^ana. H3 ronoBbi boh h hb k 
Mecry. aeAb KorAa n 3anoMMHana no Aopore. o ^eM 
paccKaaaTb. n pscc^HTbiBana xoth 6bt hb cyrxH. 3a ^ac 
HaAO ycreTb cuaaarb 4to-to rnaBHoe. a hto? CooCpa- 
NtaTb, oT^MpaTb HBKorAa, ceiiHac KOHeu. 

- CaHbxa Te6B nepepoc, cmotpm. 

- Tbi SAOpoea'' 

- A Tw ce6n kbk '^yBCTayemb? Kax pyxa? Kax yxo? 
BmjyK)nMncKBepHbiS,oMeHbCKBepHbiii,HeCTorbKO 

HCToiMeHHbii^, cKonbKo 6onbHOH. 

- C yxOM rnyxo, moii reneT, xaiKAbiii ASHb ronOBHbie 
6onii, B qexe luyw, eH6pauHn. 15 MHHyr nopa^oTaio - 

npHXOAMTCn BblXOAMTb Ha B03Ayx. 

- A Bpan? 

- ToA naaaA aaHBtin o Soneann, agecb aenann 
HecKonbKo aananen^M. Ho Bce 3to Sea Tonxy... 

- Kax KopMejKxa? 
(Daysa.) 

- Ha napeK n ne 3apa6aTt>iBaK), rax 4T0, caMn 
noHMMaere. 

Eiqe HecKO/ibKO 4>pa3 o Apyabnx, xax kto. 
..He Ha TOM axLjeHTMpyeTcn BHHMaHMe, ab/io ne b 
^acTHOCTux, ne TOnbxo a cyAbBe tOimfl flaMManfi. 
HpocbBb) o6 yrrrynvax \a nocna5neHMHx npaiaiimecKM 
BeccMbicneHHU. B narepe ecTb nioAM. hto no nonruiUH 
pasHbix SyMar HanncanH, na 3T0M mowho CBHXHyTbcn... 

- SaxaH^HBaHTe CBHaaHHe. 



WW »ian« org 



192 



4 1(3 NCTflPNH HHAKDMbiyKH 




fla. fl nosaSbina ctasan,: un6 paapeiuuriM bshtii Ha 
cBMflaHMe naHity «&eJiOMopa». naKer nprnunocb ocia- 
8MTb B nepsoii KOUHare. AneribCHHbi y Hac b KapwaHax - 
Ha 3TOT pa3 Mac no'^eMy-io He oSwcuMBann nepefl CBMfla- 
HweM. fl npomy Man3npaTenfi: 

- Mo)KHo oTASTb My>Ky nannpocw? 

M xoTb n He nepewii pas, xoTb xawAwii pas ojiHHaKO- 
Bo, HO OH HS CKaaan, mto He/ibsn, m bot y»e HaMMMaeiub 
HafleflTbCR, HTo paapoiuMT (a 3to. OMeen/iHO, Bcero-Hs- 
Bcero 0Tpa6oTaHHt>iM npMBM: cKasarb, -^to He/it>3(i, - a 
BApyr jKCHmMHa Ha^Her a^ecb nnaKaxb, npoCHTb, Mcre- 
pHKa. a Ha;io, uT06bi OHa /iB^Hynacb k Bbixofly). B nepBoA 
KOMHare CHoea cnpatiiMBaio: 

-Hy, MOXMO fianHpocbi'' 

M, Hejio»uiaBiiJi4CbOTBeTa, MucCaHei^ BbiHtiuaeM 
HaiuM HeTbipe anenbCHHa m tcnaAeu Ha cryn, pOAOM c 
naneroM 

- HejibSB, He paapeuiaeTcn. 

- Hy, xorn 6bi anenbCMHbi TorbKO... 

- He paapeLuasTco . 
tOnnii roBopuT' 

- He Haflo, He pajpeuiMT. 

Ho n He Mory, a Bflpyr. nenoBeK xte oh. wHtiero eMy 
He 6yfleT. earn noaBonwT 

- Hy, xoTq 6bi eme nanKy nanHpoc. 

-na^HO, nono>KMTe, ocTarbHoe 3a6epnie c coSoii. 
M Korfla naKBT yxe y Hac b pyicax, 6epeT or/iO)KeH- 
Hyto na^Ky ti cyer uHe b pyKti; 

- 3a6epiiTe, He nonojKeHO, 

CBMoaHHe Hauie KOH^^nocb, Mbi eme hb nOHi^nM 
3TOro. eiue flo coanaHHfl ne floiurio, •fio lenepb naflo 
ye3)KaTb. yaiuiMMcn nepes Merupe wecnua, eam paspe- 
luaT. A «nono«eHHOfo» nn4Horo CBiyiaHHw b stom roay 
He 6yaeT, uepea rofl, Moxer 5biTh. paapeiiiar B 3T0T 
flBHb Mbi He yexa/iM - H04b, MaujHM hbt. rtepenoijeBanM 
B K0MH3Te anp oMMAatoiijMx oBiviaHMn - naunoMKM b MeS\ 

HBT, TeMHO. BOAbI HBT (3310 eflbl y HBC f135blT0K, 4aCTb 

npHxoflHTCB cpasy Bw6pocnTb - McnopTHjiacb). C nawH 
Honeeana Mpa Pohkhhb - eii pa3peujnnM nnHHoe cBn«a- 
Hue c Banepwew - cyntH c BwBOflOM na paSoTy. M 
BbiBenH, xoTci B 3T0T ABHb BTOpan cuena He pa6oTana. 
Hy, ysenvi b iKKoyio aony, ne see /ih pasHO, riMiub 6bi He 
AaTb n^iunero naca. OopuanbHo - cBi^AaHMe na cyrKH. 
tt)aKTM4ec*M -flBerperH cyrotf, a JKanoBaibCfi ne npuxo- 
flMTcw, Bce no npasunaM Ha caMOM /lene « Pohkhhum, 
H hbm cnOKOHHo MOr/iH flatb Tpoe cyroK, paSoTa or sroro 
HenocTpaAajiaebi:3aBTpaBOCNpeceHbe, noTOMABaAHR 
npasAHMKH, H^iKTo He pa60TaeT Ho aeno He b pa6oTe. 



CBHaaHMH c po,aHMMi4- 3T0 Mepa «BocnviTaHii!i». uepa 
B03fleiiCTBMn, tbk >Ke, Kait napex. nepenaua. SaKnicweH- 
Koro MOMtHO Bcero SToro nmu^Tb [npo0eccviOHanbHbiM 
waproH: cnapbKOM jiHiueH)). enid'^HMM cBHAaHMeM nv\- 
lueHn). CoKpaTHTb CBHAaHkie, He paapeuiHTb nocbifixy 
MOryr Aaxe ne b naKassHvie 3a npocTynox, a npocro ne 
noompHTb BBMAy OTcyrcTBMfl sanporpaMMvipoBaHMbix 
Ao6obix ;3enHnti: oco6oro ycepflnH B OTHoiueHMnx c na- 
nanbCTBOM, roceineHwn nontiT3aHnTnw (ypoBenb 3tmx 
jaHHTMM - nonnTnpo^tunaitTopUM /yna ManorpawOTHbtx). 
y^acTHH B Tax HasbisaeMovi o6mecTBeHKOki whjh^ nare- 

pB,,, 

Htsk, Mbi c Mpoii PoHKMHoii HOnysM b OaepHOM. Ma 
npowcujecTBUM sioti kohm: hbm ne paspeiuHnu noHTw b 
ySopnyio - Hosbio Henbsn xoAHTb oKono 30Ht>i (a aaecb 
ace HOKonou). — k TOMy we 6yAOHK3 b nani^ca/iHif ks Ann 
cny>Ke5Horo nonb30BaHHfl, <(He nonoKeHO", enopBflxa 
He noHviMaeTe», «a to nacoaoii c aurnxM xaK LuapaxneTM. 

Ha apyroii oBHb a Bce-TaKi4 noAato aananeniiFi: o 
j^MHHOM CBHAanviH H nepBAa'ie. Ha^anbHMK narnyHicra 
coD6inaeT mhe, hto /JaHwanb «nn'^MbiM csMAaHVieM nvi- 
lueHQ. H npoiuy (HanncaTb oTpMuarenbHyio pesoriiouHio 
Ha MOHx aaflBneHHflx. ho h sto, oxasbieaeTCn, hhc nono- 
xeHOs. CKaaaHo - m AOBO/ibHo, nonyHurm Mac - yexnaii- 
Te: HHK3Kkix o5bncHeHt4M, Hi4Hero. Uenbi^ Aenb ymen na 
TO. MTo6bi nonyM^Tb octiMii^anbHbiii nticbMennbi^ OTaer 
Ha aaBsneHMB, fl npocTO cxasana, uro He yefly 6e3 3Toro. 

- TaK ^TO, HiinVIUJAK} Bbl3blBaTb? 

- BbisbiBaiiTe i*v\nviu,\i\Ki. n ne yeAy 663 OTseTa. 
Ubi OTHOCunti saneneHMfl Ha saxTy, naM inx B03Bpa- 

majiH. nOTOM nepecTann np^iHHMaib Boo6Liie: «He sene- 

HON. 

Bce-TaxM bo BTopoii nonoBune ann mhb npHnecriH 
OTBeT {npMBOJKy ero 3flecb. coxpannn optborpa0HK) nOA- 
/iHHHtiKa): 

tiFp-Ka Eosopas-BpyxuaH. 

Batne aanenenue paccMompeMO. ^u'^noe ceudaHue 
c eawuu My)K9M/Jauu3fib ne nonoxeHO. Ha^ . damaa. (C 
KeM fl HM roBopviJia - 3to nepsbi^ cnynaM nHCbueHHOro 
OTxasa: o5biHHO npocTo roaopsT «He no/ioweno"), flocne 
SToro HBM aan]A nepconanbHwii rpy30BHK. v\ Mepe3 10 
MMHyT HM BbiiueK. HM 3a6opa. HM 6eneHbix 6apaK0B 3a 
3a5opoM, B Asa ptwa - nee m caMoro Hsaca. 

3to BHemnne. aaonnbte aneMaTrieHMn; aspsbhr b 
necy, 30hu - paGo^afl, ^wnasi, jKenCKan. MyKCxafi; ae- 
>icypHbiH Ha eaxre nrpaeT c pe6eHK0M; HO^bK) e y6opHyio 
He xoAi^Tb - (iHacoBoii xaK ujapaxHeT»; oa^h nac CBi4aa- 
HUH, KMa 30Hy He cwoTpeTb, ho nonowenoi) (sto hbm 
CKasan co/iAar, me/iKafl saTsopoM sa HamnMH cnwHaMn 

- nyran); «cMaii Tvtxo. a to B sony 0TAaM»... 

Ho » He TonbKo BbiLUKaMtt nHDQoBanacb Aa Oeceao- 
eana co CTpaxcHHxaMM pa3Hbix paHros. Bot hto mhs 
CTano MSBecTHO o tom. 4to BHyrpH. 3aKniOHeHHbix Myw- 
HMH npMBesriM b Osepnoe noa HoBwi^ roa. BonbLuaH 
4acTb - cTapMKM. HHBannflbi. PaSoTa nerxaB - LueeiSHwe 
uexa, miiTb pyxaaHMw. npaaAa. nonesHan npo0eccvin 
luBeM-MOTopMCTKti - TpeTbn cneijManbHOCTb, noTOpofi 
flaHManio npeano>Kiinn oanaaeTb. Tea nasafl oh Swn 
rpy3HHKOM, nOTOM paSoTan na mwHOpesHOM CTanxe. 
HnHero,>:ai(H3BecTHo. «HeyMeeiub- Hay^HM»... HopMa 

- cLUMTb 17 nap pyxaBnu sa CMeny. Ha «BonbHOM» 
npeAnpMRTMW nopMa b ananomMnbix ycnoBunx 17-25 
nap TaxMM o6pa30M, ocHOBan^n ant> bcakhx «nMiue- 
hmA» 3aBeaoMO o6ecneHeHbi: HeabinofiHeHMe nopMU. 
McnonbaoeaTb stot aoboa h;ih kst - 3to bo B/iacm 
aauMHt^CTpauMH. cuoTpo no noaeaeHHio. 



■kapta w 3e-*o sow 



^ PRO MEMDIIA 



m 



CBMTepbl. KOTOpbie HOCHrikt B 11-M SSKmOHeHNbie, 

H8 17-M OTo5parn - no mhctpvkumh we nonoweHbi, ecrb 
4)opMenHafl oflexcfla - Kyprxa x/G, a/iB Mopoaoe - eaTHMx, 
B uexax TeMneparypa - rpaflycoB h Hnj^e. fla, 3T0 
HeAOMei. 3AMviHiicTpamin He CMor/ia noaroTOBMTb 30Hy. 
npeTeHSHM saKnKweHHwx Ha 3T0t chbt o6ocHoeaHw, ho 
CBKTepbi Bce pas HO hb paspemtiJiM. 

klHCTpyKL4Mn Tpe6yeT, ^itoQu panopTOBajiM: «3aK- 
;iiOMeHHWM TaKOH-To». HecKo/ibKO nenosen panopToaa- 
/im: MnonMTaawitOHeHHbii* TaK0S-T0». - "Bu ue nonHT- 
jaKJiio^eHHbie. bu yronoBHMKM. m mu aaM std ncKajKews. 
M cTariH noKasbiBBTb. JlPeh^eJ^b hbc vmhh hs cTonoaoii 
B SapaK - Tau newanM ztsa 6onbHbixc BbicoKOH reMnepa- 
Typoii, Ha yniiue -10. HaTXHyncn na HaaaiipaTenn: 

- B CapaK n»imy HOCKTb Herban. nycrb ha/tb crono- 
Byio. noayuaeiub. GonbHue. b 39 rofly m He c raKOii 
TeunepaTypoH xo^mjim. 

PeMfle/ifl nmuM/iH napbua na abb wecHua. 
C, MaiuKOBB pa6o4eti30He4HTan)icypHan-cMeHa 
aaKOHHHnacb. paaaoAsa^epiKancfl. 

- PyKaBHMb" Haflo ujMTb, a He nonnniKOM aaHHutaxi.- 
cfl (MypHan nMupoeap oxoHOUUKBuy HOpMy we bwho/ihu- 
exe 

MsojKOB niimeti nspbKa. ^aMi^sjih cronn h xypH/i. 
Mhmo npoxoAi^^ KaKOii-To mhh, npiiB3)KHii m3 ^Baca. 

- OnycTHxe pyuM, craHbTe cMnpno. 

AaH^3Jib OTKasancn Bcrarb na Bbim^Ky - nHuiBH 
jikc^Hom cBHAaHMfl. B. Pohkhh He acrar b 6 <4acoB yrpa, 
Korfla pa&oTaxn b BenepHKiig CMSHy (noAbeu Be^epHei^ 
CMeHbi eoBceA^i^. KpoMenoHSAenbHHKa, b9, a3T06bin 
noHeaejibHv<K). - nMiueH oSmero cBHAaH^n 

M TBK aanee, w roMy noflo6Hoe. KoneMHo, HHcrpyK- 
uvieii npeaycMOTpeHu h apyrtie naKasaHHR. Kpoue fiH- 
aieHun Toro, cero iuTpact>MOM MSontiTOp, BYP. HoKa 3ti* 
eocnMT3TenbHbie Mepbi hs npMMSHFinHCb, aAMHHMcrpa- 
Ukin He noflroTOBuna HeroobKouexH, ho h cooTaeTCTBy- 
niiiue HHCTpyKUHHM iuTpa(^Hbje nOMeLueHMn. B narepe 
CTpoforo petKHMa Monnrop AonxceH SbiTb KaMeHHuu, b 
/lepeBRHHOM Here ycnoBMn. ho sto ace eu^e BnepeAi^ 
BoT He CMOwer f\,atiVt3Dh M3-3a rojioBHux 60Jiet4 paSo- 
Tajb, OTKawercB - OTKaai^mty nonowen EVP. fonoea 
6onHT, xpoHM'^ecKoe aocnaneHHe cpeAnero yxa. «To y 
Hero pyKa paHeHa, to yxo Gonnr. 3to ece mc Mna^e, Kax 
CMMynnuHfiH. 

Bpa^a M ann Sonee mKenbix cnynaea Her - saKnio- 
MeHHbiH c HH^iapKTOM nponBiKan He;]enio b OapaKe 6e3 
Bpana, Towe c KpoBoxapxanbeM. Tonbxo noc/ie )Karo6bi 
saKno^eHHUx npotcypopy 6oJibHoro yaes/TM a GonbHMqy. 

HopMariMTaHMflsaKnioMeHHbixycTSHOBneHacneitM- 
anbHovi HHCTpyKijkie^: 2400 Kan. B asHb B cneLiManbHbix 
TaOnnuax yKassHa cauan Htiaxan HopMa anw Bspocnoro 
MenoeeKa - 3200 nanopviA. 3to )m3HeHHbi(i MHHMMyM. A 
ABe ueasnvi Hassa nopMy {KOropafl h b M^poBbix cran- 
AapTax npoxoAkiT b rpa^ie «HeAoeflaHb(e») cnHstiriH, 
Tenepb - 1700 Kan. - <<ronoflaKne)>. fla, ho Be;ib napsK 
ecTb, aoxynaii ce6e go HopMbi. B napbxe narepn CTporo- 
ro psMCMMa aanpeiusHbi MocHbie KOHcepBbi. Macno. ca- 
xap. nnarvi aene>Kii.Y sa 6opLu KOHcepB^pOBanHbiA. kom- 
noT flBnoMHwS H r.n. Ha mhoto nii eopiuen xearHT nona- 
ravoiueucn e narepe nnrepKM b Mecnq? Bce yiuter na 
OAHo KypeBO. 3to pas. Apyoe - Ha pyxaetiuax Ha napeK 
He aapaSoraeiiJb, a 3Ta cauan nuTepKa - xonbKO hj 
sapaGoTxa. ecntt ocTaHercR nocne BbmeToa: 50% na 
coaepwaHMe narepn, MOOD, oxpaHbi. 13 pyGnefi 3a 
rmraHHe, euje ciconbKO-HH6yab 3a oa,eMf\y (b pacqpOH- 
ry!). riHTepicM hk y Koro He ocraeTCfl, pssBe mto b npo- 




uinoM rofly Ha 11-m 3apa5oTann, n c rex nop CKonbxo- 
HuGy^b pyGneit, xoTb 20-25, coxpanMnocb Ha nki'4H0M 
CNSTy. Towe, npaafla, Henaaonro xBaTm. Bot lyr ero, 
ron/GuHKa, w anmuHTb napbKOM». b caMbin pas 6yAeT. 
A Ka'HecTBO 3tmx cauux xanopMii! R a^i/iena Kanyc- 
Ty, KOTopy© BesnM b 30Hy: cpasy ne noiiK^eiiib. 4to 3to, 
KO^aHbi >4epHbie, uepanbie (3to Gbino 3HM0h). OTraiOT — 
Gy/ier KHcenb. rionaraiOLneecw no HOpwe msco - kocth, 
WHfibi, nnenKa, a KOren ero, Momer, m 3aKnaflbiBa)0T, a B 
MH/iMBwyanbHoii6an3HAe-HeHuiM. Caxapy- IGrpau- 
uoB B aeHt>. xneGa - 700 rpauMOB, Tonbxo nepHbtfi, 
cwpOH, THJuenwH. Hy, a o ujTpa(})HOM naiSKe b xapiiepe 

MnH B ByPe iJTO H rOBOpMTb. 

npoAyxTOBbie nocwnKbi nnit nepeAann (3 pasa b toa 
HO Gofibius 5 «r BMecre c rapoti, ecriM Ha 50 r Sonbiue - 
BepHyT)aaMHHKCTpauMn narepn MOmeTpaspeiiJWTb TOHb- 
Ko nocne nonoBMHHCpoxa.yKOroaTo 10neT-5neT6e3 
nocbinKM; y knRpefi CiinflBCKOro - 7 ney. nonyopa otch- 
aen - flo nepaoi^ nocbinxM renepb ocranocb flsa rofla, a 
K>nnio-Bcero rofl, MoryTpa3peLU«Tb, no eeflb MOryrrt ne 
paapeiutiTb. «nkiiuiiTbnocbinKoii0. Bot h nniuaiOT. Ocho- 
BaHMeecTbscerAa-HeBbinonHeHiieHOpMbi. yPewenn 
KOH'iaeTCH flecHTuneTHHii cpox, nocbrnw emy nocxosHHo 
«He nonowSHbiH - nopwy ne BwnonHfleT, M He MoiKer 
swnonHkiTb: xpoMeroro. i^to na pyxaBMuax 3to b np^Huvi- 
ne HeB03Mo>KHo, y Penjienp oGmee ncromeHMe, flHamo- 
cT^pyeMoe Aaxe narepnuM Bpanou. H sHaio ntoaevi. 

XOTOpbie 0T6binH CBOlii CpOK OTSBOHKaflO 3B0HKa, KTO 5 

neT, KTO - 6, KTC — 1 7, - ni* paay we ronywHB paapemeHnq 
Ha nocunKy. 3th 5 Kr npoayxToa pas b 4 wecsua ncnonb- 
syiOTCH. xaK Kyco<^eK caxapa b flpeccMpoBxe: RllocnyMCH. 
}KyMKaH. Ann sAoposbfi m 0M3imecKoro pasBHTMn opra- 
HM30BaHa ct)M33apnAKa: uaccoBbie cnopTviBHue Mepon- 
pH)<TMH, Kpocc, HanpkiMep, AnflyMaH cepaua-non^rsa- 

HBTHH. M TO. H ApyfOe, M TpeTbB - CyryGO flOGpOBOnbHO, 

HMxaKoro npnHy)KaeHHB, ne xcneiub - ne xofln. Ho no- 
cbirxy, napeK TorAa He npocM. M bot aapnaxa. ctsphkh, 
HHeanHflbi. c nano'^xoii. ocBoGoxuieHHbie Aa»(e ot pa6o- 
Tbi, BbixoAflT. Maujyr pyxawti, Geryi Ha uecrre, npHceaa- 
tOT, HeKOTopwe nanoyxoii caaflu noAnwpaioTcn, utoSw ne 
ynacTb Sanocunxy. '^ToGbipaapeiuHnM BxpocceGeryT. 
B 3aopoBow Tene - 3AopoBb(ia pyx. 

TpyflHO flajxe nOHBTb. hto sto - ocoSan Hsompen- 
HDCTb, M3BpameHH0CTb, npupoflnaft MfiH BbipaGoTawHan 
cnyntGoH wecTOxocTb m/ih OTcyrcTBMe aymH, xoiopaH 
ySbina nocrreneHHO, b cooTaeTCTBUM c MHCTpyKMMeii. 



AWH kana o'Q 



114 



^ N3 NCIDPII HHANOMblCJtNII 




8 narepe jKHfw HecxonbKO Komen. Mx tsm nio6BT, 
3a6oTflTcn o hhx. HenoTOpwe tsk npuBnsbieaiOTcn, hto 
neperacKMBaiOT c co6oii raiiKOM b HeMOflawe m3 narepn 
B rarepb. flpHKasaHo BbiJiOBHTb e sohb acex KOuje*. H aor 
Hafl3MpaTenM roHntoTCB sa cotuKaMn no bcsh 30ne, noii- 
MaioT - aa nanu, sa xboct h - ronoaoM 06 cion6.,. 

B flBBce, b 11-m narepOTaeneHMM. see BwrnnflMT 
MHBHe. CnopTMBHoe Ho/ie, 6epe30BaB an/ien. 6apaKM 
wi^BonHCHO pa36pocaHbi no TeppMTopMM narepn, AByxiifl- 
pycHwe KOitKM c ceiKawn (b 1 7-m- wapbi), met HenpepwB- 
Hbix oxpiiKOB, flepraHbfl: «CTonTb cmhphd, jiwiuMTb tsm- 
To M Tew-TOB. HpaBAa, iOnvHO 11 raw nprnu/iocb Kpyro: m 
VI3 6pMraAu B 6pMraAy nepeSpacbiaa/iit, He ;iaB3n oceo- 
MTBCfl c pa5oT0Ji, n c narepHOki aMeamjuHOMH noaHBKO- 
MHncfl MK Bpa^y TonbKO Ha HooinKax m 6e3 cojHaHHfi, 
eaiM nonfiaiuKH cneceT, vi »e cnpocncb flOCTaBHT» (na- 
repHafi norosopKa), m b Kapqepe OTcviaejn Mecnu - tax 
KBpuep, Kax nonaraercfl, KawenHbiti. tbm ace Bceptes 

Ho B 1 1 -M 3TO HMeHMO K HCMy, K lOnHK), M eiUC K HCKOTO- 

pbiM OTAsribMbiM saKTiioMeHHbiM. TO K oflHOMy. TO K/ipyro- 
My, npHMeHBjicn HHflUBHflyanbhwii noflxofl, A b o6meM - 
He Tax uennntOTCH, ne noMUHyTHO aeptaiOJ. Aammhiict- 
pauMH Taw. HaflSHpaTenw nenoBeMhee, htd nw, Mnw hb- 
ijanbcieo cflepjKMsaeT aflMHHMCTpaTHBHWH BOCTopr - 
Bce Me pnAOM ynpaeneHtie /lySpoanara. CKopee Bcero, 
aeno btom, hto b 11-moko/io 2000 nonHTsanjiKwenhbix, 
MHoro Moriofle«M: canxMCh c humh - ne oSpaAyeujbcsi. 
nocaflHnnAaHna/iaSKapqep-HecnpaBeAnnBOCTb, niicb- 
MBHHbie npOTecTw; ro/ioflHO - kto m3 nepeAa^^n noaenHT- 
cfl, KTO CO MCBMflaHKHw yxHTpHTCfl caxapy npoHecTM. 
tOnnno6eperann. noMora/iM eMy-o5iL(MTejibHbiMijeno- 
BeK,KOBceMAo6po>t(enaTe;ieH,My)«yK>eeAynpHHMMaeT, 
xaK caoK). Tax hto nHflMBHAyanbHbifl noAxoA x Hewy ne 
OMfiMb-TO nony^wncB: noaTowy, HaeepHoe. n nepeseiiH B 
OjepMoe. 

A B OsepHOM. B 17-M, - 250 ^enOBen acero. ace 
6onbLije CTapMMXM, MHsannAb'. pervirHoaHMKM. nwenpo- 



Tt^aneHUbD). uonoAbix ^enoBex 20 acero. mo ctomt mx 
acex B 6apaHMM por ci:pyTHTb' hbao 5yaeT -us BVP 
ynpfl^yT Bcex 3thx, h b TiopbMy, bo BnaflUMHp, He flae 
Twcn^M, flaa aecnTxa acero. Boi m acn pasHHua. A e 
npMHUMne to «e caMoe. dDocbinKy paspemHw. ecnw ne 
6yAeiub ASHMTbcn c ToaapMiaaMhi; sa^eM euy apysbn, 
3a^eM noiMTMKa, y Heronsaa, nycrbOsaopoBbenoayMa- 
eT He MOweT hb noae/iMTbcs? SnacTe. nocwnxa eMy ne 
nono«eHaii - sto na nepBOM. a CocMoaxe. jiteHe Mo<t)0e 
H3 CBkvtaHkiH. ToHe lUeBMyK Ha 11-m: «Bot nyCTb Myw c 
H3MH coTpyaHHHaeT. nycTb xoTt> B narepHyto raseTy nii- 
luex; TOBapuLUVi Toraa ot nero cawH OTBepHyrcn, aa^ew 
ouvf euy. Oh M3-3a hhx b jiarepb nonan, a tbk napeHb 
xopoLUM»i». H TONce aPasroeapMBaTb na CBviaaHiiH Tonb- 
xo na pyccKOM nsbixen , -a a narepe yxpaMHMb), nuToeubi, 
SCTOKUH. rpysHHbi. naTbiiiiH. xaaaxti. xoro Tonbxo hbt. 
Komen, xaxeTcn, ne yHH4T0)Knnii. ho naex ypeaaH noace- 

MeCTMO... 

BepHyauiKCb na OaepHoro e MocKey, n no3BOH)i/i3 
nonxOBHHKy KfE M.l'l.6apaMMy, xoTopwii. xax n ywe ro- 
Bopkina. /iio6e3HO coo6mn/i mhb o tom, 4T0 mhb paape- 
meHo nwHHoe CBHAaHwe. Mo)xeT 6biTb, AyMaxD. 3necb ne 
SHatOTonepeaocnuTaHMH ronoflOM, MopanbHwxM Hpae- 
CTBSHHbix yHbi)xeHtinx, o npnMbix HapymeHitnx saxoHHOC- 

TH, (faKTHHeCXOM OTCyTCTBMM MeflMUHHCKOH nOMOlUM. 

iXa Beab H e KOASKce sanktcano, mto ntiiueHvie c8o5oa'>' He 
aon)«wo conpoBO)KaaTi>cfl <t>n3HHecKWMH nmueHMnwH n 
ynM>KeHneM ^enoBenecxoro aocTOwncTaa saKiiio^ieHHbix, 
He MOixer QwTb, htoOw SHajiM. - Hy. /ikjabm ne no»anejni 
6bi, tbk 3a poanHv cbow CTbiano, 33 ceSfl Sobsho - eeflb 
if 3Ta xaMHB BbinnwBeT Korfla-Hw6yflb. 

M.M. coo6mnn nine, wto nono«eHne b narepe ewy 
MseecTHO, HTO ace, hto t3M npowcxoflHT, - a paMxax 
HHCTpyKqttH, HMXaXMX HBpyujeHHM HeT. 

- S03M0WH0. fl, ecrecTseHHO, ycTaMOB/iSHHwx no- 
pnaKOB He 3Haio, ohm cexpeTHwe. Toraa, anamiT. 3tm 
npaaiina nexopoiun. B pesynbTaTe moh wyxt, bo3mo»<ho, 
BepneTcn OTTyaa uiHB3ni4aoM. ecriM aepneTCn. 

- 3to ot Hero saancMT, nycTb nepeMenm no3kmnKi, 
a SaM coBBTym HMKOMy HH^ero He paccKasbiBarb. Box na 
awnx e raaeTe noBBHTcn cT3Tbn,TaM see SyasT paccxaaa- 
HOOJiarepnx.. 

- F1 H»i HepT<xKki He npH6aBnnio. n paccKasbiaaK) 
Tonbxo TO MTO caMa BHaena, htd anaeT tOn^ii ^aHiisnb 
MHWxecTBo jix)aeH noATBepanT nK)6yB aeTanb H3 Moero 
paccxasa. 

-An CHHTBiO, HTO OHM xaxoAflTCf) BHepecHyp ucirxMX 
ycnoenHX, cnniuxoM MHOro y hhx cboSoaw. Bot aam My» 
M He MeHtieT noabti^nH. Ha^o SyaeT coaaaTb euy 6onee 
«ecTXMe ycnOBHfi. 

nonxoBHHKy KrB U.kl.BapaMHy ne nonnTb HMXoraa, 
HTO HHxaxMe MMepbi B03AeiiCTBHfl» - ronoa. BYP, TOpb- 
Ma H T.a. -He sacTaajiTflaHHana aaSbiTb. hto oh ne/ioeex 
CrpaAaHHB ot 6o/ie3H*i, ot ronoaa ne woryr cpaaHHTbcs 
c TBM, HTO nepex(nBaeT oSbiKHOBeHHwii nenoBex ne na 
nopofibi oxpaHHMxoB, Bnan npHceaaKJinHx na «3apflaxe>i 
t^HBa/iHaoB, Haa3HpaTenn,Koropbiiiy6iiB3CTKDtuKy,6e3- 
aainnTHyx) rsapb, c/ibiiua rpy6we oxpHXM; aio aaxnKjHeH- 
HbixroHnTHanonHTsaHHTHB-ceroaHfifiexLiiinoryMaHiia- 
Me 

Anpanb 1967 z. 

Apxue Odmecmea nMeuopuamt. 
MocKea. tp. 102, on. 1. deno 74 

OnyOnuKoeaHo b cauujdame 



KAPTtr » 38-40 2O04 



4 PRO MEMORIA 



195 



nOC/IEAHEE C/IOBO JIAPMCbl EOrOPAS 



CHaMaj^a f\ BbmyM^eHa sanBMTt. He- 
MTO, K MoeMy nocneAHeMy cnoey He otho- 
cnujeecn: b 33/i cyAa He AOnymeKbi mom 

ApySbn M pO/lCTBeHHHKM - MOI4 H APyHX 

naacy^i^Mbix.TeucaMbiMHspyLiieHacT 18 
yriK, rapaHTupyioinaH macHocTb cyfleSHO- 
ro pa36MpaTe/ibCTBa. 

B nocneflHeM cnose h »e nMeio bo3- 
MOMCHOCTM VI He HaMepcHa - zaecb m ceitHac 
- ofiocHOBuaaTb cBOio TO'tKy 3peHtiFi no 
HexocnoeauKOMy aonpocy. byay roeopnTb 

TOflbKO MOTMBax CBOMX fleMCTBMM. PlOMe- 

My R «6yAyMH HecornacHoii c peuieHneM 
Knee n CoaeTCKoro npaBMienbCTBao bbo- 
;ie BOiiCK b MCCP», ne ronbuo noflana 
aaHsneHtie o6 3tom b cboom MHCTHTyre, ho 
v< BbiLUJia na fleMOHcrpauHK) Ha Kpacnyio 
nnoiuaflb? 

CyAbH : He roeopHre o cbomx y6e>KAe- 
HHox. He BbixoAMTe 3a paMKti cyaeSnoro 
pasSupaTenbCTBa. 

Eoropaa: f1 He BuxONcy sa paMKM cy- 
fle6noropa35vipaTejibCTBa. Bu/iTaKovi son- 
pocy npoKypopa. B xoflecyfle6Horo pa36M- 
paTenbCTBa 6wr nocraeneH eonpoc o wo- 
Tueax, vt fl lAMen npaBo ocraHOBviTbCR Ha 
3T0M. Moil nocTynOK He 6bin KMnynbCMB- 
HbiM. f\ jQetiCTBOBana oSayMSHHo, noriHOC- 
Tbio oTAaaafl ce6e otmct a nocneAcret^nx 
CBoero nociynxa. 

PI nio6/lK> J«H3Hb M UCHKl CB060fly. M B 

noHHMafia, mto pHCKyio csoeii CBoSoaoit h 
He xorena Sw ee norepnib, 

R He cwMTaio ce6n o6LueCTBeHHUM 
flePTenew. 06iuecTBeHHafi «H3Hb - Ann 
MCHn aajisKO He caMan Ba>KHan h MHTepec- 
HSn cTopoHa >kh3hm. Tcm 6anee, nonHm- 
^ecKan )Ki43Hb. '^To6bi MHe peiJjMTbcn na 
AeMOHCTpauMK), MHe npvuiinocb npeoAonetb cboio Hnep- 
THocTb, CBOIO nenpHnsHb k nySnu'^HOCTH. 

fl npCAnonna 6bi nociynnTb He Tax. H npeAnon/ia 

6bJ nOAAep>K3Tb UOtlX eAMHOMblUineKHMKOB - VI3BeCTHblX 

r\ioae(i. MaaecTHbix cbobh npocfieccHeH Mnn no CBoeMy 
nonoKeHMio b oSiAecTBe. f\ npeAnonna 6bi npMCoeAH- 
HMTb cBoii eeswMHHHbiM Topoc K npoTecTy 3TMX Jirafleii. 
TaKt^x nioAO^ b HaiueM CTpane ne Hamnocb. Ho eeAb uoh 
y6e)KAeHn« ot aroro ne M3MeHHnMCb. 

^ DKaaanacb nepeA Bbi6opoM npoTecTOBaib HnH 
npoMo/T<aTb. flnn mchs npoMonHaTb - anaHHJio npMcoe- 
AviHbiTbcn K 0Ao6peHMio aeiicTBAvi, KOTOpbix n He oao6- 
pnio. (IpoMormaTb - sHa^Hno Ann mcha co/iraib. H ne 
CHHTSio CBOM o6pa3 a^^ctbhA eA^HcreeHHO npasn/ib- 

HblM, HOA^n MeHfl 3r0 6mJ10 eAVIHCTSeHHO aOSMOIKHblM 

peiueHbieM. 

[\nfi MCHfi wano 6bino 3HaTb. mto hbt Moero ronocs 
«3a)«. - A^n MeHH 6bino bbmho, '^to He 6yAeT Moero 
rofioca «npoTWB». 

l^MCHHO wkiTHHrM, paAHO, cooCiAeHHR a npecce o 
8ceo6LAeH noAaepjtcKe noCyAM^^ MSHn cKasarb: a npo- 




TMB, n HB cornacHa. Ecjim 6bi n SToro ne cAenana, a 
C4MTana 6bi ce6n oiBBTCTBeHHOH sa a™ ACHCTBMn npa- 
BMTe/ibCTBa, Toi^HO ran jkb, kbk na acex aapocntsix rpaw- 
flanax naiueki crpaHw nemuT oTBeTCTaeHHOCTb aa bcb 
AeMCTBi^n Hauuero npaBHTeJibCTsa, tohho TaK x/e, na* Ha 
aecb HaLiJ HapoA noKHTCn oTBeTCTBeHHocrb aa CTanHHC- 
i<o-6epneBCitne narepf, sa cMepTHwe npiiroBopbi, sa... 

ripoKypop rioAcyA^Man buxoaht 3a paMKM ofisti- 
MHTenbHoro sawiiOHeHHB. Ona ne anpaae roaopMTb o 
AeiiCTanBx coBercKoro npaBHTenbcrsa, coBercKoro hb- 
pofla. EcfiM 3TO noBTopHTCB, n npomy rmuHTb nOflcyA*'- 
Myto Boropaa nocJieAHero cnoaa, CyA wMeer Ha 3to 
npaso nosaKOHy, 

AABOKar KaMNHCxan: ripoMCxoAkiT HCKoropoe ne- 
AOnoHMMaHKie Toro, HTo roaopuT Botopaa, Ona roBopm o 
MomBax CBOMX ABMCTBbiH. KorAa B coBemaTenbHoiii kow- 
Hare cyA SyflCT rpiWHMaTb peuienne. oh AOiDKen 6yAeT 

yMHTbiaaTb 3TM M0T>1Bbl. M Bbl AOIDKHbl MX BblCTIyLiJaTb. 

AAB0K3T Ka/irHCTparoea . ^ rpvicoeAMHniocb k Ka- 
MMHCKoii, Ot ce6fl xony flo6aBHTb: npoKypop He npaB. 

KOrAa rOBOpMT O BOaM0>KH0CTM JIHlUHTb HOACyAVIMOrO 



www kotTa Of 



19E 



^ n HCtOPim KHAKDMblCilHIt 




npasa hb nooieaHee cnoeo. TaKoro hct b KoaeKce. B 
aanOMe CKaaano /imub, hto npeflceAaie/ibCTBytoiUHii 
MMeer npaao HCimKwiiTb n3 penH noAcy;iMMoro sneuen- 
Tbt, He MMetomiie OTHoiueHMfl K aeny. 

CyAbH: SauBJieMiie npOKypopa cHuraio ocHoeaTenb- 
HbiM. f/CSoaopaaJ: Bw ace epewfl nuTaerecb roBopwrb o 
CBOHx y6e)KaeHnnx. Bac cyflRT He 3a Bauiw y6ewaBHMB, a 
3a eaiiiM aeHCTBiin. PaccKaabiaaiiTe o KOMKpeTHwx a^*^- 
CTBwnx. Cya aenaer Bau saMenaHMe. 

Boropaa: Xopoiuo, n yMiy sto aaMe^anne. Mhc tbm 
6onee nevKO ero yMecrb, hto noKa h aaxie hb KOCMynact. 
MOMx y6ewasHv\w vi hm cnoBa He rosopMna o mocm otho- 
LuenuM K Hexoc;ioBauKOMy sonpocy. 3 HCWuc^MTenbHo 
roBopHna O tom, hto noOyaMno mbmh it ae*CTBM«M. a 
KOTopux n o6eMHniocb. 

y Menn Buno euje oano coo6pa«eHne npoT^ia roro. 
HToCbi noSTH Ma flCMOHCTpaLimo (a MacraiiBaio na tom. 
4T0 coSbJTHH na KpacHOii n/iomaan aonxHw naabiBaTbCfl 

HMeHHO 3TMM CnOBOH, KBK 6bl HX HM HMeHOsan TpOKy- 

pop). 3to - coo6pa)KenMe o npaiotiHecKOM SecnonesMO- 



CTM aeMOHCTpamm. o tom, hto ona He H3- 
MBHviT xoA co6biTMM. Ho » peujHna, e KOnqe 
KOHLjOB, 4T0 ann Mens 3to He Bonpoc 
nofibSbi. aBonpoc woeti nwHHOM oiBeTCTeeH- 
Hoc™, 

Ha BOnpoc o tom, npHsnaio hh n ceBti 
anHOBHoii, « oTBBTHJia: wHeT, ne npHawatos , 
Coxaneio nw n o cnyMUBiiiewca? FIo/ihoc- 

TblO HIIH HaCTH-^HO? fla, MaCTMHHO COWB- 

neio. f1 KpaiiHe cowaneio, hto p^aou co 
MHOii Ha CKaMbe noflcyanMbix OKaaancn 
BaflWM flenoHe, xapairrep h cyab6a koto- 
poro eiae He onpeae/iiiniiCb m Moryr 6biTb 
MCna/ie'^eHbi narepeM. OcranbHtie noAcy- 
aHMwe - anoJiHe Bspocnbie nioan. cnoco6- 
Hbie caenaTb cauocTonTenbHbiii Bbi6op. Ho 
n cowaneio, hto rariaHTnt^BbiM. MecTHbiM 
yneMbiii KoHCTaHTMH BaSMUKufi 6yaeT Ha- 
aonro OTOpeaH OTceubM h ot caoeti pa6o- 

TW. 

fHi 3ana: «fib/ o ce6e aoaopume!») 

Cyflbf): Tpe6yio HeMeanenHO npexpa- 
T^Tb SbiKpMKH' B cnyMae Heo6xoAMMocTH 
6yay Hewea/ieHHc yaannTbwsaana. (KBo- 
sopas). Cya aenaeT bsm TpeTbe sawena- 
Hwe roBOpWTBTonbKOOTOM, MTD KacaeTcn 
jiHHHo sac .. 

Boropa3('pe3«o^:MoxeT.npeflCTaBMTb 
BaM KOHcneKT Moero nocneA''ero cnoaa? 
He noHMMaio. noHeuy n ne Mory rosopMTb o 
apyrvix noacya^Mbix. 

ripoKypop saKOHHiin cbok) penb npea- 
nojioweHMeu. mto npeanoiKeHHbiii vim npn- 
roBop 6yaeT oaoGpeH oSwecTBeHHbiM Mne- 
HkieM. 

Cya He 3aBncnT ot oSiaecTaeHnoro 
MHeHMfl, a aon>KeH pyKOBoacTsoBaTbcn sa- 
KOHOM. Ho n cornacHB c npoKypopOM. Fl ho 
coMHeaaiocb, hto oSiuecTseHHoe MHeHwe 

OaoSpMT 3T0T npurOBOp, KaK Oflo5pBJ10 OHO 

aHanorkiHHbie np^roBopbi ^ paHbme. kqh 
oao6piino 6u nio6oi* flpyroii npwroBop 
06mecTBeHHoe MHCHHe oao6pnT TpM roaa narepevi mo- 
noaoMy no3Ty. Tpn foaa ccbinKM TanaMTnueoMy y^eHo- 
My, 06iHecTBBHHoe UHeHtie oaofipMT o5BHHiiTenbHbifi 
npiiroBOp. BO-nepBbix, noTowy, hto mw 6yaeM npeacTaa- 
neHbi ewy kbk TyHesflMbi, oTiueneHUw m npoaoannKH 
Bpa>tiae6Hoii naeonorwH, A BO-BTopbix, ecriH aaviayjca 
jiioaM, MHeHvie KOTopwx Byfler oTntmaTbcn ot «o6m9- 
CTBeMHOron n KOTopwe na^yr CMenocTb ero awcKaiaTb, 
BCKope OHM OKa>KyTCfl aaecb (yKa3biBaeT na cxaMbio noa- 
cyflMMbix). OSmecTBeHHoe MHeniie oaoSpHT pacnpaey 
waa MMpHOM fleMOMCTpauneii, cocTOBameki us HecKonb- 
KAx HenoBeK 

Bnepa b CBoeti saiuyi-nnenbHOfi pe^H, aau^iimafi 
CBOM MHTepecbi, fl npocuna cya o5 onpasaaTenbHOM 
npMroBOpe. R v\ Tenepb ne coMHeaaiocb, hto ea^HCTBCH- 
Ho npaBMHbHbiu vi ea^HCTBeHHO aaKOHHbiM 6bin 6y on- 
paBaaTenbHuii npHroaop. F1 3Haio sbkoh. Ho n jHaio 
Taioxe M cyae6HyK) npaxTMicy. vi ceroantt, b ceoeM nocne- 
aneM oioae, n Hvmeto ne npomy y cyaa. 

11 oin-nSpa 1968 r. 10:00 



'KAPTA' W ia-tO 20M 



^ m MEMORIA 



197 



/lapuca BOrOPA3 



<<A KAK TPETbn BOMHA 
/IMLUb MOq BMHA...» 




I, UJecTb neT - c 1 994-ro rofla - Poccms soioeT caMa 
npoTHB ce6fl. to ecTb Beaer rpaJnaaHCKyKi BOi*Hy. 

BoeHHa!) TepMKHonorHn npoMHo Bouina b Hauiy 

)K^3Hb - "CVinbl npOTHBHMKaH, KHSUJM HOTeptlH... Aji>* 

MHomx poccniiCKHx rpaiwiaH yrpo Ha4nnaeTCfl, »iait ron- 
BeKa Hasaa. c BoeHHOM cbo;iki^ - n xopouio nouHio bobh- 

HWe CBOflKM 40-X rOflOB 

TeM He MeHee n warn. oMCHb MHortie vi3 momx 
corpawaaH He cornacnTcn c cOpaaoM, Koropoti na^MHaeT- 
en 3Ta craTbo: «KaKaw Bowna?' fla ocoSbie Mepw no 
HaBeaeHMio KOHcmTyuHOHHoro nopcaKa"; «BoeMHan an- 
TMTeppopwcTHHecKaa onepamiR».,. A mto c hmmh ae- 
jiaTb, c 6aHAWTaMM? CaM DyrnH ctasan - «MOHHTb b 
copTHpSH. n noaaentiKiiuee 4Hcno M35MpaTeneH nporo- 
nocoaano sa ny™na na npeanfleHTCKiix Bbi6opax, tbm 
caMbiMH3aTO,4To6wKoro-Torfle-To«MOHiiTb»,HOMe3a 
Boi^Hy we! 

rio^eMy acama npOTHB ce6n»? He npoTMB ce6n, a 
npoTUB MUTejKHOt*, henoKopHoii, cenapaTMcrcKoiS. 6aH- 

jQUTCIfOAMeHHM 

Ha nocreflHee BospawsHMe n Mory OTBeiMTb raK: 
eamit cnoBa - 3to m ecTb o^eBKAHwii cenapar^sM, 6onee 
Toro: reHouna- 

8bi, icTO no/iaraer, hto Poccmh BoroeT He npoTna 
ceCn, a npoiMB KaKoB-To tbm HeMHH, aw y>Ke e cbosm 
coanaHMH sbiserM 3tot (tcyfi'beicT PocctiHCKOki Oeaepa- 
UHHM va cocraae OeAepaMHii. to ecrb m3 cocTasa rocy- 



flapcTBa, BoT bsm m cenapaTwaw - mo c HbetS cropoMbi? 
A ecfiH 6bi n(uio6Hafl ami^j* npoaofl^nacb nporita mho^ 
TeppHTopM»i, KaceneHHOki, b ochobhom, STHM'^ecKHMti 
pyccuMMn, - npeflnonojKBM, npoTMBTOJKe Koraa-TO Heno- 

KOPHOlii, MATeWHOH TaM60Bllit1Hbl (hmchvio TaM npOMCXO 

AHUM My)KMijK»ie 6yHTbi Ha aape cOBeTCNoi) BracTii, m 
Tor^a ycwMpeHkie Haabfeanocb noAaBneHHeM KynaqKMx 
MflTeweki), Bbi yxce corrac^rticb 6bi. "ito stm AeiiCTBHn 
»HanpaeneHbi npoTwa cawHx ce6n? 

A Me^HH Hacenena b Soribiuoti CTeneHM 3THiiHecKH- 
Mi4 MeneHuaMM - snaHOT. 3to He npcTMB ce6»? 

BoT Bau M cawbiki mto hm na ecTb reHoqua, nn^ew ne 
jnyMUiMH, flawe Sonee TOTanbMwii, hem aevicTBMH 4iauin- 
CTOB npoTHB cnaBiiH - 6enogyccoB, pyccKHX - M nmaefl 
tlHOM 3THkmeCK0H npHKBAneiKHOCTH - eBpesB, ubiraH 

Hfler BoiiHa - oQ 3tom cBHaeTenbCtByex ne TonbKO 
BoeHHBJiTepuMHonorHn.CBoaxHcnonncpaHki, HOMcaubi 
fleiiCTBvin , b KOTopbix yMacjayeT apMMn. - apTo&rpenbi, 
6oM6apflMpoBKH, B3HTvie ropOAOB, BOApyiKeHHe ctma- 
roB.. 

KoHsijHo, ara BOfiHa - oco6oro poaa, crpaHHan 
BOMHS Bo-nepBbix. Heo6bRBneHHan. A ctoht aaroao- 
pMTfao wepTBax. oT BoeHHoro noMaHaoBaHun oibiiuiimb: 
w^a. xepTBbi - TBK ae^b BOMnaln 

BO-BTOpblX. BOAHa, Ha KOTOpOK HeTDHHHM 4>pOHTa, 

sepnee, c cauoro ee Havana b jimhmio cJipoHTa npeBpa- 
meHa Bcn pecny6nMKa. 

roBopn o 6opb6e c TeppopHcraMti, nau aeuiaiOT 
nanmy Ha ymM, m Bce 3to SHaiOT. Haw noiicoBbiBaiOT aKTw 
Teppopa, fiKoSbi HMeBUJue mbcto. Eme ne AOxaaaHo. hto 
3T0 fleno pyK ^e^eHCK^x «cenapaTvicTOB», «6anaMT0B». 
Ho nycTb 3To 6bin 6bi aaxe ycTaHOsneHHwii h aoKasaH- 

HblH CtiaKT MT06bl BSOpsaTb HOM. AOCTaTCNHO MBKClfMyM 

nBTH i^enoBeK, ipn flowa - tiflTHafluaTii, 3a nsiTHaana- 
Tbio. nycTfa Aa>Ke nnrbioAecflTbio Teppopt^CTauM h 6aHAM- 
TawH 6 neT roHBeTCn uenan apMMn c BoeHHO-BowymHW- 
MM CMoaMH, c apTHTinepwHCKHMM HacraMM MHorvix nM 
nowManw 3a 3to epeMB? fla. bot. b pesyfibTare ceKpex- 
HOH cneuonepam^M noiiuaH 6eCHOBaTbi(^ PaayeB. Mombt 
6wTb, HaMUHaTbHaao ewno ne co cnrouiHbix GowSapfln- 
poBOK, a c HecKonbKiix TaKMX cneuonepau^M, KOropbiB 
oxasbiBaioTcn ropasflo 3ct3ctieKTHBHee? 

BeAb ABwe MMfiMUHn b norone 3a BoopyNceHHUM 
npecrynHL^KOM He MueeT npaaa npnueHflTb opy^KHB B 
nioflHOM wecTe. Bo3MO)kho, b xoas aoeHHOH onepauHM 
eiue HecKonbxo rnaaapei* OoeBMKOB QwriM yOviTbi, ho c 
HKMM aaoAHO - Tucfl'^H (I) pnaoBbix QoeaMKOB. mmphux 
wMTeneii. He y^acTaoBaBiuMx a BoAne. jKeHutbiH, a.6iev\. 

yeHTbl H nOKaneMBHW TblCB'^H HOflOAWX pe6HT H3 Omckb, 

EKaiepMH^vpra ia Apymx poccMiicKMX ropoaoa. TeKBTOM- 
6bf )KepTB 38 OA>4oro, npear^onojKHM, Bacaeaa Mnn XaT- 
Ta6a. A pe3ynbTaT - HyjieaoiS 



wMkartiorB 



IflB 



4 



N3 NCTDPNH NHAKQMIilCJlllfl 



BnpcweM.STocMOTpsKKaKOMypeaynbTaTycTpeMM- 
nocb poccHHCKoe npaBHTenbCTSo Ecnn aeScTBtiTenbHO 
K TOMy, 4To6bi noKBparb TeppopHcroa, - to peaynbTar 
Hyneaoii MnH fla«e OTpmiaTenhHbiiS. Ho, no BCeMy cyan, 
uenM Gbi/iH coBepiueHHo kiHwe. 

B03MO}KHO. H3 KaKHX-HMGO BfolCOKHX nonMTtmecKMx 
COOGpaJKeHHi^ KaKMM-To pocchmckmm ti ■^e'^eHcuHM nonM- 
TnnecKMM urn BbicujHM BoeHHbiM flenTefifiM (TeM. Koro 
HasbiaaKiT «napTHe^ bomhum) >KenarenbHa 6bina BoiiHa, 
itaK TaKOBas («KOMy eOMMa, a KOMy Maib pop,nsii). Sra 
uenb aocTHfHyra, m Ha MhorMe roflbi Bnepefl. To/ibKO, 
KOHeMHO. B 3T0M HMKTo npsMO He cosHaeica. BnponeM, 
AHaronMii 4y6aHCnOHTM BnpnMyio npw MHecKasa/i cre- 
AyiOLiiee: «B noSeAOHOcnoM BoiiHe KpenneT apMMfi, a c 
HCK) BMecre h rocyaapcTBo. Bcew hbm HeoCxoAHMa 
cunbhan Aep>'<aBa:a aHSHHT. HCHnbHafapwiifi. riosTOMy 
no3MuMn Toro no;iMTHKa (uuencfi a sudy f^enuMCKuQ). 
KOTopuii npn3biBaeT ocraHOBHTb soiiHy, aacjiytKHBaer 
onpefleneHHO tan npeflaTsribCKan*. He py^jawcb, ^to 

UHTMpyiO AOCJIOBKO, HO CMblCJI CKasaHHOrO 5bin MMBHHO 

TaKoii. 

y flpyfHX CTopoHHHKOB boShw oeocHoaaHHfl Moryr 

SblTb COBepUJBHHO (IHblMM. VI T3KMM DOAftM B3pblBbl )KM- 
JIWX AOMOB, flOTDKMO 6blTb. npHUJ/lHCb SOfiee HBH KCTaTM 

- KSK noBOA t aaHTMTeppopMCTMnecKoS aKuMUs 

fl He MCK/iioHaK). HToecTt uTaKMeaeHTenH, KOTOpwe 
xoTenw 6bi, 4T06bi Me^Hn B0o6me He 6w/io na caeTe, ot 
nee cro/ibKO SecnoKOiScTaa m raKan HecraSwibHOCTb. 
Bbin rposHHM, 5bin ryaepwec- Hy. HBT MX, nycTb h He 
OyAeT. M KOMy nyjuHw 3TH Benno HenoKOpHwe, ae^Mo 
Hero-TO Ao6MaaiomMec« '^eHeH^bl. Bes hmx 6biJio 6bi 
xyAa cnoKoiiHee. 

KaK BHAMM. uenM nepawx flesrejieii w BTopwx ahb- 
MerpanbHO npoTHBononomHw, ho e uTore pe3ynbTaT 
oflMM: BOiiHa, aoiSHa. ySMBaTb. M04HTb b coprupe! 

TonbKQ BTOpwe - HeflajibMoanflHbi h HeAocraro^Ho 
nocjieaoBaTenbHw, Ohm nonaraiOT, mo, bcjim yHMHTo- 

WMTb BCex HBHeHCKHX MyWMMH. CKa!K6M. OT 14 OBT M 

BMLue. - MX uenb 6yfleT flOCTHmyra, 336biTa MCTopwn, a 
HeSpfiweHHM ncHxoJiorvifl . IJapb UpoA 6b(ji icyflaAantHO- 
BMflHee: fleTM, or 14 neT vt HMwe, annoTb ao HOBopo»AeH- 
Hb)X, KorAa-Hifl6yAb abipaoTaioT m - SepyrCB 3a aBTOMST, 
npuxoA^T Ha cMBHy y6MTWM OTuaw n 5paTbaM, flpyr 
HapoAOB HocHtt) BMCcapHOHOBMH lOMB 5bir nooieAoaa- 
Te/ibHce HWHSiuHMx nonwTMKOB OMncTMTb KaBitaa na- 
BcerAa ot bcbx ne^eHUBB nororoBHo! 

II. OepaTMMCH K TOMy, "^TO npOMCXOflHT CSrOAHB. 

npoaoroKaeTCfl napTMsaHotan BoiiHa. He SHaw, npoAon- 
watOTcn hm cneuonepaumi no nowMKe nojieawx kombh- 
AMpoa (HMen/eMbtx «6aHAHTbi» n «TeppopticTbi», xoth 
no saKOHy HM1CT0 kb mowbt cHMTaTbCfl npecrynHMKOM ao 
peujeHMH cyaa) . npoAorDKararcn Menxwe h npynHwe Boii- 
CKOBue onepauMn m «3a4wcTXM», Koe-rAC no btopom/ 
pa3y. ripoAonwaoTCfl aaxBarw 3ano)»tHHKOB - Kax c oa- 

H0«, TBK M C APyO'* CTOpOHW. 

Mne cKawyT. poccuScnaB apwHn we saxaaTbieaeT 
aanowHMKOB, - a irro 3TM TwcnMn noAei^, noTopbix coAsp- 
xaT a 0MnbTpaMnOHHbix narepqx? Mx noAseprjiM apecry 
6e3 cyAa m CJieflCTBMn. Ha xaxoM sanOHHOM ocKoaaHUH? 
A-a, MX noAoapeaaioT a npiwflCTHocTM k eanflcimpMnpo- 
BaHMFiM,nopoccnAcKOMy3aKOHOAaTenbCTBy3aAepKaTb 
^enoBCKa momwo ne 6oree mbm hs 30 cyrOK. Kto CKawteT, 
no CKonbKO c/tok coAep)KaTcn roA apecroM 3tm nioflM? 

HeK0TOpweMB0BCe6e3BeCTH0l1CMe3rM,MBOTTOnbKO30 

Mapia «l43BecTH(«» coo6waioT, mto cneunpeACTaBMTefib 



HpesMAeHTa no oCecneyeHMKi npaa vi cboCoa He/ioaeKa 
M rpaxuiaHviHa b Menne BnaAMMMp KanaMSHOB o6btiBMn. 
HTo OH pacnonaraeT ho/ihum cnHCKOM aaAepiKannbix h 
noMeiAeHHbix b cjieACTaeHHue ti3onnTQpbi. to ecrb, bm- 
AMMO. Tex, HbS y^acTMe b BoeBwx AewcTBMflx xoTb KaK-To 
noAT6ep)tuieHO. A ocTajibHbie xcepTBu 3aHMCT0K, noMe- 
tiieHMbie B ({jivibTpaLtMOHHbie nyHXTbi, pasSpocannbie no 
Bceii MeMHe, oTnyiyeHw, 4to riM, Ha ceoSoay? 

A KSK onpeAenneTcn y^acTMe apecToaaHHbix a 6oe- 
Bbix AeMCTBMax? Do cneAaw nopoxa Ha OAC'We >^ no 
cneAyHaTBJieoTHoiijeHMstopyjKMB. Haw CKaaanM: Te, Ha 
KOM HBT KpoBM, 6yAyT ocao6o)ttAeHbi, HenoHPTHO, 4to 
SHanaT stm TyHaHHue pe^M. Bot, CKawsM, n xoflnna c 
BBTowaTOM M Aswe crpennna m3 Hero - ecTb m cneflbi 
nopoxa, M c/ieA ot peMHs bmhtobxh. CTpennna - woxteT, 
nonana, a MOxer. npOMaxHynacb- HeHanHHOM/iM cne- 
unanbHO. Taic ecTb hb mhb KpOBb mhm hbt'' KaK 3to 
ycTaKOBMTb? ripeAnonowiM, Aa*e M3BecTM0, ^to r yna- 
cTBOeanaa HansAeHMM HaoMOHoauea, exasiuMX Ha6po- 
HBTpaHcropTepax. fla aeAb m ohm exann He c xneSoM- 
conbio, a npM nonHou BOopyxeHHM, c rpanaTauM, exann 
Ann npoBQAeHMH o>4eneAHOM aa^MCTKii, MTo6bi 6pocMTb 
rpaHaTy b nepauv^ nonaeuiMMcn nOAsan, r^e npn'^yTcn 

MOn MaTb M ABTM. M/IH MTo6bl CXHaTMTb Moero OTua- 

fipaTa H oTnpaBMTb ero b (bMnbTpauMOHHbivi narepb. Bot 
n M 5epy aBTOMar, n hb xo»y ero OTAaeaTb h aaxe 
CTpennio m3 nero b rex. kto hbcbt 6eAy m CMepTb mhb i* 
MOMM 5nM3KMM ^ HenoBBx, a He TencHOK, noKopno 6pe- 
ayiAHM na 6ofiHio! 

KToonpeACiHT. flMKToaanoCb Moe noaefleHMesnoi* 
floneti wiM neoSxoAHMOM o6opOHOH - ecTb TaKaa ciaTbn 
BnKj6oMyroJioBH0M KOflence. npeBwcuna nn n npsAenu 
MeoCxoAKMoS o6opoHw? 3to mojmst ycrraMOaMTb Tonuito 
cnpaeeAnuBbiM cyA, fla m to apnA fin. A tot conAar, 
KOTopwM BsrpoMosA^'ncB Ha epOHBTpaHcnopTep, M exan. 
4To6bi yfiMTb He Bacaesa. flawe kb MacxaAoaa, a mmbm- 
HOMeHB.-erorMMMacrepKaTOxcenponaxna nopoxoM.n 
Ha ero nre^eTOJue cneA ot aBTOMBTHoro pewna, on Towe 
Hanpasncir cboO aeTOMaT na MBHn ue no caoeM 3nOM 
aone. a no npwKaay xoMaHAupa h noayrpo30MTpM6yHajia 
(b HaujMx BoeHHbix ycraaax noKa hbt Hopww o neBwnoji- 
HeHMH npecTynHoro npMKa3a KOMSHAHpa). Tax BOT. ero 
rMMnacTspKy hhkto ne 6yAeT oSHioxHBaTb, HMxoMy m s 
ronoay ne npMflei npoeepsTb, yMaciBoaan jimoh e 6oe- 
Bbix AeMCTBMHx, CTpefifl/i JIM OH B jiKiAeM. npoMaxHymfl 
MnM nonan. 

ToFAa 3a4eM naw MoponaT ronoay paaroBopaMw o 

TOM, 4T0 K OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH SyflyT OpMBne^eHW TOflbKO 

TB, «Ha KOM ecTb xpoBbB. BpBHbe! npecTynneHMBM npM- 
3MaiOT He HamepeHHoe ysacTwe b y6MMCTBax Mnn nwTKax, 
aynacTv\eB'iHe3aKOHHbix6aHflttK)pMHpOBaHviHx».Torfla 
d nio6oM OTpHA caMOoSopOHw - npecTynnafi rpynrMpoa- 
KB, TaxoBbi JKB M Bce HaujM napTHsaHCKvie oTpBAW b 
nepMOA OTB^ecTBeHHOM BOiiHbi na oKKynmpoBaHHbix 

0ailJHCTaMM TeppMTOpMflX, 

III. M BoewHoe, m rpaJKAancKoe HananhCTBO MHoro- 
xpaTwo yeepsjio nac, hto napTusancKOH eofiHW b HenHe 
HeiMHeByAer noHeMyoHHTaKHaMroBop»T''npM3HaTb, 
HTD TSM MABT napTMsaHCxan aoHHa, 3HaHMno 6bi npM- 
3HaTb. MTo TBM «MfleT boShb HapoflHan, cBHiueHHan bom- 
Ha», M TorAa ne Tonbuo y mcmh aoaHHioiM 5bi aManorMM h 

BOCnOMHHSHMH. HO HTO 5bl HM rOBOpMHO HBUanbCTBO, 

MHorfla M OHO nporoBapMBaeTcn, - hbt, xoneHHO, HHxattan 
He napTM3aHCKaB aok^na, a Tontno naprnaaHCKMe weio- 
Aw BeflCHMB BOiiHbi. HaM ocraeTCB TonbKo AoraAwBaTb- 



■KAPTA' Mt3M0 200* 



^ PRO MEMDRIA 



1H 



en, HTonpM 3T0MHMeeTCHBBnav HQHeMOHKpecrtiXhMH, 
a HMbK) 6oeBHK, ksk ero pacnoaHaib? - ceTyioT apMeii- 
CKHe KOwaHAi^pbi VI o6n«aK3Tca. - BaHQHTbi BHesanHo us 
3acaflbi Ha flopore OTKpw/in oroMb no nepMCKUM omohob- 
uau, HanpaannaujHMCJi ann npoBepKM nacnopTHoro pe* 
xviMa B BeflCHOw -ToecibAnn «3aHitCTKn». 

Boo5me ncKCMKa ecex BoeHhWx cboaok npocro no- 

pa>K3eT HOMOHOBUbl yHHMT0)(MJ1M COpDK 6aK;]MT0BB , xaK 

6yAT0 pe^b HflCT o Tpaane rapanaHOB. CnoaoM. cnyman 
3TO cBOflKM, ooctouhho omymaemb, »(to mx asropaM 
flawe B roroay ntj npuxoflMT, hto co cropoww npomaHMKa 
BOtOKJT VI norwSaioT Towe ntoflw. 

^ He 6yAy ceiimac roaopi'Tb o tom. kby. psjapauiaio- 
me, paanaratoiye AeHCTByer TaKOii toh na poccniiCKoe 
HacejifiHMe, h 6e3 TOfo 3apa)KeHHoe KceHocpoeneii. hh- 
4)tiL(i<ipOBaHHoe arpeccHBhocTbio, SoribHoe iuoaHHii3M0M. 

Boo6me M HciA Me'^BHCKHMH rpaxuiaHaMii. a tom 
MMiiie »i aeTbMM, h Ha^ poccMtiHaMvi npoHSBeABHa rpae- 
MUpyioiuan onepauMti - ivna no6oTOUMM. 

Ham 3aMel^aTe^bHbl^i npeawfleHT, MenoasK c K>pn- 
flnuecKiiM06pa30BaHiieM, kbk 6yAT0 aanncn y^iiTb rpa*- 
aaH 6e33aKOHn»o n Secnpaamo, Hero ctomt ero nptisbie 
MM04MTb9 KOro-To 663 cyfla H cneflCTBMn, h/ih npoaene- 
Hue nofl ero pynoBOflCTBOM BceMapoflMbix npeanflenrc- 
KHx Bbi5opoB noflflynoM aaTOMaia, HnH ryManHoe ocbo- 



SowaeHMe )KypHa/iHCTa AHApen BaCtiMKoro: nocaAnriM 
HesaKOHHO. He3aK0HHOflep)Kannnen3BecTHOrfle.noTOM, 
cnaea Bo:y , ocaoSoflnnM H3-nofl CTpajKM . ho tojkc Seasa- 
NOHHo - He peLueHMeM cyja 0CBo6oflvinM. a no Gav^aoniVA- 
KOMynpeABbi5opHOMypacnopR)KeHMiOH.o.npe3i<AeHTa. 
3rii ciOKeTw flocnoHHbi BUjiKweHHfl b y^eCHiiKM no npaay 
a KaMecree HeramBHbix npMMepoa. 

3a pauKaMM Moero Texcra ocranacb npo6neMa 
QeweHMeB n ycnosMfl coAepKaHiin a ct}vinbTpaLjtioHHbix 
narep^x. BosMOXHue uiarM nj^si pemeHiin ueueHCKoA 
npoSnewbi - aio rowe oraenhHan tcmb, leMa Ann ot- 
AenbHoi^ tJTaTbM h ath cneunanbHoro o6cy*fleHMn. 

Ho BO BCS1K0M cny^ae, b c^wTaio neo6xoAHMwM. 
6e30TnaraTeiibHUM m 6e3ycnoBHUM: 

- npeKpauteHbie oScrpenos m 6Du6apAvipoBOK hb- 
ce/ieHHbtx nyHKToa; 

- AonycK b 30Hy KOHttJ/imrra xypHanMcroa, Hesaeii- 
c^Mbix oTB'^ecTBeHHbix H MeMAynapoAHMX HaGnoAaTe- 
nefi; 

- pac0opuMpoaaHMe {»a ocHoaaHkiM HeKOropbix 
omaiuewHwx ycnoBHM) (JJunbTpamiiOMHbix narepsM 

31 MBpms 2000 e. 

klHdeKC/Xlocbe hb ueHsypy N1Q/2000 



Mbl nPOTECTOBAJIil, HAC HE YCJIblLlJAnii 

OdpaiMGHMe JlapMCbi Boropaa 



YBa)KaeMbie corpawASMe! HeAsrs npomna c 23 
OKTsSpa. AH«, KOrAB coaepiunnocb npecTynjieHHe f^ax- 
eam sanoncHUKoe a meampe wa Sy6poeKe. - Ped.). no- 
TpncLuee Bcex Mac. TpareAHf aaoepuiM/iacb HeCKoribKO 
AHew HaaaA H He Hory nasBaTb 3aBepiijeHMe hm «6naro- 
nony^HbiMD, mm repoHMecKHw. tin sbicoKo npocJieccHO- 
Ha/ibHWM - 6onee era norM6iuMx. no-MoeMy, Mepeojyp 
BWCDKan uena sa no6efly HaAsnoM. M ace Me. no-Moewy, 
nopa OTsneMbCB ot 3moumh m nocTaanTb nepsA coSoii 
Bonpocbi. Tpe5yioinH© hs 3HOnMOHanbH0M peaxuiiH, a 
pasyua h oTBeTCTseHHOCTw ot naJXAoro H3 nac. 

Bo Bce a™ Tparn^ecKiie ahh ne pas 3Byvian aonpoc: 
KSK Morno TSKoe cjiy^nxbcn MTo6bi HecKonbKO AficniKoa 
BAOB, OCMpOTeBUJMX nOApOCTKOB pBiunnMCti Ha TaKoe 
HyAOBMiUHoe npecrynneHwe. Ho aonpoc oCuhmo Kacan- 
cfl TeKHMnecKHX flSTaneii, otbbt hb nero Aano 6bi TonhKO 
AoSpocoBecTHoe cneAcrawe. a y hbc c aawii Her Anf 
3ToroAOCTaTOHMoft,AOCTOHepHOHMH(t)opMaMM*i.RnpeA- 
naraio aau n ce6e, Ka)KAOMy us nac, npocroMy rpawAaw- 
Hy. nHcaTencM, )«ypHanMCTaM, flpeSHAeHTy oraeTHTb na 
Bonpoc. KBKDBa HaiLia B^na, b new coctomt Hauia otbct- 
craeHHOCTb 3a cny^MBmeecn? 

Kax Mbl 3HaeM, npecrynHHKH Tpe6oBanM npeKpaiye- 
HMseo^HbiBMeHMe.BbiBeAeHHBMsMeHHMctjeAepanbHbix 
BOScit. K0He4HO. M35paHHbirt npecTynHMKaMM MeTOfl a, 

Kax BOflbUJHHCTBO M3 BaC. CMHTatO HeflOnyCTHMblM. HacM- 

/ine B ntoSoM ero $opMe nopowAasT Haciinne, oho hb 
MOweTnpHBecTMKnonMTrtMecKOMyyperynMpoaaHMionoH- 
(JjnnKTOB. fl roToea nonnTb hamero npe3MAe"Ta n A3*e 
cornacHTbCn c huh b tom, mto c npecTyrHmtaMM neyMe- 
CTHw HMKaKMB neperoBOpw. HMKaKwe KOMnpownccbi. 



BwecTc c TCM, oTKas ot neperoaopoB, otbbt MaCM- 
TMeM Ha HaCHjivie noenev mOenb 6o;iee era HeBMHOBHbix 
xepTB, H CMMTaw BHyrpeHHioio noniiTHKy hblumx BnacreS 
npecrynHoii b tom, 4to KacaeTcn cofiniOfleHMn npaa ks*- 
AoroHenoaeita MrpajKABHHHa.-a eeAb Mbi cawH M36pa- 
jiH 3Ty anacTb. Mw ne yMejiM pemwTenbHO norpeGoBBTb 
OT BnacTM wsMeHeHMn ee npecrynHoii noniiTMKH. Dpaa- 
Aa, eiAe HeCKoribKO nei HasaA MMOKecrao poccMiicKMx 
rpaxiAaH Tpe6oaajiH npeKpauieHMn bomhu e HeMne. Mu 
AeMCTBOBan^ snonne uMBMnMsoaanHbiMvi ueroAaMM. 
nnKoroHB6panMB3anowHHKH,HenpM6eraniiMH!(KaKOMy 
HacnnMKi. Mbl npoBOA^ri^ Mi^pHbie M^rviHrH. Aawe nt oan- 
KuHOHMpoBaHHbiB, Tpe6oBann npeKpamBHHH bomhw b 
caOHx nporecTHbix nMCbMax. MMTMHrn oioaafiMCb cnvttu- 
KOM MajiOMMcneMHbiMn, TpeSoBaMMfi po5khmh, HCpemn- 
lenbHWHH. Hhkto h3 nac He sanann 06 aKunii rpa)t(aaH- 
cKoro HenoBMHoaeHMR. Heuano poccm^ckmx rpa>KAaH 
flaMC noAAep>«nBann fpdSMyio, npecTynnyio aoiiHy b Hen- 
He. He no3T0My nn OTaeTCTBenHbie niiua ne co'nnn nyx- 
HblM nOCMMTBTbCfl C HaiUHHM Tpe60BaHHHMH? Hm nofiH- 
TM<^ecKkie nupfipbi, hm llpeakiAaHT /xame xe BcryniiriM b 
AHCKycwK) no STOMy noBOAy. A BCAb mw- He npecTynwH- 
KM-ieppopticTbi ^ ne vtx nocoSHUKM. 

BepofiTHO. aHTviBOSHHbie MMTtiHm AornKHbi 6binii 
6biTb 6onee MaccoBbiMM, 6onee noc/ieAoaaTenbHUMM. 
6o3MO)Kno, ecjiH 5w He Haiua naccwBHocTb, Hsme pasHO- 
Ayiuiie, Aeno m ne Aouino 6bi ao ipareAMn 

R aApecyncaoe o6BMHeHMe ce5e cawovi h Ka)KAOMy 
»3 BBC. corpaNUtane. 

29 0Hma6psi 2002 a. 



vnnr K*ru otB 



211 



^ H3 NCTSPHN NHAKQMblCJIIIil 



/lapuca BOrOPAS 



ABTOHEKPO/IOr 




3a nociiejiHHe roiibi croibKO mhjimx mkc. .hoChmux 
MHOToap^-iefi yui.io, xaK roBopHTCs. b mhphhoB, h o KaxjOM 
MHC npHUi.iocb ntfcaTb HeKpOjior: iJlapa. tu tk ero (ee) 
jij^uic Bcex ;ipvTHx 3Ha.iB H HBOHcaTb CMOwetub .i>'miie 
iipyrHX...»H HeoTKa}KeiiJbcsi-Be:ib3To6i>uio6uBcepaBHO 
KSK OTKasaTbCM oTjatb noc.iejiHHH jojrr jmejiucM) Jp>r>. 
KSK SyjTO Tbi o HCM He CKopGmub, hc xoieiub noMHH>-Th 
ao6pb[M c.ioBOM... A nHcan. o.ihh Hespaior 3a ,ip)thm, 
HBXojii BCSKHfl pa3 HOBue. HejaeiwcHHbiecjioBa.-noBcpb- 
Te, saHHTHe He To.ibKO OHeHb TJi3Ke.ioe jyuieBHO, ho h hsmb- 
TtiBaHiuieTpy.iHOe. Both nHiueiub,ojKH3ajpyrnM, HHorjia 
aa%e caua Bbi3E.[Baeiiibcti... IloHeBOJie noayviaeuib: focno- 
jK, xoTb 6bi nocKopec nojoui-ia «os onepenb. m n jcrb Torja 
ilpyrHe nOMvqaFOTcs, bot Torja ohh yjHaiOT, ito oto raKoe. 

H BOT fl peuiH.ia: Kei, n He xo<(y, itoGw kto-to 5.ih3khR 
MHen3-3aMeHHM>'4H;icH, "AHanHuiy-KascaMacBoaHCKpo- 
jior. Oh 6jaeT bhc KOHKypeHUKH. paa cavia ce5e». 

CaMaDTaHaeiKaKSbi CHHMa-iaiJi.ieprpyeTHOHTopace- 

CTBCHHOCTH C COSWTKH CMCpTH. tipHMBa-ia eMJ HeCKO.IbKO 

6aiaraHHwft ottchok. A noncMv Sw hct? Bcjb iipcBpaTK.i 
jKe KaiqepYKKH coGctbchhwc noMHHKK b o6a>tTe.ibHoe. 
coBceM He Top«ecTfleHHoe npejcraB-ieHHe, 6e3 bchkoA Ha- 
nMiuCHHocTM, 6e3 npHjiHHCCTBviouicH neia-ibHOMy co6bi- 
THK) o6x3aTe.ibHoR ckop6h Ha .iHuax, Ses cjepwKBaeviwx 
pfaiaaHHft B ro.iocax... H o raK xofy! Bot nanHuiy cootbct- 
cTBytomHfl Moewy saMWciy HeKpciort B raKofl ctrtkcthkc 
H xafana ero. Ho. ciaBa Eory . nHiuy n ><pc3BbJHBfiH0Mca,ieH- 
HO, noKa jo6pa.iacbaoeepejHHbi, ycncianoayMaTbHoay- 
MaTbCH. 

A Ha caMOM jieJie, Hcro y» oco6«nHO BcctiHTbcji? 
CMepTb - co6uTne joCTaiofHO cepbcsHoe h, noBCpbTC. 



jeficiBHTtibHO neia-ibHoe. H ec.iH kto-to aaxoier nosTOMv 
noBojy Bcn.iaicHjTb - nycTb, hc CKpuBascb, non-iaier, a 
KTO-TO OTKpuTO ynu6HeTcg. BCnoMHHB npo cefiH 4TO-T0 
npMJiTHoe. CBfBaHHoe c yxojtiuDiM. 

jlHtllbfiblHHBTOM. HKEJp;rOMHe6bI.T0Hap0'iHTOCTH. 

iQnsaTdbHOCTH. He 6u.io obi ooMaHa. 

Tenepb n xoiy HartHcaTb bot b TaKoR TOHa_ii.HocTH 
CBofi HeKpojior. TonbKo6bi yctieib: Benb hhkto hc 3HacT hh 
JHH. HH laca. Hy, a He ycneio. laKroHi-ibHOCTb h yaie 3ajajia. 

HTaK. CMepri, co6uth^ aa^KHoe h neia-ibHoe. Mhc. 
jopofHC, .7K)6HMbie. MHe rpjcTHo pa3Jiy>faTbCfl c saMH. kqk 
H Ba\). HasepHoe. co MHofi. FlpaBjia, mhc Bce Ke .Terne. neM 
MHorMM: s-HCMory cKftsaTii. troBepio, nonce iKeiiaaeiocb 
Korja-HH6yjb. Haaerocb, hto ofCHb HecKOpo Iho ito TaKoe 

J.IW BeiHOCTH <IHeCKOpO»?), BCTpCTHTbCH C BSMH Ha HOBOM 
BKIKC »tH]HH. C KaMtJblM B CBOfi aeMi H Hac. KtO-TO H3 BBC, 

He aaS Bor, mojkct h onepeaHTb mch«, ho Bce paBHO Banc- 
Hicb na BCTpeny c (tajKjwM h c y«e yiuejuiMMK. Boace Moft! 
la Beat aro CyacT tokoc ciacTbc, KaKoro ne cmck) TpeCo- 
BaTb. a To.ibKO HajesTbCft Ha Hero. 

Ho EOT noKa h, euie MCKBas, nHtuy 3T0T KeKpaior, 

nOJBUnbTC MHe CKB3aTb BOM HeVTO BaXHOe .0.3)1 MCHH, a 

\io«eT, H iTK aae Towe. JI jo.iro JKH.ia h HeMa.io rpeuiH.ia. 
i:pHHHHHB5o.TbH3.30KOMy-TOH3BaC. ^THCBOH rpexH d Bce 
noMHKi, KO He 6yiiy cettiac o HH^ paccKa3biBaTb: m ne 
CTopoHHHua ny6jiMHHoro noKaxHHH. floKaiocb nepea Bce- 
BbiuiHHM. aBac,MOHx6.iHxcHHXHaB/ibKHX, npotiiyinpocTH- 
TE MHC MOH BHHbT nepe.i BaMH, "aKO )Ke h aa. rpeuiHaJi. 
npomaio BparOM HaiUHM». - bccm. ec;iH kto .lyviaer. tiTo b 
HeM-TOBHHOBaTne[>eaoMHOK). JlaioBaM c.iobo, hto hhkom; 
He no\iH[0 Hx BHHu, a To.ibKO cboh. ripocTHTe h npoiuaftTC. 
Erne ti xoty CKaiart. ito 6uiia ciacr.iuBa b cbocI) 
5KH3HH. Cyjbfia nojapH-ia mhc sac Bcex, Baiuy ap\-*6y h 

.TK)60Sb H MOW .TIOSoBb K BSM. ECJIH CCTb npHMHKB. KpOMe 

tiHCTo 6Ho.TornKecitor o CTpexa, no KOTopofi r hc xoTcia 6bi 
yxojMTT., TaK 3T0 TO, HTO n He xony paccraBaTbcsi c aaMH. Ho 
KaiKjuff H3 Hac CMepTeH, vt Kaauul) h3 nac snaei o npejCTO- 
Hmefi pas-iyne. OcTacTca To.ibKo CMHpHTbcn. 

A euie fCM a xa.ieio - 3to hto hc y3Hato. hc j BHaty 
CBOHMH r.nasaMH, ksk ci6ycTpoHTCH KH3Hb mohx MnaauiHx 
nOTOMKOB, HCMsyiuHN ceTojHd H euic He npHuieaiaHX a itv 

)KH3Hb. M0JIKH3Hb, M0)KH0CKa3aTb, COCTOS.iaCh, H COCTOH- 

.TacbxOTbM HCTepKO. HO, KaK«i>iKccKa3a.na, 6o.ieecHacT.iH- 
Bo, HCM M Toro lac.iyvKH 88.18. A BXM. MOH joporHc. npejcio- 
ht euie npojKHTb KaaaoMy cbow xpyaHyto »:H3Hb. He poH- 
lUHTe. He BnaaaiiTe b > huhhc. Kbk roBopHTCx. Bor nocbi.iaei 
Ha.M McribiTaHMji. H Oh «c jaci cH.ibi ;ijifi npeoao.icHHH kx. 

JlepwHTecb! 

B HajejKje hb ne cihuikom cKopyio BCTpenv 

Bcerja Batiia .uoOouiati .lapuca, earn ipyr, mbmr, 

GaGyiuKa. npafiaCyiiiKa. 



PedaKuun cepde^Ho Gnaeodapum MexcdyHSpodHoe 

o6uiecmeo iMeMopuana aa npedocmaeneHHbie dnn 

nydnuxauuu 0omoepa0uu. 



■KAPTA' » 38-40 20M 




reHHaAMM KOCTblPHEHKO 

(lAEJIO BPAHENn: HblTKN M IPAJIbCNiPNKAIlllN 



«(Aeno Bpa^ei^n eoui/io b Mcropiw kbk OflHa m3 
MHoroMncnetiHbix npOBOKau^fi flHtaaTopcKOra pewMMs 
CTajiMHa, KOTopwK caM nHcnMpiiposan 3to «fleno», hc- 
no/ibsoeaB e Ka^ecTBe nOBOaa arm Manana ero 0a6pM- 
nam^n nucbHO crapuiero cneflOBaienB c/iencTaeHHoii 
^acTM MfE CCCP no oco6o aaxcHbiM fle/iau rOAnonKOB- 

HbtKS PlOMMHa. 

B3TOMnMci>Me,nepeaaHHOMCranMHy2Mionn 1951 
r. r.M ManeHKOBbiM. coaepwajiwcb o6BHHeHMB npoTHB 
MMHKCTpa rocyaapcTBeHHow SeaonacHOcru B.C. ACaKy- 
Moaa. OflHO M3 HMx saKJuoianocb a tow, mto A6aKyM0B 
RKoSbi sanpeTHfi M.fl- PiOMMwy paccneflOBaib leppopM- 
CT^1'^ecKyK) fleBienbHOCTb npcxJieccopa-TepaneBTa fl.r 
GTunrepa. apecToaaHMoro 18 H0q6pfl 1950 r., yoTB tot 
enpn3Hancn». mto, GyflyMM KOHcynbTaMTOM JleneSHO-ca- 
HMTapHOro ynpaB/ieHna Kpewnfl. b 1945 r. KBpeflMrenb- 
CKHM noMeHHeM* cnocoecreoaan CMepTu ceKpeTapn UK 
BKn(6) A,C. LUep5aK0Ba, 

Boree Toro, Piomi4h yTaepuman, mto ASaKywoB 
pacnop^aM/icn coAep>*<aTb noACneACTseHHoro a aaae- 
p,oMO onacHwx Ann s^opoBbn ycjioBiinx. neu yMbiiiineH- 
HD flQBen ero oD CMepTM u ^eu cauuM •caarnyiuHri Aeno 
TeppopucTa STuwrepa, HaHecn ceptesHbii* ymep5 mhtg- 
pecaM rocyflapcTBa». 

4 Mtonn PtoMMH 6biii BusBan k CTa/iviHy. b KaSHHeie 
KOToporo B npMCyTCTBMH B.M. Mo/iOToea, r.M. ManewKo- 
Ba, Jl.n, BepMP, H.A. BynraHWHa cocrowiocb Hewro epo- 
Ae ero ohhom ciaaKH c A6aicyM0BbiM. 

TeM Mce anem oi^opMnneTcn peuieHMe o cosashmh 

KOMBCCMM nOJIMTSfOpO B COCTase Ma/lBHKOBa, BepMH H 

saeeayKiiuero Otabhon napTviJiHbix, KOMcouoribCKHX n 
npo0coiO3Hbix opraHOB U,K C.A MrHaTbeaa. a Taioxe o6 
DTCTpaHeHWM A6aKyM0Ba ot oGnsaHHOCTefi MHHMcrpa. 

1 1 nio/iH no AoioiaAy npeflceAaTenn komhccmm Ma- 
jieHKOaa rioniiTfiiopo npHHHMasT nocraHoaneHMe bO we- 
6narononyMHOM nonoweHMM a MHHHCTepCTBe rocyaap- 
CTBeHHoii 6B30nacH0CTn CCCPb, KOTOpoe Mepe3 Aea 
AHfl B BHAe aaKpwToro nucbwa HanpaBJineTCd pyKoooA- 
CTBy peniOKanbHbix opraHoe napTitki ia rocSesonacHOC- 

TM. 

Her coMHSHMM B TOM. HTO HHKTo noMUMo CTannto 
He Mor yKSsaTb b 3tom nocTaHOBneHUM h3 «6e3ycnoBHo 
cymecTByiomyio saKOHcnMpMposaHHyio rpynny Bpa^eiJ, 
BbinojiHnKimHx saflaHMB wHOCTpaHHux arSHTOB no rep- 
pop HCTH^eCKOii fleBTenbHOCTM npoTMB pyKOSOAHxeneS 
napTMM^i npaBbiTenbCTsas. 

noflTBepwAeHMBM Towy MoryT cnywMTb noKaaaHun 
klmaTbeea. Aa^Hue cpasywe nocpe CMepiM CTatiMHa, 



KOrfla TOT 3an8«n. 4to npn HasHa^eHMM ero Ha aojiw- 
HOCTb MUHHCTpa rocyflapcTaeHHoft 6e3onacHocTM (bms- 
CToapecToeaHHoroA6ai[yMOBa)BoxAbnoTpe6oBarnpii- 
HflTvinHpeujMTenbHbJXMepnoBCKpbiTkiiorpynnbiBpaMei^- 
TsppopMCTOB. scyujecTeoBaHMvi xoTopo^ oHAaBHoy6e>K- 
aeHK. 

Tenepb PoMHHy, HasHaneMHOMy saMecTHTeneM 
MMHMCTpa rocCesonacHOCTH m HaMSfibHHKOM cneACTseH- 
HOii <HacTvi no oco6o Ba^HUM Aenaw, a raioKe nonysHB- 
meuy perynnpHbiii Aocryn k CTaxiHHy. Heo6xoAi'uo 6bino 
npeAcraBMTb AOxasaTenbcrea ano^aMepeHHUx koshsA 
KpeMiieBCKHx Bpayew npoTwa vx awcoxonocraBneHHbix 
naunCHTOB. 

flnn sToro e MfE 6wna co3Aana cneuwa/ibHan rpyn- 
na, KOTopap Havana nposepKy Bcero weflHUMHCKoro nep- 
coHana, KorAa-nn6o paSoTaaiuero b nwcaHynpe KpeM- 
nn. 

OAHOBpeMeHHo HaMarcn nepecwoTp pahHee bo3- 
eywfleHHWxyronoBHwxAsn. BTOM HHcne m »a apa^a C.E. 
KapnaH, xOTOpyio 16 nana ap€CTQBani4 ksk eepeitcKyio 
HauHOHanMCTxy. Ha Aonpocax Kapnaii peuJWTenbHo ot- 
pb^uana hiHKpiiMMHHpOBaBLueecR eii saBeAouo Henpa- 
BHnbHoeA>^arMocTi4poBauMe3a6orieeaHH^HTeM caMbiM 
OTOABMHyna Ha 6onee nosAHMki cpOK apeciw Apyrvix 
BpaHeii. 

CTan^H noCTonHHO noA^^eriiBan Hoeoe pyxoBOA- 
CTBoMPB. 3nMOMl952r.OHCKa3anHrHaTbeBy,4TO,ecfiti 
TOT «He BCKpoeT reppopMCTOB, aMepuKaHCKMx areHTOB 
cpsAn Bpa»<eH. OH 6yAeT TaM, tac A6aKyMOB». Floc/ne 
CTonb fiBHObi yrpo3bi MaiuHHa cneACTBtif* sapaGoTana na 

BOO MOlUb. 

MToSbi npuAaTb aepcMM neMe6Horo epeA^eribCTea 
6onee v\nvi wenee o6ocHOBaHHwvi c MeAHynHCKOii tohkh 
3peHwn xapaicTep, MFE ahb cocraBneHWd nono«eHHbix b 
tskhx cny^aoK axcnepTwwx sawiiOHeHMi* npHe/iexno rpyn- 
ny MBAMKOB, B 50nhllIHHCTBe CBOBM HSmaCHO COTpyAHM- 

HaBLUiix c anpranaMMH 

OflHMM M3 TaKMX SKcnspTOB OKasanacb Kapflnonor 
Kpefc«neBCKOH 6onbHMUbi /1,«. TuMaiuyit, KOTOpyio Xpy- 
lAea noaflHBB, ywe na XX cteaAe Kncc, oCBMHun nyrb 
riM Hs B viH«uMiipo8aHkM lAsna Bpa^eAx 

riocne Toro xax a kohmb ceHTB5pn 1952 r. MrHaTbes 
npCACTaBHn CranMHy cnpaaicy PioMMha o pesynbraTax 
AonpocoB apecTOeaHHwx ueAHKOS, MeAHMMHCKHx skc- 
nepTM3 H T.fl. , TAB CO BCBi^ 00 pefle/ieH HOCTb K) yraepMAa- 
nocb. MTO KpewneBCKMe apa^H naMepeHWo ywepTBtuiM 
LUep6aKoaa ^^ >KAaitoBa, Ha^anMCb apectbi rnasHbix yna- 
CTHMKOB Mi4(t)MMecKoro «BpaMe5Horo sarOBopa*. 



www kAr'a CO 



202 



^ 3HAK BEAbl 







npoipeccop M.C Boecu 



flofl CTpajKy Bbim 
BSHTbi AOKTOpa T M Msfi- 
opoB VI A H. OeaopoB, a 
TaKwe npocfieccop A. A. 
BycanoB. KoropMfl pyno- 
BOAi^n J1e<^caHynpoM 
Kpewnn flo 1947 r. B Ok- 
Ta6pe Ha flyCBHtty 3a6pa- 
J1H npo0eccopa n M Ero- 
pQBa, 3a nonropa uecn- 
ua flo 3Toro CMemeHHoro 
c nocT3 HanaribHMKa Jle^- 
caHynpa. ApecTOBa;iM vi 
ero wsHy, KOTopyo C no- 
HOiubio yrpo3 sacTaaunii 
orOBOpKTb uywa. 
B HonSpe rau oxaaanitcb npo0eccopa B.H. BMMor- 
pa^OB. B.X. BacHiieHKo, M.C. Bobci^, G.E. KoraH, a b 
aeKa6pe - npotjjeccopa A.M. rpnHiUTei*H. A.M. *ent>fl- 
M3H, ?l C. TeuKMH. TeM He Menee CranHH 6btn neaoao- 
jiftH peay/ibTaTaMM cneacTBvin. 

PioMMHy ran d ne yaanocb npeflcraBHTi. flOKasa- 
TenbCTBa Toro, KaK ASaKywos u nK06bi 6bieiiii<e c ^mm 
saoAHO neBpeucK^ie HauvioHajmcTbin b annapare MHB 
co;ie*iCTBOBann aeapeiiCKOMy 3aroBopy». B HTOre Pio- 
MMH 14 HQfl6pti 1952 t. 6e3 o6bflCHeHvin rpMinn 6bin 
ompaBJien pcutOBbiM corpyAHMKou b MtiMHcrepCTeo roc- 
KOHTponfl CCCP. 

Bo3MO)KHO, c noAa*^" Sepun hobi>im HSManbHiiKDM 
cneacTBeHHoii ^acrw no ocoBo sawHbiM aenaM v\ pyKoso- 
AMTeneu cneACTBviFi no v-neny Bp8Hei4» cran nepsbiM 
aaMecTMxeiib MUHHcrpa roc6e3onacHOCTM C.A. Torn^vi- 

36. 

CiafiHH yno/iHOMoiMn PomMflse othmbhh KMHcraH- 
i4ki^>> nepeaSTb cne/iosaTGnflM no oco6o BawHuw ae- 
Jiau, ^To B Mrs «Henb3(i paQoraTb b 6enbix nepnaTKax. 
ocraBancbHHCTeMbKHMHB. OflHOBpewehHO oh pacnopn- 
avincfi osHaKOMviTb apecTOBaHHux spa^teiii c o4>imHanb- 
HUM 35flBneHiieM cneaCTB^n. coaep»<aBLUMM ogeujaHkie 
coxpaHBHHB WH3HH B o6MeHMa nopHoe npusnaHvie «acex 
npecxynnenHMs . 

OflHaKo 3Ta yjiOBKB, B3nTan h3 apceHana MeioAOB 
«6onfaiijoro reppopa*, oco6aro 34>4>eKTa ne Muena. 

He noAAsricn Ha stot KoeapHbiii nptieu npoc^eccop 
BHMorpaflOB. 3a3T0KneMynpwMeHHPM«ocTpbie» wero- 
abi aonpoca. OKaaaBLUMCb na rpani^ )km3hh m cueprM, 
BMHorpaaoB ycTynmi ncTflsaTennw m noAniican noAro- 
TOBneHHoe v>MVi «npii3HaHne» b «LiinnoHCKo-Teppopwc- 
TH4ecKovi aenTenbHoCTMw, 

BbiKpMCTanriM30Ba/iaCb crieayK>\iiati cxeus «3aro- 
eapa» 

BiiHorpaaosa euje b KOHije 1936 r. laaepSoBan 
6paT E.B. Korana «aHmiitiCKHJS ujnnoH» M.E. Koran, ko- 
Topbiii c 1 934 r. paSoian b JleHcawynpe KaK npoc}>eccop- 
KOHcynbiaHT. 

yToep>Kaanocb, hto 3to "aaaH'^iuHMJS arewT MHren- 
nMaJKenc cepBHCB . awxoaeu n3 *MenKo6yp)«ya3noiS» co- 
MkianviCThiHecKOti paSoneii napTM^, 6b>n xopomo SHaxou 
c CM. M^xoancoM, H.C. Oe0epow. B.A. LlJHMe/ii<iCBM- 
^eM M apyviMM pyKOBoa^TenfiMH EapeMCKOro aHi>t4)3- 
ujHCTCitoro KOMMTera. nenun ceMbio B.M. MonoToaa, 
HBnnncn c 1944 r. nH^HbtM BpanoM ero weHw, H.C. 
>KeM'4y)KMH0A. 




npo09ccop fl C TeMHUH 



nocne HecKonbKi4x 
AonpocoB c npMcrpacTM- 
eu BHKorpaaoB tccoaHan- 

Cfl», UTO M.b. KOfBH 

annOTb ao csoeii CMepTi4 
B H0«5pe 1951 r. Tpe6o- 
san coo5maTb ewy o co- 
CTOOHMM 3AopoabO ^ no- 
noMeHbivi aan a ceubnx 
CrannHa h flpymx pyKo- 
aoAi^Tenefl. 

B nocneayniuiie Me- 
cflUbi. comacHO loii #e 
cxsMS c/ieacrann. (J>yHK- 
L^M «KypaTOpaN BHHOrpa- 
Aoaa no ncfiKpeTHOMy 
npHnasy m3 ToHaoHa" 

6binM nepeaaHbi ai^peKTopy KfiHHHKH ne'^eSnorD roira- 
HUB np0($eccopy M.M, DeBanepy Tot. OKasbiBaercB. 
Bbiexaa a nanane 1930-x roaoa a Kap/icSaa. nonan b 
mnHOHCKb^e csth, KOTopbie bicxycHo paccraBvtn ero poa- 
CTseHHhiK, HSKiiA Menaenb SepntiH. Bbixoaeu ii3 Pocci^m, 
nonyiibiBLiJiii^ 6pHT3HCK0e noAAanCTBO. BcKOpe, cornac- 
Ho cueHapMKi, B K/ikiHMKy K nBB3Hepy AJin nenocpea- 
CTseHKoro KOHrponn naa h«m h xaKCBnaHHKa c pesMaen- 
TOM aHrnniiCKOM pasBeaKii a MocKBe «8HeApn'0T» gpara 
MeHAenn BepnviHa - coaeicKOro rpaxcaaHMHa. npo0ec- 
copa MeAMUHHbi n B. GepoMna. 

W Bor 3T0T nocreaHHii. BCTpeTMeujHCb a aexa6pe 
1945 r. c cwHOM CBoero noHflOHCKoro Spaia Mcaiieii 
BepnHHbiM, npviexaBLUMM b MocKay 6 Ka<HecTBe aroporo 
ceKpsTapn nocoribCTsa BeriiiK06pHT3hviii, Ha/ia>KvisaeT 
'^epes Hero perynRpnyio ornpasKy ceKpeTHoii viH4>opMa- 
UkiM 3a rpaHi^uy. Hai^i^HaeT ctiyHKUvioHMpOBaTb KaHar 
lunHOMCKoii cenaM, o6cnyM»iBaioLUMM cneayioLAyKi aren- 
TypHyo ceTh: B.H. BMHorpaAoa - MB. BepjiMH - M.M. 
neB3Hep - J1.B. BepnviH. B 1951 r., b cbhsi^ co cMeprbK) 
Korawa, BMHorpaaoa cran KOHTaKTupoaaTb nenocpea- 
CTBeHHO c neBsnepoM 3to ewno-ae tcm 6onee yaoSHo, 
TaK KBK nocneaHwvi bxoamji b cocraB peaKonnernn aos- 
rnaan^iBLiierocFi BviHorpaaOBbiM wypHana uTepaneBTM- 
necKHM apxMBs. 

^To6bi noAKpenHTb 3Ty BSpCMKi <«}}aKTauii)». 10 
ASKaSpn 1952 r. b Mocxay m3 TaMiuerCKOro narepn bos- 
BpaTwnH Jl.B. BepnuHa, ocyJuaeHHoro pawee kbk eapevi- 
CKoro HauKOHariMCTa. 

14 ASKaGpn c/ieaoBaTenn K.A. Cokojiob vi M.<D. 
riaHTeneeB, o6BVitivts ero b cOKpuTvivi luhviohcko^ aett- 

xenbHOCTH, 3aflBHnn, 4T0 npMMeHflT Mepu CflHSHHeCKOrO 

eosA^^CTSMn, ec/^vi oh hb cosr^aeTCd a nepeAane nony- 
HeHHbix or BviHorpaaoaa caeAentivi ceoeuy njieunHHviKy 
Mcavie B anmnMCKoe noconbciBO. 

TeM He Menee Bepnun oTKasancn aoaaoAviTb na- 
npacfiviHy h3 ce6fi m BviHorpaaoBa. Ann 6onee ocHoea- 
TenbHoii «o6pa6oTKbi» ero nepeaenvi b J1e0opTOBCKyio 
TiopbMy, TAS OH npBAnpviHRfi HecKonbKO nonuTOK caMO- 
yBuHCTBa rioc/ie STOfo BepriMHa crann KpyrnocyroMHO 
coaep>KaTb B HapyHHviKax. B KOnije kohliob ero yaanocb 
cnoMaTb, OH «npii3Ha/icn» b corpyaHvi^ecTBe c Spviran- 
CKOvipaaBeAKOvi. Ha^viHaflCMOMeHTa«Bep60BKii»B 1936 
r. vt AO apecra b 1952 r. 

floMMMo BviHOrpaaOBa, Bepfivina, Korana vf PleBSHe- 
pa K arenrype aHrnviAcKovi pasaeAxii cneacravieM 6binii 



-KAFTA' MSS-JD IDH 



^ «AEJIO ePAHEls 



213 




ripocpeccop B B KosaH 



«npnnMcaHbi» flU. Ero- 
poB, B.X.BacHfieHKO.A.A. 
BycanoBMB.O 3eneHwn. 
HocneAMki*^, apecro- 
BaHHUH 25 nHBspn 1953 
r. . OKaaancn aa>Ke «aBO^- 
HbiM»areKTow, TaKKaKno- 
Kaaan, mo c 1925 r. m flo 
Hanana BropoCi MMpoeoii 
BOMMbi aepo^ ki npas/toii 
cnywtin repM3HCKoii pas- 
Be;iKe k) nony^an ujnMOH- 
CK^e sa^aHbiH ^epes ueB- 
pCMCKOro HaunoHanMCras 
npoct)eccopaM.C.BoBcn. 
Korfla CTonb a6cyp- 
AHoe oQaiAHSHvie b mriMOHaiKe b nojib3y rMT/iepoBCxo^ 
repMaHHM cneAOsaTenb npeAfansMn cauoMy Bdbcii, tot 
c ropeHbK) saMBTyin. «Bbi cAenanH MeHo areHTOM AByx 
paseeaoK. i^e npMriHcuBaMTe xoth 6bi repuaHCKyio - Moti 
OTeM M ceMbn Bpara 6i>inH saMy^GHbi (^am^cTawM b 
^BUHCKeH. Ha HTo noonsAoaan OTseT. «He cneKyiikipyA- 

Te KpDBbK) CBOHX 6nVI3KHX». 

HocKonbKy Bobch npvixoRVinctt flBOiopoaHbiM 6pa- 
TOM Mnxo3jica, cneflOBaTenn, OKpecrviBero enpeABOAn- 
TeneM cmohmctob, OKonaaujHxcn a coaeTCKoii mbahum- 
Heo, HHKpMMMHtipoBan^ euy cs^sb c auept^KaHCKofi pa3- 
bbakom ^epes poACTBeKHMKa. rparnNecKM nortiGmero s 
Havana 1946 r. 

Ha^hiHao c 21 HonSpn. KorAa cm/iu ocTaaMJiM npo- 
[fieccopa. OH CTar MeHHTan, MexaHimecKH noanHCHBaib 
cocTaaneHMbie cueAOBarennMbi FiporoKonbi, b kotopux 
6e3AOKa3aTe/)bHo nposoA^^ac^b ktAen o pyKOBOAniiteii m 
HanpaBJ^HiOLi4eH pon^ paaaeAbiBaTejibHO^ cjiy>KGbi CLUA 
H ueNu^yhapoAHbix c^ohiictckmx opraHMaamtii b ((lopuM- 
pOBaHKM Hsaioaopa KpeuneBCKHx apanefiH. 

Hmchho ot 3THX loaoKeancKHx xoaneBs oh. rnae- 
Hwii TepanesT MHHucTepcTsa BoopymeKHwx cur CCCP 
(6bin MM AO 1949 r.), Jie^MBiuMii tp.M, Ton6yxviHa, H.C. 
KoHeBa, Jl.A. roBOpoaa, A.M. BacH/ieBCuoro. r.V\. JleB- 
MeHKO, H.H. OeAopeHKO ti Apytix coBercKHX BoeHa^anb- 
HHKOB, nonyHktn oKofibi saAaH^e BWBecTM ms CTpon ko- 
uaHAHbiM cocTaBCoeeTCKOM ApMM^. no Bone cneAoaa- 
Teneiii b SnvtMaimii^e coo6lijhmkm k Boscti nonajiii npo- 
0eccopa B.B. KoraH h fl.C. Tcmkhh. 

ripoTOKonb) AoipocoB HanpaBJiiinMCb Ha «6nvi)K- 
hoiob Aany rnasHoro BAOXHOBHTenn aioro Taop4ecTBa 
B HHx OT HueHM BoBCbi u Kora^a yreepMAajiocb. hto b 
dione 1952 r. ohm, Syay^H HamaHHUMM va KpeuneBCKoil^ 
6onbHMubi.aoroBOpMnHct.HanpasMTbyckinHflHayMepui- 
BJieHHe CTanMHa. Bepvin m ManenKoea. 

B KaijecTBe HcnojiHMTenn 3Toro nnaHa MsSpajiii 
B^HorpaAOBa, npoAonwasujero pa6aTaTi> b Jle^caHynpe 
KpeMnn. OAHaxo 3T0My sawbioiy ne cyituieHo 6bj/io 
cGbiTbcn. TSK KaK «3aroBopLUMKaMi> He YAajiooi AOroBO- 
pHTbCn o AHTanflx nonepamms Torna ohh cTarm rOTO- 
BHTbCP K BOopy)KeHHOMy HanaAeH^K) na npaBMrenbCTBen- 
Hue aBTOMaujMHbi b pai^one ApCaTa. 

Ctbdhh HanpaBMn sth «npH3HaTeiibHMe noxasa- 
HHfl» MareHKOBy, H.C. XpyiijeBy m ApyruM >4neHaM Biopo 
npesHAMyMB LlKKncc, a 4 AexaSpn 1952 r. Bbinec hb 
paccMOTpenwe npeswAnyMa UK Bonpoc «0 nonoxeHHM 
b MTB m BpeflHTenijCTBe b ne^eCnoM Aene». 




A A. BycanOG 



BbicrynHBiu^M c aok- 
naAOM ror;iiiA3e aosno- 

)KMJ1 OCHOBHyiO BMKy 3a 

nKoOw MHoroneTHioio m 
6e3Maxa3aHHyio flewTenb- 
HOCTb «BpaHeM-Bpe/i»iTe- 
jieH» Ha anoTaKaBLUMXK 
MM AQaxyMOBa m GbiBme- 
ro HanaribHMKa TnaBKoro 
ynpaBJieHMHOxpaHuMTE 
CCCP H.C. BnacwKa.ape- 
CTosaKHoro Hepe3 ne- 
CKonbKOAHeii. 

B npMHHTOM nocTa- 
HoanBHMM «0 noiio)KeHMii 
B Mr5» pyKOBOACTBy op- 
ranoa rocSesonacHOCTii 

npeATTMCbiBanocb «noAH!iTb ypoaenb cneAc:TBeHHO^ pa- 
6oTbi, pacnyraTb flO Konua npecTynnenMs yvacTHMKOB 
TeppopMCTimecKOH rpynnw BpaHeii ne^canynpa, nawTM 

maBHblX BMHOBHHKOB V\ OprBHI^SaTOpOB npOBOAMBlUMXCfl 
HMt4 anOAeHHMMM. 

9nHB3pn 1953r. Ha3aceAaHMMBK}po DpesMAMyMa 
UK KTICC oecywiancB OTpeAaxnipOBaMHbiii CTanMHbiM 
npoeKT aApecoBaHHoro HapoAy cooSineHMSi TACC wApecr 
rpynnu Bpa^eM-BpeAMTeneMi) CoxpaHiinacb sanMCxa. 
OTnpaBjieHHan A.H. nocKpeewLuesbiM pyKOBoaMTe/iK) 
arMTfipona H.A. MvixaitnoBy. xoTopan CBMAerenbCTayeT 
TOM, mo BowAb HB TOJibKo onpeAfinMn coA^pwaHHe 
SyAyiuero ocJiMMMajibHoro aansneHMS no «Aeny apa'^eMn , 
HO M Aan yxaaaHMe, xax pasMecTKTb aro a raseTax. 

CooSiueHHe TACC m peABKUMOHHue nepeaoBMUbi 
rascTbi onyQ^MKOBariM 13 fiHBapn, m CTpa^a yanajia o 
HBpa^ax-TeppopMcraxK - «areHTax MHocTpannbix cnen- 
cny)K6. o6e33pe»(eHHbix opraHaMM rocSesonacHOCTMB. 

rioA TBKOH aKKOMnaneMeHT MrB aKTMBM3MpoBano 
flon^aTKBHO-CJieACTseMHwe MeponpHHTMHi> no «fleny 
BpaneMH B flnsape - na^^ane (bespant* no MocKse npo- 
KBTHnacb HOBa» Bonna apecroB, ysenimMBiuan 'hmoio 
MeA>*KOB, oGMiasLUMX b KaMepax HySnHKM. Hoa crpaxty 
B3Bnn B.*. 3eneHMHa. 3.M. re/ibiuTeMHa, fl.fl. Panonop- 
Ta, H.A. LUepeuieBCKoro, M.H. Eroposa, B.C. npeo5pa- 
xencKoro, C.E. HeanMHa m ApyrMx BpaMeii, ^MeBiuMx 
CTHomeHMe k xxpeMneacKOMu MeAMuHHe. 

Torfla *e pyxoBOACiao Mr5 ocJjMquanbwo oJiopMy- 
jiMposano rpynnoBoe «Aeno Bpa^cMn. SKmcJHB b o6iuee 
rpOMSfloaCTBO waTepManw cneACTawn no 37 apecToaaH- 
HbiM. Ha Hux 28 6b<fiM co6cTBeHHo Bpai^aMH, a ocTanb- 
Hbie - HfieHaMM vix ceMCM. 

PacLUHpDBLijancn AeHb oto aha nponaraHAMCTCKan 
McrepMFi BOKpyr KBpa'^eii-mnMOHOBo sbOBana ABOnxyio 

peaKUMIG B OQUjeCTBeHHOU COSHBHtlll - arpeCCMBHOCTb M 

xenaHMe pacnpasMibCfl c «y6tfMuawM b 6enbix xana- 
raxH. c oflHOki cToponw, m naHMHecKMii, «MBOTHbiii crpax 
nepcA HHMM - c ApyOK. 

Kax BcnoMUHa/i Jl M KaranoBMH. CTanwH nopyMMJi 
amrnpony noArOTOa^iTb ot i^mchm HaM6onee M38ecTHbix 
BCTpaHeAeflTeneMeapeMCKoronpOMCxowAeHMH npoexr 

flMChMa B peABKUMX) «npaBAbl» 

B 20-x Mwcnax RHaapn tbkom xexcT 6biJi totob. npH- 
^etA He TonfaKo a uaaiMHonitCHOM McnonHeHMM, ho h b 
HMflB raseTHOro OTTiicxa. B npoexTc npoBOAWJiacb hgj- 
Kan AM(txt}epeHUMaLiMfl MeiiiAy «eBpeMCKMMM 6yp)Kya3- 



nuwUrtasro 



214 



^ SHAH eEAbI 



HWMtiHaunoHariMCTaMkiH tin'^ecTHbiMki eapeMCKHMti Tpy- 

>KeHl4KaMk1» . 

HepBbie - «>K3nKan Ky^Ka» «OTLueneHueB h sbipoa- 
KOB». anpoflaBLUnxcBOiOflyiijy n TenoiiMnepMarwcTaM», 
- 06iinBJiFiJikiCb BparaMM. KOToptut WAer cypoBan Kapa. 
A BTopbie - 3T0 nonaB^nioiiiee 6o;ibLiJMHCTBO eepe^CKo- 
rg Hace/ieHMs, cocrofliyee H3 «naTpnoTOB CoaeTCKO^ 

POflHHblB. CTpOSllUHX «BMeCTe CO BCSMM TpyflfliyHMMCfi 

CoeeTCKoro Cotosan «c6o6oflHyto, pafioCTKyKi )KM3Hb», 
npeASHHbix Aeny KOMMyHnawa. 

OhH, COGCTBeHHO, M npM3blBanMCb «aicn4BHo 60- 
poTbcnnpOTH8eepeMCKhix6yp>Ky33HbJXHauKioHanviCTOB, 
3TMX oTb^iBiieHHbix BparDB espefiCKbix Tpy»eHHKOBx. 

rioAQepNtaTb o6paiueHMe a uHpaBAyn aojiwhu GunM 
59 y^eHbix. apTHCTOB, nuTeparopoB. <tOMCTpyKTOpOB, 
BpaneM, BoeHHbix, ynpsBneHueB, a Tsiwe pa6oMtix ti 
KonxosHHKoe eapeiiCKOro npOHCXOJKaeHUfi. 

OAHaKO B xoae c6opa mx noAm^ceii npoM30iue;i 
c6oi*' KaraHOBMH penjurenbHo BbicrynM/i npoTn6 toro. 
HToSbi ero HMR 0Mryp^poBano B oGujeM pnay. aanBHB 
CranMHy, 4to om we eapeiiCKiii^ o5inecTaeHHbiiii fleflrenb, 
a M/isH Bbiciuero pyKOBOflcraa napTKn k* rocyflapcTsa 
KonnHSMK) ary paspeiuiinM SwcTpo, npeAocraBna Kara- 
HOBMijy KonwH) nmcbMa, xoxopyio tot m noanncan ksk 
nepcoHa/ibHoe oSpaujeHiie b «npaBAy». 

29 RHBapfl Ui^xaMnoB 14 rnaeHbif^ pe;iaKTop nflpaB- 
aw» il T LUenwnoB Hanpaavinn noflroTOBnewHWH tbkct 
ManeHKoey, a tot, b cboo OMepeab, npeacTaeiin em 
CTanHHy. Flo lowy, hto 2 (tjeBpann Ha conpoBOAWTejib- 
HOvi sanHCue k nucbwy nonawnacb oTMexKa 06 OTnpaBue 
eroaapxHB, HanpanjUBaeicn Bhmcw, i*TflTeKCTCTanMHy 
He noHpaBMncfl. 

CocTaBneHMB cneaymiuero sapnawTa nHChMa 6bino 
nopyueHoLUenMJiGBy.CJihiBiueMycpeaii HHTen/inreHLiHH 
nnSepanOM. BwnonHeHMH sanaHHB tot QVAvnanm 20 
4)eBpann, KOr^a nepeASi^ MMxai^oay kicnpaBneHHbiti 
tckct npoeicra riMCbMa a peaaKUHio raseTu «npaBAa». 

3to 5bina ywe hb ByjibrapHan arvTKa, a seMmiiBoe 
nptimameHMe "Bwecre . nopaswbicji^Tb naa HCKOTOpbi- 




Ka(peCpd mepanuu u Kypopmonosuu LiUV. B ubCuuuhckom 
xBfiame e ueumpe npo0- B E.HssnuH. KucnoeodCK. 1958 a. 



MM eonpocaMM, saTparHBaKnii^Mii >Kt*3HeHHbie MHrepe- 
cbi eBpesB». 

npeo6pa3Mncn vi nsbiK nocnaHMn: vicMeanM «mnM- 
OKCKi^e 6aHAbiH. nespeMCKMe Haui^OHarmcTbiH, <taHr/io< 
aMepviKaHCKneMMrepManncTw»(eMecTOHMx0iirypnpo- 
BariH «aMepMKaHCKHe k aHrjiMvicKMe uMn/inapAepbi m 
MkinnviOHepbia, coapBasLUHecn eapei^cKMe uMnepManM- 
CTbi»): KeBpeiiCKMe TpyMceHMKH» gonbuje ne nptiibiBa- 

flMCb K rOBWllieH^IIO 6flMT6nbHOCTO, 

VMMpoTBopoioLuan HanpaaneHkOCTb nMCbwa ottb- 
Hfljiacb npHasaHHOki BnyiuHTb ohtvimiism kohuobkoS - 
na>te/iaHHeM KanaTb lAiaamte b Cobbtckom Coioserase- 
Tbi. npe/tHa3Ha>jeHHoA A^n lUMpoKtix cnoea eBpeiicHoro 
HaceneHHFi b CTpane m aa pySewoM. 

06pauteHHe eBpeHCKovi oQuiecTBeHHocTif b nenaTvi 
Tax H He noflBMnocb. Tbm He ueHse c nonoc tillpaBAbin 
HCMesna KpviniKa HespeiiCKHx 6yp)Kya3Hbix HaunoHann- 

CTOBB M HX «3atpaHl14HblX XOSHeBB. 

riocjie CMepTM CTanHHa npouecc naA Bpa^^aMM 
{aaxe saxpuTbiki) 6bin yxe HeBosMoweH. ClHHLiHaTHBy 
B3nn MB ceG$i EepHn, xoTopu^, craa nepauM saMecT^Te- 
neM npeAceaaTenn CoBexa Mmhuctpob CCCP h mmhh- 
CTpow BHyTpeHHHXAen.y>Ke 13MapTanpiiKa3ancnemi- 
aribHD co3AanHoA c/ieACTseHHOM rpynne nepeoMOrpeTb 
Hfleno Bpa^eiSs. 

ApecToaaHHbiM npeA^OKM/iii HsnowtiTb Ha Syuare 
npeTeH3iiM k cneACTSHio. Hm AariM noMWTb. hto hoboc 

PyXOBOACTBO CTpBHbl HC COMHeBaeTCH B HX HeSHHOBHO- 

CTM. M OHi^ ^loniKHbi noMO'^b eMy BoccTaHostiTb coijiianti- 
CTMNecKyto aaKOMHocTb. 

Bee yaHHXM.ccbiJiancb na np^ueHenifeK hmm (fivisvi- 
MecKoro M ncMxonormeCKOro HacM/iitn, OTKasanviCb ot 
npe^KHMx noKaaan^^, b KOTOpux oSaviH^nv ce6n h CBOttx 
Konner b tskkhx npecTynneKHdx. 

HonyMbiB AOKaaaTenbCTBa 0a/ibciict]i4Kau»iM lAsna 
Bpa>4eM» 14 ero nonHoS KJpuflU'-iecKOii HecocTOOTentHO- 
CTM, BepuB 31 wapTa yTsepfliin nocxaHOBneHMe npe* 
KpatueHMM yrojiOBHoro npecneAOBaHHn Bcex npoxoA^ia- 
mux no Heuy noAcneACTaeHHbix. 

Ha cneayiowMi* nenb oh cexpeTHOfl aanncKoS ripo- 

MH^lOpWMpOBan 06 3T0M MaJieHKOBa. B03nOM(^B OTBer- 

CTBeHHOCTb sa i^HcnMpMpoaaHMe m (JjanbCuc^MKauuHD 
«Aena» hb PiouMna, a Taioxe o6bwhmb SbiBiuero mmhm- 
cTpa roc5e3onacHOcrM HrHaTbeaa e tom, hto tot awe 
o6ecneHiin AonxcHoro KOHTponn 3a cneaciBneM. luen Ha 
noeany y PioMiiHa...». OflHoepeMeHHo &epnB «CHen 
Heo5xoaMMb)M» «Bcex .. apecTOBaHHbix BpaMeii m nne- 
MOB HX ceweiS nonHocTbo pea6nnHTtipoBaTb n Mewea- 

JieHHO H3-nOA CTpaXtH OCB060flHTb». 

3 anpena 3T0 npeAnomeHwe 6bmo yrBepMAeno 
npeawAHywoM UK KHCC. Mm xe 6biJio hphhhto peme- 

HHe O npHBDeneHHH K xyrOJIOBHOii OTBeTCTBCHHOCTH 

pa6oT«nKDB6biBdjeioMr5CCCP, 0C060 nsompsBujHx- 
cn s0a6pviKauHH... npoBOKaijHOHHoroAana viBrpySeii- 
ujMx ki3epaLueHHRx coaeicKHx saKOHoan. 

BenepoM 3 anpenn 1953 toab HaxoAviBiuHecn e 
saxntOHeHMti «KpeMJieBCHMe BpaHki» &btnvi SbinymeHbi na 
CBo5oAy. CoBfiTCKMe rpajKAane y3Hanii 06 3tom M3ony5- 
/ii4KOB3KHoro 4 anpejin HCoD6iABHkiH M^HncTepcTea 
BHyrpeHHMX Aer^ CCCPb. 

PoQGUff. XX eea. 

/JoKyMEHmbi^od ped.A.B.BeaOopodoea. - 
M.: Bbiciuafl tuKona. 2004. 



■KAPTA' » 3M0 30M 



^ kAEJID BPAHEiu 



2fl5 



ribicbMO H.A. LUepemeBCKoro Jl.n. Bepim 



25 MapTa 1953 r. 

ji.n. BEPHf] 

B cjieBCTBeHKyc vacTfc MBil 

OT sicnymeHHOTo neHTSjm HayKM 

npo$. H.A. mEPEmEBCKOrO, 

1885 r. poKjieHMa 

2 $eBpajm 1953 roaa h OtiUi apecToaaH, m 
MKe Bhino npein>!iB;ieHO cOBMHSHHe b toii, >jto 
H eapeCicKMH HauMOHanncT, spar CobctckoK 
BJiacTti, ciuepiiKaHCKMf^ uinnoH ki yOt^fiua. 

nojiHOCibO oTBsprafl ece sth oOaMHeHna, 
H Bce ire noJiseH nHCTocepaeijHo npnanaTb, vto 
3a nocjieflHue 1-1,5 fobs une npHxoflnjroCb 
cjiwaiaTfa OT HecKonbKMX jimu o Oyflxo 0! 
HecnpaBejuiMBOu OTuomeitMt k espenu, chhtkm 

MX C paOOTU, HeB03M0»K0CTM yCTpOHTBCtt MM HB 

paOoTy M T.J]. 

CjiyXH 3TH OblJlK MaCTOMIMBbl, M s cTapa.^cn 

HaSTM otJiJicHeHiie 3tmm cJiyxaw. Nhg Kasa- 
jiocfa, yTO y npaBMTejibCTBa Oujih ocHoaaHns 

HeflOBep>J11BO, OtJTt uo»:eT, OTHOCMTbCa K 

HeKOTOptM eapeflM, bosmoitho, [b cbhsm] c hx 
]|renaKneM nepeexaTh b rocyflapcTso MspajiJit. 
[eciiM Tawosoe Owiio BHpa*GHo) , ho ocHOBasoift 
OTHOCMTbCfl Henosep^HBO KO Bcen espeflw hst. 

B CBH3M C 3TMM S r.OSBOJlH/l CSOS B OeceflaX C 

OTflejjbHbiMn TOBapHmawH BbipaanTb csoe oTpn- 
uSTejitHoe OTHomeHne k raKm* MeponpHaTusM m 
HeaonycTiiuc OecTaKTHo rosopnTb o hmx. 

Iloji»:eH cKaaaTb, ^to ko tme jimuho ace 
3TH weponpimTHH He OTHOCHJincb, w hm a obhom 
cjiyyae a we HMen bosmoikwoctii npoaepMTb 
npaBKJibHOCTb cnyxoB o waccoeOM yaojibHSHiiM 
eepeeB . HnKoraa n He ouji chomuctom i 
HauHOHajTKCTOM M, no-BMUMMOMy, npocTO noji- 
iiancfl no;i BJiMHHHe nonuiux oOuBaTenbCKnx 
pasroBopoE . TjiyttOKO pacKansaiDCL b stcju, 
cyMTac, >JT0 H ceOd ofroaopvi;! stum. Mhs 
THxejio noBTopsTb acect mom He;ionycTMMbie 
cjioBa, M npomy Bac npocTMTb mhc Mofi Tfistenwii 
npocTynoK, He nponHXTOBaHHtdi KaKoS-jinOo 
Henpwa3Hb» K HameMy npasnTejibCTay. 

^ yjacTHMK rpawaaHCKoft boKhu, paOoTaji 
35 JieT npejiaHHO CoaeTcxoft BJiacTM, na Moeft 
cooeCTM HeT HH onioro npocTynKa, KOTOpuii 
wor Obi ObiTb MCTo.iKOsaH xax Bpa«neOHuii no 
OTHomeHUB K ponMHe. Moft cTaw paCOTU 42 
rojia, q noj:poTOBMJi OTiwiHwe Kanpbi Bpaiiefi- 
cneuHanucTOB 3HJtOKpMHOJioroB, oxojio 40 moux 
COTpyjiKHKOB M npMKDMaHCMpoaaMHtJx BpaieCi 
nojiyyujiM y mgha b MHCTMTyTe (20 jist a Obui 
jmpexTopoM HHCTMTyTa sHiioKpMHOJiorMM ) y^e- 
Hyc CTetiGHb Raniin«aTa wayK m 20 <*eflOBeR - 
flOKTOpa Hayx, s aBjinrccb aBTOpOM okojio 100 
HaynHMx pa3oT, BunycTHJi 3 yyeOHMKa w 3 
uoHOT-pa^Mn, a moh coTpyaHKKM no HHCTHTyry 
OKOJIO HecKOJibKMX COT paOoT, COBeTCKan 
BJiacTb jiajia mhs weorpaHH'jeHHfaie bobmokhoctm 
njia pocTa h paOoTu. Bcbmm cbokmm jiocTMxe- 
HHBUH a oOasaH TO/ibKO CoBSTCKoi^ BJiacTM m 
Oyay npenan efi no rpoOa . 

C HeroflOBaHMew j30Ji«eH nojiHOCTbc oTBep- 
PHyTb oCBMHenv^e b mnHOHaxe b nojibsy KOro Ou 
TO HM Ohmo . Bce mom BaaMMOOTHomeHMfl c 
3apy6e^HUMK yyenuMM xacajincfa onyOJinKoaa- 



HMH MOMx paOoT c BBflOMa M corjiacMfl MMHMCTep- 
CTGa SApaBOOxpaneHim n BOKCa, a oTaeJit.Hue 
BCTpewH c sapyCexHbiMM v^ieHUMM, noceisaBuiMUM 
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MiipcKai: TiopbMa. jiarepti MopaoBHH crajiK ero cyzib6o(4 
nocjie HopujibCKa. TojibKO b 1 964 roay ero ocBo6oaHJiH 
H3 flySpoBJiara, nepeHCCuiHfi tbk MHoro, oh coxpaHHJi 

JKHBOfl. nOHTH MOJIOJOH B3r,l»a H JVUiy. He TpOH>'TJIO 

uio6oi4. VB-ieKuiHCb yvenneM FaHaH. oh peuiHii jlir 
ce6]i, ITO npoiueHMe najiaiaM - eiiHHCTBeHHbifi nyrb k 
npeoao.ieHHK) npoiciJiTHH npouuioro. 

Pa6oTa KOHifiepeHUHH hc csejiacb k ojhhm jiHUib 
peqaM m noKjianaM. BbiBiuiie nojiHT33KH Bwpa6oTajiM » 
noariHcajiii pnii AOKyMenroB, oahhm h3 Koiopux CTa.10 
o6pameHHe k noaoMy noKOJieHMio wiirejien HopKibCKa. 
Beiib Majio KTO noMHUT renepb, hto no 1953 roaa Ho- 
pHjibCK BooSuie He hmcji craTyca ropona h noJTHOCTfcio 
Haxoaiiiioi B BeKHKH MBZl- Cawo roflB-ieHiie CBo6ofl- 
Horo HopiijibCKa - 3to toikc 3acnyra BoccraBiuHX. 

BcTpCHa rtpoiiLia b KaKofl-TO lenjioft, hohtm ao- 
MauineH aTMoc(})epe. y3HHKH He TO.ibKO :ie.iVLiHCbCBOH- 
MHBOcnoMHHaHiiflU)], HeTOJTbKO oucHKBanH II o6cy)K;ia- 

JIH MHH>BlUHe C06blTHH. HO 11 nblTajlHCb HaMeTHTb n.iaHbf 

coBMCCTHoft iicaTejibHOCTM Ha Syziyuiee, raKHC, kbk ii3- 
aaHHecepHH KHHr BocnoMHHaHHtt ii HCCJieaOBaHnli. npo- 
BeaeHHe BUCTasoK. Bcrpei. co3jiaHHe apxMsOB h Kapio- 
XeKK. BbUI JTBepjKfleH oSuieCTBCHHblW KOopaiiHauiiOH- 
HbiB COBCT yiacTHHKOB HoptuibCKOro BOCGiaHHK. 06- 
c> atiiajiacb BO3M0-«H0CTb cosaaHHS MeroiiHiecKoro no- 

C06HH OjIS 03H3KOM.ieHHB CTyjCHTOB H UIKOJIbHHKOB C 

ncTopneft conpOTHB.ieHHJi B rVJIAre. 



-KAPTA' M3M0 1004 



^ flnil4TA KAPTblit 



219 



uOnHcaHHC ywacoB h KouiMapoB, KOTopuMn k 6e3 

Toro nojTHa HCTopim HejioBeiecTBa. He ao.T*-HO 6biTb 
ue^ibfo HCTopuKa rVJIAra. LnaBHoe - noKaaaib. KaK 
Mo«eT npeoaojicTb HCJioBeK HeieJioeeiecKHe o6cto«- 

Te;ibc7Ba,KaKMO«eTTOpjKecTBOBaTbjiyxHeji08eiecKHfi. 
nofleav.iammHft neciejioBeHHOCTi.». - CKaiaji oanH in 

CaMMMOHUXJ^acrKllKOBHopiLlbCKOrOBOCCTaHHR. HbIHe 

npeiicejiaTejib HoBOCH6npCKoro «MeviopHajia» JleoHiiii 
Tpyc. 

«CeroaH» wac. yiacTHHKOB roro BocctaHHs. ocra- 
jioci. OHCHb Majio. nepejKHBUJHe ryjlAT- tiutkh, hcth- 
3aHHH. paccTpe.ibi b lOHax, - mu hc 3a6i.i,iH re roju, 
CMepTbHaujHXHeBHHHbixiOBapiimeH, HeBHauiH>cHjiax 
H3MeHHTb CTpauiHoe rpoiiLicie crpaHU. Ho b HauiHX 
CHJiax aoHCCTH npasay o jhjix crpaaaHHi) h repOH3Ma. . . 



MeiLneHHoe ocBo^owaeHHe or KpaRHOcrefl TOTajiHra- 
pn3MaHe6t.LiojiapoMBejiHKo3vijiHwxnpaBHTejieft.Hauia 
laoacTOBKa, apyriie .larepHbie BucTyruieHHH nojopBa;iH 
ocHosy KOMMVHHCTHHecKoro pewHMa - rurafrrgKyio 
HunepHK) ryJIAra...u -TaKroBopHTCH b "OepauieHHH 
K cooToecTBeHHHKaMrt - HToroBOM JiOKyMCHTe. noariH- 

C3HH0M yHaCTHlfKaiHK BCTpe^H. 

«Hame oSmecTBo jcta-ho ocMbicjTHTb HCTopHiec- 
KHflypoKceMHjecjirn;ieTHflTOTa.THTapn3Ma. OHoaoiiJK- 
HO cflejiaTb BWBoa, MOweT 6biTb, OMeHb SojieiHeHHutf 
ai>iHaunoHa;ibHorocaMo;iK>6nH, HoeanHCTBCHHouejiH- 
TCJibHbifi: "rivTb K BoipoHcaeHHK) jie*HT Hepe3 nocafl- 
HHc" - 310T BbiBOfl BbuatoiuerocA pyccKoro (})M.ioco(l)a 
HHKOJiaH EepuseBa aonyneH crarb Jrymuefl npOBepKoH 
MU Bcex, npinbisatomiix k sejiHHHio Pocchkh. 



MHHa OEflVLUAK 

MCnOAHEHME CMEPTHblX HPHrOBOPOB BO AbBOBE 



Bo Bce BpeMCHa jiiojiii. KOTopbie Buno-iKiLiiii naKa- 

3aHHS, 6bUH laKpblTblMH OT oSlUeCTBa. riOC.ie OTMCHU 

cwepTHoro npHroBopa b YKpaHHc TaHHCTBCHHocTb npo- 
ueiiypbi He vMeKbiiiiinacb. AeropaM, oiiHaxo. y^ajiocb 
noroBOpHTb CO 3HaHin'ejit>Hbiu KOJTjnecTBOM jihil npH- 
lacTHWX K 3iofl npo6neMe. Bot ^to ohh BMscHmm. 

Bo JIbBOBecMepTHbie npHroBOpu Bbrno.iH$Liiicb b 
n0MeiiieHHHCH3O(T!opbM3EpHri(jiKH). BoiiBope6bijia 
ao BOltKU HacoeeKKH. Tenepbee ywc hct. fEcmb neo^iv- 
ifucLibHbie C6udeme.ibcmea. no Komopbi.u e neu e 39-41 
^o^y HKBM npoeodm paccmpe.m, v man xe nacmb 
jicepme juKonaiu. - H.<t>.}. 

flociyn K BunojiHeHKEO CMepntbix npHroBopoa 
hmcjI orpaKHieHHMCi Kpyr jihu. nocTeneHHo6bi;iH eitiop- 
MHpoBaHbi cneuHajibNbie komhcchh, b KOTopbte bxojhjth 
no oflHOMy npeacTaBHTe/ifo o5jiacTHofl npoKypaiypw h 
MiuiHUiiH. HaHajTbHHKCH30. ero iaMecTiTrejib no pewH- 
My, Ha^ajibHKK cMeHu (ok ^e AOicypHbiH homouinhk 
Haiajii>HHKa CH30), Tpoc KOHTpojiCpoa MiiBa soiiHTCJiN. 
OeoCoro KpHiepHs oT^opa HJieHOB KOMaHnu He obuo, 
rjtaBHoe, mtoow ot.ihvhumh Sujih no(yiy*HOfl chhcok h 
xapaiCTepHCTiiKa h, KonetHO, »ito5u hmcjiii CTOllKyio 
ncHXHKy H xopotUHC $M3HHecKHe ziaHHue. KaiKZibtfi aa- 
aan noflnHCK> o HepairjiaiiieHHw rocyaapcTBCHHoO rafi- 

Hbl. 

«CMeprHMKOfl»coiiep*anH HanocTyJ^al, kbikjo- 
ro B OTiiejibHoH Kavtcpe. To.ibKO ccth ocy^iKaeHKUx k 
CMepTHOMynpHroBopy6biJi«nepe6op». HXMorjiHcojiep- 
MCBTb Qo jiBoe, XOTS HO HHCTpyKUHH 3T0 sanpctuajiocb, 

CaM nocT He6o.TbiiJOft - 8-10 Kamep. Cbo3hjiii 
CKijia H30 BceR 3anaaHo(i VKpaMHw. ^ociyn hmbji JiMUib 
orpaHHHeHHWfl k'pyr .thu. Tot we npoKypop no Haasopy 
He Mor noHBjisTbCB 3jiecb. ^a^Ke ayuieByio «cMepTHHKH» 
HMe,in OTiiejibHyK) - npsMO Ha nocry. CHaiajia hm sanpe- 



tiia,iocb n BbixoaHTb Ha nporyjiKy, no 6.in*e k 80-m - 
pa3peuiH;iH. Ca%a.iH h> b 3th Kauepu cpaay nocjie 
oS'bHB^'ieHVi)) Bcyae npHroBopa. Hm aaBajiti Bpeun. iTodu 
o6>Ka.ioBaTbnpnroBopBBepxoBHOMC>acyCCPHCCCP, 
nOTOM iiHcanH npocb6bi o noMHjioBaHHH b BepxOBUbifl 
CoBer pecnvfjiHKH h Coioia. floKa Mcajioobr h npocbSu 
oSxojiKnH Bce iinCTaHuxH (a ito Mor.no uiHTbCS okojio 
rojia), HCMepTHHKaMH paspeiuanH BcrpeTHTbca a c;iefl- 
CTBCNHbix KaSHHCTax c aasoKaTOM. C cewbefi nocjie 
npnroBopa cBsib o5pbiBanacb. Koraa nocrynaji 0TKa3 o 
noMH.iOBaHKif H3 noc.iciiHeR BbimecTOJiiuen HHCTaHiuiH. 
HaiHaiajiH acHt cwepTHofi Ka3HK. MeiKay codokj iJieHbi 
KOUHCCHH H33biBajiH ero aCHb «H». 

CMepTHyto KasMb Bbino,iH)iJiH anew, ho aHUJbTOr- 
aa, Koraa paSorana mmchko cneuHajibHo oTo6paHHaa 
CMCHa, 3aKJiHmeHHOMy o5 3tom hc coo6iiiajiM. OawH h3 
KOHTpo;iepoB-Hcno;iHHTe;ieHBbiBoaiin ero h3 KaMepu. V 
3aK.iKmeHHbix peaKo B03HHKa;iH KaKwe-To noao3peHHfl 

OTHOCHTeabH0Haca«'!l>,T. K. apeMHOTBpeMCHHHXKjaa- 

TO BbiibiBanH. 3a cnHHoti me.iKajiM HapyiiKUKH. 

EcjiH cMOTpeTb HaCH30 c ya. fopoaouKOfi, noci 
Hi 1 pacnojioxen cnpaaa Ha nepBOM srajKC. Ocj-waeHHO- 
ro BCJiH KOpHaopoM b apjryio CTopoHy aoMa nepes cne- 
uHaabHVKi aBepb b crcHe (hwhc efi 3aM>poBa,iH). KaK 
npaBK.io.ee 3aKpuBa;iH na oSbiHHut) lauoK. Ho OTKpuTb 
eS ouno HeBOiMo^Ho. nocKoabKy H3HyTpH sHcea aM6ap- 
Hbitl 3aMOK. HCKHMarTH erojiiiuib3aHccKoabKOHacoeao 
cMepTHot) Ka3KH. 3a asepbio - annnHbifi Kopnaop. ripn- 
aywajiH ero ann 7oro, txoSbi ocywacHHoro k CMcprHoK 
Ka3HH He BecTH Ha raaiax y Bcex. 

KoHTpojiep npCHMvuiec-meHHo Bca c saKnioicHHUM 
paarOBopu, uiyrHn, 'iTo6bi oraaeHbero h pasBCHTb noao- 
3peHHfl. rio aopore ohh MHHOBaan eme HecKoabKO aBe- 
peft HaoxoawiM joaecTHHuw. KOTopan eeaa na aepxHwe 



■nvw hirti org 



216 



^ QO>tIA «KAPIhl» 



iTfljKH. A THM noj peuieTKofl II JiecTHHueH 6biJi He6ojib- 
luofl Bxoa B nojBaji. 3aK.iioieHHoro cbohkhh bhh3, rne 
ero oiKHjiajiH i^neHbi komhcchh. 

noaBa.1 6wJ! HeSojibiiiofi, n3Tpex KOMHar, B nep- 
Bofl CToa/icTOJi, 2-3 CTyjia.HjicHbi KOMHCCHH no ycTSHOB- 
.leHHoH npoueaype cnpau]HBa;iH y ocywaCHHoro ero 
iiaHHbie. a noTOM coo6maiin. hto ero npocbSa o noMHJio- 
BaKKH oTKJioHeKa H cefiiac 6yaeT BbinoJiHCH npnroBOp. 
He ycneaaji ocy*iieHHbifl npHfiTH b ce6(i, kbk ero nan- 
xBaTbisaJiK iBoe KOKiponepoB h bcjib b cocbjihioio kom- 
Haiy, rje ja aaeptKi ero waan HcnojiHHTCJib. H noKa 
laiciiOHeHHuR HanpaBJiHJicji k cepeaHHe KOMHaTbi - paa- 
aasancs BwcTpeji. Bo Bcex HHTepBbio. KOTOpue nojiBJiH- 
jiHCb. Bceriia yKasusajiH, ito HcnojiHHTe.ib CTpejisji H3 
Ta6ejibKoroopy)KHji. HacaM0Mi!eJTeBJlbB0BCKOMCH3O 
5biCTpo 0TKa3a.iHCb aa*e ot nHCTOJiera MaKapoea wa-aa 
cunbHoro pHKouicTa. CipejifiJiH H3 MajiOKajiHfiepHofi 

BHHTOBKH. PejKO. KOFiia MCnOJlHHTeJIlO OpHXOilHJIOCb 

cTpe.nRTb ziBa>Kiibi. Vxce nepBuR Bucipeji b larbuiOK 6i>i;i 
cMepTejibKbiM. MjieHt.[ komhcchh KOHCTaTHposajiM CMeprt 
(lacTO 3T0 jiejiaji span) h noiinncuBa.iH axr o BwnojiHe- 

KHH CMCpTHOrO ITpHrOBOpa. 3a "BpeiIHOCTb» BbinO^IHCH- 

Hofi paSoTbi, KaK CKaaaji ojihh H3 iJieHOB komhcchh, 
BbijiaBaTiH KawjioMy no HeCKonbKO pySaeft, ho ecriH Ha 
HHx nok7na.iH 6>TbijiKy. to Ha aaKycicy y*e He XBaTa.io. 
XoTH sapruraTU h npeuHH SbiJiii npHJiiiHHbiMM. ^a » 
KBapTHpbi :iaeaM\ BHe oiepean. 

no-pa3HOMypearHpoBaiiM hb oCbiiBJieHHe npHro- 
Bopa ocyjKjieHHbie: oaHH anaiiajiH a npocTpauHio, apy- 
rue-BHCTepHKy. AObiJiHHTaKHe.HTOHaHMHanMxaMHTb. 

HHorja oaHOBpeueHHO buhojihiijih weCKOJibKO 
CMepTHwx npviroBOpOB, h Torjia Hcnoiib30Ba;iH rpeibio 
KOMHaTy. rioxa KOKTpojiep HanpaB-injics la onepeflHUM 
«gNepTKHKOM»,Tpyn oiracKHBa-iH rjaa, a KpoBb cwbraa- 
JiH BoaoPt m uuiaHra. BuBa^no, CMena MeHnercn, a nojio- 
BHHa KaMep nycraH. JlHiiib cnpauiHBaKn: ace? «Bcew, - 

OTBCHaiOT KOHTpO.iepbl H paCXOJflTCfl. Ho TOM, 1T0 OHH 

hb;isk>tcb HcnojiHHTejiJiMH, we anajiH ;ta>Ke KO.xierH b 
CH30. TaK JKC He manw ohh, rae BunoJiHiuiHCb npHro- 

BOpbi. nOHSTHCITOHJieHU KOMHCCHH CKpUBanH3T0 HOT 

CBOHxccMett. Hac4CTy HCKOTopwx HcnojTHHTejreflcoTHH 
TpynoB. BoTnejibHyeroiibipaccTpejiHBanM JO lOO.iHiiH 
CoJibiue. Bee 3asHceao or Toro. cxojibKO CMepTHWx npH- 
roBopOB BbiHecvT cyiibi. PoncTBeHHHKaM paccTpejiiiH- 
HUK He coo6u]ajiH. JlHiub eciH okh o6pauia;iHCi. b cya, 
HM jaaa-iH otbct. 

XopDHH.iH Tpynu Ha TaK HaauBaeMOM cneuo6i- 
eioe. PacnojiowcH oh b oanoM mj noce;iKOB 6jim3 JlbBoaa 
(He HaausaeM TOJTbKO noTOMy, <ito BJiacTb npoaajia 3iy 
iCMJTK) noaiacTpoflKy). Tpynbi BbiBOSHjTH MaiiiHHon. Hx 
He oSMbiaajiH. a TOjibKO laKyruBajiH ro.iOBu oaexaofi. 
'}To6bi He 3a6pbi3raTb KpoBbio canoH, Cneuod'beKT 6biJi 
noa oxpanoft, h xaM nocrojiHHo hcc cjTy*6y ^ctobck. Oh 
sapanee BUKanuBan MorKny. Konaji ee noj Kpuuiefi 
cneuHa;ibHO coopyweHHoro capas. MauiHHa Bieswana 
npflMO lyaa. h hmkto ne BHaejr, hto BwrpywajiH A 
xopoHHJiH 6e3 rpo6oB. Ecjih mtomajib BHyipn (oanojiHH- 
jiH» uorHnaMH. TO capafl paGSnpanH h bo3BOAhjih pfiiiOM 



apyroD. H rax nepeaBHrajin no cneuoSbeioy. MophjIu 
cpaBHHBa;iKC3eM,iefi. HeocraB.nHfi hh e.iHHwx BHaHMwx 

npH3HaK0B. O MeCTe SaXOpOHCHHS poaCTBCHHIlKaM He 

coo6[iiajiK. 

B KOHue 80-x acMOKpaTW bo rjiaae c B. HopnoBo- 
jiOM 3aHHTcpecOBajTHCbcneiio6beKTaMH na TeppHTopwH 
o6jiacTH. Cpaay nocjie 3Toro h3 Kneaa nocTynHJia ko- 
MSHja npeKpaTHTb BunojineHHc cuepTHbix KasHeft. C 
Toro BpeMeHH paccTpe.noB b JibBOBCKOM CH30 He npo- 
BOaHJiH. Bxoa a noiaaji saMyposaaH. B jpyrwx CH30. b 
HacTHoCTH. KweBCKOM. XapbKOBCKOM, ^iHcnponeTpoBc- 
KOM, CMepTHue npHroBopw sbinojiHUJiH ao cepeaiiHw 
90-x roiioB, noKa tipaB03amnTHHK. napoaHbift aenjTax 
y KpaHHbi Cepreii rojiosartiiil ne nocraBiui 3tot Bonpoc 
B CTpac6ypre. 

EojibiiiHHCTBO H3 KaiKCHHux B nocicaHHe roiibi - 
ySHfluy, Ha cieiy Koiopbix 1-2 Tpyna. flpaBaa, b 50-60 
roaax cpeiiK ocywiieHHUx k BucmeFI Mepe 6wnw ii JiKiaH, 
KOTopux no ceroaHflUiKHM MCpKaM Ha3biBa.iH 6bi npea- 
npHHMMaTejiDMH. KanpHuep. no «TpHKOTawH0My aeny» 
9 H3 19 ocy!«aeHbi 6biJiH k BM. 

no-pa3HOMy Be.iH ceoti oc>Tf(aeHHbie k cwepTHOfi 
Ka3HH. OaHH pacKaHBajiHCb. HHOraa npocH,iH 6h6jihk), 
apyme uierojisan cbohmh npecTyn.ieHH«MH. n3peaKa 
npo€oBa;iH opraHH30BaTb 6ercTB0. 

HcnOjiHHTejiefl, KaK BuacHHJiocb, cneunaj^bHo ne 
roTOBHnif. npCMMyiuecTBeHHO Ha >tj- paooTy 5pa;iH.THu, 
KOTopue ywe npoiu.iH cjiywCy b opranax BHyrpeHHHx 
aej] HJiH BOHHCKyio Cjiy»c6y h yMCJiH ne npOMaxnyTbCJi c 
HecKOiibKHx uiaroa. HoBoro KanaHaaia bcjih Ha pac- 
CTpea H npocTO roBopHJiH; cmotph m ywHCb. A cnj-CT« 

KeKOTOpOe BpeMH KHBaJlK Ha BMHTOBKy H CTaBHJIlI 3a 

aeepbK). 

OiuH6o4Hoe MHCHHe, hto 6o;ibiuHHCTBo h3 hhx 
cnKUHCb. K pioMKc npHKJiaauBajiHCb tc, kto hmct k 

3T0My CKjIOHHOCTb. HeMaHO H3 HHX JOXHBaaH S.O 60-70 

aeT H JKHBjT HbiHC.Mu cnpauiMBanH necxoabKHX h3 hhx, 
He sB-iHiOTCJi .in HM BO CHe KaineHHwe? OTBe4a.iH. hto 
HCT. Chht cnoKoflHo, TaK kek coinaroT, hto cnyCKajTH 

KpiOMOK, BbinOJlHSi!! BOntO FOCyiiapCTBa. 06 HX HaCTOH- 

uicfl MHccHH poaHbie He 3HaiOT h ceroaHs. 

HbiHe na nocTy JVel so JlbBoscKOM CH30 cHanT 
HecKoabKo oc>TKaeHHbix k rosKHSHCHHOMy aafOTiOHeHHio. 
Orxas oT Bbicmefl Mepu HaKaaawHa nopoanji HOBbie npo- 
e.ieMu. iLis conepiKaHHH ocy«iieHHiJx k no»(H3HeHHO- 
My 3aKjiioHeHiiio b VKpaHne celNac OTBoaHTCH necKOjib- 
Ko «ueHTpajioB» - nopcM, rae oaHOBpeMCHHo CH30 h 
TKipbMa. no noflCHCjaM cneuMajiMCTOB, HyiKHo 5 tskkx 
TiopeM no 500 Meet. iBo Jlteoee d.-ut ^mo^o omsedSHO 
noMeuieuue nayji. C. Sandepu. I. - H.0.). B cootbct- 

CTBHH C 3aKOH0M. TaXHC y3HHKH 6yiiyT COaepiKaTbCH Ha 

npaeax ocy>KjeHHUX k ttopcmhomv 3aK.iioieHK)o crpo- 
roro pejKHwa. BepxoBHaH Paaa ruiaHHpyeT paccMOTpexb 
HiMeneKHX HafioaeervMaHHoecoaepjKaHHeraKOft Kare- 
ropHH apecTaHTOfl. 

Ho Mamepuanau cmgmbu Onbsu KymuiJ, Banepuff 

CazaudaKa itCMepmHUK ne 3nan dud KasHut. 

Fasema xBbicoKuO 3aM0K». z. Ilbeoe. 



-KAPTA' Ni38-«0 2004
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Full text of "KARTA - Russian Independet Historical and Human Rights Defending Journal N38-40."

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